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Drowning in Loneliness and Writing the Blues: Creating Lesbian Space in the Novels of Radclyffe Hall and Leslie Feinberg

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Drowning in Loneliness and Writing the Blues: Creating Lesbian Space in the Novels of Radclyffe Hall and Leslie Feinberg University of Northern Iowa UNI ScholarWorks Dissertations and Theses @ UNI Student Work 1997 Drowning in loneliness and writing the blues: Creating lesbian space in the novels of Radclyffe Hall and Leslie Feinberg Laura Ellen Goetz University of Northern Iowa Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©1997 Laura Ellen Goetz Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/etd Part of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Studies Commons Recommended Citation Goetz, Laura Ellen, "Drowning in loneliness and writing the blues: Creating lesbian space in the novels of Radclyffe Hall and Leslie Feinberg" (1997). Dissertations and Theses @ UNI. 784. https://scholarworks.uni.edu/etd/784 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses @ UNI by an authorized administrator of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zed) Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. DROWNING IN LONELINESS AND WRITING THE BLUES: CREATING LESBIAN SPACE IN THE NOVELS OF RADCLYFFE HALL AND LESLIE FEINBERG A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Laura Ellen Goetz University of Northern Iowa May 1997 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 13 85242 Copyright 1997 by Goetz, Laura Ellen All rights reserved. UMI Microform 1385242 Copyright 1997, by UMI Company. Ail rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. DROWNING IN LONELINESS AND WRITING THE BLUES: CREATING LESBIAN SPACE IN THE NOVELS OF RADCLYFFE HALL AND LESLIE FEINBERG An Abstract of a Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Laura Ellen Goetz University of Northern Iowa May 1997 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT Feminist theory has long been concerned with identity politics, and feminists have grappled with the ideologies and identities of race, sex, gender, and sexuality, to name only a few. Psychoanalytic theorist Teresa Brennan and postmodern theorist Judith Butler combine feminism with their respective fields in their quests to figure out how subjectivities are created, and why some people are objectified or created as objects, while others are created as subjects. Literature is an excellent vehicle for studying subject/object creation and identity politics, because it often mirrors “real” life, because literature can have such an impact on the lives of those who read it, and because it can tap emotions and possibilities which theory cannot. Through the portrayals of the lesbian (and transgender, in the case of Stone Butch Blues'), protagonists’ lives, the ways in which Lhey are othered by people occupying subject positions, and the ways in which they resist that othering, Radclyffe Hall’s The Well of Loneliness and Leslie Feinberg’s Stone Butch Blues provide numerous examples of the workings of subject and object creation. They also illuminate possibilities which the theories cannot quite grasp, such as how to live a life which promotes the erasure of dichotomous thinking and living. The novels and theories are also excellent tools with which to explore facets of identity such as lesbian, butch, femme, and transgender, in an attempt to show that it is possible to expose the fiction of individual identity in order to dismantle our current oppressive systems of living and create a liberating, rather than an oppressive, world. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. This study by: Laura E. Goetz Entitled: Drowning in Loneliness and Writing the Blues: Creating Lesbian Space in the Novels of Radclyffe Hall and Leslie Feinberg has been approved as meeting the thesis requirement for the Degree of Master of Arts in Women’s Studies h i ^LU-O/IA -'h txW Date Dr. Susan E. Hill, Chair, Thesis Committee Date Dr. Martha J. Reinelce, Thesis Committee Member V [feteT - Cp j t Date 1 Dr. Cathe cGilhvray Committee Mem DateVul v Dc/John W. Somervill, Dean, Graduate College Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The energy and support of many people lies within the following pages, and I would like to thank a few of those people by name. First, thanks to Dr. Susan E. Hill for her expertise and for being the most marvelous advisor a butch could have. I also thank Dr. Martha J. Reineke and Dr. Catherine MacGillivray for their insights and encouragement. Thanks to Stacy van Gorp, Jeri Kurtzleben, and the rest of my Women’s Studies friends and faculty who have made me laugh, stimulated my mind, and helped me unwind during my graduate career. I am grateful for the Women’s Studies full tuition scholarship and graduate assistantship, which made the last two years less financially tenuous than they would have been otherwise. The love, support, and humor of my parents, Beverly and John Goetz, have sustained and uplifted me for the last twenty-four years, and I am eternally grateful to them and for them. Thanks, Joel, for being the little brother every tomboy needs. Finally, I am grateful to my partner, Jeannine Strunk, not only for reading multiple drafts of this thesis, but for her love and support, and her forgiveness when I had far too little time to devote to her. with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................... 1 Definitions......................................................................................... 5 Theoretical Constructs: Spatial Creations and Constrictions 8 Conclusion........................................................................................ 17 CHAPTER 2. SPACE OCCUPIED BY STEPHEN AND JESS 20 Introduction....................................................................................... 20 Reception of the Texts................................................................... 21 From Inverts to Lesbians............................................................... 23 Tomboys........................................................................................ 25 Mirror, M irror ................................................................................... 30 Conclusion........................................................................................ 36 CHAPTER 3. BUTCH/FEMME ROLES, COMMUNITY & RELATIONSHIPS.................................................................................. 38 Introduction..................................................................................... 38 New Women and Lesbian Visibility................................................. 40 Roles and Relationships................................................................... 46 Conclusion........................................................................................ 58 CHAPTER 4. TRANSGENDERED NARRATIVES ................................. 60 Introduction..................................................................................... 60 Transgendered Lives........................................................................ 62 Desire............................................................................................... 70 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Conclusion...................................................................................
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