Observation of Structure in the J/Ψ-Pair Mass Spectrum
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Higgs and Particle Production in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions
Higgs and Particle Production in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions Zhe Liu Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Columbia University 2016 c 2015 Zhe Liu All Rights Reserved Abstract Higgs and Particle Production in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions Zhe Liu We apply a diagrammatic approach to study Higgs boson, a color-neutral heavy particle, pro- duction in nucleus-nucleus collisions in the saturation framework without quantum evolution. We assume the strong coupling constant much smaller than one. Due to the heavy mass and colorless nature of Higgs particle, final state interactions are absent in our calculation. In order to treat the two nuclei dynamically symmetric, we use the Coulomb gauge which gives the appropriate light cone gauge for each nucleus. To further eliminate initial state interactions we choose specific prescriptions in the light cone propagators. We start the calculation from only two nucleons in each nucleus and then demonstrate how to generalize the calculation to higher orders diagrammatically. We simplify the diagrams by the Slavnov-Taylor-Ward identities. The resulting cross section is factorized into a product of two Weizsäcker-Williams gluon distributions of the two nuclei when the transverse momentum of the produced scalar particle is around the saturation momentum. To our knowledge this is the first process where an exact analytic formula has been formed for a physical process, involving momenta on the order of the saturation momentum, in nucleus-nucleus collisions in the quasi-classical approximation. Since we have performed the calculation in an unconventional gauge choice, we further confirm our results in Feynman gauge where the Weizsäcker-Williams gluon distribution is interpreted as a transverse momentum broadening of a hard gluons traversing a nuclear medium. -
Baryon Number Fluctuation and the Quark-Gluon Plasma
Baryon Number Fluctuation and the Quark-Gluon Plasma Z. W. Lin and C. M. Ko Because of the fractional baryon number Using the generating function at of quarks, baryon and antibaryon number equilibrium, fluctuations in the quark-gluon plasma is less than those in the hadronic matter, making them plausible signatures for the quark-gluon plasma expected to be formed in relativistic heavy ion with g(l) = ∑ Pn = 1 due to normalization of collisions. To illustrate this possibility, we have the multiplicity probability distribution, it is introduced a kinetic model that takes into straightforward to obtain all moments of the account both production and annihilation of equilibrium multiplicity distribution. In terms of quark-antiquark or baryon-antibaryon pairs [1]. the fundamental unit of baryon number bo in the In the case of only baryon-antibaryon matter, the mean baryon number per event is production from and annihilation to two mesons, given by i.e., m1m2 ↔ BB , we have the following master equation for the multiplicity distribution of BB pairs: while the squared baryon number fluctuation per baryon at equilibrium is given by In obtaining the last expressions in Eqs. (5) and In the above, Pn(ϑ) denotes the probability of ϑ 〈σ 〉 (6), we have kept only the leading term in E finding n pairs of BB at time ; G ≡ G v 〈σ 〉 corresponding to the grand canonical limit, and L ≡ L v are the momentum-averaged cross sections for baryon production and E 1, as baryons and antibaryons are abundantly produced in heavy ion collisions at annihilation, respectively; Nk represents the total number of particle species k; and V is the proper RHIC. -
Fully Strange Tetraquark Sss¯S¯ Spectrum and Possible Experimental Evidence
PHYSICAL REVIEW D 103, 016016 (2021) Fully strange tetraquark sss¯s¯ spectrum and possible experimental evidence † Feng-Xiao Liu ,1,2 Ming-Sheng Liu,1,2 Xian-Hui Zhong,1,2,* and Qiang Zhao3,4,2, 1Department of Physics, Hunan Normal University, and Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Changsha 410081, China 2Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications (SICQEA), Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China 3Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 4University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (Received 21 August 2020; accepted 5 January 2021; published 26 January 2021) In this work, we construct 36 tetraquark configurations for the 1S-, 1P-, and 2S-wave states, and make a prediction of the mass spectrum for the tetraquark sss¯s¯ system in the framework of a nonrelativistic potential quark model without the diquark-antidiquark approximation. The model parameters are well determined by our previous study of the strangeonium spectrum. We find that the resonances f0ð2200Þ and 2340 2218 2378 f2ð Þ may favor the assignments of ground states Tðsss¯s¯Þ0þþ ð Þ and Tðsss¯s¯Þ2þþ ð Þ, respectively, and the newly observed Xð2500Þ at BESIII may be a candidate of the lowest mass 1P-wave 0−þ state − 2481 0þþ 2440 Tðsss¯s¯Þ0 þ ð Þ. Signals for the other ground state Tðsss¯s¯Þ0þþ ð Þ may also have been observed in PC −− the ϕϕ invariant mass spectrum in J=ψ → γϕϕ at BESIII. The masses of the J ¼ 1 Tsss¯s¯ states are predicted to be in the range of ∼2.44–2.99 GeV, which indicates that the ϕð2170Þ resonance may not be a good candidate of the Tsss¯s¯ state. -
Pos(LATTICE2014)106 ∗ [email protected] Speaker
Flavored tetraquark spectroscopy PoS(LATTICE2014)106 Andrea L. Guerrieri∗ Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Università di Roma ’Tor Vergata’ Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Roma, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Mauro Papinutto, Alessandro Pilloni, Antonio D. Polosa Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, ’Sapienza’ Università di Roma P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy Nazario Tantalo CERN, PH-TH, Geneva, Switzerland and Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Università di Roma ’Tor Vergata’ Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Roma, Italy The recent confirmation of the charged charmonium like resonance Z(4430) by the LHCb ex- periment strongly suggests the existence of QCD multi quark bound states. Some preliminary results about hypothetical flavored tetraquark mesons are reported. Such states are particularly amenable to Lattice QCD studies as their interpolating operators do not overlap with those of ordinary hidden-charm mesons. The 32nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, 23-28 June, 2014 Columbia University New York, NY ∗Speaker. c Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Licence. http://pos.sissa.it/ Flavored tetraquark spectroscopy Andrea L. Guerrieri 1. Introduction The recent confirmation of the charged resonant state Z(4430) by LHCb [1] strongly suggests the existence of genuine compact tetraquark mesons in the QCD spectrum. Among the many phenomenological models, it seems that only the diquark-antidiquark model in its type-II version can accomodate in a unified description the puzzling spectrum of the exotics [2]. Although diquark- antidiquark model has success in describing the observed exotic spectrum, it also predicts a number of unobserved exotic partners. -
Physics Letters B 816 (2021) 136227
Physics Letters B 816 (2021) 136227 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Physics Letters B www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb Scalar isoscalar mesons and the scalar glueball from radiative J/ψ decays ∗ A.V. Sarantsev a,b, I. Denisenko c, U. Thoma a, E. Klempt a, a Helmholtz–Institut für Strahlen– und Kernphysik, Universität Bonn, Germany b NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, PNPI, Gatchina 188300, Russia c Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t ¯ Article history: A coupled-channel analysis of BESIII data on radiative J/ψ decays into ππ, K K , ηη and ωφ has been Received 12 January 2021 performed. The partial-wave amplitude is constrained by a large number of further data. The analysis Received in revised form 16 March 2021 finds ten isoscalar scalar mesons. Their masses, widths and decay modes are determined. The scalar Accepted 16 March 2021 mesons are interpreted as mainly SU(3)-singlet and mainly octet states. Octet isoscalar scalar states Available online xxxx are observed with significant yields only in the 1500-2100 MeV mass region. Singlet scalar mesons are Editor: M. Doser produced over a wide mass range but their yield peaks in the same mass region. The peak is interpreted = ± +10 = ± +30 as scalar glueball. Its mass and width are determined to M 1865 25−30 MeV and 370 50−20 MeV, − its yield in radiative J/ψ decays to (5.8 ± 1.0) 10 3. © 2021 The Author(s). -
New Physics of Strong Interaction and Dark Universe
universe Review New Physics of Strong Interaction and Dark Universe Vitaly Beylin 1 , Maxim Khlopov 1,2,3,* , Vladimir Kuksa 1 and Nikolay Volchanskiy 1,4 1 Institute of Physics, Southern Federal University, Stachki 194, 344090 Rostov on Don, Russia; [email protected] (V.B.); [email protected] (V.K.); [email protected] (N.V.) 2 CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, F-75013 Paris, France 3 National Research Nuclear University “MEPHI” (Moscow State Engineering Physics Institute), 31 Kashirskoe Chaussee, 115409 Moscow, Russia 4 Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.:+33-676380567 Received: 18 September 2020; Accepted: 21 October 2020; Published: 26 October 2020 Abstract: The history of dark universe physics can be traced from processes in the very early universe to the modern dominance of dark matter and energy. Here, we review the possible nontrivial role of strong interactions in cosmological effects of new physics. In the case of ordinary QCD interaction, the existence of new stable colored particles such as new stable quarks leads to new exotic forms of matter, some of which can be candidates for dark matter. New QCD-like strong interactions lead to new stable composite candidates bound by QCD-like confinement. We put special emphasis on the effects of interaction between new stable hadrons and ordinary matter, formation of anomalous forms of cosmic rays and exotic forms of matter, like stable fractionally charged particles. The possible correlation of these effects with high energy neutrino and cosmic ray signatures opens the way to study new physics of strong interactions by its indirect multi-messenger astrophysical probes. -
Arxiv:0810.4453V1 [Hep-Ph] 24 Oct 2008
The Physics of Glueballs Vincent Mathieu Groupe de Physique Nucl´eaire Th´eorique, Universit´e de Mons-Hainaut, Acad´emie universitaire Wallonie-Bruxelles, Place du Parc 20, BE-7000 Mons, Belgium. [email protected] Nikolai Kochelev Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region, 141980 Russia. [email protected] Vicente Vento Departament de F´ısica Te`orica and Institut de F´ısica Corpuscular, Universitat de Val`encia-CSIC, E-46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain. [email protected] Glueballs are particles whose valence degrees of freedom are gluons and therefore in their descrip- tion the gauge field plays a dominant role. We review recent results in the physics of glueballs with the aim set on phenomenology and discuss the possibility of finding them in conventional hadronic experiments and in the Quark Gluon Plasma. In order to describe their properties we resort to a va- riety of theoretical treatments which include, lattice QCD, constituent models, AdS/QCD methods, and QCD sum rules. The review is supposed to be an informed guide to the literature. Therefore, we do not discuss in detail technical developments but refer the reader to the appropriate references. I. INTRODUCTION Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of the hadronic interactions. It is an elegant theory whose full non perturbative solution has escaped our knowledge since its formulation more than 30 years ago.[1] The theory is asymptotically free[2, 3] and confining.[4] A particularly good test of our understanding of the nonperturbative aspects of QCD is to study particles where the gauge field plays a more important dynamical role than in the standard hadrons. -
Discovery Potential for the Lhcb Fully Charm Tetraquark X(6900) State Via P¯P Annihilation Reaction
PHYSICAL REVIEW D 102, 116014 (2020) Discovery potential for the LHCb fully charm tetraquark Xð6900Þ state via pp¯ annihilation reaction † ‡ Xiao-Yun Wang,1,* Qing-Yong Lin,2, Hao Xu,3 Ya-Ping Xie,4 Yin Huang,5 and Xurong Chen4,6,7, 1Department of physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China 2Department of Physics, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China 3Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China 4Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 5School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chendu 610031, China 6University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 7Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Institute of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China (Received 2 August 2020; accepted 16 November 2020; published 18 December 2020) Inspired by the observation of the fully-charm tetraquark Xð6900Þ state at LHCb, the production of Xð6900Þ in pp¯ → J=ψJ=ψ reaction is studied within an effective Lagrangian approach and Breit-Wigner formula. The numerical results show that the cross section of Xð6900Þ at the c.m. energy of 6.9 GeV is much larger than that from the background contribution. Moreover, we estimate dozens of signal events can be detected by the D0 experiment, which indicates that searching for the Xð6900Þ via antiproton-proton scattering may be a very important and promising way. Therefore, related experiments are suggested to be carried out. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.102.116014 I. INTRODUCTION Γ ¼ 168 Æ 33 Æ 69 MeV; ð2Þ In recent decades, more and more exotic hadron states have been observed [1]. -
Observation of Global Hyperon Polarization in Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Nuclear Physics A 967 (2017) 760–763 www.elsevier.com/locate/nuclphysa Observation of Global Hyperon Polarization in Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions Isaac Upsal for the STAR Collaboration1 Ohio State University, 191 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210 Abstract Collisions between heavy nuclei at ultra-relativistic energies form a color-deconfined state of matter known as the quark-gluon plasma. This state is well described by hydrodynamics, and non-central collisions are expected to produce a fluid characterized by strong vorticity in the presence of strong external magnetic fields. The STAR Collaboration at Brookhaven National Laboratory’s√ Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has measured collisions between gold nuclei at center of mass energies sNN = 7.7 − 200 GeV. We report the first observation of globally polarized Λ and Λ hyperons, aligned with the angular momentum of the colliding system. These measurements provide important information on partonic spin-orbit coupling, the vorticity of the quark-gluon plasma, and the magnetic field generated in the collision. 1. Introduction Collisions of nuclei at ultra-relativistic energies create a system of deconfined colored quarks and glu- ons, called the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). The large angular momentum (∼104−5) present in non-central collisions may produce a polarized QGP, in which quarks are polarized through spin-orbit coupling in QCD [1, 2, 3]. The polarization would be transmitted to hadrons in the final state and could be detectable through global hyperon polarization. Global hyperon polarization refers to the phenomenon in which the spin of Λ (and Λ) hyperons is corre- lated with the net angular momentum of the QGP which is perpendicular to the reaction plane, spanned by pbeam and b, where b is the impact parameter vector of the collision and pbeam is the beam momentum. -
Charm and Strange Quark Contributions to the Proton Structure
Report series ISSN 0284 - 2769 of SE9900247 THE SVEDBERG LABORATORY and \ DEPARTMENT OF RADIATION SCIENCES UPPSALA UNIVERSITY Box 533, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden http://www.tsl.uu.se/ TSL/ISV-99-0204 February 1999 Charm and Strange Quark Contributions to the Proton Structure Kristel Torokoff1 Dept. of Radiation Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 535, S-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden Abstract: The possibility to have charm and strange quarks as quantum mechanical fluc- tuations in the proton wave function is investigated based on a model for non-perturbative QCD dynamics. Both hadron and parton basis are examined. A scheme for energy fluctu- ations is constructed and compared with explicit energy-momentum conservation. Resulting momentum distributions for charniand_strange quarks in the proton are derived at the start- ing scale Qo f°r the perturbative QCD evolution. Kinematical constraints are found to be important when comparing to the "intrinsic charm" model. Master of Science Thesis Linkoping University Supervisor: Gunnar Ingelman, Uppsala University 1 kuldsepp@tsl .uu.se 30-37 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Standard Model 3 2.1 Introductory QCD 4 2.2 Light-cone variables 5 3 Experiments 7 3.1 The HERA machine 7 3.2 Deep Inelastic Scattering 8 4 Theory 11 4.1 The Parton model 11 4.2 The structure functions 12 4.3 Perturbative QCD corrections 13 4.4 The DGLAP equations 14 5 The Edin-Ingelman Model 15 6 Heavy Quarks in the Proton Wave Function 19 6.1 Extrinsic charm 19 6.2 Intrinsic charm 20 6.3 Hadronisation 22 6.4 The El-model applied to heavy quarks -
Discovery of Gluon
Discovery of the Gluon Physics 290E Seminar, Spring 2020 Outline – Knowledge known at the time – Theory behind the discovery of the gluon – Key predicted interactions – Jet properties – Relevant experiments – Analysis techniques – Experimental results – Current research pertaining to gluons – Conclusion Knowledge known at the time The year is 1978, During this time, particle physics was arguable a mature subject. 5 of the 6 quarks were discovered by this point (the bottom quark being the most recent), and the only gauge boson that was known was the photon. There was also a theory of the strong interaction, quantum chromodynamics, that had been developed up to this point by Yang, Mills, Gell-Mann, Fritzsch, Leutwyler, and others. Trying to understand the structure of hadrons. Gluons can self-interact! Theory behind the discovery Analogous to QED, the strong interaction between quarks and gluons with a gauge group of SU(3) symmetry is known as quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Where the force mediating particle is the gluon. In QCD, we have some quite particular features such as asymptotic freedom and confinement. 4 α Short range:V (r) = − s QCD 3 r 4 α Long range: V (r) = − s + kr QCD 3 r (Between a quark and antiquark) Quantum fluctuations cause the bare color charge to be screened causes coupling strength to vary. Features are important for an understanding of jet formation. Theory behind the discovery John Ellis postulated the search for the gluon through bremsstrahlung radiation in electron- proton annihilation processes in 1976. Such a process will produce jets of hadrons: e−e+ qq¯g Furthermore, Mary Gaillard, Graham Ross, and John Ellis wrote a paper (“Search for Gluons in e+e- Annihilation.”) that described that the PETRA collider at DESY and the PEP collider at SLAC should be able to observe this process. -
Deciphering the Recently Discovered Tetraquark Candidates Around 6.9 Gev
Eur. Phys. J. C (2021) 81:25 https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08818-7 Regular Article - Theoretical Physics Deciphering the recently discovered tetraquark candidates around 6.9 GeV Jacob Sonnenschein1,a, Dorin Weissman2,b 1 The Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel 2 Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan Received: 6 October 2020 / Accepted: 28 December 2020 © The Author(s) 2021 Abstract Recently a novel hadronic state of mass 6.9 GeV, or, using a second fitting model that decays mainly to a pair of charmonia, was observed in [ ( )]= ± ± LHCb. The data also reveals a broader structure centered M X 6900 6886 11 11 around 6490 MeV and suggests another unconfirmed reso- [X(6900)]=168 ± 33 ± 69 (1.2) nance centered at around 7240 MeV, very near to the thresh- The data also reveals a broader structure centered around old of two doubly charmed cc baryons. We argue in this note that these exotic hadrons are genuine tetraquarks and 6490 MeV, referred to as a “threshold enhancement” in [1], not molecules of charmonia. It is conjectured that they are and also suggests the existence of another resonance centered V-baryonium , namely, have an inner structure of a baryonic at around 7240 MeV,very near to the threshold of two doubly vertex with a cc diquark attached to it, which is connected by charmed cc baryons. See Fig. 1. The higher state, which we ( ) a string to an anti-baryonic vertex with a c¯c¯ anti-diquark.