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George Sand Dans La Fiction: Représentations Imaginaires D'un Personnage Littéraire

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George Sand Dans La Fiction: Représentations Imaginaires D'un Personnage Littéraire George Sand dans la fiction: représentations imaginaires d'un personnage littéraire by Andreina Romero Montiel Bachelor of Arts, Simon Fraser University 2005 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS In the Department of French © Andreina Romero Montiel 2008 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2008 AlI rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. Approval Name: Andreina Romero Montiel Degree: Master of Arts Title of Thesis: George Sand dans la fiction: représentations imaginaires d'un personnage littéraire. Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. Christian Guilbault Assistant Professor, Department of French Dr. Louise Frappier Senior Supervisor Assistant Professor, Department of French Dr. Jacqueline Viswanathan Supervisor Professor Emerita, Department of French Dr. Sasha Colby Extemal Examiner Assistant Professor, World Literature Program SFU Surrey Date DefendedlApproved: ii SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Declaration of Partial Copyright Licence The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. The author has further granted permission to Simon Fraser University to keep or make a digital copy for use in its circulating collection (currently available to the public at the "Institutional Repository" link of the SFU Library website <www.lib.sfu.ca> at: <http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/112>) and, without changing the content, to translate the thesis/project or extended essays, if technically possible, to any medium or format for the purpose of preservation of the digital work. The author has further agreed that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by either the author or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without the author's written permission. Permission for public performance, or Iimited permission for private scholarly use, of any multimedia materials forming part of this work, may have been granted by the author. This information may be found on the separately catalogued multimedia material and in the signed Partial Copyright Licence. While licensing SFU to permit the above uses, the author retains copyright in the thesis, project or extended essays, including the right to change the work for subsequent purposes, including editing and publishing the work in whole or in part, and licensing other parties, as the author may desire. The original Partial Copyright Licence attesting to these terms, and signed by this author, may be found in the original bound copy of this work, retained in the Simon Fraser University Archive. Simon Fraser University Library Burnaby, BC, Canada Revised: Fall2007 Abstract This thesis explores the representations of George Sand in four works of fiction: the novels La Confession d'un enfant du siècle (1836) by Alfred de Musset and Elle et Lui (1859) by George Sand, and the films Impromptu (1991) by James Lapine and Les Enfants du siècle (1999) by Diane Kurys. In Musset's novel, Sand is a sacralized and idealized maternaI figure, while in Sand's novel she is an independent woman and painter idealized in her maternaI dimension. In Impromptu, Sand's masculinity and eccentricity are emphasized to make a portrait of the romantic artist that reflects a 20lh century vision of a modern artist and mother. Les Enfants du siècle proposes a romantic vision of the feminine character and makes the writer into an icon of French femininity. This thesis studies the changes and transformations that the character experiences in each representation in relation to the social and cultural context. Keywords: George Sand; Alfred de Musset; Autobiographical Novel ; Romanticism ; Representation of Feminine Character; Heritage film Subject Terms: Sand, George; Musset, Alfred de ; Romanticism - France; Authors, French -- 19th century - Biography ; Historical films; Authors in motion pictures III Résumé Ce mémoire explore les représentations de George Sand dans quatre œuvres de fiction: les romans La Confession d'un enfant du siècle (1836) d'Alfred de Musset et Elle et Lui (1859) de George Sand, et les films Impromptu (1991) de James Lapine et Les Enfants du siècle (1999) de Diane Kurys. Dans La Confession, Sand est une figure maternelle sacralisée et idéalisée; dans Elle et Lui elle est une femme peintre indépendante idéalisée dans sa dimension maternelle. Dans Impromptu, l'emphase est mise sur la masculinité et l'excentricité de Sand pour faire un portrait de l'artiste romantique qui reflète une vision du XXe siècle de l'artiste et de la mère. Les Enfants du siècle propose une vision romantique du personnage féminin et fait de l'écrivaine une icône de la féminité française. Ce mémoire étudie les transformations que subit le personnage dans chaque représentation en rapport avec le contexte social et culturel. Mots clés: George Sand; Alfred de Musset; roman autobiographique; Romantisme; représentation du personnage féminin; film d'héritage Sujets: Sand, George; Musset, Alfred de ; Romantisme - France; écrivains français - XIXe siècle - biographie; films historiques; écrivains au cinéma iv A mis padres y a mis hermanos, que me han apoyado incondicionalmente a 10 largo de mis estudios. Y a Sebastitin, mi esposo, quien acept6 compartir nuestro hogar con George Sand durante los largos meses de redacci6n de ésta tesis. v Remerciements Je voudrais remercier tout d'abord le Dr. Louise Frappier, sans qui cette étude serait encore en forme de projet. Sa passion pour la recherche, son don pour l'analyse, ainsi que son énergie inépuisable, m'ont profondément inspirée et aidée tout au long de la rédaction de cette thèse. Je tiens aussi à exprimer ma reconnaissance au Dr. Jacqueline Viswanathan, de qui j'ai énormément apprécié les commentaires et discussions sur les films étudiés. Je dois également remercier le Dr. Viswanathan de m'avoir encouragée à continuer mes études sur le cinéma et la littérature à travers cette recherche. Je serais aussi toujours reconnaissante du support financier que j'ai reçu du département de français et du French Memorial Scholarship. l'aimerais aussi remercier le Dr. Sasha Colby, mon examinatrice externe et le Dr. Luc Bonenfant, qui m'a introduite aux œuvres étudiées dans ce mémoire. Je remercie également les professeurs du département de français pour leur encouragement et leur support. Finalement, je tiens à remercier mon mari Sebastian Lavigna et ma famille pour leur soutien moral et leur encouragement constant tout au long de mes études et de la réalisation de ma maîtrise. vi Table de matières Approval ii Abstract iii Résumé iv Dédicace v Remerciements vi Table de matières vii Introduction 1 Chapitre 1 ç..Q La Confession d'un enfant du siècle: l'héroïne romantique 16 La Confession: un autel littéraire 18 Entre l'ange et la femme réelle: la sacralisation et l'idéalisation de la bien-aimée 24 La figure idéalisée de la mère 32 La multitude de visages de la femme réelle 36 Chapitre 2 ç..Q Elle et Lui: la « fictionalisation du moi» 43 La femme artiste et indépendante: le refus de la sacralisation ..46 Thérèse et la maternité idéalisée 52 Le dialogue avec le romantisme: une nouvelle conception de l'artiste et de l'art 59 Chapitre 3 ç..Q Impromptu: George Sand, artiste romantique 67 Une comédie « d'héritage » 70 L'artiste romantique au masculin 75 Sand et la nature 76 Le mal du siècle 78 La musique et la quête du sublime 80 Sand écrivaine 84 L'amour et la maternité 85 Les éléments de la légende 90 Chapitre 4 ç..Q Les Enfants du siècle: un éloge du romantisme à l'écran 99 Sand et Musset: les enfants du siècle 106 Sand écrivaine: l'écriture et la libération de la femme 108 Sand amoureuse: l'héroïne romantique à l'écran 114 Conclusion 127 Bibliographie 136 vii Introduction George Sand, écrivaine extrêmement prolifique, a écrit plus de 90 romans, de même que de nombreux articles dans les journaux. Elle a aussi soutenu une longue correspondance (plus de 25 volumes) avec plusieurs personnages célèbres du monde littéraire du XIXe siècle!. Bien qu'elle ait été une écrivaine respectée, célébrée et reconnue à son époque, ce sont surtout les représentations et les images entourant le « personnage légendaire2 » de George Sand, et non ses romans, qui restent aujourd'hui dans l'imaginaire du public. Avec ses cigares, ses habits d'homme, sa tumultueuse vie amoureuse et son grand succès comme écrivaine, George Sand reste une personnalité fascinante du romantisme français. Cette conception de Sand comme «personnage » apparaît dès son vivant. Non seulement la presse de son époque a souvent relaté et 3 commenté des anecdotes sur sa vie , mais l'écrivaine a aussi été la matière d'œuvres littéraires depuis le XIXe siècle. En particulier, la période de sa liaison amoureuse avec Alfred de Musset a été dès le début d'un grand intérêt littéraire pour les protagonistes ainsi que pour le public. En effet, quelques mois à peine après leur première rupture, Musset déclare à Sand son désir d'écrire « leur histoire4 ». Ainsi, lorsqu'en 1836, Musset publie La Confession d'un enfant du siècle, roman qui décrit la relation condamnée de Brigitte et d'Octave, elle est reçue par la critique et le public comme la version fictive de IBéatrice Didier, George Sand écrivain: « Un grandfleuve d'Amérique », Paris, PU de France, 1998, p. 2. 2 Isabelle Hoog Naginski, George Sand: l'écriture ou la vie, Paris, Honoré Champion Éditeur, 1999, p.
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