Music GCSE Songs to Listen to https://open.spotify.com/user/missmacmusic/playlist/4CLqpqYr5AvkWd5CmVAASH?si=qwbiMdRQS7mUSVYYtekhbQ

Tempo, Metre and Rhythm Harmony

Pulse Dance Tonight - Paul McCartney Diatonic Water Music Suite 1 No. 6 Air - Handel / Eine Kleine Nachtmusik Mvmt. 2 - Mozart (to 0.53)

Simple time Dance Tonight - Paul McCartney Chromatic Libertango - Piazzolla / I Like it Like That - Pete Rodriguez

Compound time Fallin’ - Alicia Keys Consonant Water Music Suite 1 No. 6 Air - Handel / Violin Concerto in B flat Mvmt. 1 - Mozart

Regular pulse Both of the above Dissonant Le Sacre du Printemps (The Rite of Spring) - Stravinsky / Tristan und Isolde: Prelude - Wagner

Anacrusis Peer Gynt Suite: Anitras - Grieg (start of melody) Pedal Fantasia upon One Note - Purcell / Raindrop Prelude - Chopin / Dies Irae - Jenkins

Tempo terms (Italian) Adagio: Adagio for Strings - Barber Drone Scotland the Brave - Trad. / Folk Melody based on Largo: Harpsichord Concerto No. 5 Mvmt. 2 - Bach Raga Des - Ismail Sheikh Andante: Andante in E Flat Major - Thibaudet Moderato: Violin Concerto in B flat Mvmt. 1 - Mozart Allegro: Symphony No. 1 Mvmt. 1 - Prokofiev Presto: Piano Sonata No. 14 Mvmt 3 - Beethoven

Rhythmic augmentation The Art of Fugue: Contrapunctus VII by Perfect cadence Life on Mars - David Bowie (0.17) / The Day thou Augmentation and Diminution - Bach (look at Gavest - Sullivan (0.33) Wikipedia article on diminution that shows the main Rhythmic diminution theme here) Imperfect cadence The Day thou Gavest - Sullivan (0.17) / Gavotte - Beach (0.05)

Hemiola Et in terra pax hominibus - Vivaldi (1.30-1.38) Plagal cadence I Saw the Lord - Stainer (very end) / Finlandia - Sibelius (7.49)

Note names and values Semibreve (4 beats) to Semiquaver (1/4 beat) Interrupted cadence Requiem: Kyrie - Mozart (2.03) / Piano Sonata No. including dotted notes and values 10 in C Major Mvmt. 2 (0.10)

Dotted rhythm Water Music Suite 1 No. 6 Air - Handel Tierce de Picardie Fugue in C minor - Bach (end) / Herzliebster Jesu - Bach (end)

Triplets Livin’ on a Prayer - Bon Jovi (3.20-3.25: ‘you live for Major chords Dance Tonight - Paul McCartney (all until 0.37) the fight when that’s all that you’ve got)

Scotch snap Farewell to Stromness - Maxwell Davies Minor chords Independent Women Part I - Destiny’s Child Rubato Waltz No. 10 in B Minor - Chopin Dominant 7th chords Rock Around the Clock - Bill Haley and the Comets (just before verse starts) / View me Lord - Lloyd (V of final cadence in verse (0.37)

Pause I Have Confidence - Rogers (on and after ‘I Power chords Smells like Teen Spirit - Nirvana wonder...’)

Tempo See tempo terms Chord symbols C = C major, Cm = C minor, C7 = C dominant 7

BPM Stayin' Alive - Bee Gees (103 bpm) or try this! Common chord progressions I V iv IV: Don’t Stop Believing - Journey https://songbpm.com iv IV I V: Wake Me Up - Aviici I vi IV V: All of Me - John Legend

MM Same as above, expressed as crotchet = BPM, so Structure Stayin’ Alive is Crotchet = 103

Groove Staying’ Alive - Bee Gees / Superstition - Stevie Binary Badinerie from Suite No. 2 in B minor - Bach Wonder (each section is repeated so AABB, which is common)

Backbeat Three Little Birds - Bob Marley Ternary Alla Hornpipe from Water Music Suite No. 2 - Handel

Syncopation The Syncopated Clock - Anderson / Hold Back the Call and response Yinhle Lentombi - Ladysmith Black Mambazo River - James Bay

Off-beat Florentiner March - Grimethorpe Colliery Band Rondo Horn Concerto No. 4 in E flat major, mvmt. 3: (listen to snare drum after intro) Rondo - Mozart

Shuffle I'm Still Standing - Elton John / With a Little Help Theme and variations 12 Variations on Ah, vous dirais-je maman - from my Friends - The Beatles Mozart

Swing/Swung As above Arch-shape Adagio for Strings - Barber

Irregular Pulse Unsquare Dance - Dave Brubeck Sonata Symphony No. 26 in D minor - Haydn (obviously this isn’t a sonata, but it’s a very clear example of sonata form)

Free Pulse Quartet Op. 22 - Webern Minuet/Scherzo and trio String Quintet in E major, Mvmt. 3 - Boccherini

Skank Three Little Birds - Bob Marley Through-composed Der Erlkonig - Schubert

Bubble One Love - Bob Marley Ground bass When I am Laid in Earth - Purcell

Clave Limbo - Lord Tickler Continuo Canon - Pachelbel Cross-rhythm Touch and Go - The Cars (5/4 in drums, 4/4 in keys) Cadenza Violin Concerto No. 1 in E minor, Mvmt. 1 - Mendelssohn (11.40)

Bi-rhythm/Polyrhythm Afro Blue - Mongo Santamaria Intro/Outro With a Little Help from my Friends - The Beatles

Bossa nova Soul Bossa Nova - Quincy Jones / O Barquinho - Verse/Chorus Structure With a Little Help from my Friends - The Beatles Karrin Allyson

Samba Pelo Telefone - Martinho Da Vila Break A Night in Tunisia - Charlie Parker (1.19)

Salsa I Like it Like that - Pete Rodriguez / Bailando - Issac 12 Bar Blues Flip, Flop, Fly - Ellis Hall / Good Golly Miss Molly - Delgado Little Richard

Tango Libertango - Piazzolla / La Cumparsita - Trad. 16 Bar Blues I’m Your Hoochie Coochie Man - Muddy Waters / See See Rider - Big Bill Broonzy

Habanera Habanera from Carmen - Bizet / Habanera - Buena Drum fill In the Air Tonight - Phil Collins (3.41) / Fat Vista Social Club Bottomed Girls - Queen (2.53)

Danzon Danzon No. 2 - Marquez / Sigue el Danzon - La Strophic O Little Town of Bethlehem (Trad.) / Scarborough Danzonera Fair - Simon and Garfunkel

Merengue Seguire a caballo - Trujillo Cyclic Symphonie Fantastique - Berlioz

Cha cha cha El Bodeguero - Orquesta Aragon Popular Song Form Somewhere Over the Rainbow - Arlen / Lamest Place in the World - Robert Brown

Rumba Rumba Rumbero - Oscar D’Leon Texture

Sonority Monophonic Unaccompanied Cello Suite - Bach

String instruments Serenade in C Major Mvmt. 1 - Tchaikovsky Homophonic/Harmonic/ View Me Lord - Lloyd / Nkosi Sikelel’i Afrika - Chordal Soweto Gospel Choir

Woodwind instruments Quintette: Scherzo - Borealis Wind Quintet Polyphonic/Contrapuntal Fugue in G minor - Bach (begins monophonic, then becomes contrapuntal) / Electric Counterpoint, Mvmt. 3 - Reich

Brass instruments Abide With Me - Grimethorpe Colliery Band Melody and Accompaniment Blackbird - The Beatles / The Arrival of the Queen of Sheba - Handel

Percussion instruments The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra (1.25 Layered Africa Challenge - Diabate / Sloe Gin - onwards) - Britten Bellowhead (more so towards the end)

Arco Concerto for 4 Violins in B Minor - Vivaldi Imitative Fugue in G minor - Bach (listen for the first theme coming in again and again) Pizzicato Plink Plank Plunk - Anderson Canonic Will I - Larson (from 0.57)

Con sordino Swan Lake ‘Lake in the Moonlight’ - Tchaikovsky Unison Sing - Gary Barlow (voices at 1.01)

Double stopping Violin Concerto No. 1 Mvmt. 3 Finale - Bruch Octaves The Ride of the Valkyries - Wagner

Tremolo Swan Lake ‘Lake in the Moonlight’ - Tchaikovsky Antiphonal Coelos ascendit hodie - Stanford

Voices (Soprano/Alto/Tenor/ God So Loved the World - Stainer A cappella Coelos ascendit hodie - Stanford / I Will Follow Bass) you into the dark - Voices in your Head

A cappella There is an Old Belief - Parry Drone Scotland the Brave - Trad. / Folk Melody based on Raga Des - Ismail Sheikh

Falsetto I Believe in a Thing Called Love - The Darkness Melody

Vibrato Theme from Schindler's List - Williams Intervals www.musictheory.net

Electric guitar I Believe in a Thing Called Love - The Darkness Conjunct Waving Flag - Chani

Synthesiser Invisible Touch - Genesis Disjunct Defying Gravity - Schwartz

Sitar Folk Melody based on Raga Des - Ismail Sheikh Scalic Eastenders Theme

Dilruba Within You Without You - The Beatles Triadic The Arrival of the Queen of Sheba - Handel / Prelude in C - Bach

Steel Drums I Want You Back - Esso Trinidad Steel Band Broken chords Someone Like You - Adele

Djembe Les Djembe du Senegal 1 - Djembe Drum Academy Arpeggios Prelude in C - Bach

Acoustic guitar I See Fire - Ed Sheeran Passing notes Minuet in G major - Bach

Latin Percussion Son de Baloy - Afro Cuban All Stars / Salsa y Sabor Diatonic Minuet in G major - Bach / Waving Flag - Chani - Tito Puente

Fiddle Roll Alabama - Bellowhead Chromatic Danse Macabre in G minor - Saint Saens / In the Hall of the Mountain King - Grieg

Tin Whistle You Can Call me Al - Paul Simon (1.40ish) Pentatonic Chinese Wuhan Erhu - Trad.

Palm mute Basket Case - Greenday Whole tone Mikrokosmos No.136 - Bartok

Pitch bend Wonderful Tonight - Eric Clapton Modal My Lady Carey’s Dompe - Tallis

Hammer-on and pull-off Killer Queen - Queen Sequence Do-Re-Mi - Rogers Slide guitar/bottleneck Guitar Rag - Sylvester Weaver Portamento Sabre Dance - Khachaturian / Rhapsody in Blue - Gershwin

Elements of drum kit Kick drum, snare drum, tom toms, hi-hat, crash Glissando Flip Flop and Fly - Ellis Hall (very beginning in the cymbal, ride cymbal piano)

Rim shot In my life - The Beatles Ornamentation As below

Drum roll Scotland the Brave - Trad. Trill The Ride of the Valkyries - Wagner / Rhapsody in Blue - Gershwin

Beat boxing Too Close - Ithacappella Mordent He was Despised - Handel (strings)

Rap Gangsta’s Paradise - Coolio Acciaccatura Can Can - Offenbach / Kangaroos - Saint Saens

Scat singing Dream a Little Dream of Me - Ella Fitzgerald Appogiatura He was Despised - Handel (voice)

Slap bass Higher Ground - Red Hot Chili Peppers Motifs Symphony 101 in D major mvmt. 2 - Haydn

Amplification Any song using electric instruments (e.g. electric Ostinato Bolero - Ravel / Mars - Holst guitar, bass guitar, keyboards)

Delay Higher Ground - Red Hot Chili Peppers / Lucy in Phrasing Minuet in G major - Bach the Sky with Diamonds - The Beatles

Reverb In the Air Tonight - Phil Collins Articulation As below with Dynamics

Distortion In the Air Tonight - Phil Collins / I Can’t Get No Melodic dictation Practise intervals using www.musictheory.net Satisfaction - The Rolling Stones

Chorus Come as You Are - Nirvana (bass at beginning) Riff Viva la Vida - Coldplay / Day Tripper - The Beatles

Sampling Listen to Hide and Seek - Imogen Heap, then Pitch bend Bhajan Vaishnav - Ismail Sheikh Watcha Say - Jason Derulo / With a Little Help from my Friends - The Beatles

Wah wah Wah-Wah - George Harrison Melisma I Attempt from Love’s Sickness to Fly - Purcell

Autotune Believe - Cher / Hide and Seek - Imogen Heap Hook Mmmbop - Hanson / ABC - Jackson Five

Drum machine Believe - Cher Slide Come on Eileen - Dexy’s Midnight Runners (0.20) / Blackbird - The Beatles

Automatic Double Tracking Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds - The Beatles Improvisation When the Saints go Marching in - Louis Armstrong (ADT) Direct Input Transformer (DIT) Used from The Beatles onwards Blue notes Dream a Little Dream of Me - The Mamas and the Papas / It Ain’t Necessarily So - Aretha Franklin

Vamping All That Jazz - Chicago Melody-scat Dream a Little Dream of Me - Ella Fitzgerald

Tonality Dynamics & Articulation

Major Water Music Suite 1 No. 6 Air - Handel Italian terms and symbols Fortissimo: Radetsky March - Strauss (beginning) Forte: Symphony No. 26 in D minor, mvmt. 1 - Haydn (beginning) Mezzo Forte: Badinerie - Bach (beginning) Mezzo Piano: Anitras - Grieg (beginning) Piano: Claire de Lune - Debussy (beginning) Pianissimo: The Firebird Suite: Finale - Stravinsky (beginning)

Minor Waltz No. 10 in B Minor - Chopin Crescendo In the Hall of the Mountain King - Grieg / The Firebird Suite: Finale - Stravinsky

Modulation to tonic major/minor Major to tonic minor: Norwegian Wood - The Diminuendo Nocturne in E Minor - Chopin (2.40 - end) Beatles (at 0.32, and back again at 0.46) Minor to tonic major: Happy Together - The Turtles (at 0.40, and back again at 0.56)

Modulation to relative major/ Minor to relative major: Symphony No. 26 in D Sforzando Dies Irae - Verdi minor Minor Mvmt. 1 - Haydn (at. 0.25) Major to relative minor: Piano Sonata No. 12 in F Major Mvmt. 1 - Mozart (at 0.28)

Modulation to dominant Major: Brandenburg Concerto No. 4, Mvmt. 1 (at Accents Dies Irae - Verdi / Sabre Dance - Khachaturian 0.26) Minor: Double Violin Concerto Mvmt. 3 (at 0.09)

Modulation to subdominant From Me to You - The Beatles (at 0.36) Staccato Dance of the Mirlitons - Tchaikovsky

Pentatonic The Clouds Chasing the Moon - Trad. Legato Claire de Lune - Debussy / Waltz No. 10 in B Minor - Chopin

Modal Thou Wast, O God - Tallis (and therefore Fantasia Tenuto Waltz No. 10 in B Minor - Chopin on a Theme of Thomas Tallis - Vaughan Williams)

Blues scale Mary had a Little Lamb - Stevie Ray Vaughan

Tonal ambiguity Tippett: Concerto for Double String Orchestra Mvmt. 1