Cultures of Anti-Racism in Latin America and the Caribbean
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Cultures of Anti-Racism in Latin America and the Caribbean edited by Peter Wade, James Scorer and Ignacio Aguiló INSTITUTE OF LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES Cultures of Anti-Racism in Latin America and the Caribbean edited by Peter Wade, James Scorer and Ignacio Aguiló University of London Press Institute of Latin American Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of London, 2019 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/. This book is also available online at http://humanities-digital-library.org. ISBN: 978-1-908857-55-2 (paperback edition) 978-1-908857-71-2 (.epub edition) 978-1-908857-70-5 (.mobi edition) 978-1-908857-72-9 (PDF edition) DOI: 10.14296/919.9781908857729 (PDF edition) Institute of Latin American Studies School of Advanced Study University of London Senate House London WC1E 7HU Telephone: 020 7862 8844 Email: [email protected] Web: http://ilas.sas.ac.uk Cover images: Top: Organización Barrial Túpac Amaru de Jujuy, Argentina, 2016. Photo: ideasGraves. License: CC-BY-2.0. Bottom: Marcha das Mulheres Negras, 2015. Photo: Janine Moraes, Brazilian Ministério da Cultura. License: CC-BY-2.0. Contents List of illustrations v Notes on contributors vii 1. Introduction: Latin American and Caribbean racisms in global and conceptual context 1 Peter Wade, James Scorer and Ignacio Aguiló 2. The antinomies of identity politics: neoliberalism, race and political participation in Colombia 25 Nick Morgan 3. Photography collectives and anti-racism in Peru and Argentina 49 Patricia Oliart and Agustina Triquell 4. Subverting racist imagery for anti-racist intent: Indigenous filmmaking from Latin America and the resignification of the archive 73 Charlotte Gleghorn 5. Cultural agency and anti-racism in Caribbean conceptual art 101 Fabienne Viala 6. Anti-racism in the classroom and beyond: teacher perspectives from Rio de Janeiro 125 Gudrun Klein 7. The last in a country of forgotten people: ancestry, music and identity among Bolivia’s Afro population 147 Lena Schubmann 8. White cholos? Discourses around race, whiteness and Lima’s fusion music 167 Fiorella Montero-Diaz 9. Bolivia’s anti-racism law: transforming a culture? 191 Henry Stobart Index 213 iii List of illustrations 3.1 ‘Pachacutec’ by Adrián Portugal from the series ‘Retratos de peruanos ejemplares’, 2005. 60 3.2 ‘Bailarina’ by Adrián Portugal from the series ‘Retratos de peruanos ejemplares’, 2005. 60 3.3 The two portraits by Colectivo Manifiesto, as altered by anonymous Facebook users. 67 4.1 Hunikui authority addressing the spectator in the prologue to Já me transformei em imagem (2008). 79 4.2 and 4.3 Bolinder photo and reenactment in Nabusímake (2010). 84 4.4 and 4.5. Juxtaposing the past of the archive and the future of interpretation in Sey arimaku (2012). 90 4.6 Still of Tsa’amri redeployed in O Mestre e o Divino 93 5.1 Moun Brilé by François Piquet, ‘Réparations’, Fonds d’Arts Contemporains, Guadeloupe, 2016. 108 5.2 Whip It Good was first commissioned by Art Labour Archives and Ballhaus Naunynstrasse, Berlin, 2013. 113 8.1 Joaquín Mariátegui – Bareto’s former lead guitarist. 173 9.1 Burning tyres on the streets of Sucre on 25 November 2007 on the morning after the deaths of three capitalía protesters. 192 9.2 Gregorio Mamani Villacorta (1960–2011). Depicted playing the charango and wearing sika bota leggings and tinku [ox-hide] fighting helmet. Image used in music video productions. 200 v Notes on contributors Ignacio Aguiló is lecturer in Latin American cultural studies at the University of Manchester. Broadly speaking, his research focuses on race in contemporary South American cultural production. He is the author of The Darkening Nation: Race, Neoliberalism and Crisis in Argentina (2018), which explores the connections between the 2001 financial meltdown in Argentina and the crisis of narratives of whiteness and national belonging, by examining literary texts, popular music, artworks and films. His current research project looks at notions of kitsch and bad taste in contemporary literature, video clips, films and architecture by indigenous artists from Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru, focusing on the racial dimension of the politics of taste. Charlotte Gleghorn is lecturer in Latin American film studies at the University of Edinburgh. Her research engages with the politics of authorship, aesthetics and film production in diverse contexts across Latin America. From 2009 to 2014, she worked on the European Research Council project ‘Indigeneity in the Contemporary World: Performance, Politics, Belonging’, hosted at Royal Holloway, University of London, during which time she also collaborated on the international exhibition of indigenous art and performance ‘EcoCentrix: Indigenous Arts, Sustainable Acts’, at Bargehouse, Southbank, London. She has contributed to several anthologies on women’s filmmaking in Latin America, published on Colombian and Mexican indigenous film and video and has co- edited a volume of essays on indigenous performance, Recasting Commodity and Spectacle in the Indigenous Americas (2014). She is currently preparing a book manuscript as part of an Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) Leadership fellowship on Indigenous filmmaking in Latin America. Gudrun Klein obtained her Magister in anthropology at the University of Vienna. She is currently a PhD candidate in social anthropology at the University of Manchester. Her research interests centre on race and ethnicity in Latin America, with a special focus on Brazil. More specifically, her work examines multiculturalist policies and anti-racist narratives in the field of education. Fiorella Montero-Diaz is currently a lecturer in ethnomusicology at Keele University in the UK, and sits on the board of the British Forum for Ethnomusicology. She first trained as a classical pianist, went on to a degree vii viii CULTURES OF ANTI-RACISM in sound engineering, and then settled on ethnomusicology. She received an MMus in ethnomusicology at Goldsmiths, University of London, and a PhD in music from Royal Holloway, University of London. Her research focuses on music hybridity, race, class, the elites and social conflict in contemporary Lima, Peru. Fiorella’s most recent publications include ‘Singing the war: reconfiguring white upper-class identity through fusion music in post-war Lima’ (Ethnomusicology Forum, 2016), ‘YouTubing the “Other”: Lima’s upper classes and Andean imaginaries’ (in Music, Indigeneity, Digital Media, 2017) and ‘Turning things around? From white fusion stars with Andean flavour to Andean fusion stars with white appeal’ (Popular Music, 2018). She is co-editing a book entitled Citizenship in the Latin American Upper and Middle Classes: Ethnographic Perspectives on Culture, Politics, and Consumption (forthcoming). Nick Morgan is lecturer in Latin American studies at Newcastle University. His research on Latin American popular culture combines discourse analysis, archival work and ethnography, and focuses on a wide number of sites of cultural production, ranging from telenovelas and the media to the politics of the everyday. As part of an ongoing study of the modalities of social inequality in Colombia, Venezuela and Panama, he has published articles on discourses of race and ethnicity, as well as on nationalism and participatory democracy. His current research project is ‘Screening Violence’, an AHRC-funded study of the imaginaries of conflict and reconciliation in Algeria, Argentina, Colombia, Indonesia and Northern Ireland. Patricia Oliart works at Newcastle University where she is senior lecturer in Latin American studies. She holds a BA in social sciences, an MA in Latin American studies and a PhD in human geography. From 1994 to 2003 she worked in Peru as lecturer, consultant and researcher in the areas of gender, ethnicity, cultural change, and education in urban and rural areas in the Andes and Amazonia. She was member of the Institute of Peruvian Studies and lecturer at the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Her current research analyses cultural production (mainly music and photography) as a field for political interventions in the context of neoliberal cultural transformations in Latin America. Since 2015 she has been co-coordinator with Jorge Catalá- Carrasco of the EU-funded H2020 MSCA-RISE 48-month project ‘Cultural Narratives of Crisis and Renewal’, with partners in Spain, Holland, Argentina, Chile and Peru. Lena Schubmann holds a BA in international relations from King’s College London and an MPhil in Latin American studies from the University of Cambridge. Her research focuses on indigeneity and identity politics in Latin America as well as international climate policy. Since 2013, she has been a member of the German Academic Scholarship Foundation. In 2017, she co- organised the academic conference ‘Global Politics of Knowledge: Lessons from INTRODUCTION ix the South’, hosted by the University of Cambridge. Recent publications include ‘The gendered road to Paris 2020: potential of the EU-LAC Partnership for Gender-Inclusive Climate Action’ (LACalytics, 2018) and ‘Decolonizing the state? Plurinationalism and state formation in Bolivia’ (Strife Journal, 2018). Lena currently works for the World Food Programme of the United Nations in Guatemala. James Scorer is senior