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( N_Xk[fpflk_`ebd`^_kY\k_\ Y\e\ÔkjXe[[`jX[mXekX^\jf] _Xm`e^X^iflgf]ifYfkjg\i]fid XkXifZbZfeZ\ik6 ) C`jkXjdXepafYjXjpflZXek_`eb f]ÇYfk_Xifle[k_\_flj\Xe[ `ek_\nfic[f]nfibÇk_Xkpfl k_`ebnflc[Y\jl`kXYc\]fiX ifYfkkf[f% * N_Xki`jbjkfk_\_ldXe • Some of what lies beyond the school gates, nfib]fiZ\ chiefly in the world of work d`^_kXifYfk nfib]fiZ\gfj\6

For many students, leaving school means going on to further study at university, TAFE, art school or business college. This often means years of committed study. Being a tertiary student can be a great learning experience and lots of fun. It also means that no-one is monitoring you anymore. If you don’t attend lectures or hand in your assignments, no-one will reprimand you. Your education as a tertiary student is in your own hands. This is because you are assumed to be an adult.

When you turn 18, you can get your driver’s licence. While driving a car you are responsible not only for your own life on the road, but also those of other drivers and pedestrians. Careless driving, speeding or driving under the infl uence of alcohol or drugs is illegal. If you break the law, the penalty you have to bear may be one handed down by a magistrate or just your guilty conscience. The right to enter bars and nightclubs, which also happens when you turn 18, means that you can legally drink alcohol in a public place. Drinking in moderation allows you to stay in control of your behaviour and remain aware of the actions of those around you. Binge drinking, on the other hand, greatly reduces your reaction time and judgement. This can be life-threatening if you then try to drive a car or operate machinery in the workplace.

-* >kcWd_j_[i7b_l[;Yedec_YiWdZ9_j_p[di^_f Once you turn 18, it is your legal right and civic responsibility to vote in elections. Your participation in such a process ensures that the government chosen is representative of your community. It is important, therefore, to understand the process and to know who THINK you are voting for, and why. Who you vote for 1 X  N_Xkjfikjf]i\jgfej`Y`c`k`\j[fpflZlii\ekcp will have a direct infl uence on how your local _Xm\ X Xk_fd\Xe[ Y XkjZ_ffc6 community, your state and your country are   Y N_`Z_f]k_\j\[fpflk_`ebn`ccjkXpk_\jXd\# governed. Xe[n_`Z_n`ccZ_Xe^\#X]k\ipflc\Xm\jZ_ffc6 There are a great many vocational pathways

I CAN: think about how my current responsibilities and behaviours might change when I leave school appreciate why acting responsibly is a normal and necessary part of being an adult think about what I might want to do when I leave school, B[Whd_d] and what I can do now to work towards this. -+  J^[mehbZe\meha ?jÉie\\jemeham[]e NCE YOU leave school, you will most probably start looking for a job. All those O people who have jobs, plus all those who are unemployed, are part of the labour force. If we defi ne work as performing an activity that produces something of value for other people, then both paid and non-paid work are important aspects of our society. Paid work place on a person’s job determines • To make friends. Work provides The main reason people want paid his or her income. For example, the opportunity to meet other work is to get the benefi ts a job a heart surgeon’s work is valued people and make friends. will provide, especially an income. more highly than a labourer’s. Sometimes workplaces have social Listed below are some of the most Because of the surgeon’s greater clubs that employees can join. common reasons people work. income, he or she is given more • To earn money. To survive, we prestige in our society. Voluntary work must have money. Most people • To obtain self-satisfaction. Two Voluntary workers play an sell their labour to an employer hundred employees of a factory essential role in our society. Many and receive an income in return. were asked to write down the people in the local community The most common form of most important aspect of their work for voluntary agencies such income is wages and salaries. work. The responses revealed that as bush fi re brigades, Meals on • To improve our standard of it was not money. Sixty-seven per Wheels and state emergency living. Imagine a teenage girl cent of the employees said that services. They receive no fi nancial who has just received her fi rst knowing they had done the job payment. They do it for pleasure pay packet from a part-time well and received some praise and the satisfaction of being able job. On her way home she from the supervisor were the to help others. may decide to visit a shopping most rewarding aspects. Both job Just because volunteers do not centre and buy some clothes. satisfaction and self-satisfaction receive an income does not mean The income from her job has were seen as important. This that the job they do is any less allowed her to improve her doesn’t mean that money is not valuable. Yet, because they do standard of living. important; it is. However, there not receive an income, they are • To gain status and prestige. The are many other rewards you can often undervalued in our society. type of work a person does get from a job. If paid jobs become less available, is often used to measure that our society may begin to value person’s status and prestige voluntary work more highly and within our society. In other give these workers the recognition words, their status comes from they deserve. their occupation. The value we

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JfliZ\1Fi^Xe`jXk`fe]fikcWd_j_[i7b_l[;Yedec_YiWdZ9_j_p[di^_f Read a line graph Line graphs are very useful for showing change over time, and to compare data.

Include a full title.        Proportion of total employment — males and females  Label both axes. 50

46 Note any signifi cant 42 rises and falls, and what they show. 38 If there is more than 34 one graph line, use Proportion of total employment — females 30 different colours. Note differences between the Proportion of total employment — males 26 two trend lines.

22 Mark divisions on 18 axes in even amounts (e.g. 5s, 10s, 100s). 14

10 Plot years on the August August August August August August August horizontal axis. 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 JfliZ\1;XkX[\i`m\[]ifdk_\8ljkiXc`Xe9li\Xlf]JkXk`jk`Zj#CXYfli=fiZ\Jlim\p% Source line shows K_`jc`e\^iXg_j_fnjk_\gifgfik`fef]]\dXc\jn_fnfib\[gXikk`d\ Y\kn\\e(00*Xe[ where the data has )'', ZfdgXi\[n`k_k_\gifgfik`fef]dXc\jn_fnfib\[gXikk`d\[li`e^k_\jXd\g\i`f[% come from.

fneYlj`e\jj[f`e^_fd\i\efmXk`fejXe[_Xj]fle[ jk\X[pnfib%CXjkn\\b\e[#_\[feXk\[_`jj\im`Z\jkf REMEMBER _`j[Xl^_k\iËjjZ_ffckfYl`c[e\ngcXp\hl`gd\ek%   X  8kn_XkjkX^\jnXjE`^\c\dgcfp\[6 1 ;\Ôe\k_\]fccfn`e^k\idj1   Y N_\enXjE`^\cle\dgcfp\[6   X  cXYfli]fiZ\   Z  N_\enXj_\j\c]$\dgcfp\[6   Y ZXjlXcnfib\i   Z  mfclek\\infib\i Read a line graph   [ le\dgcfp\[nfib\i% 5 CffbZXi\]lccpXkk_\gXik$k`d\\dgcfpd\ek^iXg_ 2 J`dfecffbjX]k\i_`jZ_`c[i\eXe[_flj\_fc[[lk`\j XYfm\% n_`c\_`jgXike\i#J_Xifee#nfibj]lcck`d\%8i\Yfk_   X  N_Xk[f\jk_\Ycl\c`e\j_fn6 J`dfeXe[J_XifeegXikf]k_\cXYfli]fiZ\6i\\ejcX[\ +,' ,' ,'' ^iXg_6 9cl\YXeb ( 0 ' ' ('' )''' 6 ;`jgcXpk_\[XkX`ek_\le\dgcfpd\ekiXk\jkXYc\fe G`ebkfe . + ' ' -'' /''' gX^\./feXc`e\^iXg_Xe[Zfdd\ekfek_\ki\e[% 9ifnekfne (,''' *''' (/''' I CAN: understand who is part of the labour force and who 4 E`^\cnfib\[]fiXcXi^\Yl`c[`e^ZfdgXep%?\cfjk is not _`jafY]flidfek_jX^fXe[ki`\[lejlZZ\jj]lccpkf see how employment and unemployment rates are j\Zli\Xe\ngfj`k`fe%Fe\dfek_X^f#_\Y\^Xe_`j calculated create a comparative line graph and use it to analyse B[Whd_d] trends. -/  J^[mehbZe\meha 7Y^Wd]_d]mehafbWY[ HE INDUSTRIAL Revolution, which began in England over 200 years ago, changed T the way people lived and worked. People who once used to work in what we now call primary industries, such as farming, moved to the towns and began to work in factories (secondary industries). Substantial workplace reforms in recent decades have greatly improved on-the-job conditions for Australian employees. There has also been a further change in the industries in which they work. Until the Industrial Revolution, most goods had Employees receive benefits other than income; been produced in the home or in small workshops. these are called non-wage benefits. They include sick New technology and new overseas export markets leave, workers compensation, long-service leave, created the possibility of large-scale manufacturing in superannuation and holidays. Non-wage benefits factories, turning raw materials into new products. improve the overall welfare of the employee. The working conditions in early factories were Three important non-wage benefits provided in harsh. Men, women and children had few rights. recent years are occupational health and safety, They were forced to work long hours in noisy, dirty childcare facilities and flexible working hours. and dangerous workplaces. Accidents often happened around machinery, but there was no compensation, Occupational health and safety (OHS) sick leave or unemployment benefits. If a person was Each year in Australia, approximately 600 people are injured, someone else took their job. killed at work. On top of this, more than 650 000 workers suffer some form of workplace-caused injury Working conditions today or disease. Over the past 20 years, state and federal Workplace conditions have improved a great governments in Australia have passed occupational deal since the time of the Industrial Revolution, health and safety (OHS) legislation to try to protect particularly in the area of non-wage benefits. the health, safety and welfare of employees. Employers must ensure their workplaces are safe and that machinery is regularly inspected and maintained. They must also provide protective clothing and adequate training. Committees have been set up in most workplaces to enforce these OHS rules. Employees also have a duty to perform their jobs safely. They must follow safety instructions and report any situation they think may be dangerous. Flexible working hours The demand for more flexible working hours has grown stronger in recent years. This is because more women are entering and staying in the labour force, and because in more families both parents are working. It is difficult to attend to family responsibilities when working hours are inflexible. Changing industries Over the last 100 years, the work people do has changed a lot. This is evident from the industries in which they work. People involved in similar types of production work in what is called an industry. The :_`c[i\en\i\Z_\XgcXYfli`e]XZkfi`\jXe[d`ccj%8jk_`j(/,* three main industries are primary, secondary and `ccljkiXk`fej_fnj#k_\pn\i\f]k\eYX[cpki\Xk\[% tertiary. .& >kcWd_j_[i7b_l[;Yedec_YiWdZ9_j_p[di^_f 8Yj\ekgXi\ekj worksheet 15

Primary industry Secondary industry Tertiary industry A primary industry is one that produces Secondary industries include all workers People who work in the tertiary industry provide raw materials (for example, fresh involved in turning raw materials into fi nished a service to others (for example, retailers, fruit) from what nature has provided. or semi-fi nished products. For example, iron dentists, bankers and solicitors). Over the All types of farming, mining, fi shing, ore, coal and limestone are turned into steel past 50 years, the number of employees in grazing and forestry are primary — a semi-fi nished product. Steel is then tertiary industries has grown rapidly. Today, industries. Primary industries provide all used to manufacture cars and steel-framed three out of every four employees work in this our food. Hence, the work of employees houses — fi nished products. sector. The growth has been so fast that the in these industries is essential. As well, tertiary industry has been broken down into the approximately 60 per cent of all our quaternary industry and quinary industry. exports are primary industry products.

Quaternary industry Quinary industry The quaternary industry is made up of service The quinary industry is made up of domestic services, many of industries involved in the transfer and processing of which were once carried out by people within their own homes. information and knowledge. Telecommunications, Hospitality, childcare, domestic cleaning and home maintenance property, computing and education are some examples. services are examples of quinary industry services. They include both paid and unpaid workers.

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The coded paper tape was then fed into a machine which converted it into bromide or positive film.

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According to data from the Australian profi ts fall and staff are retrenched better in exams than those who only Bureau of Statistics, 19 per cent of • an exchange rate where the study. The report stated that students all unemployed people in March Australian dollar is strong compared who spent 10–12 hours per week in 2006 were long-term unemployed. with other currencies and our part-time work obtained the best marks Current research has found that long- exports are more expensive on the in 2002. On this basis, it could be said term unemployment is a problem world market, decreasing demand. that work is good for a person’s general for our society as it can lead to ill The reasons for long-term unem- wellbeing and affects other aspects of health, fi nancial stress and depression ployment can involve: life in a positive way. in unemployed people. This can • a lack of skills and on-the-job particularly hurt communities that training Older workers out are most vulnerable, such as recently • a loss of confi dence and hope on the arrived immigrants, indigenous people part of the unemployed person in the cold and young people. The initial reasons • sometimes, employers making Older workers — workers aged for unemployment are many, but can unfair or stereotypical judgements between 45 and 64 years — currently involve: about that person. account for nearly a quarter of those • the changing demand for tech- In contrast, a study by the University who are offi cially unemployed. In nological skills in most industries of Canberra found that students who reality, this fi gure is likely to be even • periods of recession when company work part time during term perform higher, as many older workers become discouraged about fi nding work, stop they are typically loyal, productive, looking and ‘retire’. Older workers are extremely knowledgeable and reliable. also much more likely to experience Some employers are also reluctant to periods of long-term unemployment offer job-related training to an older REMEMBER than younger workers. person. Older workers who have been 1 ;\Ôe\k_\]fccfn`e^k\idj1 An Australian charity, Mission retrenched face many of these obstacles le\dgcfpd\ek#[`jZi`d`eXk\# Australia, believes that there are a when trying to restart their career. \oZ_Xe^\iXk\#i\Z\jj`fe% number of reasons for the level of Discriminating against a person on the 2 Flkc`e\k_i\\dX`ei\Xjfej]fi unemployment among older workers. basis of age is against the law. le\dgcfpd\ek% Those workers often report that they experience age-related prejudice and THINK discrimination in the workforce. Some good news 3 `m\k_i\\i\Xjfej Males and females 12 ]fipflim`\n% 6 :_ffj\k_i\\afYgfj`k`fej]fi n_`Z_Xefc[\ig\ijfenflc[Y\ 10 jl`kXYc\%Aljk`]ppfliZ_f`Z\ Read a line graph (p. 79) 8 7

It is the right of every person to His 25-year-old supervisor then 1999, a company was ordered to expect to enjoy a workplace free poured paint-stripping solvent pay $350 000 to an employee for of threats to their physical and under the door and set it alight. his medical bills, loss of income, emotional wellbeing. This, however, The teenager suffered burns to and pain and suffering. As a young is not always the case. 50 per cent of his body and was apprentice this complainant According to the WorkSafe forced to wear a burns body suit faced continual harassment, authority, workplace bullying is for two years after the incident. He including being rolled around the ‘repeated, unreasonable behaviour suffered depression and will most factory inside a 44-gallon drum, directed towards an employee, or likely never work again. and having his genitals smeared group of employees, that creates a There are also subtle forms with grease. The judge found the risk to health and safety’. of bullying such as excluding or company had instilled a ‘culture of The more noticeable forms isolating employees, assigning intimidation’. of workplace bullying are meaningless tasks unrelated to The Victorian WorkCover verbal abuse, slamming doors, the job, deliberately changing Authority is one organisation pushing, touching or fondling work rosters to inconvenience that has been investigating the and threatened or actual violence particular employees, and incidence of workplace bullying against an employee — in short, deliberately withholding via employee and employer any repeated actions likely to information that is vital for surveys. Some of its summary generate a risk to health and effective work performance. results from surveys conducted safety. In Melbourne in 1995, a Australian companies are during 2003 and 2004 revealed 17-year-old apprentice panel beater paying dearly for bullying and trends shown in the table was locked in his toilet cubicle. workplace violence. In March opposite. .. >kcWd_j_[i7b_l[;Yedec_YiWdZ9_j_p[di^_f e CD-R th O M @em\jk`^Xkfi n o

Xejn\i`e^ÊP\jË Hl\jk`feglkkfi\jgfe[\ekj )''+ )''* ;f\jk_\ZfdgXep_Xm\XnfibgcXZ\Ylccp`e^gfc`Zp6 -' ,, N\i\\dgcfp\\j`emfcm\[`e`kj[\m\cfgd\ek6 +. +. REMEMBER N\i\\dgcfp\\j`e]fid\[f]k_\gfc`Zp6 /. /, 1 C`ebk_\]fccfn`e^gX`ijf] ?XjdXeX^\d\ekkXb\efk_\iXZk`fejkfgi\m\ekYlccp`e^6 (/ (/ nfi[j`eXj\ek\eZ\1 ?fnn\cc[f\jk_\ZfdgXep[\Xcn`k_nfibgcXZ\Ylccp`e^ -/ --  _XiXjjd\ek jki\jj Xejn\i`e^ÊN\ccË 6  Ylccp`e^ j`Zbc\Xm\ ?Xm\pflg\ijfeXccp\og\i`\eZ\[nfibgcXZ\Ylccp`e^6 (, (+  ZfdgXep i\jgfej`Y`c`kp% 2 >`m\fe\\oXdgc\#n`k_`e ;`[pfl`e]fidfk_\ij`ek_\fi^Xe`jXk`fepfln\i\Y\`e^Ylcc`\[6 .' -- XjZ_ffcj\kk`e^#f]jlYkc\ @jk_\Ylccp`e^jk`cc^f`e^fe6 +0 +- Ylccp`e^Xe[Xefk_\if]dfi\ NXjk_\ZfdgXepXnXi\k_XkYlccp`e^\o`jk\[`ek_\nfibgcXZ\6 -/ ,/ efk`Z\XYc\Ylccp`e^% JfliZ\1K_\M`Zkfi`XeNfib:fm\i8lk_fi`kp#M`Zkfi`X nnn%nfibZfm\i%m`Z%^fm%Xl % SELF-DISCOVERY 3 Glkpflij\c]`ek_\j_f\jf] Occupational health and vibration caused by passing trucks. Xg\ijfeY\`e^Ylcc`\[Xk One of these panels fell and killed jZ_ffcfi`ek_\nfibgcXZ\% safety Anthony. Another young worker :fdd\ekfe_fn`knflc[ Occupational health and safety suffered permanent injury. X]]\Zkpfli1 is an issue many workplaces in   X  \ek_lj`Xjd The company, the manager   Y j\c]$ZfeÔ[\eZ\ Australia today pay careful and a supervisor were charged   Z  Y\_Xm`flifek_\afY% attention to. To ensure more with breaking occupational health THINK consistency and conformity in this and safety laws which, at the area, the Australian government 4 N_p[fpflk_`ebk_\ time, carried maximum penalties jlg\im`jfif]k_\(.$p\Xi$fc[ has introduced new legislation. of $250 000. In a county court Xggi\ek`Z\gXe\cY\Xk\iXZk\[ Two Bills relating to workplace hearing, the company was fi ned k_\nXp_\[`[6 and occupational safety were $50 000, the managing director 5 N_XkXZk`fe[fpflk_`eb passed by federal Parliament on $10 000 and the supervisor $5000. j_flc[_Xm\Y\\ekXb\e 9 November 2005 and are now law. X^X`ejkk_\jlg\im`jfi6 It was presented in evidence to the 6 N_Xke\^c`^\eZ\Yifl^_k Carelessness costs court that Anthony had received XYflkk_\[\Xk_f]8ek_fep On 12 November 1998, no occupational health and safety :Xii`ZbXe[n_XkXZk`fenXj 18-year-old Anthony Carrick died training, and no information kXb\eX^X`ejk_`j\dgcfp\ij6 about the potential hazards of the 7 N_p[fpflk_`ebÔe\j]fi on his fi rst day at work. His death Yi\Xb`e^fZZlgXk`feXc_\Xck_ caused enormous pain, suffering work involved. Xe[jX]\kpcXnjXi\jfcXi^\6 and emotional trauma for his DESIGN AND CREATIVITY family. One positive thing to come 8 Lj\k_\[\j`^ef]k_\gfjk\i from this tragic event, however, fggfj`k\XjXjk`dlclj]fi was that the criminal offence of [\j`^e`e^XjX]\kpgfjk\ikf industrial manslaughter was Y\gcXZ\[`eXnfibgcXZ\%K_\ introduced in Australia, with the d\jjX^\dljkY\Zc\XiXe[ ACT Parliament being the fi rst to j`dgc\#jf`kZXeY\hl`Zbcp act on it. Xe[\Xj`cple[\ijkff[% I\d\dY\ik_XkkcWd_j_[i7b_l[;Yedec_YiWdZ9_j_p[di^_f G\fgc\n`k_[`jXY`c`k`\j J\o[`jZi`d`eXk`fe`ek_\nfibgcXZ\ worksheet 16 worksheet 17

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/( >kcWd_j_[i7b_l[;Yedec_YiWdZ9_j_p[di^_f Proposed workplace reforms 2. New employees will have their probationary period The new workplace reforms introduced in 2006 increased from three months to six months. provide a national system for the setting and 3. A new body will be created to look after the maintaining of wages and workplace conditions. minimum award wage (the lowest wage that can Prior to this new legislation, most wage setting and be paid to a full-time employee). This body will workplace conditions had been the responsibility be known as the Australian Fair Pay Commission of state governments. In summary, the workplace (AFPC). reforms mean the following changes: 4. Awards will be simplified. Under the Workplace 1. laws will no longer apply to Relations Act there are 20 conditions that must be businesses that employ fewer than 100 staff. included in each award, including superannuation, Previously, all businesses were required to follow notice of termination and skill-based classification. certain procedures before sacking staff. This This will be simplified to five conditions: included providing warnings and the resources to minimum wage, ordinary hours, annual leave improve before they are told to leave. Under the entitlements, personal leave entitlements and new legislation, only businesses employing more parental leave entitlements. than 100 staff will need to abide by this legislation. Unions will struggle to The minimum wage is justify wage increases. It will provide expected to decline in relation to There’ll be more jobs. the average wage. greater choice for employees.

There will be It will bring about consistency in higher wages. the workforce Australia wide. Semi-skilled and unskilled workers will see their working conditions decline. It will remove job protection. K_\Zfekifm\ijpfm\ie\nnfibgcXZ\c\^`jcXk`fe

5 Gi\gXi\Xc`jkf]hl\jk`fejkfXjbGi`d\D`e`jk\i Af_e?fnXi[`ei\^Xi[kfk_\nfibgcXZ\i\]fidj Xe[k_\`icfe^$k\id`dgXZkfeYlj`e\jj\j% REMEMBER THINK 1 N_XkXi\jfd\f]k_\dX`ei\Xjfejk_\NfibgcXZ\ 6 :_ffj\knff]k_\gifgfj\[Z_Xe^\jkfk_\ I\cXk`fej8Zk(00-nXj`ekif[lZ\[6 nfibgcXZ\i\cXk`fejc\^`jcXk`fe j\\XYfm\ Xe[c`jk 2 N_Xk[f\jk_\k\idÊd`e`dldXnXi[nX^\Ëd\Xe Xi^ld\ekjjlggfik`e^Yfk_k_\Y\e\ÔkjXe[Zfjkj Xe[_fn[f\j`kgifk\Zk\dgcfp\\j6 dfe\kXipXe[fk_\in`j\ % 3 N_Xk`jk_\[`]]\i\eZ\Y\kn\\eXeXnXi[#XZ\ik`Ô\[ 7 N_p[fpflk_`ebk_\c\^`jcXk`fej`e^c\jflk X^i\\d\ekXe[XZfekiXZk6 Ylj`e\jj\j\dgcfp`e^]\n\ik_Xe(''g\fgc\]fi COMMUNICATE \o\dgk`fe]ifdle]X`i[`jd`jjXccXnj6 4 ;fpflk_`ebk_\nfibgcXZ\Z_Xe^\jXeefleZ\[`e )'',Xi\le]X`i6;`jZljjpflim`\nj`ejdXcc^iflgj% 9\]fi\pfljkXik#ni`k\flkjfd\hl\jk`fejkf_\cg I CAN: pflY\kk\i\ogcfi\k_\kfg`Z%8]k\inXi[j#ni`k\XjdXcc understand the general thrust of the proposed changes to the workplace relations laws gXiX^iXg_\ogi\jj`e^pflifg`e`feXe[n_\k_\i`k think about the likely costs and benefits of the proposed _XjZ_Xe^\[X]k\ik_\[`jZljj`fe% changes draw a political cartoon to demonstrate my understanding B[Whd_d] of a controversial issue.  /) J^[mehbZe\meha 9^[YaWdZY^Wbb[d][ J^[mehbZe\meha  ,$ Explain what you understand by the term ‘non-wage benefi t’. Give three examples of such '$ List fi ve ways in which life is likely to change for benefi ts. (p. 80) you when you leave school. At least two of the  -$ Look at the following photographs. Decide in points you list should be related in some way to the which industry you think each of the people world of work. (pp. 74–5) work. Justify your decision. (p. 81) ($In what ways is technology infl uencing the way we live and work? (pp. 82–5) )$ Explain in your own words the differences between paid work and voluntary work, and the sorts of people who might choose to do each. *$ Which of the fi ctitious places described in the following table has the highest unemployment rate? Show your workings. (p. 78) EldY\if] EldY\if] CXYfli GcXZ\ \dgcfp\[ le\dgcfp\[ ]fiZ\ Ki\cfk_Xe ))''' ),'' )+,'' :Xii`e]fik +)+'' ,-'' +/''' 9\Xj[Xc\ ('.'' +0'' (,-'' JklieXe )','' **'' )*/''

+$Examine the photograph of the construction site below. (a) List all the possible health and safety dangers you can see. (b) What would you change to make this workplace safer?

 .$ Why do you think some employers discriminate against older workers? Is it fair? Explain. (p. 86)  /$From your own experience, provide two specifi c examples of the way ICT has changed (a) the school environment and (b) the workplace. '&$Use online forums to communicate with two or three classmates about how you would deal with workplace bullying. After you agree on a strategy, choose one member of the group to email it as a word-processed attachment to your teacher. ''$Having rights always brings responsibilities — it’s part of becoming an adult. List ways in which you predict your rights and responsibilities will change when you enter the workforce. (pp. 90–1) /* >kcWd_j_[i7b_l[;Yedec_YiWdZ9_j_p[di^_f e CD-R th O M n n`Q[fd o

8i\Xjf]nfibiXeb\[XZZfi[`e^kfc\m\cf]jkXik`e^ jXcXip#)'') ' ( $  According to a report from the Graduate Careers Council of Australia (GCCA) (8 July 2003),  8m\iX^\jXcXip)'') university graduates who commenced work in '''  2002 earned, on average, $35 500 per year. This  (%;\ek`jkip ,)%' wage was 82.7 per cent of average male earnings for all ages in 2002. In their fi rst full year of  )%D\[`Z`e\ +,%' employment, graduates earned 14.1 per cent  *%Fgkfd\kip +*%' higher than the average starting salary for the population aged 20–24 years.  +%

(d) Do you believe that we should have gender (-%?ldXe`k`\j *)%' equality in areas such as Medicine, Dentistry and Law? Give reasons. ('%8^i`ZlckliXcjZ`\eZ\ *)%' ')$ Your challenge is to attract more females into one ('%8iZ_`k\Zkli\Xe[9l`c[`e^ *)%' of the top fi ve fi elds of study on this list. You are to prepare a promotional campaign for students (.%8ikXe[;\j`^e *'%' to choose subjects at school that will open (/%G_XidXZp )-%' opportunities for further study in the chosen area. Once you have chosen one of these fi elds, ;XkX[\i`m\[]ifdnnn%^iX[c`eb%\[l%Xl undertake research to fi nd out about the subjects ' * $  In small groups, develop a short script for a required for tertiary entry into related courses. roleplay depicting workplace bullying, relying on Visit the website for this book and click on the language, body movements and facial expressions Course Information weblink for this chapter to communicate. Then develop an alternative (see ‘Weblinks’, page 189) for an ideal starting script, demonstrating how a bullied person can point. appropriately respond. Present your two roleplay Your promotional material could be a: scenarios to the class. Afterwards, discuss as a (a) poster class how effective these roleplays were in helping (b) PowerPoint presentation you to better understand the issues involved in (c) web page workplace bullying, and the skills needed to deal (d) 30-second recorded advertisement (suitable with it effectively. for radio).

/+ J^[mehbZe\meha retrench: to end someone’s employment in the economic interests of the IkccWhoe\a[oj[hci business salary: a fixed periodical payment advertisement: a public announcement goods: items that you can see or touch (usually monthly) paid to an employee promoting goods or a service published graduate: a person who has successfully for work done in a medium such as a newspaper, completed a university degree services: actions done for you by others pamphlet, television commercial or on harassment: repeated behaviour that sexual harassment: unwanted conduct the internet offends or annoys of a sexual nature such as staring, apprenticeship: a period of on-the-job income: money received on a regular suggestive jokes, constant requests and off-the-job training basis from work, property, business, or arbitration: the process of resolving a welfare payments for dates (by any means), intrusive dispute through a third party industrial manslaughter: when the questions about a person’s private life award: a set of working conditions for action or inaction of an employer and displaying posters or screen savers employment in a particular industry, results in the death of an employee of a sexual nature in the workplace such as education Industrial Revolution: the period from skilled worker: employee with the skills award safety net: a minimum set of the late 1700s into the 1800s that and training to satisfy the requirements conditions for workers saw the widespread use of mechanical of a skilled job certified agreement: an agreement that processes in industry. It was called a standard of living: the quality of life covers all employees working for a revolution because it had a dramatic measured by the goods and services an particular employer effect on a country’s economy and individual has available for his or her compensation: a monetary payment social structure. consumption given to make up for (or help cover) industry: a business sector involved in stereotypical: describes a view held costs incurred as a result of, for similar types of production based on fixed, pre-formed ideas. These example, an injury that occurred in the labour force: people aged 15 and over ideas may be based on aspects such as workplace who are either employed or unemployed race, appearence, dress and behaviour. complainant: a person who is making a labour intensive: a mode of production superannuation: a way of saving so complaint that requires a significant number of an employee has some money in conciliation: the act of helping two workers retirement. The employer makes set disputing parties reach agreement legislation: law made by Parliament payments into a superannuation fund, conditions of employment: the long-service leave: extended leave paid requirements for employment detailed to an employee by an employer after which the employee cannot touch until by the employer a set period of employment, such as he or she is a certain age. contract: a document detailing the 10 years underemployment: the state of being working conditions for a particular long-term unemployment: when employed at a reduced capacity (i.e. for employee; individual workers usually a person has been unemployed ten hours per week when he or she has negotiate the conditions of contract by continuously for a period exceeding the capacity or willingness to work themselves 12 months 30 hours per week) copyholder: a proofreader’s assistant minimum wage: the lowest wage that unemployed: without work or who reads text aloud or checks it can legally be paid to an employee employment disability: a disadvantage (e.g. mental, under the terms of an agreement or unemployment benefits: money paid physical) that hinders normal award by the government on a regular basis to behaviour in a particular area non-wage benefits: non-income benefit people who are trying to find work but discriminate: to treat a person less such as sick leave and childcare facilities have so far been unsuccessful favourably because of factors such as occupational health and safety: unskilled worker: worker who lacks a race, culture, disability or gender measures to protect the health and high level of training and has no formal employed: to work for someone for a safety of employees in the workplace qualifications wage or salary overtime: hours worked beyond the vocational pathway: a path towards a employee: a person who works for a standard working day future career or job wage or salary overhead costs: extra costs incurred employer: a person or organisation in running a business besides those wages: a payment (usually daily or hiring people to work for them incurrred, say, producing a product weekly) paid to an employee for work exchange rate: the rate at which press cylinder: a machine used for done currencies can be exchanged on global printing that uses a revolving cylinder workers compensation: money paid to financial markets to carry the paper an employee who is injured in some export: a good or service sold to overseas raw material: material as it exists in way while doing work countries nature before it is treated in any way workforce: see labour force

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