GOVERNMENT OF MIZORAM Public Disclosure Authorized PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT WIDENING TO 2-LANE, RE-ALIGNMENT AND GEOMETRIC IMPROVEMENT OF CHAMPHAI- ZOKHAWTHAR ROAD Public Disclosure Authorized (00.000 KM to 27.247 KM) WITHIN MIZORAM STATE ROADS PROJECT II ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) Public Disclosure Authorized 16 February 2014 Public Disclosure Authorized STUP Consultants Pvt TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE NO CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background: Mizoram State Road Project II 1 1.2 Project Objective, Location and Scope 3 1.3 Champhai-Zokawthar Road 4 1.4 Structure of EIA Report 7 1.5 Proponent and EIA Consultant 8 CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 9 2.1 Champhai-Zokawthar Road 9 2.2 Alignment 9 2.3 Width and gradient 17 2.4 Culvert and drains 18 2.5 Junction Improvement 18 2.6 Slope protection Works 18 2.7 Other Improvement Works 18 2.8 Traffic Diversion during Construction 19 2.9 Blasting 19 2.10 Cutting and Excavation 20 2.11 Construction materials and construction equipment 20 2.12 Construction workers and labour camps 21 2.13 Contractor’s camp, stockpiling material, and garage & maintenance 21 2.14 Land acquisition for the project 22 2.15 Project Cost 23 2.16 Construction Schedule 23 CHAPTER 3 Environmental legislation and Policies 32 3.1 Implementation and Regulatory Agencies 32 3.2 Key Applicable State level Laws and Regulation 34 3.3 Key Statutory Clearance Requirements 33 3.4 MORTH and IRC Specifications 37 3.5 Other Applicable Laws – Labour Laws 37 3.6 World Bank Policies 37 CHAPTER 4 METHODOLOGY 39 4.1 Influence Area 39 4.2 Literature and Secondary Data Review 39 4.3 Consultations with Stakeholders 40 4.4 Field Study 41 4.5 Impact identification, Analysis and Assessment 43 4.6 Analysis of alternatives 44 CHAPTER 5 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL SCENERIO 45 5.1 Meteorological baseline 45 5.2 Natural and biophysical environment 47 5.2.1 Physiography 47 5.2.2 Soil and Erosion 48 5.2.3 Land use 49 5.2.4 Soil 51 5.2.5 Geology 51 5.2.6 Slope Stability and Landslide 51 5.2.7 Surface water 51 5.2.8 Groundwater/Hydrogeology 55 5.2.9 Flora 56 5.2.10 Biodiversity 57 5.3 Air Quality 59 5.4 Noise Quality 60 5.5 Prime Agricultural Land 61 5.6 Human Use Values 62 5.7 Cultural Environment 64 5.8 Quarries 66 5.9 Borrow area 67 CHAPTER 6 COMMUNITY CONSULTATION 72 6.1 Introduction 72 6.2 Consultations during EIA 74 6.3 Environmental Issues / concerns raised during consultation 75 6.4 Consultations for identification of disposal sites and construction water 78 6.5 Perception and felt needs of the community 80 6.6 Plans for continued consultation and information dissemination 80 CHAPTER 7 ANALISYS OF ALTERNATIVES 82 7.1 Introduction 82 7.2 The alternative routes / re-alignment sections 83 7.3 Comparison of re-alignment options 83 7.4 With/without project scenario 89 7.5 Comparison of without and with project 90 CHAPTER 8 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT 97 8.1 Background 97 8.2 Identification and assessment of Impacts 97 8.3 Natural and Bio-physical Environment 97 8.3.1 Meteorological Parameters 97 8.3.2 Physical Setting 98 8.4 Biological Environment 115 8.5 Impact on Cultural properties 117 8.6 Loss of Access 117 8.7 Road safety 118 8.8 Impacts on Common property 118 8.9 Other Social Impacts 119 8.10 Induced Impacts 119 CHAPTER 9 AVOIDANCE AND MITIGATION IMPACT 121 9.0 Introduction 121 9.1 Natural and biophysical environment 121 9.1.1 Meteorological parameters 121 9.1.2 Air 122 9.1.3 Mitigation of impacts on Water resources 123 9.1.4 Mitigation of Impacts on ground water resources 122 9.1.5 Mitigation of Impacts on drainage 126 9.1.6 Prevention of local flooding 127 9.1.7 Blasting and cutting of the hill faces 127 9.1.8 Mitigation measures during quarrying operations 128 9.1.9 Measures for control of erosion/ slope stabilization 129 9.1.10 Mitigation measures for disposal of debris/ construction spoils 129 9.1.11 Mitigation for Noise and Vibration 132 9.1.12 Flora 133 9.2 Socio Economic Environment 135 9.2.1 Loss of access 135 9.2.2 Safety during construction 135 9.2.3 Maintenance of temporary diversion 137 9.2.4 Impact on community resources 137 9.2.5 Other Social Impacts 137 9.2.65 Induced development 137 9.3 Contractor’s Responsibility 138 CHAPTER 10 INSTITUTIONAL C ARRANGEMENTS 139 10.1 Capacity assessment 139 10.2 Proposed institutional set up 139 10.3 Non-governmental organization 140 10.4 Training for capacity enhancement 141 10.5 Institutional arrangement for monitoring 142 10.6 Budget for environmental management and mitigation 144 Annexure Annexure 2.1: Road Geometry Annexure 2 .2: Drainage Design Annexure 5.1: Distribution of floral species Annexure 5.2: Ground water quality in the project area Annexure – 6.1: Minutes of stakeholder meeting on draft Environmental Screening Report (Group 1 MRSP II) Annexure 6.2: Minutes of Stakeholder Workshop on Environmental and Social Management Framework Annexure 6.3: Consultation in villages Annexure 9.1 (A) : Summary of Contractors Responsibility on Environmental Safeguards Annexure 9.1 (B): Contract Clauses related to environmental management, health and safety issues in project (FIDIC) Figures Figure 1-1 Map showing the proposed road under MSRP II Figure 1.2 Topo-sheet showing existing and proposed Champhai –Zokhawthar Road Figure 2.1 Location of Champhai – Zokhawthar road in Mizoram Figure 2.2 Village locations along the proposed road Figure 2.3 Scale of impacted area Figure 2.4Map showing 1st Re-alignment Figure 2.5 Map showing 2nd Re-alignment Figure 2.6 Map showing 3rd Re-alignment Figure 2.7 Typical cross section of formation cutting Figure 2.8Typical cross section of Pavement design Figure 2.9 Side drain detail drawing Figure 2.10 Pipe culvert detail drawing Figure 2.11 Box culvert detail drawing Figure 2.12 Junction detail drawing Figure 2.13 Retaining wall typical drawing Figure 2.14 Breast wall typical drawing Figure 2.154 Gabion wall typical drawing Figure 2.16 Toe wall typical drawing Figure 2.17 Typical drawing of earth cutting Figure 2.18: Position of the road in Lungsen Block map Figure: 5.1: Meteorological Data of Champhai Figure 5.2: Pie chart showing land uses within project influence area of proposed project corridor Figure 7.1: Diversion/Realignment – 1 Figure 7.2: Diversion/Realignment – 2 for Mualkawi Village Figure 7.3: Diversion/Realignment – 3 (Melbuk Village & Zokhawthar Village) Fig 10.1 Proposed institutional set up for EMP implementation in C-C road Map 5.1:.The land use and land cover map Map 5.2: Elevation Map of Mizoram Map 5.3: Geomorpholgy Map of Mizoram Map 5.4: Geological Map of Mizoram Map 5.5: Ground water potential Map of Mizoram Map 7.1: Project road showing Diversion / Realignment Photograph Photograph 5.1: Graveyard at Melbuk village Km16+700 Photograph 5.2: Graveyard at Km10+500 Photograph 5.3: Mangkhaia Lung in Zotlang village Photograph 6.1: Discussion with villagers in Melbuk & Zotlang Vilages Photograph 6.2: Discussion with villagers in Zokhawthar & Mualkwai Vilages Photograph 6.3 : Consultation with villagers in Melbuk village for finalization of diversion and road alignment Photograph 6.4: Stakeholder consultation workshop on EMF and SMF Photograph 6.5: Consultation with villagers for identification of potential disposal sites and water source for construction EIA of Champhai- Zokhawthar Road Mizoram State Road-II CHAPTER -1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background: Mizoram State Road Project II The “seven sisters” of North eastern India are landlocked states and lag significantly behind the rest of India in terms of income and human development indicators. The State of Mizoram, bordering Bangladesh and Myanmar, is among the poorest states in India. Recognizing the need to share prosperity and promote growth in lagging states, the Government of India in its 2012 budget speech, committed to significant investments in infrastructure development and trade promotion for lagging states, including the landlocked states of the Northeast. In this context, The Government of India has requested World Bank for financing rehabilitation, widening and strengthening of State Highways and District Roads which are managed by Public Works Department (PWD) in the State of Mizoram. The proposed improvements are expected to enhance the quality of service level. In line with this request, Mizoram State Roads Project – II (MSRP II) is proposed. The proposed roads under MSRP II is shown in Figure 1.1 PWD Mizoram 1 EIA of Champhai- Zokhawthar Road Mizoram State Road-II G Junction NH44A (Origination) – R Chungtlang – Darlung – Buarpui O U G P R - Buarpui – Thenlum – Zawlpui O 2 U R P O Zawlpui – - A Phairuangkai 1 D R S Champhai – Zokhawthar O Lunglei - Tlabung - Kawrpuichhuah A D S Chawngte including bridge to Bungtlang South up to Multimodal Road junction Chhumkhum-Chawngte Figure 1-1 Map showing the proposed road under MSRP II PWD Mizoram 2 EIA of Champhai- Zokhawthar Road Mizoram State Road-II 1.2 Project Objective, Location and Scope The Mizoram State Roads Project II (MSRP-II) key objective is to improve existing road connectivity through rehabilitation, strengthening and widening efforts. Such an effort would also lead to incidental benefits of improving the quality of existing connectivity to Bangladesh and Myanmar. As part of the project preparation, about 157 km of existing road length, under Group 1 will be strengthened and upgraded, as they are already designed; and as part of project implementation, design additional 284 km of existing roads under Group 2 for upgradation.