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Index

Aaronovitch, D. 410 equality of access to orphans for Abady, M. 436 care 76 Abbas, A. 14, 18, 29, 32, 43, 46 fraudulent activity and trafficking Abdal-Haqq, I. 407 concerns 75–6 Abdalla, M. 42 future solutions 74–6 Abdul Rahman, N. 28–9 Hague Convention on Intercountry Abdullah, A. 224, 231–2 Adoption 52, 66, 68–9 Abdullah, N. 235, 238 inheritance issues 58, 60, 61, 74, 76 Abiad, N. 147 and international law 68–9 ablution () (dry ritual Islamic countries 55–67 ablution) 303 Islamic countries, post-colonial see also health issues pragmatists and international abortion 282–5 migration 60–64, 76 and ensoulment 283 Islamic countries, strict compliance see also contraception use; genetic 56–9 engineering and ethics; women kafala definition 49–51 Aboulgar, M. 281 migration and permanence 72–4 Accounting and Auditing Organization naming considerations 74 for Islamic Finance Institutions open and ethical adoption 70, 74, (AAOIFI) 173, 175, 176 75 see also banking practices, permanency issues 50–51 permitting adoption via a purposive ad-Diyyah (compensation), and approach and influence of urf restorative justice 257, 263, 266, (custom) 64–6, 76 267 Western constructs 51–5 Adhar, R. 75 Western constructs, Australia 51–2, Admad, H. 147 71 adoption (kafala) Western constructs, Canada 54–5 colonial legacies and family laws, Western constructs, France 53–4 Singapore 29–30 ADR see alternative dispute resolution prohibition of formal 279 (ADR) and family law see also children adultery (zina) 274, 275, 281 adoption (kafala) application in the see also genetic engineering and West 48–76 ethics change, adaptation and recognition Afary, J. 416–17 70–74 Afghanistan Convention on the Rights of the Bamiyan Buddhas 342, see also Child (CROC) see Convention on the Rights of the Child kafala (adoption) interpretation (CROC) 57–8, 59

453

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African Charter on the Rights and Alsharif, A. 385 Welfare of the Child 78, 79 Alsubaie, M. 6, 201–16 Afzan, M. 267 alternative dispute resolution (ADR) Aghababaei, E. 181 and family law 120–38 Aghānī Miniatures 337–8 classical Islamic thought and theory see also Islamic art 120–23 Ahmad, F. 163 personal autonomy 137 Ahmed, F. 137 private arrangement concerns 137–8 Ahmed, H. 168 alternative dispute resolution (ADR) Ahmed, M. 167, 174, 175 and family law, Singapore Ahmed, N. 149, 150, 151 128–36 Ahmed, W. 151 Administration of Muslim Law Act Ahmetasevic, N. 414 (AMLA) 129–30, 131, 132–3, AIDS 302 134, 135 see also health issues Arbitration Act 134 Aisha, N. 16 fatawa opinions 129 Akub, A. 361 Majlis Ugama Singapura al-‘Afw (pardon), Malaysia 256 (MUIS) 129, 130, 133, 135 Al-’Alim, A. 86, 88 minorities and special position of Al-Alwani, T. 334, 335, 336, 345 128–9 Al-Attas, S. 260 Shari’ah Court 130–36 Al-Bassam, I. 378 sulh-based practice 134–5 Al-din, A. 181 alternative dispute resolution (ADR) Al-Fārūqī, I. 334, 338, 343, 344 and family law, UK 123–8 Al Faruqi, I. and L. 244 Arbitration Act 123–4, 127 Al-Jawziyya, I. 246 community-based Shari’ah courts Al-Julaydi, S. 84, 88 126–8 Al-Khalifa, H. 385 mediation and Shari’ah Law 124–8 Al-Qaradawi, Y. 241, 296, 298 Altorki, S. 378 Al-Ramahi, A. 121 Aman, A. 247 Al Sabiq, S. 191 ‘American ’ (Birk) 348 Al-Sagoff, S. 255, 256 Amin, S. 188 Al-Sheha, A. 372, 386 Amir, D. 430, 439 Al Tamimi, J. 387 An-Na’im, A. 80, 81, 219 Al-‘Umari, N. 299 Anderson, J. 275 Al-Zahiriy, A. 108 aniconism (geometry and linear Al-Zuhaily, W. 84, 91, 108, 116 patterns) 337, 343–5 Albanese, J. 208 see also Islamic art Albertini, T. 342 Antúnez, J. 408, 415 Alexander, N. 201 Anwar, R. 436 , A. 252 apostasy see blasphemy and apostasy Ali, M. 8, 428–51 Araeen, R. 344 Ali, S. 242 Arafa, M. 210 Alibašic´, A. 419, 422, 423, 425, 426 Ardic, N. 70 Alig, A. 382 Aroney, N. 75 Allam, H. 248 Arouri, M. 211 Allen, R. 436 art see Islamic art Almihdar, Z. 275, 276, 280, 285, 286 Arthur, J. 168

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Index 455

Ašcˇeric´-Todd, I. 407 banking practices see banking Atighetchi, D. 275, 279, 280, 282 practices, Bangladesh Atjeh, A. 430 corporate social responsibility and Auda, J. 184 workplace see corporate social Australia responsibility and workplace Australian Competition and casualties, Bangladesh Consumer Commission v Turi Islamic Investment Company of the Foods 313 Gulf (Bahamas) Ltd. v colonial legacies and family laws Symphony Gems 168 see colonial legacies and banking practices 159–77 business in Islam 160–62 family laws, Australia economic development focus 161–2 Concord MD v Coles 190 interest-based transactions, corporate crime 215 prohibition of 161, 162 food regulation see food regulation ownership-oriented selling 162 and religion, Australia profit-loss sharing (PLS) strategies HvH21 162, 164–73 kafala (adoption) application 51–2, banking practices, Bangladesh 163–73 71 Accounting and Auditing kafala (adoption) and migration Organization for Islamic 72–4 Finance Institutions (AAOIFI) Mabo v Queensland 16 standards 173, 175, 176 Mohamed v Mohamed 44–5 Banking Companies Act and Mohammed & Gastana 40 Shari’ah principles 163 Oltman & Harper 22 debt-based sale-lease transactions R v Wattle Gully Gold Mines 213 (DST) 164–73 Tahiri 73–4, 75 equity based profit-and-loss-sharing Wold v Kleppier 21, 23 (PLS) 164–73 Yanner v Eaton 180, 181 failure of delivery and burden of Ayman, S. 64 proof 168–9 Ayub, M. 170 financing modes 164–5 Azhari, R. 257–8 implementing mechanism 173–6 interest rate utilisation 166, 167, Aziz, N. 258 170–72 mark-up practice 166–7, 169–72 Babic´, M. 426 Musharakah and Mudarabah Babuna, A. 410, 411 (partnerships or joint ventures) Badawi, B. and G. 154 164–5 Badawi, J. 243, 245 price determination 169–70 Baer, E. 340 risk-taking issues 167–9 Bahçecik, Ş. 249 Shari’ah Councils (SCS) 174–5 Baiz, K. 165 Shari’ah Supervisory Board (SSB) Baldwin, F. 204 173–6 Bamiyan Buddhas 342 Bano, S. 125 see also Islamic art Bargach, J. 49, 56 Bangladesh Barkow, A. and R. 209, 216 Ain O Salish Kendra (ASK) v Barratt, A. 78 Government of Bangladesh 152 Bartels, E. 420, 423

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Barton, G. 359 death penalty moratorium 223–4 Becker, J. 352, 356 expansion of blasphemy laws and Begum, A. 5, 159–77 political motives 221–3 Benjamin, H. 312 Human Rights Commission of Bennett, C. 425 223 Bentham, J. 182 Indian Penal Code effects 220–21 Berg, B. 363–4 opponents as victims 223–4 Berkovic, N. 45 Blumi, I. 407 Berry, S. 221 Boone, J. 248 Bhatia, A. 155 Bosnia and Hercegovina and Bhuian, S. 205 progressive Islam 405–27 Birk, S., ‘American Quran’ 348 Fatwa Council 414 Birnbaum, M. 419 School of jurisprudence 407, Bisri, C. 367 413 Black, A. 4, 13–47, 52, 75, 122, 280, history of Balkan Islam 406–10 285, 286, 289, 417, 420 history of Balkan Islam, blasphemy and apostasy 217–49 communism effects 408–9 blasphemy and apostasy, future history of Balkan Islam, directions 243–9 institutionalisation of religious education about role of human education for Islamic agency 244–5 minorities, effects of 409–10 international initiative to combat intra-religious relations 412–16 and promotion of rationality and practicality focus hate 246–9 413–14, 415–16 Organization of Islamic religious public holidays and Cooperation (OIC) and free ceremonies 424–5 speech issues 248–9 Salafism 410–12, 414–16, 417 blasphemy and apostasy, in Islamic Saudi financial aid 411 tradition 224–7, 235–8, 242 secular state and religious diversity death penalty support 227–9, 230, 422–6 232, 236–7 406–7 divine law as product of human vandalism of religious sites 425 juristic agency 244–5 Bosnia and Hercegovina and interpretation differences 230–33, progressive Islam, women and 235–9, 242, 243 Islam 416–22 rulings of pre-modern thinkers domestic violence programs and (taqlid) and undiluted imitation women’s shelters 421 240, 242, 243, 245–6 higher education 421 blasphemy and apostasy, Malaysian marriage 419–21 apostasy laws 233–5, 238–42 and niqab 417–19, 420 apostasy differentiation issues religious education 421–2 239–40, 242 Bouchard, G. 321–2 death penalty 234, 238, 240–41 Bougarel, X. 423 Hudud Bill and apostasy definition Bourdieu, P. 321 233–5, 238, 239, 241–2 Bowen, D. 282 and treason 240–41, 242 Bowen, J. 127 blasphemy and apostasy, Pakistan Brady, M. 287, 288 blasphemy laws 219–24 Braidotti, R. 309

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Index 457

Branine, M. 202 and guardianship see Libya, ‘best Brenner, A. 323–4 interests of the child’ concept Brockopp, J. 282 and guardianship Brooke, C. 322–3 trafficking 75–6 Brown, C. 430 World Declaration on the Survival, Bryan, M. 196 Protection and Development of Bucy, P. 204 Children 77–8 Bull, P. 430 see also adoption; guardianship; Burckhardt, T. 332 women Burgess, R. 8, 405–27 Chowdhury, A. 160, 163, 174 Burman, S. 78 Chowdhury, S. 150 Bustān (Fruit Orchard) (Sa’di) 338 Chowdhury, Z. 150 see also Islamic art Clemons, R. 314 Butt, P. 185, 188 Coelho, P. 146 cohabitation 24 Caeiro, A. 41 see also marriage Cairo Declaration of Human Rights in colonial legacies and family laws Islam 156 13–47 Calamur, K. 217 common legal heritage 13–14 Calder, N. 292 community acceptance versus Calderini, S. 414 community concerns 32–4 calligraphic styles 345–6 consistency versus diversity 39–42 see also Islamic art, Qur’anic verse convergence and divergence 30–46 Campbell, K. 382 courts working together versus Canada separately 42–5 Kaddoura v Hammoud 44 divorce 25–30 kafala (adoption) application 54–5 historical context 15–18 ‘limping’ marriages 28 homogeneity versus heterogeneity Marcovitz v Bruker 44 35 minority cultural practices, indigenous peoples versus accommodation of 321–2 immigrants 31 khuluk/khula (no-fault) divorce 25, Carey, G. 377 27, 28, 38–9 Carroll, L. 61 mahr (dowry) provisions 19, 27, 44 Cavia, B. 311 mandatory versus voluntary censorship, Islamic art 341, 347–8 jurisdiction 36–9 Ceric´, M. 413–14, 415–16, 427 marriage 19–25 Chan, S. 13, 15, 30 unofficial versus professional 45–6 Chan, W. 18 colonial legacies and family laws, Chapra, M. 147, 161 Australia children cohabitation 24 child marriage 22, 285–6 divorce and Family Law Act 25–7, childcare centres 396–8 37–8, 44–5 Convention on the Rights of the fatwas, sources of 41–2 Child (CROC) see Convention ‘forced’ or ‘servile’ marriages 23 on the Rights of the Child ‘limping’ marriages 27–8, 38 (CROC) Marriage Act 21–2

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Muslim Community Reference transparency and appellate review Group (MCRG) 37 45–6 Muslim ethnicities 355 wali position in marriage 20, 24 ‘one law for all’ 14, 24, 33–4, 35, Women’s Charter 18, 19, 24, 31 36 colonialism, sermon (khutbahs) and opt-in system concerns 37–8 edict (fatwas), and same-sex marriage 24 Malaya 428–51 Shari’ah adherence, voluntary 17 contextual dimension 438–42 Shari’ah law experts 40 continuity and change, evidence of talak/talaq (pronouncement) divorce 440–42 fatwa sources 433–5 23–4, 25, 26 Friday sermon, functions of 436–8, terra nullus concept 16 439–40 underage and polygamous lack of legal enforcement 437–8 marriages 22 languages used 432–3 colonial legacies and family laws, local traditions, attitudes towards Singapore 441 Administration of Muslim Law Act Muslim diversity and local norms, (AMLA) 17–18, 19–20, 24–5, attitudes towards 442–5 28–9, 32, 37, 39–40, 43 other religions, attitudes towards adoption 29–30 445–50 cohabitation 24 performative aspect of sermon 430, divorce 28–9, 38 436 divorce and maintenance and political aspect 438 custody issues 29–30, 43 preacher’s communication skills gross indecency acts and 439–40 homosexuality 24 and preacher’s education and khuluk/khula (no-fault) divorce performance 430 38–9 preacher’s individual interpretation legal aid 46 436 legal dualism and Shari’ah Court preacher’s sources 431–2 system 14, 15–16, 17–18, and religious space 429–38 31–2, 34, 36–7, 39 sermons published for wider Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura circulation 435–6 (MUIS) 18, 32, 35, 36, 39–40 unbelievers (kafir) types 446–8 Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura see also fatwas (MUIS), fatwas 40, 41 communication Muslim Advisory Board 18 languages used 432–3 polygamous marriages 20 preacher’s communication skills registration system (ROMM) for 439–40 Muslim births, conversions and sermons published for wider marriages 20, 24, 36 circulation 435–6 Registry of Muslim Marriages see also colonialism, sermon (ROMM) 20–21 (khutbahs) and edict (fatwas), Shari’ah Court’s lack of powers of Indonesia and Malaya; enforcement 42–3 interpretation talak/talaq (pronouncement) divorce community as stakeholder, and 28 restorative justice 254–6

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Index 459

compensation (ad-Diyyah), and corporate social responsibility and restorative justice 257, 263, 266, workplace casualties, Bangladesh 267 141–58 consumer requirements and demands, Cairo Declaration of Human Rights and food regulation 319–20 in Islam 156 contraception use 284, 305–6 corporate social responsibility sterilisation for birth control 302–3 definition 146–7 see also abortion; genetic corporation, legal definition 145–6 engineering and ethics; health employment levels and exploitation issues; women 141–2 Generalised System of Preferences Convention on the Elimination of All (GSP) program suspension 151 Forms of Discrimination against hierarchies in corporate Women (CEDAW) management 153–4, 155 educational rights for women International Covenant on 371–2, 375, 377, 386, 388, Economic, Social and Cultural 391, 393, 399, 400 Rights 156 genetic engineering and ethics legal system 143–4 274–5, 276, 286 occupational health and safety Convention on the Rights of the Child 148–57 (CROC) 58, 66, 69, 276, 398–9 Rana Plaza collapse 142, 149, 150, Libya, and ‘best interests of the 155 child’ concept 77, 78, 79, right to life as fundamental right 82–3, 87, 101–2 152–3, 156 Conyon, M. 146 Shari’ah law, rights and obligations Corbett, M. 7–8, 331–49 143–5, 147–8, 151–6 cornea transplant 303–4 stakeholder theory of the see also health issues corporation 146, 152 corporate criminal liability, Saudi Tazreen Fashions 142, 149–50, 155 Arabia 201–16 Universal Declaration of Human companies responsible for criminal Rights (UDHR) 156 act by employee 206–7 Universal Islamic Declaration of corporate crime and lack of Human Rights (UIDHR) 157 transparency 205–9 see also employment levels crime rate 207–8 Coulson, N. 58 criticisms 209–13 Cox, H. 325 economic liberalisation effects criminal justice system research, 203–4 Malaysia 251–2 Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) criminal liability, corporate see 202, 213 corporate criminal liability, Saudi individual liability 212 Arabia judicial proceedings’ delays 214 Criminal Procedure Code, Malaysia outdatedness 212 266–8 penalties 206–7, 208–9, 212, 215 cryopreservation of embryos 282 sanctions, ineffective 213 see also genetic engineering and Tamimi Global Company Ltd ethics (TAFGA) 208 custody issues and divorce 29–30, 43 trust, lack of 212 see also divorce

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Dajlerup, D. 418 Eck, D. 445–6 Daniels, T. 355 economic development focus, banking Davies, M. 309, 325–6 practices 161–2 Davis, J. 145 economic liberalisation effects, death penalty 234, 238, 240–41 corporate criminal liability, Saudi moratorium 223–4 Arabia 203–4 support 227–9, 230, 232, 236–7 edicts see fatwas debt-based sale-lease transactions education (DST) 164–73 higher 383–4, 385, 421 see also banking practices, human agency role, and blasphemy and apostasy 244–5 Bangladesh preacher’s education and Dhofier, Z. 356 performance, Indonesia and Dickens, B. 282 Malaya 430 Diskant, E. 204 religious 409–10, 421–2 diversity, Muslim diversity and local educational rights for women in Saudi norms, attitudes towards, Arabia 371–402 Indonesia and Malaya 442–5 Basic Law of Governance and divorce human rights 372–6 colonial legacies and family laws Basic Law of Governance and 25–30, 38 Shari’ah law 375–7 and Family Law Act, Australia childcare centres 396–8 25–7, 37–8, 44–5 Convention on the Elimination of khuluk/khula (no-fault) divorce 25, All Forms of Discrimination 27, 28, 38–9 against Women (CEDAW) maintenance and custody issues 371–2, 375, 377, 386, 388, 29–30, 43 391, 393, 399, 400 parental separation issues 104–5 driving restrictions 395–6 polygyny, divorce and gender early marriage issues 398–9 inequality 20, 22, 279–80, 281 guardians’ dominance 388–9 talak/talaq (pronouncement) divorce ignorance of rights 399–401 23–4, 25, 26, 28 international organisations, women’s see also marriage involvement in 387 Doi, A. 252 leadership positions 386–7 domestic violence 268, 421 reform recommendations 386–401 see also women Saudisation employment policy Donaldson, T. 146 393–4 Donboli, J. 145, 211 specialisations, lack of available Donohue, J. 169 390–93, 394, 400–401 Doumato, A. 382 unemployment issues 392–4 dowry (mahr) provisions 19, 27, 44 unemployment issues, job market Drenik, S. 371 fund proposal 394 driving rights, women’s 277–8, 395–6 vocational guidance, need for 392 Duderija, A. 411, 412, 417, 418, 419 women’s rights as focus, need for Dunn, N. 274, 283 387 women’s rights overview 372–7 Eadie, K. 4–5, 48–76 educational rights for women in Saudi Eagleton, T. 308 Arabia, history 378–86

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Index 461

Dar Al-Hanan school 379–80 Essof, I. 28, 37, 38 gender segregation issues 384–5 ethics General Presidency of Female adoption, open and ethical 70, 74, Education (GPFE) 380, 382–3, 75 384 food regulation and demands for higher education programme 383–4, humane treatment of animals, 385 Australia 316–17 intermediate and secondary school and genetic engineering see genetic examinations as external engineering and ethics students 378–9 European Court of Human Rights, non-religious education 381–2 Harroudj v France 49, 52–4, 64, puberty, seclusion and veiling 378 70, 75 public opposition 381 royal family support 381–2, 383 euthanasia 303 supervision 384 see also health issues Egypt Evans, M. 194 collective and fatwas 300 foster parents and child name Fakeeh, M. 395 changes 59 family laws inheritance rights 58 and alternative dispute resolution kafala (adoption) interpretation (ADR) see alternative dispute 58–9 resolution (ADR) and family Ekadjati, E. 351 law El Matrah, J. 31, 34 colonial legacies see colonial El-Dakkak, M. 259 legacies and family laws El-Gamal, M. 148, 159, 164, 165, 170 Fang, L. 261, 262 El-Ghanim, W. 201 fatwas El-Ghattis, N. 159 alternative dispute resolution (ADR) El-Sanabary, N. 378 and family law, Singapore 129 Elizur, Y. 208 and collective ijtihad 299, 300 Elkhatib, D. 161–2 colonial legacies and family laws Elsaman, R. 143, 145 40, 41–2 employment levels Fatwa Council, Bosnia and and duties of guardian 100, 102–3 Hercegovina and progressive Saudisation of employment policy Islam 414 393–4 and sermons see colonialism, and workplace provisions, Saudi sermon (khutbahs) and edict Arabia 277 (fatwas), Indonesia and Malaya see also corporate social female genital mutilation (FGM) responsibility and workplace 287–8 casualties, Bangladesh see also genetic engineering and Engelen, P.-J. 208 ethics ensoulment, and abortion 283 Ferdausi, F. 141, 142 Entoy, A. 360 figurative representations of the Ernst, C. 224, 225 Prophet, evolution of 338, 339 Esmaeili, H. 5, 178–98 see also Islamic art Esposito, J. 1 (Islamic jurisprudence) 57, 243, Esq, U. 159, 168 276, 413

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cornea implants 304 free range certification in egg and as divine word of God 244 poultry production 313–14 Hanafi school, Bosnia 426 see also food regulation and hudud offences 235 religion, Australia impact of education on 261 free speech issues 248–9 and 361–2 see also blasphemy and apostasy, property law and trusts, 181–2 future directions Flood, F. 336, 341, 342 Friday sermon, functions of 436–8, Focho, E. 413 439–40 Fontes, A. 58 Friedman, M. 146 food regulation and religion 307–27 consumer requirements and Gaffaney, K. 176 demands 319–20 and Enlightenment values 322–4 gambus 363–4 legal rights and rules 320–22 see also music in contemporary philosophy of science, and rules Indonesia and reason 322–4 Gbadamosi, O. 274, 276, 280, 285 regulation and values 319–20 gender inequality, polygyny and religion as repository of values divorce 20, 22, 279–80, 281 324–6 see also divorce; genetic research project 310–12 engineering and ethics and secularism 308–9, 322–3, gender segregation issues, Saudi 324–6 Arabia 384–5 food regulation and religion, Australia Generalised System of Preferences ethical demands for humane (GSP) program suspension, treatment of animals 316–17 Bangladesh 151 food safety 317–19 genetic engineering and ethics 273–88 food safety, traditional practices abortion 282–5 318–19 abortion, and ensoulment 283 free range certification in egg and adoption, prohibition of formal 279 poultry production 313–14 adultery (zina) 274, 275, 281 certification 314–17 child marriage 285–6 halal certification, theological contraception use 284 credibility 315 Convention on the Elimination of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system 318 All Forms of Discrimination live export of animals for slaughter against Women (CEDAW) 316–17 274–5, 286 stunning of animals 317 cryopreservation of embryos 282 ‘forced’ or ‘servile’ marriages 23 female genital mutilation (FGM) see also marriage 287–8 Foster, N. 202 medically assisted reproduction Foucault, M. 319, 320, 323 (MAR) 280–82 France polygyny, divorce and gender adoption and care arrangements inequality 279–80, 281 53–4 sex selection technologies 282 kafala (adoption) application 53–4 sperm banks 281 Freamon, B. 143 women in Islamic world 274–9

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Index 463

genetic engineering and ethics, Saudi geometry and linear patterns Arabia (aniconism) 337, 343–5 abortion 283–4 see also Islamic art child marriage 286 George, K. 346, 347, 348, 349 contraception use 284 Ghāmidī, J. 232, 245 Convention on the Elimination of Ghena, K. 26 All Forms of Discrimination Ghosh, P. 141, 142 against Women (CEDAW) Gibb, H. 432 reservations 276, 286 Gigler, F. 158 Convention on the Rights of the Gillani, W. 224 Child (CRC) reservations 276 Gillard, J. 13 employment and workplace Gleave, R. 2 provisions 277 families and male authority Gocer, A. 332, 338 (guardianship) 277 Golomb, L. 450 female genital mutilation (FGM) Grabar, O. 333–4, 337, 345 288 gross indecency acts and School of legal governance homosexuality, Singapore 24 275–6, 286 Gruber, C. 338, 339, 340, 341 human rights protection 277 guardianship medically assisted reproduction and children see Libya, and ‘best (MAR) 281 interests of the child’ concept strict separation of the sexes 276 and guardianship voting rights 277 dominance, and educational rights Wahhabi tradition and Shari’ah for women in Saudi Arabia interpretation 276 388–9 women’s driving rights 277–8 families and male authority, Saudi genetic engineering and ethics, Arabia 277 Tunisia see also children abortion 283, 284–5 Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) 202, child marriage 286 213 Code of Personal Status and equality 278–9 Habermas, J. 309 contraception use 284 Habib, N. 223 Convention on the Elimination of Hachemi, S. 187 All Forms of Discrimination Hafizovic´, R. 414 against Women (CEDAW) Hague Convention on Intercountry 274–5, 286 Adoption 52, 66, 68–9 cryopreservation of embryos 282 Hak, N. 132 discipline and disobedient women halal certification 314–17 279 see also food regulation and and Hanafi schools of law religion, Australia 278 Hallaq, W. 122, 293, 294 medically assisted reproduction Hammado, N. 7, 273–88 (MAR) 281–2 Hamoudi, H. 159, 162, 173 polygyny criminalisation 280 Handayani, I. 354, 356, 365 sperm banks 281 Hansen, L. 216 Genn, C. 406 Harnish, D. 352, 355, 363, 366

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Hasan, A. 292–3 see also Islamic art Hasan, J. 141 ijtihad (Islamic legal reasoning) Hascall, S. 253 289–306 Hashim, A. 217, 218, 223 interpretation process 291–6 Hasnas, J. 204 Majma’ al-Buhuts al-Islamiyah Hassan, M. 162, 167, 173 conference 296–8 Hayat, Z. 221, 222 Qur’an as undisputed word of God health issues 289–90 and fatwas see ijtihad (Islamic legal ijtihad (Islamic legal reasoning), reasoning), health issues and collective 296–301 fatwas, Indonesia at organisational level 300–301 guardian’s health considerations and international level and Fiqh ‘best interests of the child’ Academy 299 98–9, 101, 104 national level and fatwas 299, 300 Hearn, B. 159 ijtihad (Islamic legal reasoning), Helfand, M. 128, 137 health issues and fatwas, Helli, M. 182, 191, 195 Indonesia 301–6 Hermawan, D. 364–5 AIDS 302 Hessini, L. 283, 285 cornea transplant 303–4 Higgins, D. 51 euthanasia 303 Hinnells, J. 406 IUD (intra-uterine device) 305–6 Hirvonen, H. 57 mixed marriage 303 Holden, K. 164, 173 organ transplant and donation 303 homosexuality and gross indecency pill for preventing menstruation acts, Singapore 24 304–5 Homoud, S. 172 sterilisation for birth control 302–3 Hooker, M. 438 tayammum (dry ritual ablution) 303 Hooker, V. 345, 347 vasectomy and tubectomy 303 Hosen, N. 1–9, 41, 42, 289–306, 316, images and Islamic art 334–6, 338–9 326 Imamovic´, S. 415 Hourani, A. 241 Indonesia human rights Chanel dress protest 346–7 Basic Law of Governance and collective ijtihad at organisational human rights, Saudi Arabia level 300–301 372–6 colonialism, sermon (khutbahs) and Human Rights Commission of edict (fatwas) see colonialism, Pakistan 223 sermon (khutbahs) and edict right to life as fundamental right, (fatwas), Indonesia and Malaya Bangladesh 152–3, 156 health issues and fatwas see ijtihad Hunter, M. 160 (Islamic legal reasoning), Hussain, J. 87 health issues and fatwas, Hussin, N. 6, 250–69 Indonesia Huynh, D. 215 music see music in contemporary Hye, H. 149 Indonesia inheritance issues and adoption 58, Ibrahim, A. 148 60, 61, 74, 76 iconoclasm 334, 341–3 instruments, use of 354, 357, 358–9

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Index 465

see also music in contemporary iconophobia fallacy 334 Indonesia images and 334–6 intellectual property, Iran 193 images that rival God’s creation interest-based transactions 161, 162, 336, 338–9 166, 167, 170–72 Islamic law engagement 333–4 see also banking practices kings, heroes and princes 340 International Covenant on Economic, legal misconception 334–7 Social and Cultural Rights 156 portraiture 337–40 international initiative to combat portraiture, and early interpretations Islamophobia and promotion of of Islamic law 337–8 hate 246–9 power of images to distract the see also blasphemy and apostasy, mind from object of devotion future directions international organisations, women’s 336–7 involvement in, Saudi Arabia 387 Sa‘di’s Bustan (Fruit Orchard) 338 interpretation Shāma’il al-Rasūl (Features of the differences, blasphemy and apostasy Prophet) manual 338 230–33, 235–9, 242, 243 symbolism use 339–40 ijtihad interpretation process 291–6 Islamic art, Qur’anic verse 345–8 preacher’s individual interpretation, appropriateness concerns 346–7 Indonesia and Malaya 436 Birk’s ‘American Quran’ 348 Wahhabi tradition and Shari’ah calligraphic styles 345–6 interpretation, Saudi Arabia religious censorship 347–8 276 self-censorship 347 see also communication Islamophobia, international initiative intra-religious relations, Bosnia and to combat 246–9 Hercegovina 412–16 see also blasphemy and apostasy, Iran, property law see property law future directions and trusts, Iran Ismail, M. 450 Isabel, F. 229 IUD (intra-uterine device) and Islam, M. 149, 150 contraception 305–6 Islamic art 331–49 see also contraception use; genetic Aghānī Miniatures 337–8 engineering and ethics; health Bamiyan Buddhas, Afghanistan 342 issues censorship 341 Izutsu, T. 121 definition problems 332–4 diverse qualities and widespread Jabiri, M. 258 populations 332–3 Jackson, S. 242 figurative representations of the Jacquot, N. 160, 161 Prophet, evolution of 338, 339 Jahja, T. 353–4 finding Islam in 332–4 jaipong dance 350, 367 geometry and linear patterns see also music in contemporary (aniconism) and representation Indonesia of Divine presence 337, 343–5 Jamal, A. 4, 120–38 iconoclasm 341–3 Jasimuddin, S. 201 iconoclasm, expressive and Jefferson, M. 209 fundamentalism 341–2 Jentz, G. 208 iconoclasm, instrumental 341 joint ventures 164–5

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see also banking practices, Laessing, U. 385 Bangladesh Lahpan, N. 8, 350–70 Jones-Pauly, C. 278, 280, 283, 284, Lambton, A. 183 285 language see under communication Jordan, D. 237 Lau, M. 220 leadership positions, educational kafala see adoption (kafala) rights for women in Saudi kafalah (sponsorship), and Arabia 386–7 guardianship 84–5 Lean, N. 246 Kamali, M. 218, 232, 233, 234, 237, Lederer, G. 412 238, 239, 241, 243, 244, 245, legal aid, Singapore 46 291 legal dualism and Shari’ah Court Kaptein, N. 430 system, Singapore 14, 15–16, Karcˇic´, F. 408, 409, 411, 419, 422–3 17–18, 31–2, 34, 36–7, 39 Karcˇic´, H. 407, 408, 409, 411, 412, legal misconception, Islamic art 334–7 414 legal reasoning see ijtihad (Islamic Kartomi, M. 366 legal reasoning) Kashefi, F. 145, 211 Leigh, I. 220 Katouzian, N. 190 Leong, W. 15, 32 Katsetos, C. 287 Lewis, M. 147, 151 Kay, J. 148 Lewis, S. 316 Kennedy, C. 221 Libya, ‘best interests of the child’ Keung, N. 54, 55 concept and guardianship 77–119 Kevin, C. 162 African Charter on the Rights and Khadduri, M. 182 Welfare of the Child 78, 79 Khan, H. 264, 265 child definition 82–3 Khan, L. 3 child versus guardian rights 88–92 Khan, Maulana 232, 245 Convention on the Rights of the Khan, 154 Child (CROC) 77, 78, 79, Khan, S. 218–19 82–3, 87, 101–2 Khayat, M. 381 cultural effects 82 khuluk/khula (no-fault) divorce 25, 27, employment duties of guardian 100, 28, 38–9 102–3 see also divorce female assisting the male guardian Khutani, M. 8, 371–402 92, 96, 103 khutbahs (sermon) see colonialism, guardian’s accommodation 117–18 sermon (khutbahs) and edict guardian’s health considerations (fatwas), Indonesia and Malaya 98–9, 101, 104 Khyeda, S. 202 guardianship conditions 92–7 King, G. 341 guardianship definition 83–8 Kontoyannis, M. 287 kafalah (sponsorship) 84–5 Kuhn, T. 324 lapse of guardianship 92 Kutty, F. 6, 49, 54, 70, 71, 217–49 legal system 80–82 Libyan High Court (LHC) decisions la-dharar (no harm principle), 82, 83–5, 87, 89–106, 107, 110 property law and trusts, Iran 180 Libyan High Court (LHC) Lacey, R. 381 discretion 111–14

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Index 467

maintenance expenses 82, 108, 111, (khutbahs) and edict (fatwas), 112, 115–17 Indonesia and Malaya mother’s remarriage to stranger Malaysia 104, 111–14 apostasy laws see blasphemy and moving with the child inside the apostasy, Malaysian apostasy country 106–9 laws new-born babies 91 PP v Jessica Lim Lu Ping 268 non-Muslim guardians 91, 92 Ramah binti Ta’at v Laton binti ordering preference 87–8 Malim Sutan 261 parental rights 84 restorative justice see restorative justice in Islamic law, Malaysia parental separation/divorce issues Shaik Abdul Latiff v Shaik Elias 104–5 Bux 261 reinstating guardianship right Maldonado, D. 33 114–15 Malekian, F. 254 Shari’ah law effects 81, 82 Malik, J. 406, 409 silence of prospective guardians Malkin, L. 208 99–100, 105 Mandhour, I. 180 trustworthiness considerations 107 Mannan, M. 184 upholding guardianship 106–9 Mannheim, K. 32 visitation rights 109–10 mark-up practice 166–7, 169–72 World Declaration on the Survival, see also banking practices, Protection and Development of Bangladesh Children 77–8 Marmura, M. 434 Lim, H. 185 marriage ‘limping’ marriages, Australia 27–8, Bosnia and Hercegovina and 38 progressive Islam 419–21 see also marriage child marriage 285–6 Lindsey, T. 129 colonial legacies and family laws local traditions, attitudes towards, 19–25 Indonesia and Malaya 441 early marriage issues, Saudi Arabia Luban, D. 246 398–9 Luckin, O. 415 ‘limping’ marriages, Australia 27–8, Luhmann, N. 320 38 Luk, S. 137 Marriage Act, Australia 21–2 mixed marriage, Indonesia 303 McBride, S. 387 mother’s remarriage to stranger, McDowall, A. 394 Libya, and ‘best interests of Macfarlane, J. 19, 28 the child’ concept 104, 111–14 Madden, E. 343, 344, 346 polygyny 20, 22, 279–80, 281 Maddox, M. 312 registration system, Singapore 20, Maggs, P. 169 24, 36 mahr (dowry) provisions 19, 27, 44 same-sex marriage, Australia 24 maintenance expenses, children and wali position, Singapore 20, 24 guardianship 82, 108, 111, 112, see also cohabitation; divorce; 115–17 women Malaya, sermon (khutbahs) and edict Ma’shum, S. 359 (fatwas) see colonialism, sermon Masood, S. 224

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Masud, M. 2 Mortuza, G 149 Masyhuri, A. 303, 304, 435, 440, 447 Mudzhar, M. 301, 305 Masykur, S. 357, 358 Muhammad, R. 257 Mattson, I. 70–71 Mulia, M. 443 Maududi, A. 234–5, 240 Mulinge, M. 77, 78 Mayer, A. 221 Mullin Marta, J. 201 mediation (sulh) 124–8, 134–5, 264–5 Munni, M. 149 medically assisted reproduction Music, Z. 412 (MAR) 280–82 music in contemporary Indonesia see also genetic engineering and 350–70 ethics and cultural development 353–4 Menski, W. 62 gambus Arabic music 363–4 menstruation, pill for preventing 304–5 instruments, use of 354, 357, 358–9 see also health issues and Islamic symbols 352, 355, 366, Merdjanova, I. 408, 420 367, 368 Merritt, C. 28, 34 jaipong dance 350, 367 Mesaricˇ, A. 414, 415 lawfulness issues 351–5, 359–62 Mesrati, A. 5, 77–119 musik etnik Islami (ethnic music) Metz, H. 382 368–9 Meyer, H. 377 musik Islam (Islamic music) and migration and permanence, and musik Islami definitions and adoption 72–4 distinctions 362–6 Miller, R. 208 pesantren communities 351, 352, Min, C. 233 354, 356–62, 365 minorities and special position of pesantren communities, and local Malays, Singapore 128–9 culture, relationship with minority cultural practices, 357–9, 360–61 accommodation of, Canada pesantren communities, traditional 321–2 356–8 Mirdha, R. 150 Ramadhan and musik Islami 355 mixed marriage, Indonesia 303 and religion 352 see also marriage secular music and love songs 364–6 Moattari, A. 383 social and political aspects 363, Modarres, M. 195, 196 Mohamad, Maznah 20 366–9 Mohamad, Mohd 252 Sufism 359–60, 361–2 Mohamed, A. 159, 261, 262, 263 Syafi’i school 353–4 Mohr, R. 7, 307–27 West and musik Islami 366–9 Möhrenschlager, M. 215 Muslim, A. 244 Mokhiber, R. 209 Mǿnnesland, S. 424 Naraghi, A. 180 Moradi, H. 184 Naseef, F. 382 Nasir, J. 279 adoption and care arrangements 53 Nasution, H. 299 kafala (adoption) interpretation and Nayak, N. 220 guardianship 63–4, 72, 75 Neighbour, S. 22, 26 Morrison, K. 410, 417 Nettl, B. 352

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Index 469

New Zealand, adoption law changes penalties, corporate criminal liability, 71–2 Saudi Arabia 206–7, 208–9, 212, niqab wearing see veiling 215 Nizami, S. 164, 170 Penzer, M. 161 no harm principle (la-dharar), performative aspect of sermon 430, property law and trusts, Iran 180 436 Noman, O. 221 see also colonialism, sermon Noor, A. 261 (khutbahs) and edict (fatwas), Indonesia and Malaya occupational health and safety 148–57 personal autonomy, alternative dispute resolution (ADR) and family law see also corporate social 137 responsibility and workplace pesantren communities see under casualties, Bangladesh music in contemporary Indonesia O’Halloran, K. 50, 55, 58, 60–61, 62, Petrova, D. 222 64 Petry, R. 430 Okin, E. 408 Pippenger, M. 211 ‘one law for all’, Australia 14, 24, Pirous, A. 347 33–4, 35, 36 plea bargaining, Malaysia 267–8 Onsman, A. 211 Pleyers, G. 319 opt-in system concerns, Australia political aspects 37–8 music in contemporary Indonesia organ transplant and donation 303 363, 366–9 see also health issues sermon (khutbahs) and edict Organization of Islamic Cooperation (fatwas), Indonesia and Malaya (OIC) and free speech issues 438 248–9 Pollard, D. 202 Othman, A. 121 Pollard, R. 395 Otto, J. 201 polygyny 20, 22, 279–80, 281 Oudah, A. 256 see also marriage ownership-oriented selling 162 portraiture 337–40 see also banking practices see also Islamic art Possamai, A. 17 Preston, L. 146 Pakistan price determination 169–70 blasphemy laws see blasphemy and see also banking practices apostasy, Pakistan blasphemy Prodip, M. 141, 142 laws profit-loss sharing (PLS) strategies inheritance rights 60, 61 162, 164–73 kafala (adoption) interpretation and see also banking practices guardianship 60–63, 64, 72, 75 progressive Islam see Bosnia and Mst. Irfana Shaheen v Abid Waheed Hercegovina and progressive 61, 62 Islam pardon (al-‘Afw), Malaysia 256 property law and trusts, Iran 178–98 parental separation/divorce issues, absolute ownership of land and Libya, and ‘best interests of the property by God 184–5 child’ concept 104–5 Constitution 186–7 Parvin, M. 371 cooperative ownership 187

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Department of , Trusts and Rahman, A. 16, 32, 43, 47 Charities 197 Rahman, N. 129 fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) 181–2 Rahman, R. 153 industrial privatisation effects 187 Rahman, S. 235 intellectual property 193 Ramadan, H. 3 la-dharar (no harm principle) 180 Ramadhan and musik Islami 355 mal (property concept) 180–81 see also music in contemporary milk (relationship with a thing) 181 Indonesia minerals ownership 192–3 Rana Plaza collapse, Bangladesh 142, public versus private ownership 149, 150, 155 183–5 Rane, H. 34 Registration of Deeds and Rasmussen, A. 352, 355, 363, 366 Properties Act 192 Raudvere, C. 418, 421 taslit (control) principle 180 Rehman, J. 221, 242 Urban Land Act 192 religion as repository of values, and (trust) 194–7 food regulation 324–6 property law and trusts, Iran, Civil religious education, Bosnia and Code 187–91 Hercegovina 421–2 ahya mawat (working and religious public holidays and cultivating the land) 191 ceremonies, Bosnia and hagh entefa (right to use) 189 Hercegovina 424–5 hagh ertfagh (limited rights over religious space, sermon (khutbahs) another’s land) 190 and edict (fatwas), Indonesia and property classification 188 Malaya 429–38 property interests 189–90 repentance, Malaysia 259–60, 265–6 property ownership sources 190–91 restorative justice in Islamic law, public property 188–9 Malaysia 250–69 waqf 195–7 community as stakeholder 254–6 water ownership 191 compensation (ad-Diyyah) 257, puberty, seclusion and veiling, Saudi 263, 266, 267 Arabia 378 criminal justice system research see also veiling 251–2 Criminal Procedure Code 266–8 Qafisheh, M. 253, 256 current practices 265–8 Qasaymeh, K. 162, 164, 172 current practices, repentance 265–6 qisas (laws of retaliation) 253–4, Domestic Violence Act 268 262–3 justice in Islam, significance of see also restorative justice in 252–3 Islamic law, Malaysia legal history 260–65 Quartly, M. 51 mediation 264–5 Qudamah al-Maqdisiy, I. 90 pardon (al-‘Afw) 256 Quraishi, A. 69 plea bargaining 267–8 Qur’anic verse see Islamic art, punishment seen as appropriate Qur’anic verse response for crimes 250–51 punishment of shaming 263–4 Rabb, I. 231 qisas (laws of retaliation) 253–4, Rafiq, M. 211 262–3

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Index 471

reconciliation, negotiation and sanctions, ineffective, corporate mediation (as-Sulh) 257–9, criminal liability, Saudi Arabia 264–5, 267–8 213 repentance (at-Tawbah) 259–60, Sarker, A. 165, 166, 174, 175 265–6 Saudi Arabia Undang-undang Melaka manuscript collective ijtihad and fatwas 300 261–5 corporate criminal liability see victim impact statement 266–7 corporate criminal liability, victim as stakeholder 253–4, 266, Saudi Arabia 268 educational rights for women see educational rights for women Reynolds, D. 211 in Saudi Arabia Rezai-Rashti, G. 386 genetic engineering and ethics see Rice, D. 338 genetic engineering and ethics, Rida, R. 240–41 Saudi Arabia risk-taking issues 167–9 kafala (adoption) interpretation 57, see also banking practices 59 Rizvi, K. 340 Saudi financial aid, Bosnia and Roolvink, R. 432 Hercegovina 411 Rouzi, A. 287, 288 Schacht, J. 290 royal family support, educational Schauer, F. 321 rights for women in Saudi Schoenblum, J. 194 Arabia 381–2, 383 Schwartz, M. 146 Rozario, P. 80, 81 Schwartz, R. 158 Rubin, U. 228 Schwartz, S. 416, 426 Ruggie, J. 209 secular music and love songs 364–6 see also music in contemporary Sabeeq, S. 194 Indonesia Sa‘di, Bustān (Fruit Orchard) 338 secularism see also Islamic art food regulation and religion 308–9, Sadiq, K. 45, 47, 52 322–3, 324–6 Saeed, A. 2, 3, 34, 224, 233, 235, and religious diversity, Bosnia and Hercegovina 422–6 237, 240, 383 Serajuddin, A. 49–50, 61 Saeed, H. 224, 233, 235, 237, sermon (khutbahs) see colonialism, 240 sermon (khutbahs) and edict Safaei, S. 190 (fatwas), Indonesia and Malaya Sahbeq, S. 195, 196 Serour, G. 282 Sait, S. 185 sex selection technologies 282 Salafism, Bosnia and Hercegovina see also genetic engineering and 410–12, 414–16, 417 ethics Salama, H. 217 sexual segregation, Saudi Arabia 276 Salasal, S. 185 see also women Salinger, L. 205, 207, 208 Shabbir, M. 256 Salvatore, A. 348 Shachar, A. 138 same-sex marriage, Australia 24 Shaltut, M. 296 see also marriage shaming, punishment of, Malaysia Samuelson, P. 151 263–4

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Shari’ah Councils (SCS), banking TMO v TMP 131–2 practices, Bangladesh 174–5 Singer, P. 314 Shari’ah courts Smith, E. 308, 326 alternative dispute resolution (ADR) Smith, S. 309, 310, 325 and family law, Singapore Sobarna, C. 350 130–36 social aspects, music in contemporary community-based, UK 126–8 Indonesia 363, 366–9 lack of powers of enforcement, Soganci, I. 331, 333 Singapore 42–3 Solaiman, S. 5, 141–58, 204 and legal dualism, Singapore 14, Solomon, J. and A. 146 15–16, 17–18, 31–2, 34, 36–7, specialisations, lack of available, and 39 educational rights for women in Shari’ah principles, Banking Companies Act, Bangladesh 163 Saudi Arabia 390–93, 394, Shari’ah Supervisory Board (SSB), 400–401 Bangladesh 173–6 sperm banks 281 Shaw, W. 342, 343, 349 see also genetic engineering and Shibli, A. 141 ethics Shiddieqy, T. 354 stakeholder Shiloah, A. 351 community as, Malaysia 254–6 Shklar, J. 321 victim as, Malaysia 253–4, 266, Siddiq, K. 359–60 268 Siddiq, M. 431, 432 stakeholder theory of the corporation, Siddique, O. 221, 222 Bangladesh 146, 152 Siddiqui, H. 246 Steiner, K. 129 Siddiqui, S. 164, 167, 169, 170–71 sterilisation for birth control 302–3 Silbertson, A. 148 see also contraception use; health silence of prospective guardians, issues Libya, and ‘best interests of the Stillman, N. 227, 228, 229 child’ concept 99–100, 105 Stringer, D. 247 Simon, A. 356 Sufism Singapore Bosnia and Hercegovina 406–7 alternative dispute resolution (ADR) music in contemporary Indonesia see alternative dispute 359–60, 361–2 resolution (ADR) and family sulh (mediation) 124–8, 134–5, 264–5 law, Singapore Suryadinata, L. 350 colonial legacies and family laws Syafi’i school, music in contemporary see colonial legacies and Indonesia 353–4 family laws, Singapore symbolism use Mohamed Yusoff bin Mohd Haniff v Islamic art 339–40 Umi Kalsom bte Abas music in contemporary Indonesia (Attorney-General) 131 352, 355, 366, 367, 368 Noor Azizan bte Colony v Tan Lip Chin 25 Tajuddin, H. 6, 250–69 Saniah Binte Ali & Anors v Takim, L. 229 Abdullah Bin Ali 40, 129 talak/talaq (pronouncement) divorce Shafeeg bin Salim Talib v Fatimah 23–4, 25, 26, 28 bte Abud bin Talib 129 see also divorce

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Index 473

taqlid (pre-modern thinkers), and Tyser, C. 258 blasphemy and apostasy 240, 242, 243, 245–6 UK tayammum (dry ritual ablution) 303 alternative dispute resolution (ADR) see also health issues see alternative dispute Taylor, C. 321–2, 327 resolution (ADR) and family Taylor, J. 143 law, UK Taylor, M. 159, 165 Beximco 125 Tayob, A. 451 Bury v Pope 189 Tazreen Fashions, Bangladesh 142, Case of Mines 189 149–50, 155 Jivraj v Haswani 124 terra nullius concept, Australia 16 Knight v Knight 197 Teubner, G. 320 Theodorou, A. 218 ‘limping’ marriages 27 Thio, L. 30 Salomon v Salomon 145 Thomsen, S. 146 unbelievers (kafir) 225, 230, 239, Tierney, B. 309 241–2, 358, 420 Towler, R. 32 sermon (khutbahs) and edict tradition, attitudes towards local, (fatwas), Indonesia and Malaya Indonesia and Malaya 441 446–8 transparency Undang-undang Melaka manuscript, and appellate review, Singapore restorative justice in Islamic law, 45–6 Malaysia 261–5 corporate crime and lack of underage marriage 22, 285–6 transparency, Saudi Arabia see also children; marriage 205–9 unemployment issues, educational treason 240–41, 242 rights for women in Saudi see also blasphemy and apostasy, Arabia 392–4 Malaysian apostasy laws Universal Declaration of Human trust, lack of, corporate criminal Rights (UDHR) 156 liability, Saudi Arabia 212 Universal Islamic Declaration of trustworthiness considerations, Libya, Human Rights (UIDHR) 157 and ‘best interests of the child’ US concept 107 Prophet Muhammad in sculptural Tunisia frieze in Supreme Court 335 adoption and care arrangements US v Tamimi Global Co. 208 53 genetic engineering and ethics see Valiani, Z. 50, 74 genetic engineering and ethics, Van Dijk, K. 359 Tunisia Van Dijk, M. 420, 423 inheritance rights 74 Van Essen, M. 208 kafala (adoption) interpretation and Van Zanten, W. 352 urf (custom) 64–6, 71, 72, 75 vandalism of religious sites, Bosnia Tuqan, A. 278 and Hercegovina 425 Turkey Vann, V. 196 adoption and care arrangements 53 vasectomy and tubectomy 303 kafala (adoption) interpretation and see also contraception use; health urf (custom) 66–7, 71, 72 issues

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veiling Bosnia and Hercegovina see Bosnia niqab wearing, Bosnia and and Hercegovina and Hercegovina 417–19, 420 progressive Islam, women and puberty, seclusion and veiling, Islam Saudi Arabia 378 contraception use 284, 305–6 see also women domestic violence 268, 421 Vericat, G. 63 driving rights, women’s 277–8, victim impact statement, Malaysia 395–6 266–7 educational rights, Saudi Arabia see victim as stakeholder, Malaysia educational rights for women 253–4, 266, 268 in Saudi Arabia visitation rights, Libya, and ‘best genetic engineering and ethics interests of the child’ concept 274–9 109–10 Women’s Charter, Singapore 18, 19, vocational guidance, need for, Saudi 24, 31 Arabia 392 see also abortion; children; Vogel, F. 57, 123, 275, 276, 277 marriage; veiling voting rights, Saudi Arabia 277 workplace casualties, Bangladesh see Voyce, M. 17 corporate social responsibility and workplace casualties, Wahed, H. 257–8 Bangladesh Wahhabi tradition, Saudi Arabia 276 World Declaration on the Survival, Wahid, A. 351 Protection and Development of wali position in marriage, Singapore Children 77–8 20, 24 Walsh, D. 232 Yaquby, N. 173 Wanchic, F. 58 Yilmaz, I. 27 Waseem, M. 221 Yousuf, S. 163 water ownership, Iran 191 Yusuf, A. 182 Watt, M. 227, 228 Wehr, H. 291 Zahraa, M. 132 Weintraub, A. 355, 366 Zaidan, A. 256, 257 Welchman, L. 67, 69 Zakaria, M. 430 Wettstein, F. 209 Zawawi, M. 6, 250–69 Wheelwright, K. 205 Zibakalam, S. 183–4, 192 Wiederhold, L. 224 zina (adultery) 274, 275, 281 Williams, G. 143, 152, 153, 155, 158 see also genetic engineering and Williams, S. 368 ethics Wiradireja, Y. 368–9 Zinkin, J. 143, 152, 153, 155, 157, women 158

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