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Download Chapter (PDF) xxxiii CHRONOLOGY 2 Lesotho Basotho Congress Party leader Ntsu Mokhehle sworn in as prime minister after success in March general election. Nicaragua US releases remaining US$50m. of frozen aid in response to progress on human .rights issues. 3 Azerbaijan State of emergency declared after Azeri town of Kelbadjar captured by Armenian forces. 3-4 Russia/USA New economic alliance agreed by Presidents Clinton and Yeltsin to boost Russia's reform movement. 5 EC Negotiations begin on Norway's application for membership. Philippines President Fidel Ramos assumes emergency powers to tackle energy crisis. 7 Argentina Debt reduction plan signed, effectively ending 11-year foreign debt crisis. Chad 12-month transitional charter adopted and Fidèle Moungar named transitional prime minister. UN Admission of Macedonia under the name 'Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia' as a concession to Greek objections. 8 USA President Clinton's budget for the fiscal year 1994 aims to halve huge deficit by 1997 but short-term economic stimulus package fails to get through Senate. 9 Mali Government of Prime Minister Younoussi Touré resigns after serious student rioting. 10 South Africa Chris Hani, General Secretary of South African Communist Party and executive committee member of African National Congress, assassinated. 12 Mali Defence Minister Abdoulaye Sekou Sow named Prime Minister. 13 Cambodia Withdrawal of all Khmer Rouge officials from Phnom Penh. Hong Kong China and UK agree to resume deadlocked talks. 14 Mozambique UN Security Council calls for implementation of Oct. 1992 peace treaty, including multi-party elections, to be finalized. 15 Zambia President Frederick Chiluba dismisses 4 ministers from Cabinet in response to allegations of government corruption. 16 CIS Extraordinary meeting of heads of governments expresses support for Russian reform movement. 17 Turkey Death of President Turgut Ôzal. 18 Pakistan President Ghulam Ishaq Khan dismisses government of Prime Minister Mian Mohammad Nawaz Sharif on grounds of corruption. 18-1 Italy Referendum approves modification of proportional represen- tation system for elections to Senate. 21 Brazil Plebiscite rejects substitution of monarchy for current presi- dential system. GATT Partial agreement between USA and EC on public procure- ment contracts. Kenya World Bank agrees to release US$350m. in foreign aid after Kenyan government tightens financial control. CHRONOLOGY—contd. 22 Sweden Finance bill provides for substantial savings to cut budget deficit. 23 Spain Massive speculation drives peseta to new low. Sri Lanka Assassination of leader of opposition Democratic United National Front Lalith Athulathmudali. 3-2 Eritrea Referendum produces overwhelming majority in favour of independence from Ethiopia. 24 South Africa Oliver Tambo, national chairman of the African National Congress, dies. 25 Russia Referendum gives vote of confidence to President Yeltsin and majority support for his socio-economic reform programme. 5-2 Bosnia-Hercegovina Bosnian Serb Assembly votes to reject Vance-Owen peace plan. 26 Italy Carlo Azeglio Ciampi forms government after resignation of Giuliano Amato. Sudan Peace talks begin between government and 2 factions of rebel Sudan People's Liberation Army. 27 Angola Ceasefire agreed between government and Jonas Savimbi, leader of rebel UNITA. Midde East Ninth round of peace talks opens, attended by Palestinian leadership after Israeli concessions. Yemen General People's Congress wins most seats in general elec- tion. 28 Poland Peasant Alliance withdraws from coalition government in protest at agricultural policy. 1 France Suicide of ex-Prime Minister Pierre Bérégovoy. Lithuania New Homeland Union party formed to succeed Lithuanian Reform Movement defeated in Nov. 1992 legislative elections. Sri Lanka President Ranasinghe Premadasa assassinated. 4 Somalia UN takes over control of military and humanitarian relief operation from US-led multinational force. 5 Kirghizia Formal adoption of new post-independence constitution. 7 Djibouti President Hassan Gouled Aptidon re-elected for fourth term of office. Zaïre Election timetable announced. 9 Paraguay First fully democratic elections give small majority to ruling Colorado Party. Senegal Legislative elections give President Abdou Dioufs Senegalese Socialist Party reduced majority in National Assem- bly. 13 USA Formal abandonment of Strategic Defence Initiative or Star Wars missile programme. 14 CIS At summit meeting leaders of member states sign agreement for greater economic union. EC/Spain/Portugal Peseta and escudo devalued within ERM. 16 Turkey Suleyman Demirel elected President. 17 Cameroon Draft constitutional reform bill drawn up. XXXV CHRONOLOGY—contd. 18 EC Danish referendum approves Maastricht Treaty. 19 Angola USA recognizes government, signalling end of support for rebel UNITA movement. 20 Croatia Croatia and self-proclaimed Republic of Serbian Krajina sign unconditional ceasefire. Georgia Ceasefire comes into effect in Abkhazia. 21 Venezuela President Carlos Pérez suspended pending trial on embezzlement charges. 22 Bosnia-Hercegovina Foreign ministers of the USA, Russia, UK, France and Spain agree joint strategy to contain fighting and guard UN 'safe areas' for Moslem civilians. 24 Eritrea Formal declaration of independence. Mexico Assassination of Cardinal Juan Ocampo, Archbishop of Guadalajara. 26 Pakistan Islamic Democratic Alliance of Mian Sharif reinstated by Supreme Court. 28 Poland Fall of Prime Minister Hanna Suchocka's government. 30 Rwanda Peace agreement signed by government and rebel Patriotic Rwandan Front. Yemen Coalition government of 3 main political parties formed. 1 Burundi Opposition leader Melchior Ndadaye defeats incumbent Pierre Buyoya in surprise presidential election result. 3 Senegal Habib Thiam reappointed Prime Minister after May elec- tion victory of Senegalese Socialist Party. 4 Bosnia-Hercegovina Un Security Council agrees use of force to protect temporary 'safe areas'. 5 Russia Constitutional conference convened by President Yeltsin to discuss draft constitution. Venezuela Senator Ramán José Velásquez elected President. 5-6 Latvia Right-wing parties win majority of seats in parliamentary elections. 6 Congo Second round of parliamentary elections boycotted by opposition coalition. Spain Ruling Workers' Socialist Party wins general election with reduced majority. Guatemala Ramiro de León Carpio inaugurated President. Mongolia First direct presidential election returns incumbent, Punsalmaagiyn Ochirbat. 7 Bolivia Victory in first round of presidential and Congressional elections claimed by Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada of right-wing Nationalist Revolution Movement (MNR). 10 Niger State of emergency imposed in April 1992 lifted. 11 Congo President Pascal Lissouba's Pan-African Union for Social Democracy wins absolute majority in National Assembly. Iran President Ali Akbar Rafsanjani elected for second 4-year term. 13 Canada Kim Campbell, elected leader of ruling Progressive Con- servative Party, becomes first woman Prime Minister. CHRONOLOGY—contd. 14 Turkey Tansu Çiller sworn in as first woman Prime Minister after winning leadership of ruling True Path Party. 15 CIS Abolition of joint military command agreed. Nigeria High Court ruling halts publication of presidential elec- tion results. 16 Bosnia-Hercegovina Provisional agreement at Geneva peace con- ference for 3-way division into Moslem, Serb and Croat areas. Cambodia Rival FUNCINPEC and Cambodian People's parties agree interim power-sharing deal. 17 Afghanistan Leader of radical Hezb-i-Islami, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, sworn in as Prime Minister of new government. 18 Azerbaijan President Albulfaz Elchibey ousted by military rebel- lion. Japan Snap general election called after government defeated in vote of no confidence. Seychelles Referendum approves new multi-party constitution. Solomon Islands Francis Billy Hilly elected Prime Minister by new National Parliament. 19 Comoros President Said Mohammed Djohar dissolves Federal Assembly and appoints interim prime minister. 21 Algeria Ruling High Committee produces draft proposals for return to democracy. 23 Nigeria Ruling military junta of General Ibrahim Babangida announces annulment of presidential election. 24 Chad New smaller transitional Cabinet appointed by Prime Minis- ter Fidèle Moungar. 25 Morocco First parliamentary elections since 1984. Rwanda Peace negotiations between government and rebel Patriotic Rwandan Front adjourned. 26 Iraq US missile attack on Iraqi defence headquarters in Baghdad. Haïti First talks between deposed President Aristide and coup 28 leader General Raoul Cédras end in deadlock. Pakistan Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif imposes direct federal rule 29 on Punjab. Council of Europe Czech and Slovak republics admitted as mem- 30 bers. 1 Cambodia Provisional National Government sworn in. 3 Haiti UN-mediated peace agreement signed by exiled President Aristide and coup leader General Cédras. 4 Jordan US$30m. in economic aid unfrozen. 5 Djibouti Major government offensive against rebel Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy. Nigeria One-day national strike in protest against annulment of June presidential elections. 5-8 CARICOM 14th annual summit of heads of government of Caribbean Community stresses need for common external eco- nomic strategy. xxxvii CHRONOLOGY—contd. 7 Latvia Guntis Almanis of Farmers' Union elected President. G7 Leaders of Group of Seven industrialized countries meet in 7-9 Tokyo. 8 Senegal Government and rebel Movement of Democratic Forces of
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