Causes of Maastricht Treaty
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												Parliaments and Legislatures Series Samuel C. Patterson
PARLIAMENTS AND LEGISLATURES SERIES SAMUEL C. PATTERSON GENERAL ADVISORY EDITOR Party Discipline and Parliamentary Government EDITED BY SHAUN BOWLER, DAVID M. FARRELL, AND RICHARD S. KATZ OHI O STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS COLUMBUS Copyright © 1999 by The Ohio State University. All rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Party discipline and parliamentary government / edited by Shaun Bowler, David M. Farrell, and Richard S. Katz. p. cm. — (Parliaments and legislatures series) Based on papers presented at a workshop which was part of the European Consortium for Political Research's joint sessions in France in 1995. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8142-0796-0 (cl: alk. paper). — ISBN 0-8142-5000-9 (pa : alk. paper) 1. Party discipline—Europe, Western. 2. Political parties—Europe, Western. 3. Legislative bodies—Europe, Western. I. Bowler, Shaun, 1958- . II. Farrell, David M., 1960- . III. Katz, Richard S. IV. European Consortium for Political Research. V. Series. JN94.A979P376 1998 328.3/75/ 094—dc21 98-11722 CIP Text design by Nighthawk Design. Type set in Times New Roman by Graphic Composition, Inc. Printed by Bookcrafters, Inc.. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. ANSI Z39.48-1992. 98765432 1 Contents Foreword vii Preface ix Part I: Theories and Definitions 1 Party Cohesion, Party Discipline, and Parliaments 3 Shaun Bowler, David M. Farrell, and Richard S. Katz 2 How Political Parties Emerged from the Primeval Slime: Party Cohesion, Party Discipline, and the Formation of Governments 23 Michael Laver and Kenneth A. - 
												
												Political and Constitutional Reform Committee
Political and Constitutional Reform Committee Committee Office · House of Commons · 7 Millbank · London SW1P 3JA Tel 020 7219 6287 Fax 020 7219 2681 Email [email protected] Website www.parliament.uk/pcrc Written evidence submitted to the Political and Constitutional Reform Committee on the Fixed-term Parliaments Bill On 14 July 2010, the Committee launched an inquiry into the Government’s proposals for voting and parliamentary reform. This document contains those submissions which deal with the Fixed-Term Parliaments Bill only. FTPB 01 Dr Malcolm Jack, Clerk of the House of Commons Page 2 FTPB 02 Professor Dawn Oliver, University College London 8 FTPB 03 Professor Robert Hazell, The Constitution Unit, University College 11 London FTPB 04 Professor Robert Blackburn, Professor of Constitutional Law, King’s 46 College London FTPB 05 Professor Anthony Bradley 52 FTPB01 FIXED-TERM PARLIAMENTS BILL: PRIVILEGE ASPECTS Written evidence submitted by the Clerk of the House Introduction 1. In this memorandum I address aspects of the Fixed-Term Parliaments Bill which seek to make statutory provision for matters which fall within Parliament’s exclusive cognizance and which may affect the established privileges of the House of Commons as well as upsetting the essential comity which has been established over a long period between Parliament and the Courts. 2. I make no comment on the policy purposes of the Bill; indeed it would be improper for me to do so. My concern is with the way in which provisions of the Bill impinge upon Parliamentary privilege and which may bring the Courts and Parliament into conflict. - 
												
												The Five Tests Framework
The five tests framework EMU study The five tests framework This study has been prepared by HM Treasury to inform the assessment of the five economic tests This is one of a set of detailed studies accompanying HM Treasury’s assessment of the five economic tests. The tests provide the framework for analysing the UK Government’s decision on membership of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). The studies have been undertaken and commissioned by the Treasury. These studies and the five economic tests assessment are available on the Treasury website at: www.hm-treasury.gov.uk For further information on the Treasury and its work, contact: HM Treasury Public Enquiry Unit 1 Horse Guards Road London SW1A 2HQ E-mail: [email protected] © Crown copyright 2003 The text in this document (excluding the Royal Coat of Arms and departmental logos) may be reproduced free of charge in any format or medium providing that it is reproduced accurately and not used in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged as Crown copyright and the title of the document specified. Any enquiries relating to the copyright in this document should be sent to: HMSO Licensing Division St Clements House 2-16 Colegate Norwich NR3 1BQ Fax: 01603 723000 E-mail: [email protected] Printed by the Stationery Office 2003 799294 C ONTENTS Page Executive summary 1 1. Introduction 5 2. Government policy on EMU 7 3. The five tests: framework and approach 13 4. The five tests: costs and benefits 19 5. The five tests and the economic literature 27 6. - 
												
												Proponents of Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom from 1950 to 2017
DOI 10.14746/ssp.2017.4.3 Omelian TARNAVSKYI Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Ukraine Proponents of Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom from 1950 to 2017 Abstract: The author of this article explores the issues of the Proponents of Euroscep- ticism in the UK from 1950 to 2017. The researcher claims that Winston Churchill was the first Eurosceptic Prime Minister. The author believes that Euroscepticism is not related to any political party, but is a non-party phenomenon, not linked to a par- ticular ideology. However, the researcher concludes that the biggest number of Euro- sceptics in the UK can be found among the Conservatives. In addition, in his study, the author identifies the main theorist of contemporary British Euroscepticism as well as the moderate and radical types of Euroscepticism. Key words: European Union, Euroscepticism, Brexit he idea of a united Europe gained special significance and was ac- Ttively discussed in the academic and political circles of Europe after the Second World War. In spite of enthusiasts, this idea also attracted sceptics and opponents. The British were the most sceptical politicians regarding European integration processes. Therefore, the aim of this arti- cle is to identify the adherents of Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom between 1950 and 2017 and to study the ideological foundations of their Eurosceptic positions. The main methods applied in this study are histori- cal and comparative methods as well as analysis. The author investigates the problem taking into consideration the positions of the leaders of the government, ruling parties and opposition in the UK, so an institutional approach is fundamental in this study. - 
												
												The Future Impact and Effect of Brexit on Scots Law and the Scottish Legal System
The Law Society of Scotland The Future Impact and Effect of Brexit on Scots law and the Scottish legal system I Chapter1 The Law Society of Scotland: The future impact and effect of Brexit on Scots law and the Scottish legal system Contents Foreword 1 Executive summary 2 Introduction 4 CHAPTER 1 The development of the Scottish legal system 7 CHAPTER 2 The courts and tribunals in Scotland 12 CHAPTER 3 The United Kingdom’s decision to leave the European Union 18 CHAPTER 4 The consequences of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union 25 CHAPTER 5 The EU impact on Scots Law 40 CHAPTER 6 Common frameworks 59 CHAPTER 7 Teaching EU Law in law schools post-Brexit 67 CHAPTER 8 Conclusions 70 Bibliography 74 III The Law Society of Scotland: The future impact and effect of Brexit on Scots law and the Scottish legal system Chapter IV 1 The Law Society of Scotland: The future impact and effect of Brexit on Scots law and the Scottish legal system Foreword In 2016 the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union. In the three years since that historic vote there has been much debate on Brexit and the impact it will have throughout the UK and in Europe, however a great deal of uncertainty remains over our departure and future outwith the EU. What we can be certain of is that leaving the EU will We are very grateful to the Legal Education Foundation have a profound effect on Scots Law and on the legal whose funding has allowed us to dedicate the time and profession. - 
												
												40 Years of EU Membership
Journal of Contemporary European Research Volume 8, Issue 4 (2012) The UK: 40 Years of EU Membership Helen Wallace London School of Economics and Political Science This chronology was commissioned by the European Parliament Information Office in the United Kingdom and has been published here with their kind permission and that of the author. Professor Helen Wallace DBE, FBA is an Emeritus Professor in the European Institute at the London School of Economics and Political Science. Citation Wallace, H. (2012). ‘The UK: 40 Years of EU Membership’, Journal of Contemporary European Research. 8 (4), pp. 531‐546. Published in: www.jcer.net Volume 8, Issue 4 (2012) jcer.net Helen Wallace KEY DATES A chronology of significant events in British history, including the years leading up to accession on 1 January 1973. 19 Sep 1948 Winston Churchill: Zurich speech calling for a United States of Europe 7 May 1948 The Hague Conference, leading to Council of Europe, 140 British among the 800 participants 1950-1 Schuman Plan leading to European Coal and Steel Community: UK rejected invitation to join 1955 Messina Conference of the Six (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and The Netherlands) agrees to develop a common market and atomic cooperation via the Spaak Committee, which Russell Bretherton joined until withdrawn by UK government 1957-8 UK seeks to negotiate wider free trade area through the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, but negotiations fail Jan 1960 Founding of EFTA (UK along with Denmark, Iceland, Ireland, Norway, - 
												
												The Quest for Regional Integration in the East African Community
The Quest for Regional Integration in the East African Community EDITORS Paulo Drummond, S. Kal Wajid, and Oral Williams INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND ©International Monetary Fund. Not for Redistribution © 2014 International Monetary Fund Cover design: IMF Multimedia Services Division Cataloging-in-Publication Data Joint Bank-Fund Library The East African Community : quest for regional integration / editors: Paulo Drummond, Kal Wajid, and Oral Williams. – Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, [2014]. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN: 978-1-48436-441-3 (Paper) 1. East African Community. 2. Africa, East – Economic integration. 3. Monetary unions – Africa, East. 4. Customs unions – Africa, East. 6. Social integration – Africa, East. I. Drummond, Paulo Flavio Nacif, 1966- II. Wajid, Syed Khalid S. III. Williams, Oral. IV. International Monetary Fund. HG1342.E32 2014 Disclaimer: The views expressed in this book are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the International Monetary Fund, its Executive Board, or management. Please send orders to: International Monetary Fund, Publication Services P.O. Box 92780, Washington, DC 20090, U.S.A. Tel.: (202) 623-7430 Fax: (202) 623-7201 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.elibrary.imf.org www.imfbookstore.org ©International Monetary Fund. Not for Redistribution Contents Foreword ........................................................................................................................................v 1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................1 - 
												
												The 'Dispossessed', The'never-Possessed' and The
The ‘Dispossessed’, and the ‘Bastards’ the ‘Never-Possessed’ ‘Dispossessed’, The the‘Never-Possessed’ The ‘Dispossessed’, and the‘Bastards’ Debunking Major’s Myths of the Eurosceptics the‘Never-Possessed’ Euroscepticism within the Conservative Party has been growing steadily since the Maastricth Rebellion of 1993. And yet the lessons of those turbulent months have yet to be learned properly. This book sets out clearly the reasons why some MPs rebelled and the‘Bastards’ and others did not - and points the way to the future. Debunking Major’s Myths of the Eurosceptics Between 1992 and 1993 the Maastricht Rebellion tore apart John Major’s Conservative Government. An ever-shifting group of Eurosceptic rebels consumed hours of Parliamentary time, derailed legislation and brought the government to the brink of collapse. Major denounced the rebels as the ‘Dispossessed’, the ‘Never-Possessed’ and the ‘Bastards’. This paper rebuts the myths about the Maastricht rebels. Luke Stanley Debunking Major’s Myths of the Eurosceptics Myths of Debunking Major’s With Prime Minister Cameron’s proposed renegotiation and referendum on EU The Bruges Group membership set to take place in 2017 recognising the factors affecting MPs’ willingness to defy the party line is vital. Should Cameron secure re-election at the head of a minority or slim-majority government, the ensuing Europe debate within the Conservative Party is likely to be even more divisive than Maastricht. Understanding MPs’ behaviour on Europe will allow the pro-withdrawal faction to assess the optimum methods of convincing MPs to side with them, as well as how to counter the Europhile faction’s attempts to poach their followers. - 
												
												Europe and the Euro
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Europe and the Euro Volume Author/Editor: Alberto Alesina and Francesco Giavazzi, editors Volume Publisher: The University of Chicago Press Volume ISBN: 0-226-01283-2 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/ales08-1 Conference Dates: October 17-18, 2008 Publication Date: February 2010 Chapter Title: Euro Membership as a U.K. Monetary Policy Option: Results from a Structural Model Chapter Author: Riccardo DiCecio, Edward Nelson Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c11661 Chapter pages in book: (415 - 439) 11 Euro Membership as a U.K. Monetary Policy Option Results from a Structural Model Riccardo DiCecio and Edward Nelson 11.1 Introduction In June 1999, a poll taken of London- based economists indicated that 65 percent believed that the United Kingdom would join the euro area by 2005.1 A decade later, not only has U.K. participation in monetary union not taken place, but such a development no longer seems to be the question of “when, not if” that it once appeared. While euro entry has faded as a likely prospect for the United Kingdom, the decade of coexisting European Central Bank (ECB) and Bank of England monetary regimes has provided a fi rmer pic- ture of the differences between the two regimes and of the likely effect that monetary union would have on U.K. economic performance. The analysis that follows uses a structural open economy model to evaluate the effect that becoming a euro area member would have on the U.K. - 
												
												GV311 Britain and Europe Part 1
GV311 Britain and Europe Part 1: A Troubled History Simon Hix Professor of European & Comparative Politics It didn’t start well … “Fog in the Channel. Continent Cut Off” British newspaper headline, circa. 1936 (allegedly) While others set up the EEC … “The future treaty which you are discussing has no chance of being agreed; if it was agreed, it would have no chance of being ratified; and if it were ratified, it would have no chance of being applied. And if it was applied, it would be totally unacceptable to Britain. You speak of agriculture, which we don't like, of power over customs, which we take exception to, and institutions which frighten us. Monsieur le president, messieurs, au revoir et bonne chance.” Russell Bretherton, British Foreign Office representative at a meeting of Spaak Committee, November 1955 Britain’s Alternative to EEC: European Free Trade Association Founded in January 1960 in Stockholm 8 original members: Austria, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Finland (1961) Known as the “Outer 8” (vs. “Inner 6” of EEC) Joined by Iceland (1970), Liechtenstein (1991) UK and Denmark left EFTA & joined EEC in 1973, as did Portugal in 1986, and Austria, Sweden & Finland in 1995 3 of the 4 remaining members (Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein) have an agreement with EU: European Economic Area (a “Puerto Rico relationship” !) Please Let Us In … 1961 Macmillan government applies to join 1963 De Gaulle vetoes UK membership 1967 Wilson government re-applies 1967 De Gaulle vetoes again 1969 De Gaulle replaced - 
												
												The City of London and the Euro
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Berbéri, Carine Research Report The City of London and the Euro Wissenschaftliche Schriften des Fachbereichs Wirtschaftswissenschaften, No. 14-2014 Provided in Cooperation with: Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Hochschule Koblenz - University of Applied Sciences Suggested Citation: Berbéri, Carine (2014) : The City of London and the Euro, Wissenschaftliche Schriften des Fachbereichs Wirtschaftswissenschaften, No. 14-2014, Hochschule Koblenz - University of Applied Sciences, Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Koblenz, http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1105-opus4-257 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/113320 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, - 
												
												Committee of Selection by Richard Kelly
BRIEFING PAPER Number 08085, 11 September 2017 Committee of Selection By Richard Kelly 1. Motions to appoint a Selection Committee (12 September 2017) On 12 September 2017, the House is expected to debate a number of motions in relation to the appointment of a new select committee for the duration of this Parliament. The Committee, to be called the Selection Committee, is to have many of the functions of the Committee of Selection. Like the Committee of Selection in the last Parliament, it will have nine members, all but one of whom are whips from the Government, Official Opposition and second largest opposition party. 2. Role and operation of the Committee of Selection The Committee of Selection meets weekly in private to nominate Members to serve on Private Bill Committees and General Committees, which include Public Bill Committees, European Committees and Delegated Legislation Committees. Standing Order No 86 states that “In nominating such Members the Committee of Selection shall have regard to the qualifications of those Members nominated and to the composition of the House”.1 These nominations are not subject to approval by the House, and are reported in the Votes and Proceedings on the day the Committee of Selection’s decision. The Committee of Selection also considers nominations of members to the majority of select committees (excluding committee chairs, who are directly elected by the whole House). Nominations for select committees (departmental and non-departmental), unlike other nominations, are subject to approval by the