Hauraki-Waikato

Published by the Parliamentary Library November 2014

Table of contents

Hauraki-Waikato: Electoral Profile 3 General notes 3 Election results 3 2014 General election results – electorate candidate votes 4 2011 General election results – electorate candidate votes 4 2008 General election results – electorate candidate votes 4 General election results – party vote 2008-2014 5 Voter enrolment and turnout 2011, 2014 6 Hauraki-Waikato: People 7 Population summary 7 Age groups of the Māori descent population 8 Figure 1. Age groups of the Māori descent population 8 Ethnic groups of the Māori descent population 9 Figure 2. Ethnic groups of the Māori descent population 9 Languages spoken by the Māori descent population 10 Highest qualifications of the Māori descent population aged 15 years and over 11 Figure 3. Highest qualifications of the Māori descent population aged 15 years and over 11 Ethnic groups of school pupils July 2014 12 affiliations 13 Religious affiliations of the Māori descent population 14 Cigarette smoking behaviour of the Māori descent population aged 15 years and over 15 Hauraki-Waikato: Households 16 Family type of Māori families in private dwellings 16 Family income of families with at least one Māori descent member 17 Figure 4. Family income of families with at least one Māori descent member 17 Social marital status of Māori descent people aged 15 years and over 18 Household composition of Māori households in private dwellings 18 Access to telecommunications for Māori households 18 Motor vehicles for Māori households 18 Tenure of dwellings for Māori Households 19 Weekly rent paid by Māori households 20 Fuel type used to heat dwellings for Māori households 20 Māori ethnic group school pupils by socio-economic status decile of schools, July 2014 21 Index of deprivation for areas within the electorate 22 Index of deprivation map 23 Index of deprivation map (Inserts) 24 Hauraki-Waikato: Work 25 Personal income of the Māori descent population aged 15 years and over 25 Figure 5. Personal income of the Māori descent population aged 15 years and over 25 Income support received by the Māori descent population ages 15 years and over (total response) 26 Labour force and employment status of the Māori descent population aged 15 years and over 26 Occupations of the employed Māori descent population aged 15 years and over 27 Industries of the employed Māori descent population aged 15 years and over 28 Unpaid activities of the Māori descent population aged 15 years and over 28 Travel to work for the Māori descent population aged 15 years and over 29 Glossary 30

Hauraki-Waikato: Electorate Profile 2

Hauraki-Waikato: Electoral Profile

General notes

In 2007 the Hauraki-Waikato electorate replaced the former Māori electorate of Tainui. The northern boundary is defined by the southern shore of the Manukau Harbour in the west, and Waiheke Island and the Coromandel Peninsula in the east. The eastern border extends south as far as Waihi Beach, skirts Katikati, and then follows the Kaimai Ranges down toward Matamata. The southern boundary travels west toward Karapiro, proceeds to the south of Te Awamutu, then emerges south of Kawhia on the west coast. The main urban centres and towns within the electorate include Hamilton, Huntly, Ngaruawahia, Pukekohe, Papakura, Matamata, Cambridge, Thames, Whitianga, Te Awamutu, Raglan, and Kawhia. There were no boundary changes for 2014. Between Census 2006 and Census 2013 the Hauraki-Waikato electorate experienced 9.9% population growth, almost double the average (5.3%), and the highest rate of growth among the seven Māori electorates. In 2013 the median age of the Māori descent population in Hauraki-Waikato was 23, the lowest- equal median of any Māori electorate, and below the New Zealand median age of 37. Of the Māori descent population aged 15 years and over, 10.8% were unemployed in 2013, up from 7.7% in 2006, and more than double the 2013 figure for the New Zealand population overall (4.5%). The single biggest occupation of those employed in the electorate in 2013 was labourers (16.0%), followed by professionals (15.0%), managers (13.8%), clerical and administrative workers (11.0%), and technicians and trades workers (10.8%).

Election results

The winning candidate in the 2014 election, Nanaia Mahuta (Labour Party), captured a majority (61.6%) of the 19,803 valid electorate votes cast for candidates in the Hauraki-Waikato electorate. The seat was previously won in 2011 by Nanaia Mahuta (Labour Party) with a margin of 5,935. The Labour Party also captured a plurality (46.5%) of the party votes in Hauraki-Waikato, up 0.4 percentage points on its party vote share in 2011. Turnout (total votes cast as a proportion of enrolled electors) in 2014 was 63.6%.

Hauraki-Waikato: Electorate Profile 3

2014 General election results – electorate candidate votes

Candidate Valid Votes Share (%) MAHUTA, Nanaia (LAB) 12,191 61.56 CULLEN, Susan (MAOR) 4,496 22.70 GREENSILL, Angeline Ngahina (MANA) 3,116 15.73 Total Valid Votes 19,803 100.00 Total Votes Cast 22,025 111.22 Winning Candidate: MAHUTA, Nanaia - margin 7695

For interpretation of abbreviations, see Glossary.

2011 General election results – electorate candidate votes

Candidate Valid Votes Share (%) MAHUTA, Nanaia (LAB) 9,751 58.38 GREENSILL, Angeline (MANA) 3,816 22.84 MATAKI, Tau Bruce (MAOR) 2,899 17.36 KARAMAENE, Te Ariki (NI) 238 1.42 Total Valid Votes 16,704 100.00 Total Votes Cast 18,901 113.15

For interpretation of abbreviations, see Glossary.

2008 General election results – electorate candidate votes

Candidate Valid Votes Share (%) MAHUTA, Nanaia (LAB) 9,349 52.49 GREENSILL, Angeline Ngahina (MAOR) 8,461 47.51 Total Valid Votes 17,810 100.00 Total Votes Cast 19,454 109.23

For interpretation of abbreviations, see Glossary.

Hauraki-Waikato: Electorate Profile 4

General election results – party vote 2008-2014

Party Valid Votes Share (%) Valid Votes Share (%) Valid Votes Share (%)

2008 2011 2014 Labour Party 9,819 52.55 8,250 46.11 9,724 46.50 Party 1,022 5.47 1,758 9.83 2,796 13.37 Māori Party 5,172 27.68 2,337 13.06 2,504 11.97 Green Party 603 3.23 1,634 9.13 2,043 9.77 Internet MANA 1,689 8.08 National Party 1,347 7.21 1,491 8.33 1,583 7.57 Legalise Cannabis Party 236 1.26 258 1.44 306 1.46 Conservative 76 0.42 159 0.76 ACT New Zealand 113 0.60 37 0.21 43 0.21 Ban1080 34 0.16 33 0.18 33 0.18 14 0.07 Focus New Zealand 10 0.05 Democrats for Social Credit 2 0.01 2 0.01 5 0.02 The Civilian Party 3 0.01 NZ Independent Coalition 1 0.00 Mana 2,007 11.22 7 0.04 8 0.04 Alliance 2 0.01 2 0.01 Family Party 138 0.74 The Bill and Ben Party 98 0.52 's Progressive 41 0.22 Kiwi Party 33 0.18 Workers Party 6 0.03 New Zealand Pacific Party 5 0.03 RAM - Residents Action Movement 3 0.02 The Republic of 4 0.02 Total Valid Votes 18,684 100.00 17,893 100.00 20,914 100.00 Total Votes Cast 19,454 104.12 18,901 105.63 22,025 105.31

Hauraki-Waikato: Electorate Profile 5

Voter enrolment and turnout 2011, 2014

Hauraki-Waikato Total Māori Hauraki-Waikato Total Māori electorates electorates 2011 2014 Voting Age Population (VAP) * 62,200 461,900 65,800 475,100 Electors on General Roll who declared 24,133 188,608 25,921 201,551 Māori descent ** Electors on Māori Roll (EMR) 33,215 233,100 34,648 239,941 Total Enrolled 57,348 421,708 60,569 441,492 Total Votes Cast by EMR (TVC) 18,901 135,734 22,025 156,147 % VAP Enrolled 92 91 92 93 Turnout (TVC as % EMR) 57 58 64 65 *Estimated Māori Descent population as at: June 2011; June 2014. Based on projected Māori Ethnic Group populations for regions and territorial authorities. ** Electoral Enrolment Centre statistics as at November 2011; and Electoral Commission enrolment statistics as at September 2014.

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Hauraki-Waikato: People

Population summary

Numbers and Percent Change Usually Resident Population 2013 Census 94,539 Usually Resident Population 2006 Census 85,998 Increase 2006 - 2013 8,541 Percent Increase 2006 - 2013 10 Percent Increase 2006 - 2013, New Zealand 5

Hauraki-Waikato: Electorate Profile 7

Age groups of the Māori descent population

Hauraki-Waikato New Zealand Number % Rank * % Age 0-4 Years 11,412 12.1 1 6.9 Age 5-14 Years 21,006 22.2 2 13.5 Age 15-19 Years 9,336 9.9 3 7.0 Age 20-29 Years 13,917 14.7 3 12.9 Age 30-49 Years 22,317 23.6 6 26.7 Age 50-64 Years 11,799 12.5 5 18.7 Age 65 Years And Over 4,743 5.0 5 14.3 Total 94,539 100.0 100.0 Median Age (Years) 23 6 Total 18 Years And Over 56,358 59.6 75.4 Total Males 45,009 47.6 48.7 Total Females 49,530 52.4 51.3 The median age for New Zealand as a whole is 37 years.

Figure 1. Age groups of the Māori descent population

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Ethnic groups of the Māori descent population

Hauraki-Waikato New Zealand Number % Rank * % European 50,199 53.3 4 74.0 Māori 79,608 84.5 4 14.9 Pacific Peoples 6,981 7.4 3 7.4 Asian 1,509 1.6 2 11.8 Middle Eastern/Latin American/African 180 0.2 5 1.2 Other (Incl New Zealander) 930 1.0 4 1.7 Total Specified 94,257 100.0 100.0 Not Elsewhere Included 279 People reporting themselves in more than one category have been counted in each, so the sum of responses in the table may be greater than the number of people responding.

Figure 2. Ethnic groups of the Māori descent population

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Languages spoken by the Māori descent population

Hauraki-Waikato New Zealand Number % Rank * % English 90,744 96.0 6 90.1 Māori 17,811 18.8 3 3.5 NZ Sign 618 0.7 6 0.5 Samoan 306 0.3 6 2.0 Other 1,320 1.4 4 13.9 None 2,175 2.3 2 1.6 Total People 94,536 100.0 100.0

People reporting themselves in more than one category have been counted in each, so the sum of responses in the table may be greater than the number of people responding.

Hauraki-Waikato: Electorate Profile 10

Highest qualifications of the Māori descent population aged 15 years and over

Hauraki-Waikato New Zealand Number % Rank * % No Qualification 19,152 30.8 3 18.6 Level 1 Certificate Gained at School 9,363 15.1 6 11.4 Level 2 Certificate Gained at School 6,561 10.6 6 8.6 Level 3 or 4 Certificate Gained at School 4,482 7.2 3 6.6

Overseas Secondary School Qualification 300 0.5 3 6.0

Level 1, 2 or 3 Certificate Gained Post- 3,048 4.9 2 3.0 school Level 4 Certificate Gained Post-school 5,262 8.5 4 8.6

Level 5 or 6 Diploma 3,447 5.5 6 8.2 Bachelor Degree and Level 7 4,437 7.1 4 12.1 Qualifications Post-Graduate and Honours Degree 738 1.2 3 2.6 Masters Degree 579 0.9 3 2.5 Doctorate Degree 99 0.2 3 0.7 Not Specified 4,650 7.5 11.1 Total 62,115 100.0 100.0

Figure 3. Highest qualifications of the Māori descent population aged 15 years and over

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Ethnic groups of school pupils July 2014

Hauraki-Waikato New Zealand Number % Rank * % European 47,420 53.2 3 53.9 Māori 24,963 28.0 4 22.4 Pacific Peoples 5,067 5.7 5 9.7 Asian 8,574 9.6 3 10.2 Middle Eastern/Latin American/African 1,849 2.1 3 1.9

International Students 726 0.8 5 1.2 Other 526 0.6 6 0.6 Total Roll 89,125 100.0 100.0

Prepared from Ministry of Education data.

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Iwi affiliations

Iwi Number Ngāpuhi 18168 Waikato 16077 Ngāti Maniapoto 9024 Ngāti Porou 7632 Ngāti Tūwharetoa 4119 Tainui 4038 Tūhoe 3471 Ngāi Tahu / Kāi Tahu 3393 Ngāti Haua (Waikato) 2649 Ngāti Raukawa (Waikato) 2556 Te Arawa 2367 Te Rarawa 1833 Ngaiterangi 1830 Ngāti Kahungunu ki Te Wairoa 1743 Ngāti Awa 1656 Ngāti Whātua 1653 Ngāti Kahungunu, region unspecified 1557 Te Whānau-a-Apanui 1410 Ngāti Maru (Hauraki) 1245 Whakatōhea 1242 Te Atiawa (Taranaki) 1200 Ngāti Paoa 1194 Ngāti Tamaterā 1131 Ngāti Raukawa (Horowhenua/Manawatū) 1077 Te Aupōuri 1035 Ngāti Ranginui 1008 Ngāti Pikiao (Te Arawa) 981 Ngāti Kahu 960 Ngāti Raukawa, region unspecified 906 Te Ati Haunui-a-Pāpārangi 849 These are the top 30 Iwi for the Hauraki-Waikato electorate. People reporting themselves in more than one iwi have been counted in each, so the sum of responses in the table may be greater than the number of people.

Hauraki-Waikato: Electorate Profile 13

Religious affiliations of the Māori descent population

Hauraki-Waikato New Zealand Number % Rank * % Buddhist 246 0.3 6 1.5 Christian 34,752 38.2 6 47.7 - Anglican 8,097 8.9 7 11.8 - Baptist 675 0.7 3 1.4 - Brethren 318 0.3 1 0.5 - Catholic 7,935 8.7 7 12.6 - Christian (not further defined) 4,887 5.4 5 5.5 - Congregational/Reformed 33 0.0 5 0.4 - Jehovah's Witnesses 684 0.8 6 0.5 - Latter Day Saints 4,812 5.3 1 1.0 - Methodist 3,051 3.4 1 2.6 - Pentecostal 1,620 1.8 3 1.9 - Presbyterian 2,775 3.0 5 8.1 - Salvation Army 87 0.1 6 0.2 - Seventh Day Adventist 225 0.2 4 0.4 Hindu 114 0.1 5 2.3 Islam/Muslim 129 0.1 5 1.2 Judaism/Jewish 72 0.1 5 0.2 Māori Christian 5,346 5.9 6 1.4 - Rātana 4,389 4.8 6 1.0 - Ringatū 1,038 1.1 3 0.3 Spiritualism and New Age Religions 507 0.6 5 0.5

Other Religions 1,113 1.2 1 0.9 Residual Categories 9,402 10.3 3 13.3 No Religion 45,789 50.3 2 41.9 Total Specified 91,041 100.0 100.0

People reporting themselves in more than one category have been counted in each, so the sum of responses in the table may be greater than the number of people responding.

Hauraki-Waikato: Electorate Profile 14

Cigarette smoking behaviour of the Māori descent population aged 15 years and over

Hauraki-Waikato New Zealand Number % Rank * % Regular Smoker 18,687 30.1 4 13.7 Ex-Smoker 13,311 21.4 6 20.8 Never Smoked 27,453 44.2 4 56.3 Not Elsewhere Included 2,667 4.3 9.2 Total 62,115 100.0 100.0 *Rank 1 (high) to 7 (low) among Māori electorates. Ranks are of % in each group. Some totals may differ due to rounding.

All tables prepared from Statistics New Zealand 2013 Census data, unless otherwise noted.

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Hauraki-Waikato: Households

Family type of Māori families in private dwellings

Hauraki-Waikato New Zealand Number % Rank * % Couple Only 8,946 26.7 5 40.9 Two Parent Family 13,695 40.8 4 41.3 One Parent Family 10,890 32.5 4 17.8 Total 33,528 100.0 100.0

A Māori family is defined as a family with at least one Māori Descent member.

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Family income of families with at least one Māori descent member

Hauraki-Waikato New Zealand Number % Rank * % Nil or Loss 354 1.1 1 1.0 $1-$5,000 522 1.6 3 1.0 $5,001-$10,000 588 1.8 2 0.9 $10,001-$15,000 858 2.6 4 1.3 $15,001-$20,000 1,308 3.9 4 2.3 $20,001-$25,000 1,365 4.1 3 2.2 $25,001-$30,000 1,821 5.4 5 4.8 $30,001-$35,000 1,584 4.7 5 5.3 $35,001-$40,000 1,269 3.8 5 3.3 $40,001-$50,000 2,328 6.9 6 7.0 $50,001-$60,000 2,304 6.9 5 7.0 $60,001-$70,000 2,145 6.4 5 6.7 $70,001-$100,000 5,727 17.1 3 18.6 $100,001+ 6,849 20.4 4 27.4 Not Specified 4,503 13.4 11.3 Total 33,531 100.0 100.0 Median ($) 61,000 4 The Median family income for New Zealand as a whole is $72,700.

Figure 4. Family income of families with at least one Māori descent member

Hauraki-Waikato: Electorate Profile 17

Social marital status of Māori descent people aged 15 years and over

Hauraki-Waikato New Zealand Number % Rank * % Married 16,662 26.8 4 42.4 Other Partnership 12,189 19.6 5 13.9 Total Partnership 28,851 46.4 5 56.3 Non-Partnered 31,206 50.2 3 36.7 Not Stated 2,055 3.3 7.0 Total 62,115 100.0 100.0

Household composition of Māori households in private dwellings

Hauraki-Waikato New Zealand Number % Rank * % One Family 29,427 75.8 2 66.5 Two Families 2,511 6.5 2 3.1 Three or More Families 201 0.5 2 0.2 Non-Family Household 2,403 6.2 3 4.7 One Person Household 4,260 11.0 7 22.9 Not Available 27 0.1 2.6 Total Households 38,829 100.0 100.0

A Māori household is defined as a household with at least one Māori Descent member.

Access to telecommunications for Māori households

Hauraki-Waikato New Zealand Number % Rank * % No Access 1,346 3.5 3 1.6 Cellphone 32,524 83.8 2 79.4 Telephone 27,186 70.0 6 81.1 Fax 4,051 10.4 3 13.8 Internet 25,659 66.1 4 72.8 Total Households 38,829 100.0 100.0

Households reporting more than one means of access to telecommunications have been counted in each stated category. Thus the sum of responses in the table may be greater than the number of households.

Motor vehicles for Māori households

Hauraki-Waikato New Zealand Number % Rank * % None 3,666 9.4 5 7.5 One 12,843 33.1 6 35.7 Two 14,391 37.1 3 36.5 Three Plus 7,044 18.1 4 15.3 Not Elsewhere Included 885 2.3 5.0 Total 38,832 100.0 100.0

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Tenure of dwellings for Māori Households

Hauraki-Waikato New Zealand Number % Rank * % Owned 13,974 36.0 6 46.8 - mortgage 9,894 25.5 5 25.7 - no mortgage 3,717 9.6 6 19.9 - mortgage not specified 363 0.9 5 1.2 Not owned 20,355 52.4 2 33.0 - paying rent 19,026 49.0 2 29.2 - no rent 1,191 3.1 5 3.5 - rent not specified 138 0.4 4 0.3 Held in Family Trust 3,279 8.4 5 13.9 - mortgage 1,884 4.9 3 6.0 - no mortgage 1,191 3.1 7 7.0 - mortgage not specified 204 0.5 6 0.9 Tenure not specified 1,224 3.2 6.3 Total Households 38,829 100.0 100.0 A Māori household is defined as a household with at least one Māori Descent member.

Hauraki-Waikato: Electorate Profile 19

Weekly rent paid by Māori households

Hauraki-Waikato New Zealand Number % Rank * % Under $100 1,578 8.3 5 8.3 $100 - $149 1,272 6.7 6 7.9 $150 - $199 1,599 8.4 5 9.1 $200 - $249 2,244 11.8 5 11.7 $250 - $299 3,678 19.3 2 14.3 $300 - $349 3,597 18.9 1 14.1 $350 And Over 4,206 22.1 4 30.8 Not Elsewhere Included 852 4.5 3.7 Total 19,023 100.0 100.0

Fuel type used to heat dwellings for Māori households

Hauraki-Waikato New Zealand Number % Rank * % None 1,863 4.8 3 2.8 Electricity 27,123 69.9 3 74.9 Mains Gas 5,010 12.9 2 11.4 Bottled Gas 8,274 21.3 4 14.6 Wood 12,765 32.9 6 34.8 Coal 2,019 5.2 2 3.9 Solar Power 393 1.0 5 1.5 Other Fuels 600 1.5 4 1.5 Total 38,829 100.0 100.0

Occupied private dwellings using more than one fuel type for heating were counted in each stated category. Therefore the total responses in the table will be more than the total number of private occupied dwellings.

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Māori ethnic group school pupils by socio-economic status decile of schools, July 2014

Hauraki-Waikato New Zealand Number of Māori Decile of School % % of Māori Pupils % of Total Pupils Pupils One 3,585 14.4 15.3 6.7 Two 3,024 12.1 16.6 7.7 Three 3,199 12.8 12.4 7.1 Four 3,652 14.6 11.7 8.5 Five 2,550 10.2 10.7 9.5 Six 4,082 16.4 8.9 10.3 Seven 1,415 5.7 6.3 9.2 Eight 1,656 6.6 6.7 12.0 Nine 867 3.5 5.3 11.9 Ten 910 3.6 4.4 15.7 Not Allocated 23 0.1 1.7 1.4 Total 24,963 100.0 100.0 100.0 Decile Ten is the highest socio-economic status.

Prepared from Ministry of Education data.

*Rank 1 (high) to 7 (low) among Māori electorates. Ranks are of % in each group. Some totals may differ due to rounding.

All tables prepared from Statistics New Zealand 2013 Census data, unless otherwise noted.

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Index of deprivation for areas within the electorate The Index of Deprivation Maps show the socioeconomic deprivation in different areas of the Hauraki- Waikato electorate. The higher the Index of Deprivation (1-10), the more deprived an area is considered (see Glossary). Maps use data from the usually resident population, not just the Māori descent population.

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Index of deprivation map

Hauraki-Waikato: Electorate Profile 23

Index of deprivation map (Inserts)

Hauraki-Waikato: Electorate Profile 24

Hauraki-Waikato: Work

Personal income of the Māori descent population aged 15 years and over

Hauraki-Waikato New Zealand Number % Rank * % Nil or Loss 6,582 10.6 3 7.7 $1-$5,000 4,302 6.9 4 5.5 $5,001-$10,000 4,104 6.6 4 4.9 $10,001-$15,000 5,865 9.4 5 7.9 $15,001-$20,000 5,268 8.5 5 8.5 $20,001-$25,000 4,116 6.6 5 6.7 $25,001-$30,000 3,903 6.3 5 5.6 $30,001-$35,000 3,501 5.6 5 5.2 $35,001-$40,000 3,795 6.1 4 5.6 $40,001-$50,000 5,271 8.5 4 8.6 $50,001-$60,000 3,693 5.9 4 6.7 $60,001-$70,000 2,670 4.3 4 5.0 $70,001-$100,000 3,222 5.2 4 7.1 $100,001+ 1,626 2.6 4 5.4 Not Specified 4,200 6.8 9.7 Total 62,118 100.0 100.0 Median ($) 23,400 3 The median personal income for New Zealand as a whole is $28,500.

Figure 5. Personal income of the Māori descent population aged 15 years and over

Hauraki-Waikato: Electorate Profile 25

Income support received by the Māori descent population ages 15 years and over (total response)

Hauraki-Waikato New Zealand Number % Rank * % NZ Superannuation or Veterans Pension 4,299 6.9 5 15.6

Unemployment Benefit 4,101 6.6 4 2.7 Sickness Benefit 2,931 4.7 4 2.3 Domestic Purposes Benefit 5,679 9.1 1 2.6 Invalids Benefit 2,481 4.0 3 2.2 Student Allowance 2,571 4.1 3 2.6 Other government benefits 3,372 5.4 4 3.9 No government benefit 44,820 72.2 6 87.1 Not Specified 1,548 2.5 7.2 Total aged 15 and over 62,115 100.0 100.0

People reporting themselves in more than one category have been counted in each, so the sum of responses in the table may be greater than the number of people responding.

Labour force and employment status of the Māori descent population aged 15 years and over

Hauraki-Waikato New Zealand Number % Rank * % Full-time Employed 27,294 43.9 5 45.6 Part-time Employed 7,962 12.8 6 13.6 Unemployed 6,702 10.8 2 4.5 Total Labour Force 41,958 67.5 4 63.8 Not in Labour Force 20,160 32.5 4 31.3 Labour Force Status Not Specified 4.9 Total Aged 15 Years and over 62,115 100.0 100.0 Employed - Paid Employee 29,943 48.2 5 46.0 - Employer 1,263 2.0 4 3.8 - Self Employed, Not Employing 2,487 4.0 5 7.0 - Unpaid Worker in Family Business 591 1.0 5 1.1 - Employment Status Not Specified 972 1.6 4 1.3 - Total Employed 35,253 56.8 5 59.3

Hauraki-Waikato: Electorate Profile 26

Occupations of the employed Māori descent population aged 15 years and over

Hauraki-Waikato New Zealand Number % Rank * % Managers 4,875 13.8 4 17.8 Professionals 5,286 15.0 4 21.3 Technicians And Trades Workers 3,798 10.8 3 11.4 Community And Personal Service 3,645 10.3 5 8.5 Workers Clerical And Administrative Workers 3,870 11.0 3 11.4 Sales Workers 2,943 8.3 4 8.8 Machinery Operators and Drivers 3,156 9.0 1 5.2 Labourers 5,631 16.0 5 10.5 Not Specified 2,052 5.8 5.0 Total 35,256 100.0 100.0

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Industries of the employed Māori descent population aged 15 years and over

Hauraki-Waikato New Zealand Number % Rank * % Agriculture, forestry and fishing 1,959 5.6 6 6.5 Mining 207 0.6 2 0.3 Manufacturing 4,281 12.1 3 9.4 Electricity, gas, water and waste services 393 1.1 1 0.7

Construction 3,336 9.5 3 7.6 Wholesale trade 1,446 4.1 2 4.8 Retail trade 3,018 8.6 5 9.4 Accommodation 1,884 5.3 4 5.6 Transport, postal and warehousing 1,827 5.2 3 4.1 Information media and 324 0.9 5 1.8 telecommunications Financial and insurance services 711 2.0 4 3.4 Rental, hiring and real estate services 714 2.0 3 2.5

Professional, scientific and technical 1,689 4.8 4 8.4 services Administrative and support services 1,362 3.9 3 3.3 Public administration and safety 1,827 5.2 5 4.9 Education and training 3,126 8.9 3 8.0 Health care and social assistance 3,387 9.6 5 9.6 Arts and recreation services 663 1.9 5 1.8 Other Services 1,308 3.7 4 3.9 Not Elsewhere Included 1,794 5.1 4.0 Total 35,256 100.0 100.0

Unpaid activities of the Māori descent population aged 15 years and over

Hauraki-Waikato New Zealand Number % Rank * % Household Work for Own Household 50,337 81.0 2 76.7 Looking After Child from Own Household 25,032 40.3 1 27.4

Looking After Disabled/Ill Household 7,422 11.9 1 6.6 Member Looking After Child not from Own 14,160 22.8 4 13.7 Household Helping Disabled/Ill non-Household 7,224 11.6 3 7.9 Member Other Helping or Voluntary Work 11,544 18.6 3 13.9 No Unpaid Activities 6,108 9.8 7 10.3 Total 62,115 100.0 100.0 Total Stated 58,425 94.1 89.5 Not Elsewhere Included 3,690 5.9 10.5 People reporting themselves in more than one category have been counted in each, so the responses in the table may be greater than the number of people responding. A person’s unpaid activities cover unpaid activities performed in the four weeks ending 5 March 2013.

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Travel to work for the Māori descent population aged 15 years and over

Hauraki-Waikato New Zealand Number % Rank * % Worked at Home 1,779 5.0 5 8.5 Did Not Go To Work Today 3,642 10.3 5 10.4 Drove a Private Car, Truck or Van 18,480 52.4 1 48.6 Drove a Company Car, Truck or Van 3,672 10.4 3 10.9 Passenger in a Car, Truck, Van or 2,016 5.7 5 3.8 Company Bus Public Bus 585 1.7 4 3.2 Train 204 0.6 5 1.2 Motor Cycle or Power Cycle 354 1.0 6 1.3 Bicycle 585 1.7 5 2.2 Walked or Jogged 1,797 5.1 3 5.3 Other 252 0.7 6 0.9 Not Elsewhere Included 1,893 5.4 3.7 Total 35,256 100.0 100.0 *Rank 1 (high) to 7 (low) among Māori electorates. Ranks are of % in each group. Some totals may differ due to rounding.

All tables prepared from Statistics New Zealand 2013 Census data, unless otherwise noted.

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Glossary

Term Meaning Abbreviations The party abbreviations for 2014 are: ACT New Zealand (ACT), Alliance (ALL), Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party (ALCP), Ban1080 (BAN), Climate Party (CLI), Communist League (CL), Conservative (CNSP), Democrats for Social Credit (NZDSC), The Expats (EXP), Focus New Zealand (FNZ), Green Party (GP), Human Rights Party (HR), Independent (IND), Internet Party (IP), Labour Party (LAB), Mana Movement (MANA), Māori Party (MAOR), Money Free Party (MFP), National Party (NAT), New Zealand First Party (NZF), NZ Economic Euthenics (NZEE), NZ Independent Coalition (NZIC), Patriotic Revolutionary Front (PRF), United Future (UFNZ) The party abbreviations for 2011 are: ACT New Zealand (ACT), Alliance (ALL), Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party (ALCP), Aotearoa NZ Youth Party (ANYP), Communist League (CL), Conservative Party (CNSP), Democrats for Social Credit (NZDSC), Green Party (GP), Human Rights Party (HR), Independent (IND), Labour Party (LAB), Libertarianz (LIB), Mana (MANA), Maori Party (MAOR), National Party (NAT), New Economics Party (NEP) Nga Iwi Morehu Movement (NI), NZ Economic Euthenics (NZEE), New Zealand First Party (NZF), New Zealand Sovereignty Party (NZSP), Pirate Party of New Zealand (PIR), Restore All Things in Christ (RATC), United Future (UFNZ). The party abbreviations for 2008 are: Aotearoa NZ Youth Party (ANYIPP), ACT New Zealand (ACT), Alliance (ALL), Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party (ALCP), Communist League (CL), Democrats for Social Credit (NZDSC), Direct Democracy Party (DDP), Family Party (FAM), Green Party (GP), Hapu Party (HP), Human Rights Party (HR), Independent (IND), Jim Anderton's Progressive (JAP), Kiwi Party (KIWI), Labour Party (LAB), Libertarianz (LIB), McGillicuddy Serious Party (McG), Māori Party (MAOR), National Party (NAT), New Zealand First Party (NZF), New Zealand Pacific Party (NZPP), New Zealand Representative Party (NZRP), No Commercial Airport at Whenuapai Airbase (NCAWAP), NZ Economic Euthenics (NZEE), RAM – Residents Action Movement (RAM), Restore All Things in Christ (RATC), The Bill and Ben Party (BB), The Republic of NZ Party (RONZP), United Future (UFNZ), Workers Party (WP). Area Units Area units are aggregations of meshblocks. They are non-administrative geographic areas that are in between meshblocks and territorial authorities in size. Area units must either define, or aggregate to define, regional councils, territorial authorities, and urban areas. Area units within urban areas normally contain a population of 3,000–5,000 people. (Statistics New Zealand). Boundaries The physical boundaries of an electorate determined by the Representation Commission according to criteria specified in the Electoral Act 1993. By-election An election in an electorate seat to fill a vacancy that arises between general elections. There are no party votes cast in a by-election. A person who is a New Zealand citizen who is enrolled as an elector and who has been nominated Candidate with his or her consent for election to Parliament as a dual candidate, an electorate candidate, or a list candidate. Census usually Population as calculated on census night, the latest census figures being as at March 2013. resident population The census usually resident population count is all people counted in New Zealand on census night excluding overseas visitors and New Zealand residents temporarily overseas. Employment Full-time employment is equal to people working 30 or more hours per week. Part-time employment is equal to people working 1-29 hours per week. General One of 64 geographic areas (periodically defined and named by the Representation Commission) Electorates which can be contested by candidates of any ethnicity, and who are enrolled on either the General or Māori Roll. Voters, who have to be on the General Roll, elect one electorate MP who must gain a plurality of the electorate votes cast in that electorate.

Income Includes income from all sources, including not only wages and salaries, but also other sources such as benefits, interest payments etc. Income figures given are for before tax (gross) income. Index of The Index of Deprivation (a number from 1 to 10) is high for an area with a high degree of Socioeconomic socioeconomic "deprivation", and is low for an affluent or less needy area. In New Zealand

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Deprivation as a whole, small areas are evenly divided among the ten deciles. The index is calculated from such factors as proportions of people dependent on benefits, unemployed, and living in a single-parent family, and proportions of households with income below a certain threshold, with no access to a telephone, and with no access to a car. For more information, see the NZDep2013 Index of Deprivation Research Report (http://www.otago.ac.nz/wellington/research/hirp/otago020194.html) Māori One of seven geographic areas (periodically defined and named by the Representation Electorate Commission) which can be contested by candidates of any ethnicity, and who are enrolled on either the General or Māori Roll. Voters, who have to be on the Māori Roll, elect one electorate MP who must gain a plurality of the electorate votes cast in that electorate. Margin The margin is the difference between the number of electorate votes received by the winning candidate and those received by the candidate with the second-highest number of electorate votes. Median Median is the "middle value" of a list. The smallest number such that at least half the numbers in the list are no greater than it. If the list has an odd number of entries, the median is the middle entry in the list after sorting the list into increasing order. If the list has an even number of entries, the median is equal to the sum of the two middle after sorting) numbers divided by two. Meshblock A meshblock is the smallest geographic unit for which Statistics New Zealand collects statistical data. Meshblocks vary in size, from part of a city block to large areas of rural land. Each meshblock borders on another to cover all of New Zealand, extending out to the 200- mile economic zone (approximately 320 kilometres). Meshblocks are aggregated to build larger geographic areas, such as area units, territorial authorities, and regional councils. At the time of the 2013 Census, there were 46,637 meshblocks in New Zealand Quotas The Electoral Act 1993 provides that the South Island has 16 General electoral districts. The General electoral population of the South Island is divided by 16 to give the South Island quota. The North Island General electoral population is then divided by the South Island quota to give the number of North Island General electoral districts. The North Island General electoral population is divided by the number of North Island General electorates to give the North Island quota. For the 2014 electorate boundaries, the South Island quota is 59,679 and the North Island quota is 59,731. In a similar way, the Māori electoral population is divided by the South Island quota and rounded to give the number of Māori electoral districts. The Māori electoral quota is the Māori electoral population divided by the number of Māori electoral districts. For the 201 4 electorate boundaries, the Māori quota is 60,141. For both General and Māori electoral districts the Commission may allow the electoral population to vary from quota by up to plus or minus 5%. Plurality A plurality occurs when a candidate receives less than half the votes but who receives the most votes (at least one more vote than any other candidate). There is no requirement in New Zealand that electorate candidates must win a majority (50% of the votes plus one) of the valid electorate votes. Rank The ranks shown in the tables for each general electorate (1-64), or each Māori electorate (1-7), reflect the relative position of each electorate in terms of the proportion of the electorate’s stated or total population for each measure. Electorates are ranked from the highest percent figure (ranked 1) to the lowest percent figure (ranked 64 or 7). Using a different total for the denominator may alter the rankings. Where no information is available the electorate is not ranked. Rounding Census data have been randomly rounded to multiples of three to protect confidentiality. Individual figures may not add up to totals, and values for the same data may vary in different tables. Suppression Census data have been suppressed in areas containing less than six individuals. This affects data in the Household Composition, Labour Force and Employment Status, and Industries of the Employed tables. Total responses Several census variables allow people to provide more than one response to the question. When a person has reported more than one response they will be counted in each group they reported. This means that the total population will be greater than the usual subject population for that variable, as individuals may be counted more than once. Total Votes Cast The total number of votes cast by enrolled electors, including valid votes, informal votes, and disallowed special votes. Turnout Expressed as a percentage turnout is the total number of votes cast (including valid votes, disallowed votes, and informal votes) as a proportion of the number of electors enrolled on Election Day.

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Voting Age Population The estimated population eligible to vote that includes enrolled and non-enrolled voters. The figures are supplied by the Electoral Commission and are as at 30 June 2014 using 2013 census data.

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