Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Sticholotidinae)

A revision of the genus Stictobura Crotch and description of a new species of Sticholotis Crotch (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Sticholotidinae)

J. POORANI1, NATALIA J. VANDENBERG2 & R.G. BOOTH3 1National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, P.B. No. 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, Kar- nataka, India. E-mail: [email protected] 2Systematic Entomology Lab (SEL), Plant Sciences Institute, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 3Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW75BD, United Kingdom. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

The species of Stictobura Crotch (1874) (Coccinellidae: Sticholotidinae) are revised. Stictobura gibbula (Weise, 1908) indeed belongs to Sticholotis Crotch (1874) under which it was originally described (stat. rev.) and is removed from Stic- tobura. Stictobura buruensis Korschefsky (1944) is transferred to Sticholotis (new combination). Lectotypes are designated for Sticholotis (Apterolotis) andrewesi Weise (1908), Sticholotis (Apterolotis) gibbula Weise (1908), Stictobura semipolita Sicard (1911), and Stictobura rubroguttata Sicard (1925). The species of Stictobura are keyed and notes on biology are provided wherever available. Sticholotis magnostriata sp. n., which is externally similar to the species of Stic- tobura, is described from India (Assam).

Key words: Stictobura, Sticholotis, Coccinellidae, Sticholotidinae, revision, new synonym, new combination, new species

Introduction

Members of the genus Stictobura Crotch (1874) (Coccinellidae: Sticholotidinae: Sticholotidini) are rather large ladybird beetles characterized by a distinctive, very strongly convex dorsum, reticulate microsculpture on interspaces between punctures on head and pronotum, and lack of functional wings. Five species of Stictobura are known at present, but that number is here reduced to three by transferring S. buruensis Korschefsky and S. gibbula (Weise) to the allied genus Sticholotis Crotch (1874). The three remaining species, Stictobura pallideguttata (Mul- sant), S. melanaria (Weise), and S. semipolita Sicard, are known only from Southern India. Miyatake (1994) in his review of Asian Sticholotidinae did not describe the genus in detail for want of sufficient study material and only included it in his key to Oriental Sticholotidini. In this paper, the genus is reviewed and the species are redescribed, illustrated and keyed with biological information wherever available. Lectotypes are designated for the purpose of ensuring correct and consistent future application of the names. The following abbreviations are used to indicate the institutions / museums where the specimens, including types, are deposited.

BMNH The Natural History Museum, London MNHN Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris NBAII National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Bangalore USNM National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. UCCC Crotch Collection, University of Cambridge ZMAN Zoologischen Museum, Amsterdam. ZMB Zoologisches Museum, Humboldt Universitat, Berlin.

Accepted by J. Forrester: 15 Aug. 2011; published: 16 Sep. 2011 1 Material and methods

Measurements were made using an ocular micrometer attached to a dissecting microscope, and the following terms are used: TL—total length, from apical margin of clypeus to apex of elytra; PL—pronotal length, from the middle of anterior margin to margin of basal foramen; PW—pronotal width at widest part; EL—Elytral length across sutural line including scutellum; EW—elytral width across both elytra at the widest part. For studying genitalia, whole specimens were first softened by immersing in warm soapy water for 10–30 minutes, depending on size and age. The abdomen was gently detached by inserting a minuten pin between the metaventrite and the first visible abdominal sternite and left overnight in 10% cold KOH for clearing soft tissues. Genitalia were dissected and examined on a glycerine slide mount under a stereozoom microscope. After examination, genitalia were stored in glycerine in plastic microvials pinned with the respective specimens. Photographs of whole beetles were generated using a digital camera attached to Leica M205A stereozoom microscope. Illustrations were made with a camera lucida. The final plates were prepared using Adobe Photoshop CS®.

Stictobura Crotch, 1874

Stictobura Crotch, 1874: 201; Sicard, 1911: 385. Type species: Calvia? pallideguttata Mulsant, 1853, by monotypy. Apterolotis Weise, 1908: 225; 1923: 127.—Sicard, 1911: 385 (synonymy).—Korschefsky, 1931: 211. Type species: Sticholotis (Apterolotis) andrewesi Weise, 1908 (= Stictobura pallideguttata (Mulsant, 1853), by subsequent designation of Korschef- sky, 1931.

Diagnosis. Body medium to large, with a round or subcircular outline (Figs. 1–7); dorsum very strongly convex and hemispherical, without apparent vestiture but characterized by sparse, thin, suberect to erect hairs on pronotum and elytra, easily noticeable particularly on anterior, lateral and posterior margins of elytra, those on disc noticeable only at high magnifications. Head (Fig. 12) with clypeal margin always distinctly semi-circularly emarginate. Eyes small, widely separated, coarsely faceted, inner margins with distinct orbital carinae, posteriorly divergent towards temples; ocular canthus extending shortly into eyes. Antennal insertions exposed, frons around antennal insertions distinctly, deeply emarginate. Antenna (Fig. 13) 11-segmented, with a three-segmented, elongate, fusiform club, terminal antennomere apically elongate, conical-oval. Terminal segment of maxillary palpi (Fig. 15) elongate conical, apical margin strongly and obliquely truncate, shorter than outer margin. Pronotum transverse, anterior margin deeply trapezoidally emarginate around head; posterior margin strongly arcuate, with submarginal line; lateral margins linear to broadly rounded, with short scattered hairs, finely carinate, narrowly reflexed. Interspaces between punctures on head and pronotum always with strong reticulate microsculpture. Elytra lacking humeral calli, lateral borders with a distinct marginal bead; punctation on elytra often conspicuously dual, with fine and coarser punctures intermixed. Prosternum T-shaped, anterior margin not lobed in front of coxa, prosternal process (Fig. 17) very broad, quadrate with a pair of carinae. Anterior margin of mesoventrite broadly shallowly emarginate medially. Abdomen with five visible ventrites in both sexes, ventrites 1 and 5 subequal, longer than rest; abdominal postcoxal lines (Fig. 16) incomplete, parallel to or approaching posterior margin of ventrite 1. Functional wings absent. Elytral epipleura broad, complete with inner carina reaching apex of elytra, shallowly foveolate or depressed on level with middle and hind legs. Legs with cryptotetramerous tarsi, tarsal claws swollen basally, lacking a distinct basal tooth. Male genitalia (Figs. 19–31) with phallobase having an additional median strut besides trabes; basal lobe [=“penis guide” sensu Ślipiński (2007), or “median lobe” auctorum] of tegmen elongate, symmetrical, parameres long with several marginal and apical setae; sipho [=“penis” sensu Ślipiński (2007)] stout, with a large, prominent capsule. Female genitalia with coxites elongate triangular, bearing short styli, with a very long bursa and a rather large and moderately sclerotized structure (Fig. 32), representing a poorly differentiated spermatheca, or possibly just a lobe of the bursa. Distribution. This genus is apparently endemic to the Western Ghats range in southern India. Its members are rarely collected and have been found almost exclusively in plantations at high altitudes. Related genera. Stictobura is very closely related to Sticholotis. Its species differ from those of the latter only by their distinctly larger size, strongly convex / hemispherical dorsum, strongly reticulate microsculpture on interspaces between punctures on head and pronotum, elytra with a distinct marginal bead, absence of functional wings, and male genitalia with a very stout sipho having a large capsule. Stictobura species have sparse, somewhat incon-

2 · Zootaxa 3031 © 2011 Magnolia Press POORANI ET AL. spicuous, but more or less uniform, fine, suberect to erect pubescence on the pronotum and elytra, though most of the old specimens examined in this study appeared to be glabrous due to abrasion. Many species of Sticholotis appear to be glabrous, but have sparse, very short erect hairs on the elytra. Functional wings are absent in many Australian species of Sticholotis and all the species of Nesolotis Miyatake (1966). Ślipiński (2004) regarded Neso- lotis as a synonym of Sticholotis, but Wang et al. (2010) resurrected the genus based on its distinctly foveate elytral epipleura, tibiae of front legs strongly expanded externally, and other features. Some unusually large species of Sticholotis that resemble Stictobura occur in Vietnam, northeastern India, and Indonesia. Among other Asian Sticholotidini, Jauravia Motschulsky (1858) shares many features with Stictobura, but has conspicuous dense pubescence all over the body. Filipinolotis Miyatake (1994) appears to be close to Stictobura by virtue of its strongly convex dorsum and atrophied hind wings. Among the Neotropical genera, the Hispaniolan genus Bura Mulsant (1850) has a similar size and body form to Stictobura, but differs in the highly polished appearance of the head and pronotal interspaces, and in possessing fully developed metathoracic wings, 10-segmented antennae, clypeus anteriorly truncate and not emarginate around antennal insertions, and tarsal claws with a large triangular basal tooth (Vandenberg and Perez-Gelabert, 2007). The composition of Sticholotidini and the tax- onomic status of many genera therein have not been fully resolved yet and the ongoing comprehensive studies including molecular studies on the world taxa of Sticholotidinae by other coccinellid workers may throw more light on the interrelationships among these genera. Hence, in spite of its very close relationship with Sticholotis, Sticto- bura is treated as a distinct genus in this paper. Biology. Detailed biology is not known for all the species, but prey records from label data indicate a prefer- ence for Coccoidea (Diaspididae; Coccidae). Rao et al. (1970) reported a Stictobura sp. as feeding on tea red spider mites. Almost all available specimens in collections have been collected on plantation crops such as tea and coffee.

Key to species of Stictobura

1. Dorsum completely black (Fig. 7). Elytral punctures dense, more or less of one size with very few scattered coarser punctures. Male genitalia (Figs. 28–31) with short blunt process on apex of basal lobe ...... melanaria (Weise) - Dorsal colour pattern different, never fully black. Elytra with conspicuous dual punctation. Male genitalia not as above. . . . . 2 2. Head and pronotum yellowish / testaceous, elytra brown with eight yellowish spots (Fig. 1). Male genitalia (Figs. 19–23) in ventral view with basal lobe slightly narrowed near middle, apex weakly curved...... pallideguttata (Mulsant) - Head and pronotum reddish brown; elytra dark reddish testaceous on disk; anterior, sutural and lateral elytral borders black, with a large roundish black spot at middle of sutural line; rarely elytra dark pitchy brown to black with four reddish brown spots, or reddish brown with black lateral borders, or fully reddish brown (Figs. 2–6, 18a–e). Male genitalia (Figs. 24–27) in ventral view with basal lobe not narrowed near middle, apex strongly arcuate ...... semipolita Sicard

Species of Stictobura

1. melanaria (Weise) (Figs. 7, 28–32)

Sticholotis melanaria Weise, 1903: 232 (Type depository: ?ZMB; Type locality: Pondicherry). Stictobura melanaria: Korschefsky, 1931: 211.

Diagnosis. This species can be identified by the fully black, strongly convex dorsum with dense, closely placed elytral punctures. The male genitalia (Figs. 28–31) are diagnostic. Redescription. Length: 3.1–3.6 mm; width: 3.0–3.5 mm; TL/EW: 1.03–1.06; EL/EW: 0.83–0.95; PL/PW: 0.40–0.44. Form (Fig. 7) more or less circular, dorsum strongly hemispherical and dome-like. Dorsal side fully black, ventral side dark pitchy brown to black; head with silvery white pubescence; pronotum and elytra with sparse but distinct, uniform, suberect to erect silvery white hairs, more noticeable on anterior, lateral and posterior margins of elytra, than on disk of elytra. Head with clypeal margin shallowly emarginate; eyes widely separated by more than 3x eye width; punctures very shallowly impressed, widely separated by 3–6 diameters, interspaces between punctures strongly reticulate. Pronotum with lateral sides linear, antero- and posterolateral corners broadly rounded, posterior margin strongly sinuate with submarginal line, lateral sides narrowly beaded; punctures shal-

A REVISION OF STICTOBURA CROTCH Zootaxa 3031 © 2011 Magnolia Press · 3 lowly impressed, separated by 2–5 diameters. Scutellum small, triangular. Elytra slightly wider than long, with denser, more closely placed punctures, only slightly more deeply impressed than those on head and pronotum, separated by 1–4 diameters, more or less of one size though with some coarser punctures, interspaces more or less smooth. Prosternal process broad, quadrate with a pair of carinae, subparallel posteriorly, gradually divergent towards anterior. Tarsal claws almost simple, with a weak basal tooth. Elytral epipleura shallowly depressed on level with middle and hind legs. Abdominal postcoxal lines incomplete; ventrite 5 in female with a depressed area on either side below anterior margin, posterior margin broadly truncate; ventrite 5 in male apically truncate. Female genitalia with a long bursa and a prominent sclerotized structure (Fig. 32), probably a poorly differentiated spermatheca. Male genitalia (Figs. 28–31) with basal lobe of tegmen (Fig. 29) elongate cylindrical, apically rounded and produced into a short, blunt process; sipho (Fig. 30, 31) elongate, stout, with a large capsule. Specimens examined. INDIA: Tamil Nadu: Trichinopoly, Ind. Or., 6 females, 2 ex (MNHN); Kerala: without locality data, 1 female (NBAII); Shembaganur, Mad. 1904–1905, P. du Breuil/BMNH, 1 female, 3 ex (BMNH); S. India, Shambaganur, Madura, 1921-146, 1 female (BMNH, dissected); Trichinopoli, Ind.-Or./ Nunenmacher Col- lection, 1 male, 1 female (MNHN); Shembaganur, Sud-India/ St. melanaria, 1 female (MNHN). Distribution. India: Pondicherry; Tamil Nadu. Note. Weise (1903) described Sticholotis melanaria from Staudinger material and it is expected that Weise might have kept some examples in Berlin (ZMB) as well as returning material to Staudinger. Efforts to find Staudinger Coccinellidae material have proved unsuccessful in the past.

2. pallideguttata (Mulsant) (Figs. 1, 19–23)

Calvia? pallideguttata Mulsant, 1853: 289 (holotype, UCCC). Stictobura pallidiguttata: Crotch, 1874: 201 (name misspelt).—Weise, 1923: 137.—Korschefsky, 1931: 211.—Gordon, 1987: 25 (unnecessary lectotype designation). Sticholotis (Apterolotis) andrewesi Weise, 1908: 225; 1923: 127 (Lectotype, BMNH).—Synonymised by Sicard, 1911: 385.- Korschefsky, 1931: 211.

Diagnosis. It can be identified by the dark brown to dull black elytra with eight yellow spots (Fig. 1) and dual punctation. The male genitalia (Figs. 19–23) are diagnostic. Redescription. Length: 3.78 mm; width: 3.50 mm; TL/EW: 1.03–1.06; EL/EW: 0.93–0.94; PL/PW: 0.42– 0.44. Form (Fig. 1) subcircular, broadest around middle; dorsum strongly convex. Head and pronotum yellowish brown to testaceous, elytra dull to dark brown, with four oblique, elongate oval yellowish spots on each elytron, one pair in anterior half and one in posterior; antenna yellowish to brown, occasionally pedicel and scape lighter, yellowish; legs sometimes darker brown. Ventral side yellowish brown to testaceous except elytral epipleura yellowish brown with darker brown borders or fully dark brown. Head with shallowly impressed punctures, separated by 1–3 diameters, interspaces with reticulate microsculpture; pubescence on head silvery white. Antenna 11-segmented with a long club, terminal antennomere elongate oval. Pronotum with shallowly impressed punctures, more widely spaced than those on head, separated by 2–5 diameters. Elytra slightly wider than long, punctation distinctly dual, with a mixture of fine and somewhat irregular, larger and coarser punctures, widely separated, interspaces weakly alutaceous. Prosternal process broadly quadrate, carinae subparallel, anteriorly slightly divergent. Lateral margins of elytra with a marginal bead. Anterior margin of mesoventrite shallowly, broadly emarginate in middle. Elytral epipleura shallowly impressed on level with hind legs. Tarsal claws basally somewhat swollen, lacking a distinct basal tooth. Posterior margin of ventrite 5 broadly truncate in female, double emarginate in male. Male genitalia (Figs. 19–23) as illustrated, basal lobe slightly longer than parameres in lateral view (Fig. 19), slightly narrower at middle, apically narrowed and produced into a short tubular process; basal lobe in ventral view (Fig. 20) elongate cylindrical and subparallel, apically narrowed, triangular; sipho (Fig. 21) with a large capsule, apex (Figs. 22, 23) somewhat lanceolate. Specimens examined. Lectotype of Sticholotis andrewesi (designated here): “Type (circular red bordered label)/Nilgiri Hills, H.L. Andrewes/ Andrewes Bequest B.M.1922-221/Nilgiri Hills/Sticholotis andrewesi m. (in Weise’s handwriting)/Type (rectangular orange label)/Syntype (blue label)”, abdomen missing (BMNH); Others: India: Tamil Nadu, Kotagiri, 23.x.1975, C.A. Viraktamath (NBAII); Coonoor, 22.vi.59, CIBC-BS, Ex. Red scale

4 · Zootaxa 3031 © 2011 Magnolia Press POORANI ET AL. on mulberry, 1 female, 1 male (PDBC); Keti, June 1929, M.S.K. Coll., 1 female, 1 male (NBAII); Keti, 17.IV.29, M.S.K.coll., 1 male; Nilgiris waterfalls, 1–6 May 15, Ponniah coll., 1 male (NBAII). Distribution. India: Kerala; Tamil Nadu. Notes. Mulsant (1853) observed that his type specimen was in poor condition. He felt it belonged in ‘Halyzi- aires’, but assigned it to the genus Calvia with reservation. He referred clearly to “L’individu”, which is therefore a holotype. The species of Stictobura are much larger than the average size of most sticholotidines, which might have led to some confusion regarding its placement. Crotch (1874) proposed the genus Stictobura, with Calvia pallideguttata Mulsant as the type species—he also misspelled the name of the type species as S. pallidiguttata. Sicard (1911) compared a specimen of Stictobura pallideguttata (labeled by Crotch) with the type specimen of Sticholotis (Apterolotis) andrewesi and pronounced them synonyms. Weise (1923) accepted S. andrewesi and S. pallideguttata Crotch (not Mulsant) as synonyms. He noted differences between Mulsant’s original description and Crotch’s redescription which led him to believe the Crotch material was misidentified. Korschefsky (1931) retained Mulsant’s species under the genus Calvia and Crotch’s species under Stictobura. Gordon (1985) designated one of the three specimens in Crotch’s collection, a “severely damaged” one, as the lectotype, unnecessarily so. The syntype of Sticholotis andrewesi (BMNH, examined), designated as lectotype (above), is similar to the nominate form of the species and matches well to Weise’s original species description (1908). Weise did not discuss variation within the species, nor indicate the number of specimens examined. Biology / associated habitat. Red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) on mulberry; Coccus viridis (Green) on citrus; collected on tea (label data). Rao et al. (1970) reported it as feeding on tea mites.

3. semipolita Sicard (Figs. 2–6, 18a–e, 24–27)

Stictobura semipolita Sicard, 1911: 384 (Lectotype; BMNH. Type locality: Nilgiri Hills).—Korschefsky, 1931: 211 (cat.) Stictobura semipolita ab. fuscipes Sicard, 1911: 385.—Korschefsky, 1931: 211. Stictobura semipolita ab. testaceicollis Sicard, 1911: 385.—Korschefsky, 1931: 211. Stictobura rubroguttata Sicard, 1925: 449 (Lectotype, BMNH).—Synonymised by Korschefsky, 1933: 7.

Diagnosis. Stictobura semipolita has variable elytral colour and pattern (Figs. 2–6, 18a–e). It is somewhat similar in terms of general colour scheme and elytral pattern to Sticholotis obscurella Weise (1908), but it can be easily differentiated from the latter by the much larger size, more strongly convex body and the male genitalia. Redescription. Length 3.8–4.0 mm; width 3.5–3.7 mm; TL/EW: 1.12–1.14; EL/EW: 1.03–1.12; PL/PW: 0.42–0.45. Form circular (Fig. 5) to distinctly obovate (Figs 2–4, 6), with elytra posteriorly narrowed towards apex, dorsal side strongly convex. Head and pronotum yellowish-testaceous, elytral colour and pattern variable as follows: (i) elytra reddish with a broad black border (ab. fuscipes Sicard) (Figs. 5, 18e), (ii) sutural border also black with a median circular spot, with two reddish brown, elongate discal spots (nominate form) (these spots medially interrupted partially or fully in some examples) (Figs. 3, 4, 18b–d), (iii) elytra dark brown to black with four distinct reddish brown spots (S. rubroguttata) (Figs. 2, 18a), and (iv) elytra more or less fully reddish brown (S. testaceicollis) (Fig. 6). Scutellum reddish brown. Ventral side more or less uniform yellowish brown, except antennomeres 5–11 and outer margin of elytral epipleura darker brown. Head with silvery white pubescence, punctures shallowly impressed, separated by 2–4 diameters, interspaces strongly reticulate. Antenna 11-segmented, clothed with prominent yellowish white pubescence, club long, three-segmented, terminal antennomere elongate oval. Pronotum with shallow punctures, slightly more deeply impressed than those on head, separated by 2–5 diameters on disc, slightly denser and closer on lateral sides, interspaces strongly reticulate; posterior margin strongly arcuate, with submarginal line. Elytral punctures distinctly dual, large punctures separated by 2–4 diameters, with finer punctures in interstices, interspaces smooth, shiny. Prosternal process broad, subtrapezoidal, carinae distinctly divergent towards anterior. Anterior margin of mesosternum broadly, semicircularly emarginate in middle. Ventrite 5 conical with posterior margin arcuate in female, broader with posterior margin faintly emarginate in male. Male genitalia (Figs. 24–27) with basal lobe longer than parameres, apically very strongly arched and narrowed towards parameres in lateral view (Fig. 24); in ventral view (Fig. 25) elongate cylindrical, apically narrowed; sipho (Fig.26, 27) with a large, prominent, spatulate capsule.

A REVISION OF STICTOBURA CROTCH Zootaxa 3031 © 2011 Magnolia Press · 5 FIGURES 1–11. Stictobura spp.: 1. Stictobura pallideguttata (Mulsant); 2–6. S. semipolita Sicard; 7. S. melanaria (Weise); 8– 10. Sticholotis gibbula Weise: 8. Dorsal view; 9. Frontal view; 10. Lateral view; 11. Sticholotis buruensis (Korschefsky): Fron- tal view.

6 · Zootaxa 3031 © 2011 Magnolia Press POORANI ET AL. FIGURES 12–17. Diagnostic characters of Stictobura: 12. Head; 13. Antenna; 14. Labium; 15. Maxilla; 16. Postcoxal line; 17. Prosternal process. 18a–e. Stictobura semipolita, elytral pattern variations.

Specimens examined. Lectotype of Stictobura semipolita (designated here): Male, labelled Type [printed, red-bordered circular Museum label]/ Nilgiri Hills. H.L. Andrewes. [printed]/ H.L. Andrewes Nilgiri Hills [printed]/ Type [printed in red ink]/ Andrewes Bequest B.M. 1922-221. [printed]/ Stictobura semipolita n.sp. Sic [Sicard's handwriting] (BMNH). Other specimens: 6 specimens on 1 card, labelled Type [printed, red-bordered circular Museum label]/ Nilgiri Hills. H.L. Andrewes. [printed]/ H.L. Andrewes Nilgiri Hills [printed]/ Type [printed in red ink]/ Andrewes Bequest B.M. 1922-221. [printed]/ Stictobura semipolita n.sp. Sic [Sicard's handwriting]. 10 specimens on 3 cards, labelled Co-type [printed, green-bordered circular Museum label]/ Nilgiri Hills. H.L. Andrewes. [printed]/ H.L. Andrewes Nilgiri Hills [printed]/ Andrewes Bequest B.M. 1922-221. [printed]. 20 specimens on 7 cards, labelled Co-type [printed, green-bordered circular Museum label]/ Nilgiri Hills. H.L. Andrewes. [printed]/ Nilgiri Hills [printed]/ Andrewes Bequest B.M. 1922-221. [printed] (BMNH). S. semipolita ab. fuscipes (2 specimens): 1 directly pinned specimen, labelled Type [printed, red-bordered circular Museum label]/ Nilgiri Hills. H.L. Andrewes. [printed]/ H.L. Andrewes Nilgiri Hills [printed]/ Type [printed on orange background, Andrewes collection label]/ Type [printed in red ink]/ Andrewes Bequest B.M. 1922-221. [printed]/ Stictobura semipolita S. v. fuscipes [Sicard's handwriting]. 1 directly pinned specimen, labelled Co-type [printed, green-bordered circular Museum label]/ Nilgiri Hills. H.L. Andrewes. [printed]/ H.L. Andrewes Nilgiri Hills [printed]/ Andrewes Bequest B.M. 1922-221. [printed] (BMNH). S. semipolita ab. testaceicollis: 1 carded specimen, labelled Type [printed, red-bordered circular Museum label]/ Nadgani Malabar [hand written]/ Type [printed on orange background, Andrewes collection label]/ Type [printed in red ink]/ Andrewes Bequest B.M. 1922-221. [printed]/ Stictobura semipolita Sic. v. testaceicollis S [Sicard's handwriting] (BMNH). Lectotype of rubroguttata (designated here): “Type (circular red bordered Label)/Nilgiri Hills, H.L. Andrewes/ Andrewes Bequest B.M.1922-221/Nilgiri Hills/Stictobura rubroguttata Sic. n. s/r 9s??? (in Sicard’s handwriting)/Type (rectangular orange label)/H.L Andrewes, Nilgiri Hills” (BMNH). Others: On coffee green

A REVISION OF STICTOBURA CROTCH Zootaxa 3031 © 2011 Magnolia Press · 7 bug, Gulikere estate, June 56, G.P.C. Basavanna 1368/ Com. Inst. Ent. Coll. No. 14949/Stictobura nr. semipolita Sic. R.D. Pope det. 1956/ Pres. Comm. Inst. Ent. B.M. 1981-315 (BMNH); South India, Kerala State, Trivandrum, Ponmudi range, 10.v.1973, Leg. T.R.S. Nathan, 2 ex.; Anamalai hills, 2400, Madras, JCM Gardner, 6.V.1930/420/ Korschefsky collection, 1952/Stictobura rubroguttata det. A.S. Ślipiński, 1 male; Kerala, Calicut dist., Chembra Peak, V.1970, leg. T.R. Susainathan/ Collection of Verne Reaves, 1 female (MNHN). Distribution. This appears to be most common species of the genus in southern India, but is confined to the Western Ghats range (Tamil Nadu; Karnataka; Kerala). Notes. One of the long series of Sicard’s syntypes of S. semipolita (BMNH) has been designated as lectotype. The median lobe in the lectotype male (designated above) is rather less strongly curved than shown in the figures, but the sipho agrees well (dissected and studied by RGB). Although Sicard labelled his varieties "v.", he published them as "ab.", so the names are automatically infrasubspecific and therefore not available under the ICZN Code. The syntype of S. rubroguttata (BMNH, examined) is designated as lectotype (above) in order to fix the identity of the species and confirm its synonymy, because the original description gave no indication of the number of original specimens examined. It was earlier synonymised with S. semipolita by Korschefsky (1933), who mentioned that this is the darkest form of S. semipolita. The lectotype has yellowish-testaceous head and pronotum as the nominate form of S. semipolita, but the elytra are dark pitchy brown to black with four reddish spots, one pair in each half. The body outline is variable in S. semipolita—elytra somewhat obovate and posteriorly distinctly narrowed towards apex (Figs. 2–4, 6) or distinctly rounded (Fig. 5). Korschefsky (1933) and Chatterjee and Bose (1933) provided brief notes on the species and illustrated the variations in elytral pattern. Biology. Predatory on coffee green scale, Coccus viridis (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (label data). Associ- ated with scales infesting coffee and sandal (Chatterjee and Bose, 1933).

Sticholotis gibbula Weise, stat. rev. (Figs. 8–10)

Sticholotis (Apterolotis) gibbula Weise, 1908: 226 (Lectotype female, BMNH). Stictobura gibbula: Sicard, 1911: 385.—Korschefsky, 1931: 211.

The syntype female of this species (BMNH, examined) indeed belongs to Sticholotis (stat. rev.) and is very small, unlike other members of Stictobura. It is not clear why Sicard (1911) and subsequently Korschefsky (1931) chose to place it under Stictobura. The syntype from BMNH is designated here as lectotype (lectotype designation) and briefly redescribed below. Redescription. Length: 1.60 mm; width: 1 mm. TL/TW: 1.21; EL/EW: 0.96; PL/PW: 0.46. Form short oval, dorsum strongly convex (Fig. 8) and dumpy, with a prominent, hump-backed outline (Fig. 10). Dorsum and ventral side yellow except scutellum, edges of elytra and epipleura darker reddish brown, elytra with an ill-defined stria marked by darkly pigmented dots on either side of sutural line, antenna with flagellomeres darker brownish in posterior half. Head (Fig. 9) with clypeal margin shallowly emarginate, pubescence silvery white. Eyes small, coarsely faceted, posteriorly strongly divergent, with an orbital carina, interocular distance ca. 3.2x as wide as eye; punctures separated by 2–5 diameters, interspaces with strong reticulate microsculpture. Antennal insertions exposed, frons emarginate around antennal insertions. Antenna 11-segmented, with a distinct club. Pronotum transverse; basal margin strongly arcuate, with submarginal line; lateral margins nearly linear, with short scattered hairs; anterior margin deeply trapezoidally emarginate around head; lateral and anterior margins with fine bead; punctures on pronotum smaller than those on head, shallow, widely separated, interspaces with reticulate microsculpture. Elytra with punctures larger, closer and denser than those on head and pronotum, separated by 2–4 diameters, interspaces smooth, shiny. Prosternal process obscured by forelegs. Abdomen with five visible ventrites; abdominal postcoxal line incomplete, curved posterolaterally, joining posterior margin of ventrite 1; ventrites 2–4 subequal; ventrite 5 elongate, tapering, posteriorly arcuate. Legs with cryptotetramerous tarsi; tarsal claws narrow, sickle-shaped, basally slightly swollen, lacking a distinct basal tooth. Genitalia not dissected. Specimen examined: Lectotype of gibbula, female (designated here): “Type (circular Red bordered Label)/ Madura, S. India/Sticholotis gibbula m (in Weise’s handwriting)/Type (rectangular orange label)/ Madura” (BMNH). Distribution. India: Tamil Nadu.

Sticholotis buruensis Korschefsky, n. comb. (Fig. 11)

Stictobura buruensis Korschefsky, 1944: 48 (Holotype: ?ZMAN).—Miyatake, 1997: 265.

Redescription. Length: 2.2 mm; width: 2.0 mm. Form slightly elongate, globose; dorsum strongly convex. Dorsal and ventral surfaces including appendages yellow ferrugineous, edges of sclerites and elytra narrowly darker reddish amber; six more or less defined rows of elytral striae marked by darkly pigmented dots. Head (Fig. 11) and pronotum with shallowly impressed punctures separated by about a diameter, punctures on pronotum slightly larger than on head, interspaces with reticulate microsculpture on head, much smoother with only trace of reticulation on pronotum; elytra smooth, shiny with extremely shallow punctures separated by 2–4 times a diameter; appearing almost impunctate except at high magnification. Head with fine sparse even decumbent pubescence, each hair separated by about its length; clypeus with apex nearly linear. Eyes small, separated by more than 3 times eye width, coarsely faceted, posteriorly divergent towards temples, with weak orbital carina; ocular canthus triangulate, extending onto eye for distance of about 3 facets. Antennal insertions exposed, frons around antennal insertions emarginate. Antenna with 10 segments, with three-segmented oval club. Terminal segment of maxillary palpus narrowly conical, apex attenuate; membrane of sensory surface appearing as a narrow seam on mesal surface in distal one-fourth, slightly expanded at distal end. Pronotum transverse; basal margin strongly arcuate, with submarginal line; lateral margins nearly linear, with short scattered hairs; anterior margin deeply trapezoidally emarginate around head; lateral and anterior margins with fine bead. Scutellum minute. Elytra lacking distinct humeral calli, appearing glabrous, but with very short, erect, scattered setae visible at high magnification; lateral borders narrowly reflexed. Prosternum lacking carinae, slightly convex, anteriorly arcuate and flanged, tapered to a blunt point posteriorly. Mesoventrite trapezoidal, widest anteriorly, weakly emarginate medially with small cavity on anterior face to receive tip of prosternum. Abdomen with five visible ventrites; abdominal postcoxal line incomplete, curved posterolaterally, joining posterior margin of ventrite 1; ventrites 2–4 short, subequal; ventrite 5 elongate, tapered, posteriorly arcuate, extreme apex obscured by paper mount. Condition of metathoracic wing not assessed. Elytral epipleura slightly narrower than width of mesocoxa, tapered in posterior half of length, complete, with inner carina reaching apex, shallowly foveolate or depressed to receive middle and hind femora. Legs with cryptotetramerous tarsi; tarsal claws narrow, sickle-shaped, basally slightly swollen, lacking a distinct basal tooth. Genitalia not dissected. Specimen examined. Paratype: “L.J. TOXOPEUS/Buru.Station 17/22-23Oct. ’21 (rectangular white label)/ TYPUS (retangular reddish brown label)/Korschefsky collection/1952 (rectangular white label)” (USNM). Distribution. Known only from the type locality, Buru Island, Indonesia. Notes. Korchefsky (1944) described this species from two specimens acquired from J. B. Corporaal, Zoolo- gischen Museum, Amsterdam (ZMAN). The holotype was supposedly returned to the Amsterdam museum, but it is not listed in the online database on Coleoptera types from the Orient hosted by ZMAN (2010). The second specimen in the type series was retained in Korschefsky’s private collection which was later acquired by the USNM. The USNM specimen of S. buruensis is presumed to be the paratype. It agrees with the label data in the original description except that Korschefsky’s writeup transposes the L. and the J. (i.e. He wrote “J. L. Toxopeus”) and there appears to be a transcription error in the date which was written as “22—230 et., 1921.” Examination of the USNM specimen confirms our suspicion that the species is not correctly classified in Stictobura, but belongs instead in the genus Sticholotis (Slipinski, 2004; Wang et al., 2010). Korschefsky stated that this species is closely related to S. gibbula (see preceding entry). Of the Neotropical members of the tribe Sticholotidini, S. buruensis is most similar to members of the genus Nexophallus Gordon (1969), but differs in having an incomplete postcoxal line and tarsal claw lacking the small basal tooth.

A REVISION OF STICTOBURA CROTCH Zootaxa 3031 © 2011 Magnolia Press · 9 FIGURES 19–32. Male genitalia of Stictobura spp.: 19–23. S. pallideguttata: 19. Tegmen, lateral view; 20. Tegmen, ventral view; 21. Sipho; 22, 23. Siphonal apex; 24–27. Stictobura semipolita: 24. Tegmen, lateral view; 25. Tegmen, ventral view; 26. Sipho; 27. Siphonal apex; 28–32. Stictobura melanaria: 28. Tegmen, lateral view; 29. Tegmen, ventral view; 30. Sipho; 31. Siphonal apex; 32. Female genitalia (part): enlarged bursa.

10 · Zootaxa 3031 © 2011 Magnolia Press POORANI ET AL. FIGURES 33–39. Sticholotis magnostriata sp. n.: 33. Dorsal view; 34. Lateral view; 35. Frontal view; 36–39. Male genitalia: 36. Tegmen, lateral view; 37. Tegmen, ventral view; 38. Sipho; 39. Siphonal apex.

As mentioned earlier, some species of Sticholotis seem to be rather larger than average and are similar to Sticto- bura. A new species of Sticholotis from northeastern India (from the state of Assam), which was sent as part of a loan of Stictobura specimens received from BMNH, is described below. Diagnosis. The elytral pattern and presence of characteristic dual punctures on elytra with larger punctures arranged in striae readily separate this species from the other species of Sticholotis and Stictobura of this region. The male genitalia are diagnostic. Description. Male: Length: 4.50–4.75 mm; width: 4.00–4.50 mm; TL/EW: 1.04–1.07; EL/EW: 0.88–0.91; PL/PW: 0.43–0.44. Form (Fig. 33) more or less circular, moderately convex; dorsum apparently glabrous. Head and pronotum reddish brown; ground colour of elytra dark brown, with seven spots arranged in a 2-2-1-2 pattern as follows: three pairs of yellowish spots—one on basal margin on either side of scutellum, one on lateral side just before middle, and one in posterior half; and one reddish brown, much larger, transverse oval spot around middle of elytra; lateral margins of elytra paler, reddish brown (Figs. 33, 34). Antenna and mouthparts reddish brown. Ventral side more or less uniform reddish brown, metaventrite slightly darker brown in the paratype. Head (Fig. 35) with anterior clypeal margin distinctly deeply emarginate medially; eyes broadly separated, interocular distance ca. 2.7x as wide as an eye; densely punctate with punctures separated by their own diameter or less, slightly more widely spaced towards clypeal margin; interspaces with strong reticulate microsculpture. Antenna 11-segmented. Prono- tum with much finer punctures than those on head and more widely separated by 3–5 diameters, interspaces apparently smooth, punctures on anterior margin much finer than those on disc, punctures on anterolateral corners slightly more closely spaced, with weakly reticulate microsculpture between interspaces. Elytra slightly broader than long, with lateral margins weakly explanate; punctures distinctly dual, large punctures mainly arranged in slightly irregular rows, at least six rows clearly visible from sutural line, particularly around middle, somewhat tapering off towards apices, one complete row of larger punctures apparent on lateral margin; punctures between rows much finer, widely separated,; interspaces between punctures smooth, shiny. Prosternal intercoxal process trapezoidal and strongly narrowed towards posterior, anterior margin triangularly emarginate with a short median tubercle, anterior margin of mesoventrite shallowly emarginate. Epipleura foveolate on level with middle and hind legs. Tarsi cryptotetramerous. Abdominal postcoxal lines incomplete, ventrite 5 apically shallowly emarginate. Male genitalia (Figs. 36–39) with basal lobe elongate cylindrical anteriorly, gradually widened towards apex, apically rounded and produced into a short, tubular process in ventral view (Fig. 37), parameres longer than basal lobe, apically densely hairy; sipho (Figs. 38, 39) as illustrated with a distinct capsule. Female: Not known. Specimens examined. Holotype male: Doherty/Assam, Patkai Mts/Fry Coll.1905.100 (dissected, male genitalia in vial on same pin) (BMNH); Paratype male: With the same data as holotype (BMNH). Etymology. The species epithet is in reference to its large size and arrangement of larger elytral punctures apparently in the form of striae.

Acknowledgements

Thanks are due to Dr. Adam Ślipiński, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia, for loan of specimens and useful comments on the manuscript.

References

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