Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)
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The Twisted-Pair Telephone Transmission Line
High Frequency Design From November 2002 High Frequency Electronics Copyright © 2002, Summit Technical Media, LLC TRANSMISSION LINES The Twisted-Pair Telephone Transmission Line By Richard LAO Sumida America Technologies elephone line is a This article reviews the prin- balanced twisted- ciples of operation and Tpair transmission measurement methods for line, and like any electro- twisted pair (balanced) magnetic transmission transmission lines common- line, its characteristic ly used for xDSL and ether- impedance Z0 can be cal- net computer networking culated from manufactur- ers’ data and measured on an instrument such as the Agilent 4395A (formerly Hewlett-Packard HP4395A) net- Figure 1. Lumped element model of a trans- work analyzer. For lowest bit-error-rate mission line. (BER), central office and customer premise equipment should have analog front-end cir- cuitry that matches the telephone line • Category 3: BWMAX <16 MHz. Intended for impedance. This article contains a brief math- older networks and telephone systems in ematical derivation and and a computer pro- which performance over frequency is not gram to generate a graph of characteristic especially important. Used for voice, digital impedance as a function of frequency. voice, older ethernet 10Base-T and commer- Twisted-pair line for telephone and LAN cial customer premise wiring. The market applications is typically fashioned from #24 currently favors CAT5 installations instead. AWG or #26 AWG stranded copper wire and • Category 4: BWMAX <20 MHz. Not much will be in one of several “categories.” The used. Similar to CAT5 with only one-fifth Electronic Industries Association (EIA) and the bandwidth. the Telecommunications Industry Association • Category 5: BWMAX <100 MHz. -
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Technologies
CHAPTER21 Chapter Goals • Identify and discuss different types of digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies. • Discuss the benefits of using xDSL technologies. • Explain how ASDL works. • Explain the basic concepts of signaling and modulation. • Discuss additional DSL technologies (SDSL, HDSL, HDSL-2, G.SHDSL, IDSL, and VDSL). Digital Subscriber Line Introduction Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) technology is a modem technology that uses existing twisted-pair telephone lines to transport high-bandwidth data, such as multimedia and video, to service subscribers. The term xDSL covers a number of similar yet competing forms of DSL technologies, including ADSL, SDSL, HDSL, HDSL-2, G.SHDL, IDSL, and VDSL. xDSL is drawing significant attention from implementers and service providers because it promises to deliver high-bandwidth data rates to dispersed locations with relatively small changes to the existing telco infrastructure. xDSL services are dedicated, point-to-point, public network access over twisted-pair copper wire on the local loop (last mile) between a network service provider’s (NSP) central office and the customer site, or on local loops created either intrabuilding or intracampus. Currently, most DSL deployments are ADSL, mainly delivered to residential customers. This chapter focus mainly on defining ADSL. Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) technology is asymmetric. It allows more bandwidth downstream—from an NSP’s central office to the customer site—than upstream from the subscriber to the central office. This asymmetry, combined with always-on access (which eliminates call setup), makes ADSL ideal for Internet/intranet surfing, video-on-demand, and remote LAN access. Users of these applications typically download much more information than they send. -
A Technology Comparison Adopting Ultra-Wideband for Memsen’S File Sharing and Wireless Marketing Platform
A Technology Comparison Adopting Ultra-Wideband for Memsen’s file sharing and wireless marketing platform What is Ultra-Wideband Technology? Memsen Corporation 1 of 8 • Ultra-Wideband is a proposed standard for short-range wireless communications that aims to replace Bluetooth technology in near future. • It is an ideal solution for wireless connectivity in the range of 10 to 20 meters between consumer electronics (CE), mobile devices, and PC peripheral devices which provides very high data-rate while consuming very little battery power. It offers the best solution for bandwidth, cost, power consumption, and physical size requirements for next generation consumer electronic devices. • UWB radios can use frequencies from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz, a band more than 7 GHz wide. Each radio channel can have a bandwidth of more than 500 MHz depending upon its center frequency. Due to such a large signal bandwidth, FCC has put severe broadcast power restrictions. By doing so UWB devices can make use of extremely wide frequency band while emitting very less amount of energy to get detected by other narrower band devices. Hence, a UWB device signal can not interfere with other narrower band device signals and because of this reason a UWB device can co-exist with other wireless devices. • UWB is considered as Wireless USB – replacement of standard USB and fire wire (IEEE 1394) solutions due to its higher data-rate compared to USB and fire wire. • UWB signals can co-exists with other short/large range wireless communications signals due to its own nature of being detected as noise to other signals. -
Lecture 8: Overview of Computer Networking Roadmap
Lecture 8: Overview of Computer Networking Slides adapted from those of Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach, 5th edition. Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, Addison-Wesley, April 2009. Roadmap ! what’s the Internet? ! network edge: hosts, access net ! network core: packet/circuit switching, Internet structure ! performance: loss, delay, throughput ! media distribution: UDP, TCP/IP 1 What’s the Internet: “nuts and bolts” view PC ! millions of connected Mobile network computing devices: server Global ISP hosts = end systems wireless laptop " running network apps cellular handheld Home network ! communication links Regional ISP " fiber, copper, radio, satellite access " points transmission rate = bandwidth Institutional network wired links ! routers: forward packets (chunks of router data) What’s the Internet: “nuts and bolts” view ! protocols control sending, receiving Mobile network of msgs Global ISP " e.g., TCP, IP, HTTP, Skype, Ethernet ! Internet: “network of networks” Home network " loosely hierarchical Regional ISP " public Internet versus private intranet Institutional network ! Internet standards " RFC: Request for comments " IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force 2 A closer look at network structure: ! network edge: applications and hosts ! access networks, physical media: wired, wireless communication links ! network core: " interconnected routers " network of networks The network edge: ! end systems (hosts): " run application programs " e.g. Web, email " at “edge of network” peer-peer ! client/server model " client host requests, receives -
Broadband ADSL2+ Modem Dm111pspv2 User Manual
Broadband ADSL2+ Modem DM111PSPv2 User Manual 350 East Plumeria Drive San Jose, CA 95134 USA August 2011 202-10913-01 v1.0 Broadband ADSL2+ Modem DM111PSPv2 © 2011 NETGEAR, Inc. All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language in any form or by any means without the written permission of NETGEAR, Inc. Technical Support Thank you for choosing NETGEAR. To register your product, get the latest product updates, get support online, or for more information about the topics covered in this manual, visit the Support website at http://support.netgear.com. Phone (US & Canada only): 1-888-NETGEAR Phone (Other Countries): Check the list of phone numbers at http://support.netgear.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/984. Trademarks NETGEAR, the NETGEAR logo, and Connect with Innovation are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of NETGEAR, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. Information is subject to change without notice. Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders. © 2011 NETGEAR, Inc. All rights reserved. Statement of Conditions To improve internal design, operational function, and/or reliability, NETGEAR reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice. NETGEAR does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use, or application of, the product(s) or circuit layout(s) described herein. 2 Contents Chapter 1 Hardware Setup Unpack Your New Modem. 7 Hardware Features . 8 Label . 8 Back Panel. 8 Front Panel . -
Optical Access Network Migration from GPON to XG-PON
ACCESS 2012 : The Third International Conference on Access Networks Optical Access Network Migration from GPON to XG-PON Bostjan Batagelj, Vesna Erzen, Vitalii Bagan, Yury Ignatov, Maxim Antonenko Jurij Tratnik, Luka Naglic Moscow Institute for Physics and Technology University of Ljubljana Department of Radio-Electronics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Applied Informatics Ljubljana, Slovenia Moscow, Russia e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Abstract—The purpose of this paper is to give an introduction Present Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network into the new standard base of next-generation Passive Optical (GPON) as a future safe investment new standard for first Network (NG-PON). Study and analysis of future trends in the generation of Ten-Gigabit-Capable Passive Optical development of next-generation fixed broadband optical Networks (XG-PON1) has been published in 2010 by ITU-T network is performed. The main intention of this paper is to [4]. This standard will offer 10 Gbit/s downstream and 2.5 describe migration from Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Gbit/s upstream speed; but, target distance and split ratio did Network (GPON) to Ten-Gigabit-Capable Passive Optical not increase much. Research in this area continues the job to Networks (XG-PON). Paper answers the question of what bring even better P2MP technology. Most of them are today extent active and passive GPON elements need to be replaced known under the term second generation of next-generation and what needs to be added when migrating to XG-PON. -
Diseño De Red De Acceso Doméstica Híbrida Wifi/Lifi
Trabajo Fin de Grado Grado en Ingeniería de las Tecnologías de Telecomunicación Diseño de red de acceso doméstica híbrida WiFi/LiFi Autor: José María García Bocuñano Tutor: Alejandro Carballar Rincón Equation Chapter 1 Section 1 Dpto. de Ingeniería Electrónica Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla, 2019 Trabajo Fin de Grado Grado en Ingeniería de las Tecnologías de Telecomunicación Diseño de red de acceso doméstica híbrida WiFi/LiFi Autor: José María García Bocuñano Tutor: Alejandro Carballar Rincón Catedrático de Universidad Dpto. de Ingeniería Electrónica Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla, 2019 iii Trabajo Fin de Grado: Diseño de red de acceso doméstica híbrida WiFi/LiFi Autor: José María García Bocuñano Tutor: Alejandro Carballar Rincón El tribunal nombrado para juzgar el Proyecto arriba indicado, compuesto por los siguientes miembros: Presidente: Vocales: Secretario: Acuerdan otorgarle la calificación de: Sevilla, 2019 v El Secretario del Tribunal A mi familia y amigos vii Agradecimientos Este apartado de agradecimientos, como el de cualquier cosa que haga en mi vida, no puede empezar con otro nombre que el de mi madre por ser ella la causa y el pilar por el que he podido llegar hasta el día de la entrega de este Trabajo Fin de Grado. Junto con ella, mi familia y amigos han tenido un papel fundamental, tanto en los éxitos como en los momentos malos que he tenido que experimentar a lo largo del grado en el que comencé hace 5 años. Por ayudarme a levantarme, entender el tiempo que les he tenido que quitar y acompañarme en las celebraciones, este trabajo tiene una parte de todos ellos. -
Equal Access Networks for Real Broadband Access 2773 EAN Wp V4 10/11/03 9:34 Page 2
2773_EAN_wp_v4 10/11/03 9:34 Page 1 White paper Equal Access Networks for real broadband access 2773_EAN_wp_v4 10/11/03 9:34 Page 2 Contents 02 The importance of real broadband The importance of real broadband Metropolitan economies are important to the national 03 New opportunities for economy. To make a real contribution to national prosperity, service providers cities need to increase levels of economic growth and become 03 Benefits of an Ethernet-based more competitive. They must also improve the way they are infrastructure governed and managed. 04 Cisco’s ETTx solution Connecting real broadband to a city can change the way whole 06 Benefits of intelligent networks areas work, play and learn. That gives municipalities real 08 Infrastructure for Equal opportunities to deliver better service to tax payers, attract Access Networks more businesses to the area and improve overall prosperity 09 A complete provisioning and competitiveness. solution Metro Ethernet from Cisco is an ideal foundation for real 09 Supporting efficient broadband. Today, almost all network traffic begins and ends as network operation IP, and Ethernet and the Ethernet RJ-45 connector are seen as the 10 Real broadband – the prospects most important form of access to public networks. The Ethernet for residential subscribers to the x (ETTx) Solution is based on Metro Ethernet technology 11 Real broadband – the prospects and utilises IP to provide intelligent network functions. It represents for business subscribers a unified network infrastructure providing end-to-end delivery 12 Business models for of next-generation voice, video, storage and data services. implementing real broadband Equal Access Networks The availability of dark fibre and the economics of Ethernet in the local loop are radically changing access to metropolitan area 14 TV and video solutions networks. -
Evolution of Access Network Sharing and Its Role in 5G Networks
applied sciences Review Evolution of Access Network Sharing and Its Role in 5G Networks Nima Afraz * , Frank Slyne , Harleen Gill and Marco Ruffini * CONNECT Centre, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, 2 Dublin, Ireland; [email protected] (F.S.); [email protected] (H.G.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (N.A.); marco.ruffi[email protected] (M.R.) Received: 3 October 2019; Accepted: 18 October 2019; Published: 28 October 2019 Abstract: This paper details the evolution of access network sharing models from legacy DSL to the most recent fibre-based technology and the main challenges faced from technical and business perspectives. We first give an overview of existing access sharing models, that span physical local loop unbundling and virtual unbundled local access. We then describe different types of optical access technologies and highlight how they support network sharing. Next, we examine how the concept of SDN and network virtualization has been pivotal in enabling the idea of “true multi-tenancy”, through the use of programmability, flexible architecture and resource isolation. We give examples of recent developments of cloud central office and OLT virtualization. Finally, we provide an insight into the role that novel business models, such as blockchain and smart contract technology, could play in 5G networks. We discuss how these might evolve, to provide flexibility and dynamic operations that are needed in the data and control planes. Keywords: access networks; network sharing; 5G networks; multi tenancy; optical access; sharing economics 1. Introduction By its nature, a telecommunications network is a shared resource that interconnects multiple nodes. Network sharing is part of a fundamental principle of statistical multiplexing of link capacity. -
Wi-Fi Roaming Guidelines Version 13.0 14 October 2020
GSMA Official Document Non-confidential IR.61 Wi-Fi Roaming Guidelines v12.1 (Current) Wi-Fi Roaming Guidelines Version 13.0 14 October 2020 This is a Non-binding Permanent Reference Document of the GSMA Security Classification: Non-confidential Access to and distribution of this document is restricted to the persons permitted by the security classification. This document is confidential to the Association and is subject to copyright protection. This document is to be used only for the purposes for which it has been supplied and information contained in it must not be disclosed or in any other way made available, in whole or in part, to persons other than those permitted under the security classification without the prior written approval of the Association. Copyright Notice Copyright © 2020 GSM Association. Disclaimer The GSM Association (“Association”) makes no representation, warranty or undertaking (express or implied) with respect to and does not accept any responsibility for, and hereby disclaims liability for the accuracy or completeness or timeliness of the information contained in this document. The information contained in this document may be subject to change without prior notice.. Antitrust Notice The information contain herein is in full compliance with the GSM Association’s antitrust compliance policy. V13.0 Page 1 of 35 GSM Association` Non-confidential Official Document IR.61 - Wi-Fi Roaming Guidelines Table of Contents 1 Introduction 4 1.1 Scope 4 2 Abbreviations and Terminology 4 3 References 11 4 EPC Overview (Informative) -
Introduction to Digital Subscriber's Line (DSL) Chapter 2 Telephone
Introduction to Digital Subscriber’s Line (DSL) Professor Fu Li, Ph.D., P.E. © Chapter 2 Telephone Infrastructure · Telephone line dates back to Bell in 1875 · Digital Transmission technology using complex algorithm based on DSP and VLSI to compensate impairments common to phone lines. · Phone line carries the single voice signal with 3.4 KHz bandwidth, DSL conveys 100 Compressed voice signals or a video signals. 1 · 15% phones require upgrade activities. · Phone company spent approximately 1 trillion US dollars to construct lines; · 700 millions are in service in 1997, 900 millions by 2001. · Most lines will support 1 Mb/s for DSL and many will support well above 1Mb/s data rate. Typical Voice Network 2 THE ACCESS NETWORK • DSL is really an access technology, and the associated DSL equipment is deployed in the local access network. • The access network consists of the local loops and associated equipment that connects the service user location to the central office. • This network typically consists of cable bundles carrying thousands of twisted-wire pairs to feeder distribution interfaces (FDIs). Two primary ways traditionally to deal with long loops: • 1.Use loading coils to modify the electrical characteristics of the local loop, allowing better quality voice-frequency transmission over extended distances (typically greater than 18,000 feet). • Loading coils are not compatible with the higher frequency attributes of DSL transmissions and they must be removed before DSL-based services can be provisioned. 3 Two primary ways traditionally to deal with long loops • 2. Set up remote terminals where the signals could be terminated at an intermediate point, aggregated and backhauled to the central office. -
Actiontec PK5000 Wireless DSL Modem Router Product Datasheet
Creative Solutions for the Digital Lif e™ 802 .1 1g Wireless DSL Modem Router ctiontec Electronics, leveraging the experience gained from shipping over 17.5 million Internet access devices, introduces A a new 802.11g wireless router: the PK5000 DSL Modem Router. The PK5000 is a small, fast wireless router with more memory than previous models and advanced features not often found on similar products in this category, advantages that will make it a favorite among discerning DSL Internet Service Providers. Designed to Fulfill the Carrier's Needs, Today and Tomorrow The PK5000 has been designed from the ground up for compactness and usability. Since both its footprint and weight have been decreased compared to earlier models, the shipping costs for DSL carriers will be lowered considerably. Despite these size and weight reductions, we've managed to include two antennas (one external, one internal), dramatically boosting the PK5000's wireless signal. We've also increased the amount of memory available to 32MB of flash and 64MB of SDRAM, allowing carriers to add new features in Model # PK5000 the future. The PK5000 provides everything a DSL Internet Service provider needs: power, economy, portability, and scalability. Future- Other features include: proof your router needs with the PK5000 DSL Modem Router. • Bit Swapping Remote Management Features DHCP Server Option Services Blocking Compliant with Broadband Static Routing • More memory... 32MB Flash & 64MB SDRAM Forum TR-48 Rate and Unnumbered Mode Support • TR069 Remote Management Reach