Blink: the Power of Thinking Without Thinking
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Preprocessing and Descriptor Features for Facial Micro-Expression Recognition
Preprocessing and Descriptor Features for Facial Micro-Expression Recognition Chris House and Rachel Meyer Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University {chouse12, r3m3y3r}@stanford.edu June 5, 2015 Abstract sions that reveal true feelings even when someone is attempting to conceal their emotions. These expres- Facial micro-expressions contain signicant informa- sions are extremely dicult to detect due to their tion about how people feel, even when they are at- short time scales and subtlety. Micro-expressions tempting to conceal their emotions. Previously, very were rst reported in psychological literature in the little research has been done to detect and recognize 1960's and have been studied since then[1, 2]. Re- micro-expressions using computer vision methods. cently, a few research groups have attempted micro- In this paper, detection and classication of micro- expression detection and recognition using computer expressions from the Spontaneous Micro-Expression vision techniques. Trained humans can recognize database were implemented, following preprocessing micro-expressions accurately about 47% of the time and cropping of raw images using Haar features, us- [3], but perhaps computer vision methods can achieve ing local binary patterns on three orthogonal planes higher accuracy. The applications of technology (LBP-TOP) and local gray code patterns on three that can successfully detect and recognize micro- orthogonal planes (LGCP-TOP) as descriptors and expressions are varied. It would be valuable in law support vector machines (SVMs) as detection and enforcement interrogations to detect deceit, in mar- recognition algorithms. Results show accuracy com- keting to detect how humans respond to advertising, parable to other work. and in general psychology and articial intelligence research to study human emotion. -
Magic 6 Hours (Gottman)
'Magic 6 hours' could dramatically improve your relationship In six hours a week, you can dramatically improve your relationship, says expert John Gottman in his newly revised, "The Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work." (Stephen Morris/iStockphoto, Getty Images) With 6 extra hours per week (and a few awkward questions), you could dramatically improve your marriage When John Gottman talks, I listen. Actually I've never heard him talk, but when he writes, I read. So when a newly revised edition of his best-selling "The Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work" (Harmony Books) hit my desk this week, I cracked it open immediately. Gottman is a psychology professor at the University of Washington and the founder/director of The Gottman Institute, a marital research and counseling center in Seattle. Maybe you've read about his theory on "master couples" versus "disaster couples.” Co-authored with Nan Silver, "Seven Principles," which has sold a million- plus copies, was first released in 1999 — before Tinder, before Facebook — heck, before some of us even had cellphones. The updated version (out next week) offers tips for dealing with digital distractions, including Gottman's suggestion to agree on rules of tech etiquette: How much are you comfortable with your partner sharing on social media? When is texting/posting off-limits (mealtimes, date nights)? Do you create cyber-free zones in your home? Most compelling of all, though, is Gottman's "magic six hours" theory, based on interviews with couples who attended marital workshops at The Gottman Institute. "We wondered what would distinguish those couples whose marriages continued to improve from those whose marriages did not," Gottman writes. -
Facial Expressions During Marital Conflict
THE JOURNAL OF FAMlL Y COMMUNICATION, 1(1), 37-57 Copyright C 200 I, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Facial Expressions During Marital Conflict Jo1m Gottman L>eparnnentofPsychology University of Washington Robert Levenson L>eparnnent ofPsychology University ofCalifornia at Berkeley Erica Woodin L>eparnnent ofPsychology SUNY, Stony Brook A sample of 79 married couples were studied in 1983 in our laboratOlY engaging in a marital conflict discu&sion. Their facial expressions were coded from video tape using the Ekman and Friesen (1978) Emotion Facial Affect Coding System. This article do scribes the validity of this coding in several measurement domains: (a) the couple's perception of the relationship; (b) the prediction of the number of months of marital separation within the next 4 years; (c) the couple's physical health within the next 4 years; (d) the couple's cardiac physiological responses during the conflict interaction (interbeat interval and pulse transit time); (e) the number of floor switches or interacts in the conflict conversation; and (t) coding of the couple's Oral History Interview, which assesses dimensions ofthe couple's relationship history and philosophy. Facial expressions were consistently related to most domains of measurement. The idea that facial expressions of emotion would be interesting to study during marital interaction is quite new. This might be surprising, except for two additional facts. First, faces have primarily been studied in individuals in response to specific Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to John Gottman, Box 351525. Psychol ogy Department, 201F Johnson Annex, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195. E-mail: [email protected] 38 GOTTMAN, LEVENSON, WOODIN MARITAL FACES 39 eliciting stimuli, not during unrestrained social interaction (for a review see cal families (initially defined by one member having a psychiatric classification), Gottman, 1993). -
CURRICULUM VITAE April 18, 2010
CURRICULUM VITAE April 18, 2010 DR. PEPPER SCHWARTZ, PhD Department of Sociology University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 (206) 543-4036 – Office (206) 543-5882 – Sociology Dept. http://faculty.washington.edu/couples/ EDUCATION 1 B.A. Washington University, 1967, Sociology M.A. Washington University, 1968, Sociology M.Phil. Yale University, 1970, Sociology Ph.D. Yale University, 1974, Sociology POSITIONS HELD 1969–70 Teaching Assistant, Yale University 1972–79 Assistant Professor of Sociology, University of Washington 1979–present Associate Professor of Sociology, University of Washington 1979–present Adjunct Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science 1979–present Adjunct Professor of Women's Studies 1990–92 Special Assistant to the Provost, University of Washington 1993 Associate Chair, Sociology, University of Washington 1988–present Professor of Sociology, University of Washington 2005 Distinguished Visiting Professorship, University of Denver, Spring quarter 2007–2010 Schrag Fellow, Professor of Sociology, University of Washington FIELDS OF PROFESSIONAL INTEREST Intimate Relationships Marriage and the Family Human Sexuality Gender Qualitative Methodologies 2 NATIONAL PROFESSIONAL SERVICE National Consultant, Centers For Disease Control, Sexual Health Consultation, “Promoting Public Health Approach to Sexual Health in the United States,” Atlanta, GA, April 28-29, 2010. Board Member, Contemporary Council on the Family, 2008-2010. Chairperson, National Sexuality Resource Center, National Sexuality Centers, San Francisco State University, 2007-2010. Board Member, 2010-2012. Member, American Sociological Association (ASA), Committee on Excellence in Reporting of Social Issues Award Selection, 2006–2008. Member, Advisory Council of the National Sexuality Research Center (NSRC), 2004– 2006. Chairperson, Campaign for Sexual Literacy, 2007-present. Member, American Sociological Association (ASA), Committee on the Status of Women in Sociology, 2005–2008. -
Detrimental Effects of White Valued Walls in Classrooms
Detrimental Effects Of White Valued Walls In Classrooms Kathryn J. Grube ABSTRACT Contrarily to color research, white values of paint are the most commonly applied finish selection on classroom walls today. White walls have been used in American schoolhouse settings since the first discovered paint, also white, was invented and made available some two hundred years ago. Originally, white paint was seen as hygienic and structured in de- meanor, and was used as an agent to enhance visual capabilities in closed settings due to dark-hued building materials and an absence of electricity. Since then, using white paint for classroom wall finishes has remained as a perpetual design tradition that is causing a disservice to our academic and educating potentials. White walls are proven to cause detrimental psychological effects, such as anxiety, disruptive behaviors, lack of focus, and depressive moods to students and educators that spend time within the space. These types of effects dull-down learning capabilities and discourage morale. Color research has prov- en these negative facts for over a century now, but white walls remain constant in our educational facility design from a fallacy of misperception largely due to tradition, misin- formation, and ease of maintenance. The question is why. INTRODUCTION Interior educational environments with white values of walls are known to induce anxiety, dissipate focus and concentration, and be a foreshadowing to petulance in end users. In 1947, Louis Cheskin, founder of the Color Research Institute of America, publi- cized his research discoveries as public warnings when he expressed, “White walls, as we know, are an optical strain and a psychological hazard” (Cheskin, 1947. -
The Waste Makers
The Waste Makers BY VANCE PACKARD LONGMANS LONGMANS, GREEN AND CO LTD 6 & 7 CLIFFORD STREET, LONDON W I 605-6II LONSDALE STREET, MELBOURNE C I 443 LOCKHART ROAD, HONG KONG ACCRA, AUCKLAND, IBADAN KINGSTON (JAMAICA), KUALA LUMPUR LAHORE, NAIROBI, SALISBURY (RHODESIA) LONGMANS SOUTHERN AFRICA (PTY) LTD THIBAULT HOUSE, THIBAULT SQUARE, CAPE TOWN LONGMANS, GREEN AND CO INC 119 WEST 4OTH STREET, NEW YORK 18 LONGMANS, GREEN AND CO 137 BOND STREET, TORONTO 2 ORIENT LONGMANS PRIVATE LTD. CALCUTTA, BOMBAY, MADRAS DELHI, HYDERABAD, DACCA Copyright © 1960 by Vance Packard This edition first published 1961 Printed in Great Britain by Lowe & Brydone (Printers) Ltd., London, N.W.10 To my Mother and Father who have never confused the possession of goods with the good life. Acknowledgments I WISH TO EXPRESS MY GRATITUDE TO THE MANY PEOPLE WHO counseled or otherwise aided me in assembling this book. My sense of indebtedness is especially great to the staff members of Consumers Union—especially Mildred Brady and Florence Mason—who showed such patience in supplying me with information and advice. I also feel particularly indebted to William Zabel for the many hours he spent in 1958 helping me understand some of the then-known ramifications of planned obsolescence. It is not possible to cite by name all of the several hundred people who contributed to this book by offering insights, information, or criticism. And some, I know, would not wish to be identified. However, I would like to express my special appreciation to Leland Gordon, Raymond Loewy, Warren Bilkey, Robert Cook, Louis C. Jones, Loring Chase, George Stocking, R. -
Facial Expressions During Marital Conflict
THE JOURNAL OF FAMILY COMMUNICATION, 1(1), 37–57 Copyright © 2001, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Facial Expressions During Marital Conflict John Gottman Department of Psychology University of Washington Robert Levenson Department of Psychology University of California at Berkeley Erica Woodin Department of Psychology SUNY, Stony Brook A sample of 79 married couples were studied in 1983 in our laboratory engaging in a marital conflict discussion. Their facial expressions were coded from video tape using the Ekman and Friesen (1978) Emotion Facial Affect Coding System. This article de- scribes the validity of this coding in several measurement domains: (a) the couple’s perception of the relationship; (b) the prediction of the number of months of marital separation within the next 4 years; (c) the couple’s physical health within the next 4 years; (d) the couple’s cardiac physiological responses during the conflict interaction (interbeat interval and pulse transit time); (e) the number of floor switches or interacts in the conflict conversation; and (f) coding of the couple’s Oral History Interview, which assesses dimensions of the couple’s relationship history and philosophy. Facial expressions were consistently related to most domains of measurement. The idea that facial expressions of emotion would be interesting to study during marital interaction is quite new. This might be surprising, except for two additional facts. First, faces have primarily been studied in individuals in response to specific Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to John Gottman, Box 351525, Psychol- ogy Department, 201F Johnson Annex, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195. E-mail: [email protected] 38 GOTTMAN, LEVENSON, WOODIN eliciting stimuli, not during unrestrained social interaction (for a review see Gottman, 1993). -
Journal of Advertising Issues from 1972 to 1995 Uncovered Three Articles on Fear Appeals, but None on Guilt Appeals
1. The media you are interested in exploring 2. The psychological aspect you are interested in exploring regarding yourchosen media3. 3-4 journal articles (not newspaper articles) you found that address yourproposed paper topic. These references must be different from thereadings assigned for the course. Print and attach the articles with yourpaper proposal. 4. Any questions you have regarding the paper Topic Idea #1: Subconscious Roles of Guilt and Shame in the Decision Making Process of the Consumer Topic Idea #2: Living in the Wake of a Post Cold War Economy: The Ontogenesis of Sex In Advertising After the Death of a Wartime Sellers’ Market Topic Idea #3 (Possible I could combine these two topics to create a more heavily thesis driven paper, although this might be a little bit overkill for this particular assignment; the topic idea is based around a transference of the concepts discussed involving the origin of embedding sex into advertising and the socio-economic factors that prompted the rife breeding ground for such.. all the while drawing parallels between past and current/future economic states to make sense of the new idea while discussing the idea of economic consumption[spending] in its current hybrid, modernized form [so I would argue, at least]- a model in which consumer decisions are based equally on desire as they are on a competing & inhibitory force brooding in the consumer’s subconscious. The primary new elements of consumer psychology being considered are guilt and shame. As the desire driven consumerism that was birthed from post cold war culture is contrasted to the economy of today, with consideration of new technologies and the internet, in order to explain the proposed update for a model of consumer psychology as a logical extension of previously accepted psychological models, the paper should alternate between Freudian roots and modern concepts in psychology. -
Danger Signs in Romantic Relationships
Clinical Science Insights Randy L. and Melvin R. Berlin Grand Rounds Danger Signs in Romantic Relationships By Kelley Quirk, PhD Danger signs can also be observed in the way partners Madigan Family Postdoctoral Clinical Research Fellow treat each other. Couples often engage in behaviors that are designed to sustain the good in a relationship Problems in intimate relationships are associated with and promote commitment and dedication; these types a host of negative psychological and physical health of behaviors are called positive relational maintenance consequences, such as depression, anxiety, and heart behaviors. For example, partners often discuss future disease (Hawkins & Booth, 2005; Fincham & Beach, plans and goals together, or ask for reassurance from 2010; Whisman, 2007). Researchers have identified each other. However, maintenance behaviors can also be several types of interpersonal behaviors among couples negative. While negative relational behaviors are often that predict relationship distress or break-up/divorce; motivated by the desire to keep the relationship moving these are referred to as danger signs. Danger signs can forward, they are also considered danger signs. Examples take many forms, from aggressive behavior expressed on of negative relational maintenance behaviors include a first date to a long-term pattern of repeated escalation jealousy induction (e.g., publicly flirting with someone or withdrawal during discussions and arguments. other than your partner to remind them that you are Early and accurate awareness of danger signs may help desirable or could find someone else), or spying on your individuals make healthy decisions about how to proceed partner to verify fidelity (Dainton and Gross, 2008). within a new or long-term relationship. -
For This Month's Interview, Jeff Zeig Arranged for John Gottman To
For this month’s Interview, Jeff Zeig arranged for John Gottman to interview Paul Ekman at the end of the Couple’s Conference in April. Present in the room were Jeff Zeig, Lillian Borges Zeig and Helen Fisher. Here’s a short bio on our special interview subject: Paul Ekman, Ph.D., is a pioneering psychologist known for his study of emotions and their relationship to facial expression and body movement. For the past 30 years, he also has studied deceit and greatly contributed to the study of the social aspects of lying. The television series “Lie to Me” was based on his real-life scientific discoveries. In 2000, he was named by the American Psychological Association, one of the most influential psychologists of the 20th Century and named one of TIME magazine’s Top 100 most influential people of 2009. He is the author of more than 100 articles, as well as co-author of Emotion in the Human Face, Unmasking the Face, Facial Action Coding System, editor of Darwin and Facial Expression, co-editor of Handbook of Methods in Nonverbal Behavior Research, Approaches to Emotion, The Nature of Emotion, What the Face Reveals, and author of Face of Man, Telling Lies, Why Kids Lie, Emotions Revealed, Telling Lies, Dalai Lama-Emotional Awareness. He is also the editor of the third edition (1998) and the fourth edition (2009) of Charles Darwin’s, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1998). Paul Ekman’s work has shown that, contrary to the belief of some anthropologists (including Margaret Mead), facial expressions of emotion are not culturally determined, but are universal across human cultures and thus biological in origin. -
Computational Support for the Evaluation of Facial Expressions in Photographs
Computational Support for the Evaluation of Facial Expressions in Photographs by Rachel Klingberg Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master’s degree in Computer Science at The Seidenberg School of Computer Science and Information Systems Pace University May 2013 Abstract Computational Support for the Evaluation of Facial Expressions in Photographs by Rachel Klingberg Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master’s degree in Computer Science May 2013 Charles Darwin first proposed that certain facial expressions of spontaneous emotion are genetically determined and culturally universal in his 1872 monograph The Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals. His theory of evolution applied not only to physical qualities, but also to emotional expression, or behavioral attributes. The latter idea was not widely accepted until the 1960s, when Paul Ekman’s research in neuroscience, psychology, and anthropology validated Darwin’s theory of evolutionary behavior. Drawing on Ekman’s pioneering research and his comprehensive taxonomy of muscular actions of the face, this thesis describes research into the development of computer software aiding the evaluation of facial expressions in photographs. The software program described here reports the presence and intensity of seven universal emotions: anger, contempt, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise. A Web form prompts the user to match the photo’s appearance with a simple visual lexicon of the various muscular actions of the brow, eyes, nose and mouth. This input is compared to a relational data set of all possible actions of the facial muscles for all seven universal emotions. Using a weighted system of scoring, output reveals the presence and intensity of each of the emotions expressed by the photographic subject. -
Results of Gottman Method Couples Therapy with Gay and Lesbian Couples
Journal of Marital and Family Therapy doi: 10.1111/jmft.12276 © 2017 American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy RESULTS OF GOTTMAN METHOD COUPLES THERAPY WITH GAY AND LESBIAN COUPLES Salvatore Garanzini University of San Francisco Gay Couples Institute Alapaki Yee Gay Couples Institute John Gottman, Julie Gottman, Carrie Cole and Marisa Preciado The Gottman Institute Carolyn Jasculca Gay Couples Institute The results of an uncontrolled study of Gottman Method Couples Therapy in changing rela- tionship satisfaction with 106 gay and lesbian couples is reported in this paper. Measurement of relationship satisfaction was conducted at five separate time points. The data show signifi- cant improvements in relationship satisfaction following eleven sessions of therapy for both gay male and lesbian couples. Effect sizes suggest that this therapy was highly effective, com- pared to the usual 0.5 standard deviation effect size in couples therapy. Initial co-morbidities did not affect the size of the changes; in fact, some changes were significantly larger for three initial co-morbidities. Over the past decade there has been a major cultural shift in the way same-sex couples’ rela- tionships are viewed in the United States of America, culminating in the historic 2015 Supreme Court decision legalizing marriage for gay and lesbian couples. As Filmore, Baretto, and Ysasi (2016) noted, as this shift has taken place, professionals within the clinical community are facing a major challenge to have the tools be able to meet the growing needs of same-sex couples for counsel- ing, guidance, and therapy. Many other papers have been written calling for new methods to meet the particular needs of these couples and the problems that may arise from homophobia (for exam- ple, Addison & Coolhart, 2015; Belous, 2015; Brown, 2015; Green, Mitchell, Alan, Lebow, & Sny- der, 2015; Thomas, Marini, & Stebnicki, 2016).