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Home , Cavetto, Classical architecture, Cornice, Cupola, Festoon, Fluting (architecture)

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Glossary of Architectural Terms Volume II - Return through Hearth

4400 oneal street • greenville, tx 75401 p: 903.454.0904 • f: 903.454.0233 www.4stromberg.com • [email protected]

gfrc | gfrp | gfrg | cast stone | marble | bronze Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Cornice Return - Date Stone Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 25

Cornice Return meaning a small cup (A resembling an upside Is the term for the continuation of a cornice, either back down cup.) A cupola that is lighted is sometimes referred to the wall where it terminates, or in a change direction, to as a lantern. A Cupola with access for viewing out of at a gable end. to view the scenery is often called a belvedere, from the Italian term for fair view. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced Corona concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) The overhanging vertical member of a cornice in may be designed as one piece units, if small enough classical . to be transported. Larger cupolas of GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) Cresting are generally made in segments that are pre-fitted at A decorative design along the ridge of a roof, cornice, the factory, disassembled for shipping, reassembled coping or parapet. Usually highly ornamented and often on the ground at the site, and then hoisted into place perforated. Often found in the Chateau style, Second with a crane. GFRC and GFRP cupolas may be , and Queen Anne style, but also found on custom designed or may be selected from a catalog of other styles. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and stock the cupola designs. In most cases a glass fiber GFRP (architectural fiberglass) cresting incorporates reinforced concrete cupola sets over a roof membrane, stainless steel or other non-corroding anchors which as a decorative element on the roof. Flashing and allow it to be bolted to the structure below. waterproofing is therefore simplified.

Wall top cresting or crenellation in cast stone Wall top cresting or crenellation in cast stone Cushion Crocket Capital of the Romanesque style and Gothic style that CrocketGothic ornaments - Gothic ornamentsof medieval of origin, medieval usually origin, plant usually like plantlikesomewhat in resemblesform, a cushion. placedin form, along placed the edgealong of the the edgesloping of surfthe acesloping of pinnacles surfaceCushion or capital spires. - Most Capital often of the Romanesque style and Gothic style that somewhat resembles a cushion. seenof pinnacles in Gothic orrevival spires. architecture. Most often GF RC seen (glass in Gothicfiber reinforced Cyma concrete) and GFRPrevival (architectural architecture. fiberglass) GFRC Crockets (glass fiber are generally reinforcedCyma cast - AA withmolding a stainless with with the double steel the double curved shape curved of an shape S in section. of an S in or noncorrosive metal all thread through them to allow for attachment to the concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) Crockets section. structure.are generally cast with a stainless steel or noncorrosiveDate stone - A panel or “stone” of GFRC, inscribed with the date of completion of the , and sometimes other information. The glass fiber reinforced metal all thread through them to allow for attachment Cupola - Structure located on a roof or a , withconcrete a circular date stone polygon may be will a cornerstone, a plaque or keystone. to the structure. Date Stone base. Often louvered for ventilation, sometimes setDentil with -glass OneA panel of or a stained-glass.row or of “stone” “tooth like” of blocks, GFRC, set inscribed in a molding with or cornice. the date These TheCupola word comes from the Latin ‘cupella’ or the Greekare part ‘kupellon’) ofof the completion classical meaning ornamentation ofa small the building, of the Ionic, and Composite, sometimes Corinthian other and cup (A cupola resembling an upside down cup). A couple that is lighted is Structure located on a roof or a dome, with a circularDoric orders. information. Found in Federal The glassstyle, Adamfibers style,reinforced Classical concrete Revival style, date French sometimespolygon will referred base. to as Often a lantern. louvered A Cu forpola ventilation, withEclectic access architecture,for viewing Georgian out of to style, and Greek revival architecture. GFRC (glass view the scenery is often called a belvedere, from thefiber Italian reinforcedstone term concrete)may for fairbe aand view. cornerstone, GFRP (architectural a plaque fiberglass) or keystone. moldings may be sometimes set with glass or stained-glass. The word GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architecturalcast with the fiberglass) as part of the molding, or the dentils may be cast separately comes from the Latin ‘cupella’ or the Greek ‘kupellon’)and attached after casting. It is important that molding and cornice with cupolas may be designed as one piece units, if smalldentils enough be properly to be transported. laid out so that the dentil spacing is uniform. This is generally Larger cupolas of GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete)done by andthe manufacturer GFRP (architectural in the shop drawings stage. fiberglass) are generally made in segmenStrombergts that are Architecturalpre-fitted at the Products factory, disassembledwww.4stromberg.com for shipping, reassembled on the ground903.454.0904 at the site, and then [email protected] hoisted into place with a crane. GFRC and GFRP cupolas may be custom designed or may be selected from a catalog of stock the cupola designs. In most cases a glass fiber reinforced concrete cupola sets over a roof membrane, as a decorative element on the roof. Flashing and waterproofing is therefore simplified. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Dentil - Dome Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 26

Dentil One of a row of “tooth like” blocks, set in a molding or cornice. These are part of the classical ornamentation of the Ionic, Composite, Corinthian and Doric orders. Found in Federal style, Adams style, Classical Revival style, French Eclectic architecture, Georgian style, and Greek revival architecture. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) moldings may be cast with the dentils as part of the molding, or the dentils may be cast separately and attached after casting. It is important that dentil molding and cornice with dentils be properly laid out so that the dentil spacing is uniform. This is generally done by the manufacturer in the shop drawings stage. Architectural fiberglass by Stromberg, Atlantis, Bahamas

Architectural fiberglass domes by Stromberg, Atlantis, Bahamas Architectural fiberglass domes by Stromberg, Atlantis, Bahamas

Dome A roof structure generally shaped like a segment of Domea sphere, - A roof but structure may also generally be polygon shaped like or ovala segment in plan. of a sphere, but may Largealso be GFRCpolygon (glass or oval fiber in plan. reinforced Large GFRC concrete) (glass fiber and reinforced GFRP concrete) and (architecturalGFRP (architectural fiberglass) fiberglass) domesdomes are are generally generally cast in piecast shaped in segments, pieand assembledshaped segments, on-site. Smaller and assembleddomes, generally on-site. less thanSmaller eight to 10 feet diameter, may be cast as one piece units, or in segments. If the dome is a domes,decorative generally element toless be than viewed eight from to the 10 ex feetterior diameter, only, the may roof is put in place, beand cast the domeas one placed piece above units, it. orSimilarly in segments. if the dome If theis to dome be viewed from the isinterior a decorative only, it may element be suspended to be viewedfrom the fromceiling the structure exterior above Dome it. If inthe GFRG only,domes theare to roof be viewed is put from in place,both the and interior the and dome the exterior placed than a double dome is required with insulation placed between the inner and outerDome dome. in GFRG above it. Similarly if the dome is to be viewed from Exterior glass reinforced concrete and architectural fiberglass domesDome may in GFRG be themolded interior smooth only, or textured, it may be with suspended ribs or even from with the moldedceiling in shape of roof structuretile, or glazed above mosaic it. tile.If the Interior domes domes are into GFRCbe viewed (glass fiberfrom reinforced bothconcrete) the andinterior GFRP and (architectural the exterior fiberglass) then a maydouble be smooth, dome ribbed, or coffered. In some applications both an exterior dome of GFRC or architectural isfiberglass, required and with an interior insulation dome placedof GFRG betweenor architectural the inner fiberglass are used. andBetween outer the dome. inner dome Exterior and outerglass dome,reinforced the dome concrete cavity mayand be insulated. architectural fiberglass domes may be molded smooth or textured, with ribs or even with the molded in shape of roof tile, or glazed mosaic tile. Interior domes in GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) may be smooth, ribbed, or coffered. In some applications both an exterior dome of GFRC or architectural fiberglass, and an interior dome of GFRG or architectural fiberglass are used. Between the inner dome and outer dome, the dome cavity may Interior GFRG domes be insulated. Interior GFRG domes

Door Surround - A structure or decorative element around the doorway. Stromberg ArchitecturalGFRC (glass Products fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904surrounds range from the simple [email protected] the very ornate and are used with every style of architecture.

Ventura Door Surround on office building. (Also shown is M30 banding, G29 balustrade and 24” diameter Corinthian ). The Ventura Surround is adjustable in size. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Door Surround - Doric Capital Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 27 Entry surround of M80 molding. DoorInterior Surround GFRG domes A structure or decorative element around the doorway. GFRCDoor Surround (glass fiber - A structurereinforced or decorativeconcrete) element and aroundGFRP the doorway. (architecturalGFRC (glass fiberfiberglass) reinforced door concrete)surrounds an ranged GFRP from (architectural the fiberglass) door simplesurrounds to the range very from ornate the and simple are used to the with very every ornate style and are used with every style of architecture.

Entry surround of M80 molding

Ventura Door Surround on office building (Also shown is M30 banding,Ventura G29 Door balustrade Surround and 24”on officediameter buildi Corinthianng. (Also columns.) shown is M30 banding, G29 Thebalustrade Ventura Surround and 24” is diameteradjustable inCorinthi size. an columns). The Ventura Surround is adjustable in size.

The Magnolia Door Surround Doric Capital features two columns () The top or capital of a or of the Doric and a angular . The size is order. adjustable.

The Magnolia Door Surround. Features two columns (pilasters) and a angular pediment. Size is adjustable. Stromberg Architectural Products www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904 [email protected] not part of the roof structure but are cast separately. Because the great variety of dormers, GFRC and GFRP dormers are generally custom-made for the needs of a specific project. Include such variations as the dormer, eyebrow dormer, Flathead dormer, hip dormer, Mission dormer, Palladian dormer, pointed dormer, random dormer, triangular dormer and through the cornice wall dormer.

not part of the roof structure but are cast separately. Because the great variety of dormers, GFRC and GFRP dormers are generally custom-made for the needs of a specific project. Include such variations as the arch dormer, eyebrow dormer, Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) andFlathead Glass dormer, Fiber Reinforcedhip dormer, Mission Polymer dormer, (GFRP) Palladian dormer, pointed dormer, random dormer, triangular dormer and through the cornice wall dormer. - Double Bellied Baluster Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 28

Doric Order The Doric Order is the oldest and simplest of the three Greek architectural orders and was invented by the Dorian Greeks. The Doric order is characterized by sturdy proportions and a simple capital. The columns are thicker relative to their height than in the other orders. The Greek Doric column is fluted and has no base. The Roman Doric is usually not fluted and has a base. The is deeper and visually heavier than that of either the Ionic or Corinthian Orders. Doric columns are available in GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) in a variety of standard sizes with shaft diameters typically in even shaftshaft diameters diameters typically typically in in even even numbered numbered increments increments (12(12 inch,inch, 1414 inch,inch, 1616 inch,inch, etc.).shaftnumbered diameters increments typically in even (12 numbered inch, increments14 inch, (1216 inch, inch, 14 inch,etc.) 16 inch, etc.).etc.). DoubleDouble Bellied bellied Baluster baluster - A baluster with two vase shaped “bellies” , the same DoubleA baluster bellied with baluster two - vase A baluster shaped with two “bellies,” vase shaped the “bellies” same , the same profileprofileprofile on the upperonon the andthe lower upper upper half. GFRC and and and lowerArchitectural half. half. Fiberglass GFRC GFRC balusters and and Architectural Fiberglass balusters areArchitecturalare available available in a large Fiberglass selection in a oflarge balusters standard selection profiles. are available of standard in a profiles. large selection of standard profiles.

Example of a double bellied baluster

Example of a double bellied baluster.

Dormer And architectural element which projects from a Double bellied balustrade sloping roof. Dormers usually contain a vertical DoubleDouble Lancet bellied balustrade - A window surround with two pointed Lancet window or louvers. GFRC side-by-side. Double bellied balustrade (glass fiber reinforced Example of a double bellied baluster. Double Lancet Window concrete) and GFRP A window surround with two pointed Lancet windows (architectural fiberglass) Double Lancet Window - A window surround with two pointed Lancet side-by-side. dormers are generally not windows side-by-side. part of the roof structure but are cast separately. Because the great variety of dormers, GFRC and GFRP dormers are generally custom-made for the needs of a specific project. Include such variations as the arch DormerDormerDormer - - And- And And architectural architectural architectural element element element whic whic whichh hprojects projects projects from from from aa aslopingsloping sloping roof.roof. roof. DormersDormersDormersdormer, usually usually usually eyebrow contain contain contain a adormer, vertical avertical vertical wind wind windFlatheadowowow or or or louvers. louvers. louvers. dormer, GFRCGFRC GFRC hip (glass(glass (glass dormer, fiberfiber fiber Double Lancet window reinforcedreinforced concrete) concrete) and and GFRP GFRP (architec (architecturaltural fiberglass) fiberglass) dormersdormers areare generallygenerally reinforcedMission concrete) dormer, and GFRP Palladian (architec dormer,tural fiberglass) pointed dormers dormer, are generally

random dormer, triangular dormer and through the Dowel - Cylindrical metal rod often used to secure two pieces of GFRC together, cornice wall dormer. or to secure GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) to another material. Dowels for GFRC are generally stainless steel or galvanized steel. Shown are typical dowel anchors for GFRC. Double Lancet window Stromberg ArchitecturalDouble Lancet Products window www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904 [email protected]

Dowel - Cylindrical metal rod often used to secure two pieces of GFRC together, or to secure GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) to another material. Dowels for GFRC are generally stainless steel or galvanized steel. Shown are typical dowel anchors for GFRC. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Dowel - Egyptian Revival Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 29

Dowel Cylindrical metal rod often used to secure two pieces of The underside of the part of the roof that projects GFRC together, or to secure GFRC (glass fiber reinforced beyond the exterior wall. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) to another material. Dowels for GFRC Eaves are Eavesconcrete) - The - undersideThe and underside GFRP of the of(architectural the part part of ofthe the roof fiberglass)roof that that projects projects eaves beyond may the the exterior exterior wall. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) generally stainless steel or galvanized steel. Shown wall.are GFRCbe coffered (glass fiberor plain. reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) eaves eavesmay bemay coffered be coffered or plain. or plain. typical dowel anchors for GFRC.

Highly ornamented eaves Highly ornamented eaves.

EggEgg andand Dart Dart molding Molding - An ornamental molding with a repeating pattern of HighlyeggAn ornamented shaped ornamental ornaments eaves. molding alternating with with a dart repeating shaped ornaments. pattern of egg shaped ornaments alternating with dart shaped Egg and Dart molding - An ornamental molding with a repeating pattern of egg shapedornaments. ornaments alternating with dart shaped ornaments.

Egg and dart molding GFRG

Egg and dart molding GFRG Egg and dart molding GFRG Egyptian Revival A style of architecture suggestive of the architecture Drip Molding of ancient Egypt. This architecture usually exhibits A horizontal molding over a door or window designed elements such as Lotus capitals, columns that bulge or to channel rainwater away from the wall surface and as that imitate papyrus stocks, Egyptian Gorge, winged a decorative element. sun discs, etc.

Drip molding - A horizontalStromberg molding Architectural over a door Products or window designed to www.4stromberg.comchannel rainwater away from the wall903.454.0904 surface and as a decorative [email protected] Egyptian revival - A style of architecture suggestive of the architecture of ancient Egypt. This architecture usually exhibits elements such as Lotus capitals, columns that bulge or that imitate papyrus stocks, Egyptian Gorge, winged sun discs, etc. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Egyptian Gorge - Engaged Column Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 30

Egyptian Gorge Also known as Egyptian cornice, cornice, Gorge-and-roll cornice. Consisting of a large cavetto molding (round concave molding continuing at least a quarter circle) sometimes decorated with vertical leaves, and a roll molding below.

Elizabethan Architecture An English style of architecture, it was the transitional style between and architecture.

Elliptical Arch Any arch having the shape of half an ellipse.

Egyptian Revival Columns and Capitals, Cheesecake Factory EgyptianRestaurant (GFRG) Revival Columns and Capitals, Cheesecake Factory Restaurant. GFRG

Engaged Column EngagedA column, attachedcolumn to a- wall.A column, GFRC (glass attached fiber to a wall. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete)reinforced concrete) and GFRP and GFRP (architectural (architectural fiberglass) fiberglass) engaged columns, may be half engaged columns, may be half round or three quarter roundround. or three quarter round.

Stromberg Architectural Products www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904 [email protected] Egyptian Gorge - Also known as Egyptian cornice, Cavetto cornice, Gorge-and- roll cornice. Consisting of a large cavetto molding (round concave molding continuing at least a quarter circle) sometimes decorated with vertical leaves, and a roll molding below.

Elizabethan architecture - An English style of architecture, it was the transitional style between Gothic architecture and .

Elliptical arch - Any arch having the shape of half an ellipse. Engaged column - A column, attached to a wall. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) engaged columns, may be half round or three Glassquarter Fiber Reinforced round. Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Entablature - Facade Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 31

Entasis A slight convex curve added to the tapered profile of classical columns. is used to overcome the optical illusion of concavity of straight sided shafts.

Entry Surround A door surround at the main entry to a home or building.

Entablature An entablature, is a horizontal band and molding supported by columns. or horizontally divided into three basic elements: the (the upper most portion;) the (the middle section,) and the cornice (the top section.) The proportions and details of an entablature are different depending on the order (Doric, Tuscan, Ionic, Corinthian or Composite.) Entry surround (the Ventura) by Stromberg GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP Entry surround (the Ventura) by Stromberg. Entablature - An entablature, is a horizontal band and molding supported by Equilateral Arch columns.(architectural Entablatures or horizontally fiberglass) divided into three entablatures basic elements: the may be cast as U architrave (the upper most portion); the frieze (the middle section), and the A pointed, centered arch whose radius of curvature is corniceshaped (the top section).sections The proportions to wrap and details a ofstructural an entablature are beam or be hollow Equilateral arch- A pointed, centered arch whose radius of curvature is equal different depending on the order (Doric, Tuscan, Ionic, Corinthian or equal to the width of the opening. Composite). GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural to the width of the opening. fiberglass)and featureentablatures may internal be cast as U shaped ribs sections for to wrap stiffening a structural or an internal beam or be hollow and feature internal ribs for stiffening or an internal steel frame.steel frame. Eyebrow Lintel Eyebrow lintel - A lintel over a door or window, with a slight arch to it. GFRC A lintel over a door or window, with a slight arch to it. (glass fiber reinforced concrete) eyebrow lintels may be designed to be structural GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) eyebrow lintels or nonstructural. may be designed to be structural or non structural.

FacadeFacade - The exterior skin of a building, which is considered to be the architecturalThe exterior skinface ofor a front. building, which is considered to be the architectural face or front.

Entablature Stromberg Architectural Products Entasis - A slightwww.4stromberg.com convex curve added to the tapered profile of classical columns. 903.454.0904 [email protected] Entasis is used to overcome the optical illusion of concavity of straight sided shafts.

Entry Surround - A door surround at the main entry to a home or building. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Federal Style - Finial Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 32

Fieldstone Construction of individual stones for walls and chimneys. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) field stone panels are available in a variety of stone types, colors and textures. GFRC and GFRP field stone panels allow for fast installation and quality workmanship.

Chico’s Facade Chico's Facade Federal Style FederalStyle architecture style - Style thatarchitecture developed that developed in the postcolonialin the postcolonial era in American. It was greatly influenced by the work of Robert Adam. constructedera in America. in the Federal It was style greatly may containfluencedin the following by the architectural work elements: Fieldstone panel for largeof Robert entrance Adam. , Buildings columns andconstructed pilasters, cornicein the with Federal moldings, quoins, festoons,style may , contain urns, the swags, following dentils architectural and egg and dart elements: moldings. Many GFRC “lighthouse” cast in GFRG (glass fiber (glasslarge fiberentrance reinforced porticos, concrete) columns and GFRP and (architectural pilasters, cornice fiberglass) elements are available as stock patterns or maybe custom fabricated in the Federal style. reinforced gypsum) with moldings, quoins, festoons, garlands, urns, swags, for interior use. Festoondentils and - The egg decoration and dart of moldings.suspended flowers, Many fruit, GFRC foliage, (glass ribbons, etc. Fieldstone panels foundfiber in thereinforced Beaux Arts Style, concrete) Colonial Revival,and AdamGFRP style (architectural and Federal style. could also be cast Alsofiberglass) known as elementsgarland or swag.are available as stock patterns or in architectural fiberglass or GFRC maybe custom fabricated in the Federal style. for exterior use.

Festoon Finial Fieldstone panel for “lighthouse” cast in GFRG (glass fiber reinforced gypsum) The decoration of suspended flowers, fruit, foliage, forAn interior use. Fieldstone that tops panels a could gate al so pier, be cast pinnacle, in architectural spire fiberglass or or ribbons, etc. found in the Beaux Arts Style, Colonial GFRCpediment. for exterior Typical use. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) Revival, Adam style and Federal style. Also known as Finialand GFRP - An ornament (architectural that tops afiberglass) gate pier, pinnacle, finials spire might or pediment. be urns, Typical or swag. GFRCpineapples, (glass fiber acorns, reinforced obelisks, concrete) an etc.d GFRP (architectural fiberglass) finials might be urns, pineapples, acorns, obelisks, etc.

Festoon plaque over window • Part of the restoration of North Texas State University Draped Urn finial Draped Urn finial Stromberg Architectural Products www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904 [email protected] Festoon plaque over window. Part of the restoration of North Texas State University. Fireplace Mantles - A shelf or entablature over a fireplace opening. Stromberg GFRC offers a selection of stock moldings and that are used as fireplace Fieldstone - Construction of individual stones for wallsmantles. and chimneys. Glass fiber reinforced GFRC concrete, being non combustible, is an ideal (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural materialfiberglass) for fireplace field mantels.stone panels are available in a variety of stone types, colors and textures. GFRC and GFRP field stone panels allow for fast installation and quality workmanship. Flat Keystone Arch - A flat arch or lintel with a keystone at the center.

Flat Keystone Arch - A flat arch or lintel with a keystone at the center. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Fireplace Mantles - Foil Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 33

FireplaceDraped Urn finial Mantles A shelf or entablature over a fireplace opening. Stromberg GFRC offers a selection of stock moldings and corbels that are used as fireplace mantles. Glass Fireplace Mantles - A shelf or entablature over a fireplace opening. Stromberg fiberGFRC offers reinforced a selection ofconcrete, stock moldings being and corbels non that combustible, are used as fireplace is an mantles. Glass fiber reinforced concrete, being non combustible, is an ideal idealmaterial material for fireplace formantels. fireplace mantels.

Fleur-de-lis Fireplace Surround Fluer-de-lisFrom the French - From word the French for “flower word for “flowerof the lily”.of the lily”.A stylized A stylized three- petaledthree-petaled iris flower iristied by flower an encircling tied band, by once an used encircling as the heraldic band, bearing of The frame around a fireplace opening. The surround the French royal family (chosen by Charles V), used on coats of arms and later consists of the side supports, which may be columns, usedonce by used English as kings the andheraldic royalty bearingAn ancient of emblem, the French the Empress royal Theodora engaged columns, pilasters, corbels, ancones or borefamily one on (chosen her crown by (approximately Charles V,) usedA.D. 527). on The coats three of “petals” arms of the fleur- Fluer-de-lisde-lisand laterhave alsoused - been From by used English the to French represent kings word theand for Holy royalty “flower Trinity. Anof the ancient lily”. A stylized three- Fireplacemoldings, surround and -the The frametop entablaturearound a fireplace or opening. shelf. The GRC surround is an petaled iris flower tied by an encircling band, once used as the heraldic bearing of consists of the side supports, which may be columns, engaged columns, pilasters, emblem, the Empress Theodora bore one on her crown corbels,excellent ancones choice or moldings, for andfireplace the top entablature surrounds or shelf. since GRC is anit is non the French royal family (chosen by Charles V), used on coats of arms and later excellentcombustible. choice for fireplace Glass surrounds fiber reinforcedsince it is non combustible. concrete Glass fireplace fiber used(approximately by English kings A.D. and 527.) royalty The An ancient three “petals” emblem, the of theEmpress Theodora reinforced concrete fireplace surrounds can be cast in a texture and color to borefleur-de-lis one on her have crown also (approximately been used to A.D. represent 527). The the three Holy “petals” of the fleur- replicatesurrounds cut stone can or castbe stone.cast in a texture and color to replicate de-lis have also been used to represent the Holy Trinity. cut stone or cast stone. Trinity.

Fluer-de-lis in architectural fiberglass

Fluer-de-lisFleur-de-lis in in architectural architectural fiberglass fiberglass Fluting - Shallow vertical grooves on a column or pilaster shaft. Fluting Shallow vertical grooves on a column or pilaster shaft. Fireplace Hearth FireplaceThe floor Hearth of - The floorthe of thefireplace fireplace opening. opening. GFRC fireplace GFRChearths fireplace Foil arehearths designed to are extend designed into the room to and extend the glass fiber into reinforced the room concrete and provides the non combustible material to protect the floor. From the French word “foil” the glass fiber reinforced concrete provides the non meaning “leaf”. A leaf-shaped combustible material to protect the floor. curve or lobe, formed between points called cusps inside an arch Flat Keystone Arch or circle. Used in Gothic style A flat arch or lintel with a keystone at the center. (continued on next page)

Foil - From the French word “foil” meaning “leaf”. A leaf-shaped curve or lobe, Stromberg Architectural Products formed between points called cusps inside an arch or circle. Used in Gothic style tracery windows. The number of foils is indicated by a prefix, e.g. trefoil (three www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904 [email protected]), quatrefoil (4 lobes), cinquefoil, sexfoil, multifoil. Found in Gothic and Gothic Revival Styles and others.

Quatrefoil medallion Fluting - Shallow vertical grooves on a column or pilaster shaft.

Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Foil - Garland Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 34

Foil - continued Gable tracery windows. The number of foils is indicated by Known as the pediment in . The a prefix, e.g. trefoil (three lobes,) quatrefoil (4 lobes,) gable is the triangular portion of the wall, between the Foilcinquefoil, - From the French sexfoil, word “foil” multifoil. meaning “leaf”. Found A leaf-shaped in curve Gothic or lobe, and enclosing lines of a sloping roof. Gable cornice in GFRC formed between points called cusps inside an arch or circle. Used in Gothic style Gable Window - A triangular window top that is shaped like a gable or traceryGothic windows. Revival The number Styles of foilsand is indicatedothers. by a prefix, e.g. trefoil (three (glass fiber reinforced concrete) or GFRP (architectural lobes), quatrefoil (4 lobes), cinquefoil, sexfoil, multifoil. Found in Gothic and pediment. Gothic Revival Styles and others. fiberglass) is the cornice that is used at the gable. Quatrefoil Medallion Gable Window Gargoyle - A figure, projecting from a building. A gargoyle may French Renaissance Style A triangular window top functionthat is shaped as a like waterspout a gable or or be purely decorative. Found in the Gothic, Queen The French version of pediment. Ann and Tudor Styles of architecture. GFRC and Architectural Fiberglass the Renaissance style, Gable Window - A triangulargargoyles window are top available that is shaped as stock like aand gable cust or om designs. Generally attached with the pediment. Gargoyle threaded rods. developed in early 15th A grotesque figure, projecting from a building. A century Italy and spread to Gargoylegargoyle may - A grotesque function as figure, a waterspout projecting or from be purelya building. A gargoyle may France during the rebirth functiondecorative. as a Found waterspout in the or be Gothic, purely Queen decorative. Ann Found and in the Gothic, Queen (rinascimento) of classical AnnTudor and Styles Tudor of Styles architecture. of architecture. GFRC and GFRC Architectural and Architectural Fiberglass art and architecture. gargoylesFiberglass aregargoyles available are as available stock and as custstockom and designs. custom Generally attached with Quatrefoil medallion Heavily influenced by ’s Treatise on threadeddesigns. Generally rods. attached with threaded rods. Architecture, originally written in the time of Augustus, and later published in in 1486. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) is uniquely suited to the replication of Renaissance style architectural elements. Renaissance style GFRC, columns,French capitals,Renaissance fireplace style - The French version of the Renaissance style, the architectural style developed in early 15th century Italy and spread to France mantles, balustrade, ceilings, gardenduring the urns rebirth and (rinascimento planters, ) of classical art and architecture. etc are available as stock patterns, or able to be custom Heavily influenced by Vitruvius’s Treatise on Architecture, originally written in produced. the time of Augustus, and later published in Rome in 1486. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) is uniquely suited to the replication of Renaissance style Folly architectural elements. Renaissance style GFRC, columns, capitals, fireplace mantles, balustrade, ceilings, garden urns and planters, etc are available as stock A term of endearment for a structurepatterns, that or able is functionally to be custom produced. Gargoyle in useless but designed for visualFolly interest - A termor effect, of endearment such as for a structure that is functionally useless but architectural a false ruin in a garden or a gazebodesigned that for visualis designed interest orto effect, such as a false ruin in a gardenGargoyle or a gazebo fiberglassin architectural (GFRP) fiberglass (GFRP) that is designed to complete a garden vista or scene. complete a garden vista or scene. Garland Gargoyle in architectural fiberglass (GFRP) Fret - A type of running ornamentA consisting decoration of repeated and of symmetrical Fret figures, often in relief, contained withsuspendedin a band flowers,or border. fruit,Old French: “fret” meaning grating. A type of running ornament consisting of repeated and foliage, ribbons, etc. symmetrical figures, often in Friezerelief, - containedThe middle sectionwithin of a the found entablature. in the Above Beaux the Artsarchitrave and below band or border. Old French: “fret”the cornice. meaning grating. Style, Colonial Revival, Adam style, Federal Frieze style and others. Also The middle section of the known as a festoon or entablature. Above the swag. Garland may be architrave and below the incorporated into GFRC cornice. (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) elements such as door Jungle Frieze in architectural heads, planters, panels, fiberglass. Siegfried and Roy Gargoylecartouches, Finial etc. in GFRC andGargoyle cast Finial stone in GFRC and cast Garden Mirage Las Vegas. Gargoylestone Finial in GFRC and cast stone Jungle FriezeStromberg in architectural Architectural fiberglass. Siegfried Products and Roy Garden Mirage Las Vegas www.4stromberg.com 903.454.0904 [email protected] Garland - A decoration of suspended flowers, fruit, foliage, ribbons, etc. found Gable - Known as the pediment in Classical architecture. The gable is the triangular portion of the wall, betweenin the the Beaux enclosing Arts lines Style, of a sloping Colonial roof. Revival, Gable Adam style, Federal style and others. cornice in GFRC (glass fiber reinforcAlsoed knownconcrete) as or aGFRP festoon (architectural orGarland swag. Garland - A decoration may be incorporated of suspended into GFRC flowers, (glass fruit, foliage, ribbons, etc. found fiberglass) is the cornice that is used at the gable. in the Beaux Arts Style, Colonial Revival, Adam style, Federal style and others. Also known as a festoon or swag. Garland may be incorporated into GFRC (glass Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) fiberGazebo reinforced - Gothic Revival concrete) and GFRPGlossary (archi of Architecturaltectural Terms fiberglass) elements such as Page 35 door heads, planters, panels, cartouches, etc. Gazebo A small garden house, normally round or polygonal A window or door surround with rusticated alternating Gazeboin plan, designed - A small for providing garden ahouse, view. GFRC normally (glass roundlarge and or smallpolygonal blocks in of plan, stone. designed Named after the forfiber providing reinforced a view. concrete) GFRC and (glass GFRP fiber (architectural reinforced Scottish architect concrete) James and Gibbs GFRP (1682-1754,) considered (architecturalfiberglass) gazebos fiberglass) typically gazebos feature typiGFRCcally columns, featureby many GFRCto be the columns, most influential a GFRC church or architect in a GFRC or Architectural Fiberglass entablature and London during the early 18th century. Architecturala GFRC or Architectural Fiberglass Fiberglass entablature dome or and roof. a GFRC or Architectural fiberglass dome orGazebos roof. areGazebos sometimes are referred sometimes to as a garden referred house to Gothicas a garden Architecture house or summerhouse. or summerhouse. The architectural style of the high middle ages in Western Europe. Typified by the great cathedrals, characterized by their flying buttresses, ribbed vaults, tracery, pointed , rose windows, etc.

Gothic Revival The style of architecture following the forms and spirit of Gothic architecture. GFRP (architectural fiberglass) andGothic GFRC architecture (glass fiber reinforced- The architectural concrete) style architectural of the high middle ages in elementsWestern Europe. for Gothic Typified revival by architecture the great ca includethedrals, GFRC characterized by their flying ashlarbuttresses, masonry, ribbed GFRP vaults, and tracery,GFRC battlements, pointed arches, decorative rose windows, etc. brackets,Gothic revival foliated - The ornaments, style of architecture finials, hood following moldings, the forms and spirit of pinnacles,Gothic architecture. Crockets, GFRP rose (architec windows,tural pointed fiberglass) arches, and GFRC (glass fiber quatrefoils,reinforced concrete) trefoils and architectural turrets. Gothic elements revival for chimneys Gothic revival architecture ofteninclude feature GFRC ashlar high, ornamentalmasonry, GFRP chimney and GFRC stacks battlements, and decorative brackets, foliated ornaments, finials, hood moldings, pinnacles, Crockets, rose chimney pots. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) windows, pointed arches, quatrefoils, trefoils and turrets. Gothic revival andchimneys GFRP often (architectural feature high, fiberglass) ornamental rose chimney windows stacks and and chimney pots. lancetGFRC (glasswindows fiber as reinforced well as various concrete) types an dof GFRP tracery (architectural are fiberglass) rose alsowindows produced, and lancet as well windows as glass as fiber well reinforcedas various typesconcrete of tracery are also Gothicproduced, columns, as well Gothicas glass arches fiber reinforced and even gargoyles.concrete gothic columns, gothic arches and even gargoyles.

Georgian Style GeorgianThe dominant Style style of - architecture The dominant in England style during of architecture in England during the 18th century,the 18th century, named named Georgian Georgian after after thethe reigns of of the three King Georges from 1714 to 1820.the three King Georges from 1714 to 1820. Inspired by the ideals of (1508-80)and Inspiredroman classical by the architecture ideals of popularized Andrea Palladio by Robert (1508-80)and roman classical architectureAdam (1728-1792). popularized In the USA, by Georgian Robert is Adam similar (1728-1792). In the USA, Georgian is to and is also referred to as Federal. In New England, similarColonial architectureto and is alsois also referred referred to toas “Georgian”.as Federal. In New England, Colonial architectureGFRC (glass fiber is also reinforced referred concrete) to as “Geo is rgian.”.uniquely GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete)suited to the isreplication uniquely of Georgian suited tostyle the architectural replication of Georgian style architectural elements,elements, including including Georgian Georgian style GFRC, style columns,GFRC, columns, capitals, fireplace mantles, cornice,capitals, fireplace entryways, mantles, window cornice, entryways,and door window surrounds, balustrade, ceilings, garden and door surrounds, balustrade, ceilings, garden urnsurns and and planters, planters, cupolas, cupolas, domes, domes, dormers, dormer quoins, s, quoins, porticos, keystones, etc. Gothic revival style facade in architectural fiberglass Gibbsporticos, Surroundkeystones, etc. - A window or door surroundGothic revivalwith stylerusticated façade in alternatingarchitectural fiberglass large and small blocks of stone. NamedStromberg after Architectural the Scottish Products architect (1682- Grapevine - A type of ornament either running or enclosed usually consisting 1754),www.4stromberg.com considered by many to be the most903.454.0904 influentialof the grape vinechurch with leaves, architect [email protected] clus inters London of grapes. Used as a decorative during the early 18th century. element for and interior moldings. Greek key - Also known as Greek fret. A running ornament that resembles the head of an old-fashioned skeleton key, and usually formed bands and moldings arranged in rectangular forms. The Greek key pattern is frequently used in GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) cornice, molding and door surrounds in the Greek revival style. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Grapevine - Hearth Glossary of Architectural Terms Page 36

Grapevine Guilloche A type of ornament either running or enclosed usually Type of ornament consisting of circular openings created consisting of the grape vine with leaves, and clusters of by two or more curved bands overlapping each other grapes. Used as a decorative element for cornices and in a continuous series. Guilloche details in GFRC and interior moldings. Architectural Fiberglass are generally used in cornice, banding or moldings. Greek Key Also known as Greek fret. A running ornament that Half Baluster resembles the head of an old-fashioned skeleton key, When a balustrade connects to a wall, pier or plinth, a and usually formed bands and moldings arranged in half baluster may be used. Also known as an engaged rectangular forms. The Greek key pattern is frequently baluster. used in GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) cornice, molding and Half Column door surrounds in the Greek revival style. Column that is engaged to wall projects from the wall by about one half its diameter. GFRC (glass fiber Greek Revival Style reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) Style architecture based on ancient Greek forms in half columns are available in all of the classical orders architecture such as the Greek orders (Doric, Ionic and (Doric, Tuscan, Ionic, Corinthian) is will is custom Corinthian). Buildings in the Greek revival style were column styles and sizes. generally rectangular in shape or a combination of rectangles. GFRC and Architectural Fiberglass elements Head produced the Greek revival style include raked cornice, The head is the top horizontal cross member of a door, classical , anthemion, dentils and egg and window, fireplace surround or other opening. Window dart molding. Greek revival style columns in GFRC Headand - Thedoor head heads is the top in horizontal GFRC croandss member Architectural of a door, window, Fiberglass fireplace (glass fiber and first concrete) and GFRP (Architectural surroundmay be or otherplain opening. or ornamented. Window and door heads in GFRC and Architectural Greek revival style - Style architecture based on ancient Greek forms in Fiberglass may be plain or ornamented. architecture suchFiberglass) as the Greek include orders round (Doric, or Ionic square and columns Corinthian). especially Buildings in the Greek revivalDoric style columns, were generally Ionic re columnsctangular and in shape Corinthian or a combination columns. of rectangles. GFRCGreek and Architectural revival style Fi berglass entryways elements in GFRC produced (glass the Greek fiber revival style includereinforced raked cornice,concrete) classi andcal GFRP pediments, (architectural anthemion, fiberglass) dentils and egg and dart molding.generally Greek wide revival and imposingstyle columns and in framed GFRC (glassby pilasters fiber and or first concrete) and GFRP (Architectural Fiberglass) include round or square columns especially Doricengaged columns, columns. Ionic columns and Corinthian columns. Greek revival style entryways in GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass)Grille generally wide and imposing and framed by pilasters or engaged columns.A grating or pierced panel, used to cover, decorate Grille - A gratingor protector pierced an panel, opening. used to GFRCcover, decorate (glass fiber or protect reinforced an opening. GFRC (glass fiberconcrete) reinforced and concrete) GFRP an (architecturald GFRP (architectural fiberglass) fiberglass) grilles grilles (or grills) can be(or produced grills) canin a variety be produced of sizes and in ashapes. variety of sizes and shapes.

Groin Vault Formed by two barrel vaults intersecting. The groin is the Hearth edge or ridge where the two HearthThe part- The part of of the the fireplace floor that floor extends intothat the room.extends GFRC into(glass the fiber reinforced concrete) being noncombustible, makes an ideal material for a vaults intersect. GFRC (glass fireplaceroom. hearth. GFRC When used (glass as a fiberhearth, glass reinforced fiber reinforced concrete)concrete is being fiber reinforced concrete) being typicallynoncombustible, cast solid or has ribbing makes added an toideal the underside. material The for hearth a fireplace is buttered full with mortar, and is set in a full mortar bed. hearth. When used as a hearth, glass fiber reinforced relatively light and moldable, is Hearthstone - The stone or stone like part of the fireplace floor that extends a perfectly suitable material for intoconcrete the room. isSynonymous typically with cast hearth solid although or hasa hearthstone ribbing typically added refers to tothe a one underside. piece stone or The(GFRC) hearth hearth. Whenis buttered used as a hearth,full with glass fibermortar, the production of barrel vaults reinforced concrete is typically cast solid or has ribbing added to the underside. and groined vaults. Theand hearth is setis buttered in a fullfull with mortar mortar bed., and is set in a full mortar bed. High relief - A type of bas-relief were the sculpted or molded figures project to Groined vault - Formed by two barrel vaults intersecting.Stromberg The groin is Architectural the edgea larger degree Products from the background plane. Also known as alto-relievo. For the or ridge where the twowww.4stromberg.com vaults intersect. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete)903.454.0904reproduction of bas-relief in glass fiber [email protected] concrete or architectural being relatively light and moldable, is a perfectly suitable material for the fiberglass, a model is produced in clay, wood or plaster. A mold is then made using silicone rubber and a hard shell of fiberglass. Once the mold is removed production of barrel vaults and groined vaults. from the model, the GFRC or Architectural Fiberglass are cast. Depending on the Guilloche - Type of ornament consisting of circular openings created by twosize or of the glass fiber reinforced concrete or GFRP bas relief, a metal armature on the interior, generally galvanized or stainless steel, may be cast in. The casting is more curved bands overlapping each other in a continuous series. Guilloche details in GFRC and Architectural Fiberglass are generally used in cornice, banding or moldings. Half Baluster - When a balustrade connects to a wall, pier or plinth, a half baluster may be used. Also known as an engaged baluster. Half column - Column that is engaged to wall projects from the wall by about one half its diameter. GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) and GFRP (architectural fiberglass) half columns are available in all of the classical orders (Doric, Tuscan, Ionic, Corinthian) is will is custom column styles and sizes.