This is a slightly corrected version of the manuscript submitted and published in Bahamas Journal of Science 6:29–43. All but the most minor edits have been marked using WORD’s “track changes” facility. Factors influencing the surface fauna of inland blue holes on South Andros, Bahamas John M C HUTCHINSON School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1UG, UK E-mail:
[email protected] Abstract: We surveyed the macrofauna (particularly insects, molluscs and birds) of the surface waters of a series of inland, mostly anchialine, blue holes (flooded caves and associated lakes). The number of species was small, but the fauna varied considerably between holes. The following factors are evaluated as causes of these patterns: isolation and past inundation of Andros island, difficulty of dispersal between holes, topography (size of hole, water depth, whether ringed by cliffs), the surrounding vegetation, water quality (salinity, aeration, nutrients), tidal influence, human disturbance and pollution. Conservation issues are discussed, but generally the surface fauna is shared with far more extensive habitats on Andros. The same conclusion is drawn about the fauna of two subaerial caves associated with blue holes. INTRODUCTION Blue holes are the entrances to flooded caves, occurring in the Bahamas both out at sea and inland. Cave diving has revealed a diverse and unusual fauna of crustaceans in these blue holes. For instance, a new class of Crustacea, the Remipedia, was first discovered in 1979 in a blue hole on Grand Bahama (Yager, 1981), and even within the last 12 years at least 20 new species of crustaceans have been described from inland blue holes.