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The Twisted-Pair Telephone Transmission Line
High Frequency Design From November 2002 High Frequency Electronics Copyright © 2002, Summit Technical Media, LLC TRANSMISSION LINES The Twisted-Pair Telephone Transmission Line By Richard LAO Sumida America Technologies elephone line is a This article reviews the prin- balanced twisted- ciples of operation and Tpair transmission measurement methods for line, and like any electro- twisted pair (balanced) magnetic transmission transmission lines common- line, its characteristic ly used for xDSL and ether- impedance Z0 can be cal- net computer networking culated from manufactur- ers’ data and measured on an instrument such as the Agilent 4395A (formerly Hewlett-Packard HP4395A) net- Figure 1. Lumped element model of a trans- work analyzer. For lowest bit-error-rate mission line. (BER), central office and customer premise equipment should have analog front-end cir- cuitry that matches the telephone line • Category 3: BWMAX <16 MHz. Intended for impedance. This article contains a brief math- older networks and telephone systems in ematical derivation and and a computer pro- which performance over frequency is not gram to generate a graph of characteristic especially important. Used for voice, digital impedance as a function of frequency. voice, older ethernet 10Base-T and commer- Twisted-pair line for telephone and LAN cial customer premise wiring. The market applications is typically fashioned from #24 currently favors CAT5 installations instead. AWG or #26 AWG stranded copper wire and • Category 4: BWMAX <20 MHz. Not much will be in one of several “categories.” The used. Similar to CAT5 with only one-fifth Electronic Industries Association (EIA) and the bandwidth. the Telecommunications Industry Association • Category 5: BWMAX <100 MHz. -
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Technologies
CHAPTER21 Chapter Goals • Identify and discuss different types of digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies. • Discuss the benefits of using xDSL technologies. • Explain how ASDL works. • Explain the basic concepts of signaling and modulation. • Discuss additional DSL technologies (SDSL, HDSL, HDSL-2, G.SHDSL, IDSL, and VDSL). Digital Subscriber Line Introduction Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) technology is a modem technology that uses existing twisted-pair telephone lines to transport high-bandwidth data, such as multimedia and video, to service subscribers. The term xDSL covers a number of similar yet competing forms of DSL technologies, including ADSL, SDSL, HDSL, HDSL-2, G.SHDL, IDSL, and VDSL. xDSL is drawing significant attention from implementers and service providers because it promises to deliver high-bandwidth data rates to dispersed locations with relatively small changes to the existing telco infrastructure. xDSL services are dedicated, point-to-point, public network access over twisted-pair copper wire on the local loop (last mile) between a network service provider’s (NSP) central office and the customer site, or on local loops created either intrabuilding or intracampus. Currently, most DSL deployments are ADSL, mainly delivered to residential customers. This chapter focus mainly on defining ADSL. Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) technology is asymmetric. It allows more bandwidth downstream—from an NSP’s central office to the customer site—than upstream from the subscriber to the central office. This asymmetry, combined with always-on access (which eliminates call setup), makes ADSL ideal for Internet/intranet surfing, video-on-demand, and remote LAN access. Users of these applications typically download much more information than they send. -
Introduction to Digital Subscriber's Line (DSL) Chapter 2 Telephone
Introduction to Digital Subscriber’s Line (DSL) Professor Fu Li, Ph.D., P.E. © Chapter 2 Telephone Infrastructure · Telephone line dates back to Bell in 1875 · Digital Transmission technology using complex algorithm based on DSP and VLSI to compensate impairments common to phone lines. · Phone line carries the single voice signal with 3.4 KHz bandwidth, DSL conveys 100 Compressed voice signals or a video signals. 1 · 15% phones require upgrade activities. · Phone company spent approximately 1 trillion US dollars to construct lines; · 700 millions are in service in 1997, 900 millions by 2001. · Most lines will support 1 Mb/s for DSL and many will support well above 1Mb/s data rate. Typical Voice Network 2 THE ACCESS NETWORK • DSL is really an access technology, and the associated DSL equipment is deployed in the local access network. • The access network consists of the local loops and associated equipment that connects the service user location to the central office. • This network typically consists of cable bundles carrying thousands of twisted-wire pairs to feeder distribution interfaces (FDIs). Two primary ways traditionally to deal with long loops: • 1.Use loading coils to modify the electrical characteristics of the local loop, allowing better quality voice-frequency transmission over extended distances (typically greater than 18,000 feet). • Loading coils are not compatible with the higher frequency attributes of DSL transmissions and they must be removed before DSL-based services can be provisioned. 3 Two primary ways traditionally to deal with long loops • 2. Set up remote terminals where the signals could be terminated at an intermediate point, aggregated and backhauled to the central office. -
CALRAD 70 Series - Telephone Accessories
CALRAD 70 series - telephone accessories CALRAD’S NEW TELEPHONE HEADSETS HANDS FREE TELEPHONE HEADSETS Calrad’s telephone headsets help reduce phone fatigue and provides hands-free convenience for working on computer data entry, taking notes, and in fact do the work you need to do and talk on the phone at the same time. Adjustable volume control, telephone/headset selection switch, voice mute button. All units come with base unit, headset, and cables. 70-600 TELEPHONE LINE POWERED This unit works directly when connected to your telephone. Requires two AA batteries, not included. 70-601 BATTERY POWERED This unit works with most home type instruments. A selectable configuration switch is provided on the side of the unit for easy interfacing to your telephone equipment. This unit connects to your handset jack on the telephone. Two AA batteries not included. 70-602 BATTERY / DC POWERED This unit works with most business type instruments. A selectable configuration switch is provided on the side of the unit for easy interfacing to your telephone equipment. This unit easily connects to your handset jack on the telephone. A small opening on the front of the unit is provided so that a small phillips screwdriver can be used to adjust the microphone gain. Two AA batteries/AC adapter not included. AC adapter is 45-756-S. FLUSH MOUNT, SINGLE-JACK FLUSH MOUNT, MODULAR WALL PLATES DECORA STYLE For new construction or conversion to modular instruments. Screw terminals. MODULAR WALL PLATES 70-403 ..................................................4-Wire, Ivory Wall plates designed to accept 70-403-W ..........................................4-Wire, White modular plugs. -
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FEDERAL REGULATION AND COMPETITIVE ACCESS TO MULTIPLE-UNIT PREMISES: MORE CHOICE IN COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES? LYNNE HOLT* & MARK JAMISON** I. INTRODUCTION The nature of competition in the United States’ communications sector changed significantly over the past two decades. Before the 1990s, ‘‘competition’’ referred to the fight among providers of discrete services, such as the contest among AT&T, MCI, and Sprint over the long- distance slice of the communications pie. Today, competition is much more likely to describe the fight over the entire pie, among firms offering a ‘‘triple play’’ of services----high-speed Internet service, video, and t e l e p h o n y ----over a single broadband platform. Some firms recently expanded the pie with a ‘‘quadruple play’’ that includes wireless services as well. Cable operators, traditional wireline telephone companies, and, increasingly, wireless providers are competing to offer consumers both the underlying broadband platform and various bundled services that ride across it. However, not all consumers benefit from this competition in like manner.1 Public policy deliberations tend to focus more on differences in access to communications services either between consumers in rural and * Dr. Lynne Holt, Policy Analyst, Public Utility Research Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7142, [email protected]. ** Dr. Mark A. Jamison, Director, Public Utility Research Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7142, [email protected]. The authors appreciate the review by Mr. William Cox, Able Band Chartered, and his suggestions for improving an earlier version of this paper. 1. For example, the staff of the New York Public Service Commission found differences between geographic areas in terms of the competitive alternatives that customers enjoyed. -
Analog Access to the Telephone Network
Telecommunications Telephony Analog Access to the Telephone Network Courseware Sample 32964-F0 Order no.: 32964-00 First Edition Revision level: 01/2015 By the staff of Festo Didactic © Festo Didactic Ltée/Ltd, Quebec, Canada 2001 Internet: www.festo-didactic.com e-mail: [email protected] Printed in Canada All rights reserved ISBN 978-2-89289-541-4 (Printed version) Legal Deposit – Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec, 2001 Legal Deposit – Library and Archives Canada, 2001 The purchaser shall receive a single right of use which is non-exclusive, non-time-limited and limited geographically to use at the purchaser's site/location as follows. The purchaser shall be entitled to use the work to train his/her staff at the purchaser's site/location and shall also be entitled to use parts of the copyright material as the basis for the production of his/her own training documentation for the training of his/her staff at the purchaser's site/location with acknowledgement of source and to make copies for this purpose. In the case of schools/technical colleges, training centers, and universities, the right of use shall also include use by school and college students and trainees at the purchaser's site/location for teaching purposes. The right of use shall in all cases exclude the right to publish the copyright material or to make this available for use on intranet, Internet and LMS platforms and databases such as Moodle, which allow access by a wide variety of users, including those outside of the purchaser's site/location. -
PS-102 Dominic Ruggiero New Developments in FTTH
PS-102 Dominic Ruggiero New Developments in FTTH 2012 FTTH Conference & Expo: The Future Is Now – Dallas, Texas New Developments in FTTH Dominic Ruggiero-FTTH System Engineer Multicom, Inc 1076 Florida Central Parkway, Longwood FL 32750 [email protected] (800) 423-2594 (407)-331-7779 Table of Contents Introduction 3 PON Systems 4-5 Next Gen Networks 6 User Applications 7 Conclusion 8 New Developments in FTTH- Dominic Ruggiero 2012 FTTH Conference & Expo: The Future Is Now – Dallas, Texas Introduction It's been almost three decades in the making, but fiber to the home (FTTH) is finally emerging into the mainstream and is set to transform the telecom environment worldwide over the next decade. FTTH represents the first major upgrade to the access network since the deployment of cellular infrastructure in the 80s and 90s, and like cellular, it is likely to have a deep impact on the entire supply chain, including technology vendors and network operators. Over the next 15 to 20 years, copper access networks worldwide will be largely replaced by a fiber access network, creating massive opportunities for vendors, network builders, and service providers. The most important catalyst for this change is a growing perception that copper access networks will soon no longer be able to meet the ever- growing consumer demand for bandwidth, driven mainly by the Internet, IP, and the many services running over it. At the same time, competition to move customers onto complex service packages that include video is leading some to conclude that they must be first to deploy fiber, pre-empting or frustrating future competition. -
Open Access Networks and National Broadband Plans: Tales from Down
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Beltrán, Fernando Conference Paper Open access networks and national broadband plans: Tales from down 19th Biennial Conference of the International Telecommunications Society (ITS): "Moving Forward with Future Technologies: Opening a Platform for All", Bangkok, Thailand, 18th-21th November 2012 Provided in Cooperation with: International Telecommunications Society (ITS) Suggested Citation: Beltrán, Fernando (2012) : Open access networks and national broadband plans: Tales from down, 19th Biennial Conference of the International Telecommunications Society (ITS): "Moving Forward with Future Technologies: Opening a Platform for All", Bangkok, Thailand, 18th-21th November 2012, International Telecommunications Society (ITS), Calgary This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/72525 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. -
Citizens Construction Guidelines
Construction Guidelines for Providing Communications Services TABLE OF CONTENTS Residential Home Wiring...................................................................................................................................Page 3 Pre-Construction Checklist........................................................................................................Page 4 Line Extensions..............................................................................................................................Page 4 Mobile Home Parks Basic Requirements......................................................................................................................Page 5 Subdivisions/Parcel Divisions Basic Requirements......................................................................................................................Page 6 Trenching Basic Requirements......................................................................................................................Page 7 Examples of How Citizens Handles Buried Telecommunication Drop Applications Example A........................................................................................................................................Page 8 Example B.........................................................................................................................................Page 8 Customer Responsibilities for Communication Facilities on Drop Applications Multi-Residential and Commercial Service Requirements............................................Page -
User's Manual
User’s manual ML17928 Two-line corded telephone with caller ID/call waiting Congratulations on purchasing your new AT&T product. Before using this AT&T product, please read Important safety information on page 49 of this user’s manual. Please thoroughly read the user’s manual for all the feature operations and troubleshooting information you need to install and operate your new AT&T product. You can also visit our website at www.telephones.att.com or call 1 (800) 222-3111. In Canada, dial 1 (866) 288-4268. Model number: ML17928 Type: Two-line corded telephone with caller ID/call waiting Serial number: ________________________________________________________ Purchase date: ________________________________________________________ Place of purchase: Both the model and serial numbers of your AT&T product can be found on the bottom of the telephone base. Telephones identified with this logo have reduced noise and interference when used with most T-coil equipped hearing aids and cochlear implants. The TIA-1083 Compliant Logo is a trademark of the Telecommunications Industry Association. Used under license. Clearspeak® is a registered trademark of Advanced American Telephones. © 2011-2017 Advanced American Telephones. All Rights Reserved. AT&T and the AT&T logo are trademarks of AT&T Intellectual Property licensed to Advanced American Telephones, San Antonio, TX 78219. Printed in China. Parts checklist Your telephone package contains the following items. Save your sales receipt and original packaging in the event warranty service is necessary. -
Telecom Acronym Guide
Telecom Acronym Guide Fourth Edition Telecom Acronym Guide Fourth Edition Numerics ACAC Actual Call Admission Control 2F Two-fiber ACEG Alternating Current Equipment Ground 10 GbE 10 Gigabit Ethernet ACK Acknowledge 10 GFC 10 Gigabit Fibre Channel (Same as FC1200) ACL Active Control List; Access Control List 100G 100 Gigabits ACO Alarm Cutoff 16-QAM 16 (points) Quadrature Amplitude Modulation ACQ Acquire 3D Three-dimensional ACR Allowed Cell Rate 3G Third Generation ACS Automatic Channel Shutdown; Alarm Correlation and Suppression 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project ACSE Association Control Service Element 40G 40 Gigabits ACSS Automatic Channel Shutdown Suppression; 4C Consortium of Intel, IBM, Matsushita, and Toshiba Automatic Channel Shutdown State 4F Four-fiber ACT Active 4G Fourth Generation ADC Analog-to-Digital Converter; Add/Drop Coupler 5C Consortium of Intel, Sony, Matsushita, Toshiba, ADI Asset Distribution Interface and Hitachi ADM Add/Drop Multiplexer 5G Fifth Generation ADP Actual Departure Potential; Automatic A Data Processing ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line A/D Analog-to-digital ADT Actual Departure Time; Automatic AAL ATM Adaptation Layer Data Transmission AAL0 ATM Adaptation Layer Type 0 AE Automation Engine; Automation Environment A AL1 ATM Adaptation Layer Type 1 AES Advanced Encryption Standard; AAL2 ATM Adaptation Layer 2 Transport Application Environment Specific AAL3/4 ATM Adaptation Layer Types 3 and 4 AESA ATM End System Address; ATM End Station AAL5 ATM Adaptation Layer 5 Address ABR Available Bit -
ATA and Evolving Terminology
Select Engineered Systems Field Bulletin: December 2013 ATA and Evolving Terminology As the Cable industry (CATV) has evolved from Analog/RF to digital transmission methods, addition- al services such as Internet access and Telephony, are being offered to customers. SES is primarily interested in Telephony as it affects our products. The first attempts to integrate telephony into Ca- ble equipment used discrete devices called ATAs (Analog to Telephone Adapters). ATAs convert and digitize analog voice signals for transmission to the Cable Plant and also provide the voltages and signals expected by most phone equipment. These were usually proprietary to a specific Cable Plant operation and varied widely from one CATV operator to another. Below left, is a typical example of a discrete ATA: As the Cable industry (CATV) continued to evolve, ATA circuitry became incorporated into what are known as: Cable Modems. This simplified both installation and operation and in many markets, this technology came to replace standard analog telephone equipment. In the example (above right) is a Cable Modem offering TV hookup, Internet Service, (through an Ethernet connector) and Phone ser- vice through RJ11 jacks. Therefore, what is typically thought of as an “ATA” is now incorporated directly into the CATV operator-provided equipment. Recently, Service Providers have moved away from the more generic term ATA in favor of marketing specific terms for the equipment they lease or provide. One such example is ComCast’s XFINITY system, which has various components depend- ing on the features desired. Features and accessory components may vary widely around the coun- try. The component used for telephone service is currently called an “eMTA” for embedded MultiMedia Terminal Adapter and some other examples are shown below.