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The Mesaverde Total Petroleum System, Southwestern Wyoming Province Chapter 8 The Mesaverde Total Petroleum System, Southwestern Wyoming Province By Ronald C. Johnson, Thomas M. Finn, and Laura N.R. Roberts Volume Title Page Chapter 8 of Petroleum Systems and Geologic Assessment of Oil and Gas in the Southwestern Wyoming Province, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah By USGS Southwestern Wyoming Province Assessment Team U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS–69–D U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Gale A. Norton, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Charles G. Groat, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado: Version 1, 2005 For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Manuscript approved for publication May 10, 2005 ISBN= 0-607-99027-9 Contents Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………………… 1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………… 1 Acknowledgments …………………………………………………………………………… 5 Hydrocarbon Source Rocks …………………………………………………………………… 6 Source Rock Maturation ……………………………………………………………………… 6 Hydrocarbon Migration ……………………………………………………………………… 10 Hydrocarbon Reservoir Rocks ………………………………………………………………… 12 Hydrocarbon Traps and Seals ………………………………………………………………… 13 Assessment Unit Definition …………………………………………………………………… 13 Assessment Results ………………………………………………………………………… 13 Almond Continuous Gas Assessment Unit (AU 50370561) ……………………………… 13 Rock Springs–Ericson Continuous Gas Assessment Unit (AU 50370562) ………………… 20 Mesaverde Coalbed Gas Assessment Unit (AU 50370501) ……………………………… 22 Mesaverde Conventional Gas Assessment Unit (AU 50370501) ………………………… 26 Summary of Results …………………………………………………………………………… 26 References Cited ……………………………………………………………………………… 28 Appendix ……………………………………………………………………………………… 31 A. Input parameters for the Almond Continuous Gas Assessment Unit (AU 50370561), Mesaverde Total Petroleum System …………………………………………………… 31 B. Input parameters for the Rock Springs–Ericson Continuous Gas Assessment Unit (AU 50370562), Mesaverde Total Petroleum System …………………………………… 33 C. Input parameters for the Mesaverde Coalbed Gas Assessment Unit (AU 50370581), Mesaverde Total Petroleum System …………………………………………………… 35 D. Input parameters for the Mesaverde Conventional Gas Assessment Unit (AU 50370501), Mesaverde Total Petroleum System …………………………………… 37 Figures 1. Index map showing distribution of Mesaverde Group outcrops, areal extent of the Mesaverde Total Petroleum System, and structural elements …………………………… 2 2. Generalized correlation chart for Upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary stratigraphic units … 3 3. Generalized west to east cross section showing Upper Cretaceous stratigraphic units from northeastern Utah to southeastern Wyoming ……………………………………………… 4 4. Generalized north-south cross section showing Upper Cretaceous stratigraphic units from northeastern Wyoming to north-central Colorado. ………………………………………… 4 5. Map showing variations in vitrinite reflectance in percent Ro at the base of the Mesaverde Total Petroleum System …………………………………………………………………… 7 III 6. Map showing variations in vitrinite reflectance in percent Ro at the top of the Mesaverde Total Petroleum System …………………………………………………… 8 7. Petroleum system events chart showing interpreted timing of elements and processes related to hydrocarbon generation and accumulation in the Mesaverde Total Petroleum System (503705) ……………………………………………………… 10 8. Extent of the Almond Continuous Gas Assessment Unit (AU 50370561) in the Mesaverde Total Petroleum System …………………………………………………… 14 9. Locations of oil and gas wells that produce from the Almond Continuous Gas Assessment Unit (AU 50370561) at depths of less than 11,000 feet …………………… 16 10. Locations of oil and gas wells that produce from the Almond Continuous Gas Assessment Unit (AU 50370561) at depths of greater than 11,000 feet ………………… 17 11–15 Graphs showing: 11. Distribution of Estimated Ultimate Recoveries (EURs) for 1,131 gas wells within the Almond Continuous Gas Assessment Unit (AU 50370561), Mesaverde Total Petroleum System ………………………………………………………………………………… 18 12. Distribution of Estimated Ultimate Recoveries (EURs) by thirds for the 1,131 gas wells within the Almond Continuous Gas Assessment Unit (AU 50370561), Mesaverde Total Petroleum System ……………………………………………………………………… 18 13. Comparison of distribution of Estimated Ultimate Recoveries (EURs) for gas wells completed at depths of less than 11,000 feet and at depths of greater than 11,000 feet within the Almond Continuous Gas Assessment Unit (AU 50370561), Mesaverde Total Petroleum System ……………………………………………………………………… 19 14. Distribution of Estimated Ultimate Recoveries (EURs) by thirds for gas wells completed at depths of less than 11,000 ft within the Almond Continuous Gas Assessment Unit (AU 50370561), Mesaverde Total Petroleum System …………………………………… 19 15. Distribution of Estimated Ultimate Recoveries (EURs) by thirds for gas wells completed at depths of greater than 11,000 ft within the Almond Continuous Gas Assessment Unit (AU 50370561), Mesaverde Total Petroleum System ………………… 20 16. Map showing extent of the Rock Springs-Ericson continuous gas assessment unit (AU 50370562) in the Mesaverde Total Petroleum System ……………………………… 21 17. Graph showing distribution of Estimated Ultimate Recoveries (EURs) for gas wells within the Rock Springs-Ericson Continuous Gas Assessment Unit (AU 50370562), Mesaverde Total Petroleum System …………………………………………………… 23 18. Graph showing distribution of Estimated Ultimate Recoveries (EURs) by thirds for gas wells within the Rock Springs-Ericson Continuous Gas Assessment Unit (AU 50370562), Mesaverde Total Petroleum System …………………………………………………… 23 19. Map showing extent of the Mesaverde Coalbed Gas Assessment Unit in the Mesaverde Total Petroleum System …………………………………………………… 24 20. Map showing approximate depth to the top of the Mesaverde Group, in the Mesaverde Total Petroleum System …………………………………………………… 25 21. Map showing Mesaverde Conventional Oil and Gas Assessment Unit (AU 50370501) in the Mesaverde Total Petroleum System ……………………………………………… 27 IV Tables 1. Summary of undiscovered oil and gas resources that have the potential for additions to reserves in the Mesaverde Total Petroleum System ……………………………………… 5 2. Years before present (BP) when the vitrinite reflectance (Ro) levels of 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.1, and 1.35 were reached by Type-III organic matter in key wells in the Southwestern Wyoming Province using time-temperature modeling ………………………………………………… 9 3. Years before present for the onset, peak, and end of oil and gas generation by Type-II organic matter for selected wells in the Southwest Wyoming Province using the kinetic model of Roberts and others ……………………………………………………………… 9 V The Mesaverde Total Petroleum System, Southwestern Wyoming Province By Ronald C. Johnson, Thomas M. Finn, and Laura N.R. Roberts Abstract and Paleocene age, and the Mesaverde Group is combined with the overlying Upper Cretaceous Lance and Paleocene The Mesaverde Total Petroleum System in the South- Fort Union Formations to form the Mesaverde–Lance–Fort western Wyoming Province includes most but not all strata in Union Composite Total Petroleum System. The northern, the Mesaverde Group east of the pinch-out of the Lewis Shale. eastern, and southern boundaries of the Mesaverde TPS are The Total Petroleum System was subdivided into three con- approximately defined by the limits of Mesaverde Group tinuous gas assessment units—the Almond Continuous Gas within the Southwestern Wyoming Province. Assessment Unit, the Rock Springs–Ericson Continuous Gas The Mesaverde TPS includes most but not all strata in Assessment Unit, and the Mesaverde Coalbed Gas Assessment the Mesaverde Group east of the pinch-out of the Lewis Shale. Unit—and one conventional assessment unit, the Mesaverde Because the source of hydrocarbons in the Mesaverde TPS Conventional Oil and Gas Assessment Unit. Variations in ther- is considered to be mainly coal and organic-rich shale within mal maturity as measured by variations in vitrinite reflectance the Mesaverde Group, units that are stratigraphically below were used to define the four assessment units. the lowest coaly interval, including the Blair and Haystack Estimates of undiscovered resources that have the poten- Mountains Formations of the Mesaverde Group, are assigned tial for additions to reserves were made for the four assess- to the underlying Hilliard-Baxter-Mancos TPS. We believe ment units. The mean estimate of the total oil is 2.30 million that hydrocarbons in these units are sourced by organic-rich barrels of oil, mean total gas is 25.83 trillion cubic feet, and intervals in the Hilliard, Baxter, and Mancos Shales. Some the mean estimate of total gas liquids is 347.40 million barrels gas derived from these marine shale source rocks probably of natural gas liquids. For gas, 13.35 trillion cubic feet is in the also migrated vertically into the overlying Mesaverde TPS,
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