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CD-C FEIS Chapter 3. Affected Environment 3. AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT 3.0 INTRODUCTION Chapter 3 describes the condition of the human and natural environment in the CD-C project area. Under NEPA, the human environment is the natural and physical environment and the relationship of people to that environment. The affected environment for individual resources was delineated based on the area of potential direct and indirect environmental impacts for the project and associated cumulative effects area. The environmental baseline information summarized in this chapter was obtained from the review of published sources, unpublished data, communication with government agencies, and review of field studies of the area. The level of information provided in this chapter is commensurate with the potential impacts to the resource described. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 3.1 GEOLOGY 3.1.1 Physiography The project area straddles the Continental Divide and lies within the Great Divide and Washakie Basins, subsidiary basins of the Greater Green River Basin of south-central Wyoming (Map 3.1-1). Important natural landmarks in the area and their corresponding elevations are shown in Table 3.1-1. Table 3.1-1. Important natural landmarks in the CD-C project area (north to south) Landmark Location Elevation (feet) Lost Creek Butte NW ¼ Section 24, T23N:R95W 6,745 Stratton Knoll N ½ Section 28, T23N:R91W 6,879 Ruby Knolls Sections 26 and 27, T22N:R92W 7,165 Windy Hill (mesa) Sections 1–5, 7–12, and 18, T21N:R91W 7,125 Latham Point SW ¼ Section 32, T21N:R92W 7,235 Tipton Buttes NE ¼ Section 27, T20N:R96W 7,094 Cow/Horse Butte SE ¼ NE ¼ Section 5, T19N:R91W 7,170 High Point SW ¼ SW ¼ SE ¼ Section 17, T19N:R92W 7,321 Sugarloaf SE ¼ SW ¼ Section 5, T18N:R92W 7,088 Pine Butte Center of NW ¼ Section 10, T17N:R92W 6,808 Baldy Butte SW ¼ NW ¼ SW ¼ Section 12, T17N:R92W 6,920 North Flat Top SW ¼ Section 35 T15N:R93W and NW ¼ Section 2, T14N:R93W 7,822 East Flat Top Center of the E ½ Section 18, T14N:R92W 7,560 Continental Divide-Creston Natural Gas Development Project Final EIS April 2016 3-1 CHAPTER 3—AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT—GEOLOGY Map 3.1-1. Structural basins of south-central Wyoming and the CD-C project area No warranty is made by the BLM for use of the data for purposes not intended by the BLM. 3-2 Continental Divide-Creston Natural Gas Development Project Final EIS April 2016 CHAPTER 3—AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT—GEOLOGY The Continental Divide splits the project area into approximately northern and southern halves and, to a greater or lesser degree, parallels the I-80 highway and utilities corridor. Along and just north of the I-80 corridor, Five Mile Ditch, Latham Draw, and Hansen Draw drain the western part of the Great Divide Basin, whereas Buck Draw and Creston Draw drain to the northeast, off Latham Mesa. Farther north and northwest, the physiography of the project area is dominated by eolian features, and most watercourses are short and drain into small to very large interior basins. North of Tipton, the topography of the Red Desert Basin, the Lost Creek Basin, Chain Lakes Flat, and Battle Springs Flat is typified by eolian flats and dry playas lying in broad topographic depressions surrounded by areas of vegetated sheet or dune sand. These larger depressions are developed between elevations of about 6,450 and 6,600 feet. Dozens of smaller, internally drained basins occur near and south of the I-80 corridor, most notably including the Wamsutter and Frewan Depressions (at about 6,600 to 6,700 feet in elevation), and basins southeast of the Creston I-80 exit (S ½ T20N:R92W and SE ¼ SW ¼ T20N:R91W). Hundreds of smaller, internally drained basins occur throughout the project area, especially in places in which the surface rock or soil has been covered by dunes or a veneer of windblown sand. In the eastern part of the project area, Fillmore Creek is a primary drainage north of the Continental Divide. Its principal tributaries include Coal Gulch, Coal Bank Wash, and Badwater Creek. Muddy Creek—tributary to the Little Snake River—is the dominant drainage south of the Divide. Its tributaries include Holler Draw, Chicken Springs Creek, and Soap Hole Wash that flow south off the Continental Divide, supplemented by the south-flowing Barrel Springs Draw and Antelope Creek, and the east- flowing Windmill Draw, Red Wash, Blue Gap Draw, Robbers Gulch, Little Robbers Gulch, and the North Fork of Cottonwood Creek. Surface elevations within the project area range from a high of 7,822 feet on North Flat Top in the NW ¼ Section 2, T14N:R93W, to a low of 6,340 feet in the lower drainage of Muddy Creek in Section 32, T14N:R91W, making project area relief about 1,482 feet. The slope of the land along the floodplain of Muddy Creek within and marginal to the project area is a gentle 400 feet in 26.2 miles, or about 0.29 percent. Limited areas of exposed rock forming rugged badland hills border the Muddy Creek valley to the east and west, and some of these badland hills exhibit slopes of up to 13.7 percent for short distances. The region of greatest physical relief in the study area—along North Flat Top in Section 35, T15N:R93W—has a slope of 18.9 percent, or about a 1,000-foot rise in elevation per mile. The majority of the project area, however, shows gentler slopes of 1.7 to 4.2 percent (about 90–220 feet/mile). The project area is dominated by semiarid desert that receives an average of 7.1 inches of annual precipitation, ranging from 3.8 inches to 13.6 inches. Annual temperature ranges from -40 ºF in winter to more than 100 ºF in summer (WRCC 2014). Sagebrush (Artemisia sp.) is the dominant vegetation and grows in patches and thickets. Along the larger drainages sagebrush is supplemented by bunch grasses, cheatgrass, greasewood, rabbitbrush, lichens, cottonwood, and a variety of other plants (Roehler 1993). Vegetation is wholly absent in several areas of badlands, and gullying can be severe in areas of headward erosion derived from badland areas, in places where the overlying sediment has been disturbed, or on poorly vegetated slopes greater than 2 percent. Much of the lower reach of Muddy Creek is entrenched in a floodplain gully system up to 20 feet in depth. 3.1.2 Regional Geologic Overview The project area lies within the southern and eastern parts of the Great Divide and Washakie structural basins, sub-basin regions of the Greater Green River Basin of southernmost central Wyoming (Map 3.1- 1). Structurally, rocks in the area dip in a curving fashion to the west, southwest, and south of the structural high of the Sierra Madre Range, and to the south off the Wamsutter Arch, into the Washakie structural basin. The west flank of the Sierra Madre is bounded by a major eastward-dipping reverse fault system, along which it was elevated over the eastern edge of the Greater Green River Basin (including the Washakie Basin) during the Laramide Orogeny of the late Cretaceous to early Tertiary period. These reverse faults Continental Divide-Creston Natural Gas Development Project Final EIS April 2016 3-3 CHAPTER 3—AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT—GEOLOGY are not exposed at the surface, but rather lie buried beneath early Tertiary sediments that fill the basin. The Washakie and Greater Green River basins to the west, into which the surface rocks dip, are bounded by east-west oriented structural highs, the Wamsutter Arch to the north and Cherokee Ridge to the south, respectively. The structural axis of Cherokee Ridge trends along the Wyoming/Colorado state line and separates the extreme southeastern arm of the Greater Green River Basin of Wyoming from the Sand Wash Basin of Colorado. Numerous faults occur along Cherokee Ridge, many of which show evidence of recurrent motion throughout the last 20 million years. None of these, however, show indication of Quaternary movement (Case et al. 1994). Geologic mapping by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Wyoming Geologic Survey (Weitz and Love 1952, Love 1970, Love and Christiansen 1985, Love et al. 1993, Roehler 1973, 1977, 1985; Honey and Hettinger 2004; Hettinger and Honey 2005) documents that the project area has surface sedimentary exposures of Quaternary, Tertiary, and Late Cretaceous age. These deposits are in turn underlain in the subsurface by Phanerozoic-age sedimentary rocks of Cretaceous to Cambrian age, which are in turn underlain by Precambrian metamorphic bedrock that comprises part of the ancient North American craton (continental core) and exceeds two billion years in age. Information on geologic units preserved at the surface and in the subsurface within the project area is provided in Table 3.1-2; a generalized stratigraphic column of these rocks is provided in Figure 3.1-1. 3-4 Continental Divide-Creston Natural Gas Development Project Final EIS April 2016 CHAPTER 3—AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT—GEOLOGY Table 3.1-2. Surface and subsurface geologic deposits in the CD-C project area Resources Geologic Deposit Geologic Age Environment/Lithology (PFYC=Potential fossil yield class) SURFACE DEPOSITS Unnamed Quaternary Holocene- Eolian/fluvial/colluvial/ None reported within area, economic deposits Pleistocene landslide. Sand, gravel, deposits of wind-blown sand clays, weathered-in-place reported 20–30 miles NNE of the residuum from exposed town of Baggs, Wyoming, just east of outcrops the project area Green River Formation Early – Middle Lacustrine: near shore Vertebrate (including abundant fish Laney Shale Eocene line/saline flats. Oil shale, and flamingo), invertebrate and plant carbonaceous shale, fossils (BLM PFYC 5 for Formation).
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