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Table of Contents A: SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS B: WATER LEVEL FLUCTUATION AND GEOLOGICAL CROSS SECTION IN THE HAOUZ PLAIN C: CLIMATE, HYDROLOGY AND SURFACE WATER RESOURCES D: IRRIGATION E: SEWERAGE AND WATER QUALITY F: WATER USERS ASSOCIATIONS AND FARM HOUSEHOLD SURVEY G: GROUNDWATER MODELLING H: STAKEHOLDER MEETINGS - i - A: SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS Table of Contents A: SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS A.1 Social and Economic Conditions of the Country ------------------------------------------ A - 1 A.1.1 Administration------------------------------------------------------------------------- A - 1 A.1.2 Social Conditions ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A - 1 A.1.3 Economic Conditions----------------------------------------------------------------- A - 2 A.1.4 National Development Plan ------------------------------------------------------------ A - 3 A.1.5 Privatization and Restructuring of Public Utilities ------------------------------- A - 5 A.1.6 Environmental Policies--------------------------------------------------------------- A - 6 A.2 Socio-Economic Conditions in the Study Area -------------------------------------------- A - 8 A.2.1 Social and Economic Situations----------------------------------------------------- A - 8 A.2.2 Agriculture ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- A - 9 A.2.3 Tourism--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A - 11 A.2.4 Other Industries----------------------------------------------------------------------- A - 12 Tables Table A.2.1 Population of the Study Area ------------------------------------------------------ A - 13 Table A.2.2 Industrial Production by Sector --------------------------------------------------- A - 13 Table A.2.3 Land Use of ORMVAH and DPA Managed Area------------------------------ A - 13 Table A.2.4 Legal status of Lands in the Study Area (SAU in ha)-------------------------- A - 13 Table A.2.5 Agricultural Surface and Production in the Study Area ----------------------- A - 14 Table A.2.6 Number of Livestock and Traction Animals in the Study Area -------------- A - 14 Table A.2.7 Number of AUEA in the Zone of Action of the ORMVAH, the DPA Marrakech and Chichaoua ---------------------------------------------- A - 14 Table A.2.8 Agro-industry Establishments ----------------------------------------------------- A - 15 Table A.2.9 Tourist Nights Spent in Hotels ---------------------------------------------------- A - 15 Table A.2.10 Accommodations by Class--------------------------------------------------------- A - 15 Table A.2.11 Bed Capacity by Accommodation Class----------------------------------------- A - 15 Table A.2.12 Occupancy Rate of Hotels --------------------------------------------------------- A - 15 Table A.2.13 Mining Production ------------------------------------------------------------------ A - 16 Figures Figure A.2.1 Farm Scale by Area and Number of Farms in the Study Area (ORMVAH Zone)------------------------------------------------------------------- A - 17 A: SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS A.1 Social and Economic Conditions of the Country A.1.1 Administration (1) General Morocco is divided into 16 regions, and subdivided into 62 prefectures/provinces, 162 districts and 1,497 communes. Central and local government administrations can be summarized as follows: Central and Local Government Administrations Level of Head of Administration Congress Administration Central Government Prime Minister, Ministers, Cabinet National Assembel Region Wali Regional Council Province Provincial (Prefectura) Governor Prefecture Councile Cercle Super Caid Municipality Bacha Municipality Council Caid Commune Rural Commune) Douar, Ksar Mqdem Traditional Autonomy (2) Central Level Administration The Parliament consists of an upper house or Chamber of Counselors (270 seats; members elected indirectly by local councils, professional organizations, and labor syndicates for nine-year terms; 1/3 of the members are renewed every three years) and a lower house or Chamber of Representatives (325 seats; 295 by multi-seat constituencies and 30 from national lists of women; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms) After the 2002 Parliamentary elections, reformation of the ministries was implemented at the central government level. At present, there are 21 ministries. (3) Local Level Administration In Morocco, the local government administrative subdivisions are prefectures and provinces, and they are supervised by the Ministry of Interior, also each chief of administration are appointed by the Minister of Interior. They are subdivisions of the Regions of Morocco. Each prefecture and province are subdivided into districts (cercles, sing. cercle), municipalities (communes, sing. commune) or urban municipalities (communes urbaines, sing. commune urbaine), and arrondissements in some metropolitan areas. The districts are subdivided into rural municipalities (communes rurales, sing. commune rural). The municipalities and arrondissements should probably be thought of as fourth-level subdivisions, on the same level as the rural municipalities. A.1.2 Social Conditions The Kingdom of Morocco is a country of constitutional monarchy, known as the Maghreb, and it is the most westerly of the North African countries. Strategically situated with both Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines, Morocco is just 14 km from Europe, across the Strait of Gibraltar. Most A - 1 people live in the west of the Atlas Mountains, a range that insulates the country from the Sahara Desert. Casablanca is the center of commerce and industry, and the leading port; Rabat is the seat of government; Tangier is the gateway to Spain and also the major port; "Arab" Fes is the cultural and religious center; and "Berber" Marrakech is the major tourist center. The total population of Morocco is 29,892 thousand in 2004 (Annuaire Statistique du Maroc 2005, HCP, 2006). Most Moroccans are Sunni Muslims of Arab, Berber, or mixed Arab-Berber stock. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7th and 11th centuries and established their culture there. Most of the 100 thousand foreign residents are French or Spanish. Annual growth rate of population is 1.4% in 2004 though the increase rate tends to decrease in recent years. An average of annual increase rate of these 10 years is 2.1% in the urban areas while the population in the rural areas is almost a level-off (an average of annual increase rate 0.6%), and the concentration of the population from the rural areas to the urban areas is remarkable. It is considered that the social infrastructures such as education, health, etc. and the economic infrastructures such as transportation, communication, etc. to concentrate on the urban areas, and to have expanded the socio-economic difference with the rural areas. Moreover, the population inflow from the rural areas to the urban areas becomes remarkable in year when the influence of drought is received, and social unrest has been brought. Therefore, the Moroccan government is working for correction of regional gap between rural areas and urban areas as one of the emphasis problems. On the other hand, the population of less than 20 years old accounts for 42% of the whole, and the problems of the education and employment will be worried about in the future. Classical Arabic is Morocco's official language, but the country's distinctive Arabic dialect is the most widely spoken language in Morocco. In addition, about 10 million Moroccans, mostly in rural areas, speak Berber which is consisted of three different dialects (Tarifit, Tashelhit and Tamazight) either as a first language or bilingually with the spoken Arabic dialect. French, which remains Morocco's unofficial third language, is taught universally and still serves as Morocco's primary language of commerce and economics; it also is widely used in education and government. Many Moroccans in the northern part of the country speak Spanish. English is rapidly becoming the foreign language of choice among educated youth while still far behind French and Spanish in terms of number of speakers. English is taught in all public schools from the fourth year on. A.1.3 Economic Conditions Morocco has rich resources, including the world's largest phosphate reserves, a large tourist industry and growing manufacturing sector. However, agriculture remains as the backbone of the economy. Tourism revenues, depressed by post-9/11 fears of terrorism and the May 2003 Casablanca bombings, recovered by early 2004. King Mohammed VI has encouraged political and economic reform, the expansion of civil rights, and the elimination of corruption. The 2002 appointment of Prime Minister Driss Jettou bolstered prospects for free-market reforms, privatization, enhancement of the private sector, and liberalization of social laws. During 2004, the government also sold some of its shares in the state telecommunications company and the largest state-owned bank. The various agreements of free trade that Morocco ratified with its principal economic partners like the Euro-Mediterranean free trade area agreement with the European Union with the objective of integrating the European Free Trade Association at the horizons of 2012; the Agadir Agreement, signed with Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia, within the framework of the installation of the Arab Zone of Free Exchange; the US-Morocco Free Trade Agreement with USA which came into force in January 1, A - 2 2006 and lately the agreement of free
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