2019 TURKMENISTAN: THE POPULATION AND MIGRATION OF ETHNIC MINORITIES DEMOCRATIC CIVIL UNION OF TURKMENISTAN, NETHERLANDS SUPPORTED BY NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY (NED, USA)
[email protected] TURKMENISTAN: THE POPULATION AND MIGRATION OF ETHNIC MINORITIES Table of Contents Turkmenistan: the population and migration of ethnic minorities. ............................................................. 2 1. Introduction: migrations as a formation factor of the Turkmen ethnic community and the history of national minorities settling in Turkmenistan ....................................................................................... 2 2. The population of Turkmenistan as part of the Russian Empire and the USSR ............................... 5 2.1. The era of the Russian Empire and the Civil War ..................................................................... 5 2.2. The early Soviet period ............................................................................................................. 8 2.3. The population of Turkmenistan in 1945-1989 ...................................................................... 13 3. Turkmenistan. Migration of national minorities in 1990-2018 ...................................................... 15 3.1. Turkmenistan in the early years of independence ................................................................. 15 3.2. The city of Krasnovodsk (Turkmenbashi) as a mirror of Slavic migration in 1993-2018. ....... 19 3.3. The decline in the Russian population in Krasnovodsk (Turkmenbashi)