Index • 279

Index

A.B. Lapian, 71 Bangkok Abdul Hadi bin Haji Hasan, 140 Democracy monument, 24 Abdurrachman Surjomihardjo, 71 Bang Rachan Abinales, Patricio, 50 defence, 29 Ahmad Boestaman, 146 Bangsa Malaysia, 127, 182, 184 Anderson, Benedict, 7, 94, 252 bangsa Melayu Anhar Gonggong, 83, 85 development, 137 Anglo-American relations Bangsa Moro Rebellion, 51 damaged, 208 Barisan Sosialis, 230 Anglo-Malayan Defence Arrangement, Barraclough, Geoffrey, 13, 168 198 Bonifacio, Andres, 120 anti-colonialism, 251 British defence commitments, 202 common experience, 3 British Parliament anti-Manchu movement, 263 Foreign Jurisdiction Act, 98 Arena Wati, 136, 139 Brunei Arifin C. Noer, 81 entry into Malaysia, 202 Arroyo, Gloria Macapagal, 57 Buddhist monastery Arrung Palaka, 72 inscription in stone, 10 Asian values Bhumipol Adulyadej, King, 6 relevance, 14 bureaucratic systems Assembly of the Poor, 35 effect on data generated, 13 Association of Southeast Asian Burma Nations (ASEAN), 2, 268 ‘enemy’ of Thailand, 29 Asvi Warman Adam, 84 Buyung Adil, 152 Atlantic Charter, 195 Autonomous Region of Muslim Central Asia Mindanao, 51 nation building, 1 Chai-anan Samudavanija, 32 Badawi, Ahmad, 185 Cham empire, 10 Bahasa Indonesia, 70 chat Baker, Herbert, 195 definition of, 26 Bambang Purwanto, 85 Chatterjee, Partha, 22

279

11 NationBldg Index 279 16/6/05, 12:23 PM 280 • Index

Cheah Boon Kheng, 8, 242 Cordillera People’s Alliance and Chico River Basin Development Regional Autonomy, 53 Project, 53 Cordillera People’s Liberation Army, 54 China Cornell paper, 80 Philippines, diplomatic relations Croce, Benedetto, 91 with, 53 currency speculators, 180 Tai peoples, 35 Chinese Democracy monument Indonesia, in, 81 Bangkok, in, 24 Malaysian general elections, power Dhamma, 26 in, 107 Dhanabalan, S, 224 Philippines, in, 50, 52, 53 dominant ethnie model, 113 Chinese Exclusion Act 1882, 52 Dutch colonialism, 255, 256 Chinese kapitan, 186 Chinese nationalism East Asian Co-prosperity Sphere, 33 Philippines, effect in 52 East Timor, 82, 84 Southeast Asia, effect in, 263 Emergency, 124, 143, 146, 178, 205 Chinese political consciousness, 169 epigraphic documents, 10 Chinese republican movement Estrada, Joseph effect in Thailand, 27 call to overseas Filipino workers, 57 Chulalongkorn, King, 26 ethnicity Clandestine Communist Organization, effect on nationalism, 112 204 ethnic interests Cobbold Report, 204 Malaysia, in, 107–110 Cold War ethnic minorities changing regional circumstances, Philippines, experience in, 54 268 ethnie, 97, 98 effects of, 178, 196 Eber, John, 182 colonialism Elton, Professor Geoffrey, 237 impact, 118 Europe state-building, role in, 191–193 nation building, 1 Colonial Office records, 166 European imperial powers Commonwealth Relations Office, 198 colonialism, impact of, 118 Communist Party (PKI), 74 creation of territorial nations, 97 Communist Party of Philippines, 53 European Union, 1 Communist Party of Thailand, 35 contemporary history Farish A. Noor, 242 nation building process, 11 , 96, 99 practical requirements, role of, 91 agreement, 100, 101

11 NationBldg Index 280 16/6/05, 12:23 PM Index • 281

Federation of Malaysia Harun Idris, Dato separation of Singapore, 9 corruption charges, 165 Foreign Jurisdiction Act, 98 Hong, Lysa, 222, 238 Foucault, Michel, 30 Hussein Onn, 126, 164 French general elections, 112 drop in popularity, 181 Fujio Hara Malaysian Chinese Association, Ibrahim Yaakub, 144, 145 study of, 166 Igorotlandia, 53 Ileto, Reynaldo, 42, 119 Gaddis, John Lewis, 13 analysis of political oratory, 46 Germany History of Nation Building in the reunification, 1 Philippines, 43, 44, 47, 48 Ghazali Shafie, Tan Sri, 194 interpretations of emancipation, 44 globalization national textbook history, views on, increased international trade, 179 46 new challenges, 177 question of “excess”, 48 Goh Chok Tong, 229 view on role of writings, 45 Goh Keng Swee, 233, 235 Indian National Congress, 261 Goode, Sir William, 203 Indonesia, 4 Guha, Ranajit, 22 A.B. Lapian, 71, 85 Gurney, Henry, 167 Abdurrachman Surjomihardjo, 71 accountability for suppressions, 81 Han dynasty, 11 Aceh, 75, 76, 77, 84 Hassan Mohammad Tiro, 72 Anhar Gonggong, 83, 85 Hau, Caroline, 131 Arrung Palaka, 72 hikayat, 12 Asvi Warman Adam, 84 Hindu-Buddhist chronicles, 9 Bambang Purwanto, 85 historians Chinese minority, 81 challenges facing, 5 Communist Party (PKI), 74, 79, 80 contemporary, 236, 237 Constitution, 75, 79 dilemma, 5 cult of nationalist heroes, 73 role, 163, 164 Daud Beureu’eh, 75 sources, requires good, 241 democracy, dealing with, 77–79 historical emplotment Dutch language, 70 Filipino past, of, 120 Dutch rule, 72 History Centre of the Armed Forces, East Timor, 82, 84 74 Guided Democracy, 75, 78 history, contemporary, see Hassan Mohammad Tiro, 72, 75, 76, contemporary history 77

11 NationBldg Index 281 16/6/05, 12:23 PM 282 • Index

History Centre of the Armed Forces, Japan 74 defeat of Qing empire, 259 History of National Struggle, 74 militarism, 264 history, nationalist writing of, 73 Japanese Occupation immigrant communities, 181 Malaysia, in, 124, 134 mass killings, 80 Philippines, in, 50 Megawati, 85 Java-Sumatra kingdoms, 10 Mestika Zed, 85 Jayakumar, S, Re, 227 Nugroho Notosusanto, 73 Jessy, Joginder Singh, 129 official history, development of, 73 Jit Poumisak, 34 Pancasila, 75 Johor, history of, 151 Pramoedya Ananta Toer, 84 Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the pro-Sukarno coup, 79 Royal Society, 5 resistance movements, 72 Kelantan, history of, 152 R.Z. Keirissa, 71 Kesatuan Melayu Muda (KMM), 142 Rommel Cumaring, 85 Khmer empire, 10 Sartono Kartodirdjo, 70 Khoo Boo Teik, 183 school texts, 78, 82 Konfrontasi, 174 Seventh National history Confrontation, 205, 208, 210 Conference, 85 Kongsakon Kawinrawikun, 30 Slamet Soetrisno, 85 Suharto, 73 Laos studying of History, 71 Tai peoples, 35 Tan Malaka, 70, 84 Lau, Albert, 9 Taufik Abdullah, 85 Laurel, Jose, 45, 47 Untung coup attempt, 83 League of Nations, 96 Indonesian revolution, 14 Lee Hsien Loong, 226, 232 International Conference of Historians Lee Kuan Yew, 193, 237 of Asia (IAHA), 1, 3 memoirs, 229 International Malay Secretariat, 150 Lee Siew Choh, 230, 239 Iran Liang Qichao, 261 bilateral labour agreement with Lim Chin Siong, 238 Philippines, 55 Loh Kah Seng, 231 Islamic fundamentalism, 187 Loke Yew, 170 Islamic groups Luang Wichit Wathakan, 27, 29, 30, 31, calls for religious laws, 173 32, 33, 34 Institute of Pacific Relations Report, 258 Macaulay, Thomas Babington, 118d

11 NationBldg Index 282 16/6/05, 12:23 PM Index • 283

Mahathir Mohamad, Dr contemporary history, 164, 165 drop in popularity, 181 Constitution, 173 English, policy on use of, 108 Council of State, 101 ethnic support, reliance on, 109 cultural assimilation, lack of, 105 prestige projects, use of, 126 cultural heritage, 122 Magsaysay, President, 120, 121 cultural legitimacy, 138 Majallah Guru, 123 demographic changes, 177 Malayo-Javanese chronicles, 9 early leaders, lack of attention to, Malaya 164 population, 134 economic growth, 175 Malay annals, 140 Emergency, 124, 143 Malay mass protest, 184 English, use of, 108 Malayan Communist Party, 197 ethnic interests, accommodating, , 98, 129 107–110 dissolution, 100 ethnicity, role of, 113 opposition, 135, 137 ethnic polarization, 186 Malay ethno-nationalism, 104–106 Federation of Malaya, 96, 99, 100, Malay hikayat, 124 101 Malay nationalism, 169 historic bargain, 125, 132, 144, 149 implementing common language, Hussein Onn, 126, 164 172 immigrants, influx, 170 parameters, 109, 110, 111 Islamic civilization, impact of, 153 potency in community, 127 “Islamic” state, 93, 111 Malay Nationalist Party (MNP), 144, Islamist vision, 154 145 Japanese Occupation, 124, 134 Malay radicalism, 156 Kelantan uprising, 141 Malays Mahathir Mohamad, Dr, 93, 94 independent entrepreneurial class, Malayan Union, 98, 100 lack of, 172 Malay-Chinese relationship, 143 Malaysia, 4 Malay medium education, 175 British role in nationalism, 128–131, , historic role, 130 136 Melayu Raya, 127 bumiputra, 211 Merdeka, attainment of, 136 Burhanuddin Al-helmy, 92 multi-culturalism, 103 Chinese, role of voters, 107 nationalism, 104–106 Chinese interests, 177 New Economic Policy, 110 Communist Party of Malaya, 92 Official Secrets Act, 166 components, 97 Onn bin Jaafar, Dato, 92, 142, 145

11 NationBldg Index 283 16/6/05, 12:23 PM 284 • Index

Pahang uprising, 141 Melaka, 140 plural society, problem of, 123 historic role, 130 population statistics, 138 kingdom, 139 Prime Minister. role of, 106, 107 sultanate of, 133 PUTERA-AMCJA, 102 Melayu Raya, 127, 137 Rajah Chulan, 142 Mestika Zed, 85 Reid Constitution, 93 Michelet, Jules, 118 religion, role of, 111 Middle East remains of British colony, 6 new opportunities, 178 Singapore, separation of, 124, 209 oil boom, effect of, 56 social contract, 93, 111, 125, 170 Migrant Workers and Overseas State Executive Council, 100 Filipinos Act, 58 sultans, surrendering jurisdiction of, Mindanao, 51 98, 147, 148, 149 minzu, 170 Suqui (The Chinese Association Mohamad Maidin, 239 Election Appeals Committee), monarchy 94 symbol of nation, 25 Tanah Melayu, 131 moral law, 26 Templar, Sir Gerald, 129 Moro identity traditional society, destruction of, 97 mass education, role of, 51 Trengganu uprising, 141 Moro National Liberation Front Tunku Abdul Rahman, 102 (MNLF), 51 Tun Abdul Razak, 106 multi-culturalism UMNO-MCA-MIC Alliance, 101 Malaysia, in, 103 UMNO-PAS rivalry, 110 Multi-ethnic nationalism United Malays National Malaysia, in, 104 Organization (UMNO), 100, 107 Muslim separatist movement, 49, 51 Wang Gungwu, 104 Muslims Za’aba, 123 Philippines, in, 50, 51 Malaysia agreement, 207 Myanmar Malaysian Cultural Congress, 126 Tai peoples, 35 Manila Summit, 204 Manning, Clark, 118 Nair, Devan, 224, 237 Marsillam Simanjuntak, 79 Najib Tun Razak, 234 Maswari Rosdi, 141, 144 War, 141, 142 May 13 riots, 156 nation May, Ronald definition, 23 Philippines, observance of, 54 interdependence with state, 24 McNeill, William, 222, 223 nation-state Megawati, 85 importance, 117

11 NationBldg Index 284 16/6/05, 12:23 PM Index • 285

National Democratic Front Pancasila, 75 Philippines, in, 53 Pangkor Treaty, 131 national history Partai Ra’ayat Brunei, 197 nation’s beginnings, 8 Peasants Federation of Thailand, 35 tracing, 7 People’s Action Party, 204 national sovereignty Perak sultanate, 151 importance, 2 Perak War, 141 nationalist movements Perso-Arab tarikh, 9 first half of twentieth century, 3 arrival in Southeast Asia, 12 sources of insipiration, 262 Philippines, 4, 254 nation building, 13–15, 252 Abinales, Patricio, see Abinales, alternative sources, 180 Patricio conscious effort, 168 American colonial regime, 50 history project, 253 anti-, 43 importance, 196 Arroyo, Gloria Macapagal, see post-colonial territories, 7 Arroyo, Gloria Macapagal Thailand, 21–38 Autonomous Region of Muslim nation-building architects Mindanao, 51 Thailand, 29 Catholic religion, role of, 48, 49 nationalist slogans Chinese, position of, 52 translation into policies, 13 contemporary history, 40, 42 nations without states, 253 Cordillera activists, 53 Navari, Cornelia, 94, 95, 97 democratization of politics, 41 Netherlands East Indies, 6 Estrada, Joseph, see Estrada, Joseph New Economic Policy, 110, 174, 179 ethnic minority groups, 50 Nik Abd. Aziz Hj. Nik Hassan, 153 first chance at independence, 6 Nugroho Notosusanto, 73, 81 geo body, territorial integrity of, 40 Sejarah Nasional Indonesia, 79 Igorotlandia, 53 Ileto, Reynaldo, see Ileto, Reynaldo Official Secrets Act, 166 Iran, bilateral labour agreement Omohundro, John, 52 with, 55 Onn bin Jaafar, Dato, 92, 142, 145 Japanese occupation, 50 operation Cold Store, 204 Laurel, Jose, see Laurel, Jose oral transmission modernization, 40 dependence in Southeast Asia, 12 Ministry of Tourism, 53 overseas Filipino workers, 55, 56, 57 Moro National Liberation Front alienation, 57, 58 (MNLF), 51 Japan, experience in, 58 Muslim communal identity, 50 Muslim separatist movement, 49, 51 PAS, 153, 154 nation-building, 44, 60

11 NationBldg Index 285 16/6/05, 12:23 PM 286 • Index

nationalist movement of late 19th Rajaratnam, 224, 225, 227, 238 century, 119 recording traditions, 9 New Labour Code, 54 Reid Commission for Malaya, 198 Omohundro, John, see Omohundro, Reid Constitutional Commission, 101, John 102 Overseas Filipino Workers, 55, 56 religion Philippine–American war, 49 role in Malaysia, 111 post-colonial national agenda, 42 Rizal, Jose, 254 Presidential Assistant on National Rommel Cumaring, 85 Minorities, 53 Roxas, Manuel, 47 Ramos, Fidel, 58 Rustam Sani, 242 social divisions, 49 R.Z. Keirissa, 71 social stratification, new form of, 41, 42 Sabah state and society, relationship non-Muslim bumiputras, 176 between, 48 Saichon Satayanurak, 32 training individuals with nation- sammakhi, 27 building, 41 Sandys, Duncan, 204 Philippine–American war, 49 Sartono Kartodirdjo, 70 Plaek Phibunsongkhram, 28 school textbooks plural society debates in Thailand, 24 Malaysia, problem of, 123 Scott, Joan W., 39 Poulgrain, Greg, 205 sejarah, 12 Presidential Assistant on National Sejarah Nasional Indonesia, 79 Minorities rewriting, 83 Philippines, in, 53 Seventh National history Conference, Prince-Patriarch Wachirayan Warorot, 85 27 sha’ir, 12 ‘proteinism’ campaign Shamsul Baharin, 131, 135 Thailand, in, 31 Shlaim, Avi, 191 Puthucheary, James, 182 Singapore, 4 Putera-All-Malayan Council of Joint attracting multi-national companies, Action, 171 213 contemporary history, 221–246 Quirino, Elpido, 47, 121 culture of self reliance, 213 nation-building, 212 race riots national education, 228, 230 causation, 233 national identity, development of, Rajah Chulan, 142 244

11 NationBldg Index 286 16/6/05, 12:23 PM Index • 287

primary school curriculum, 224 Tan Liok Ee, 170 remains of British colony, 6 Tan Malaka, 70, 84 separation from Malaya, 9, 103, 124, Tarling, Nicholas, 243 211 Taufik Abdullah, 85 Sino-Vietnamese annals, 9 Taylor, Jean, 74 Sino-Vietnamese tradition Tawarikh Melayu, 123 inspiration from Spring and Templar, Sir Gerald, 129 Autumn State records, 11 Tentera Negara Kalimantan Utara, 204 Slamet Soetrisno, 85 Teo Chee Hean, 228, 245 Smith, Anthony, 112, 113 Thailand, 4 Soviet empire Bhumipol Adulyadej, King, 6 dissolution, 1 Burma, relationship with, 29 South East Asia Treaty Organization Chai-anan Samudavanija, 32 (SEATO), 198, 268 Chakri Royal family, 260 Spring and Autumn State records, 11 chat, definition of, 26 Sri Harsavarman, 10 Chinese republican movement, Sri Lanka effect of, 27 dominant ethnie model, 113 Chulalongkorn, King, 26 empire, 133 defence of Bang Rachan, 29 state Dhamma, 26 definition, 23 Jit Poumisak, 34 interdependence with nation, 24 Kongsakon Kawinrawikun, 30 Subaltern Studies group, 22 Luang Wichit Wathakan, 27, 29, 30, Suhara Salim, 141, 144 31, 32, 33, 34 Suharto, 73 military regime, 25 Sukarno modern phase of nation-building, 6 cult of nationalist heroes, 73 monarchy as symbol of nation, 25 Guided Democracy, 75, 78 moral law, 26 Sultan Idris Training College, 140 nation-building architects, 29 Sultan of Brunei northern mainland, 34 Malaysia proposal, praise for, 138 origins of nation-building, 26 Sumatran rebellion, 205 Plaek Phibunsongkhram, 28 Sunait Chutinthranond, 29 Prince-Patriarch Wachirayan Syed Hamid Albar, 234, 242 Warorot, 27 ‘proteinism’ campaign, 31 Tai peoples, 35 Saichon Satayanurak, 32 Tanah Melayu, 131 sammakhi, 27 Tang dynasty, 11 school textbooks, debates Tan Cheng Lock, 171, 182 surrounding, 24

11 NationBldg Index 287 16/6/05, 12:23 PM 288 • Index

Sunait Chutinthranond, 29 United States of America Thianwan, 27 distinguishing itself from other Vajiravudh, King, 27 powers, 255 Thianwan, 27 involvement as a superpower, 269 thirty-year rule multi-culturalism, 270 documents in British archives, 240 war with Spain, 254 Tosh, John, 244 Tun Abdul Razak, 106, 126 Vajiravudh, King, 27 Tunku Abdul Rahman, 102, 105, 126, Vietnam 171, 174, 193, 206 nationalists, 261 dilemma concerning multi-ethnicity, records kept, 12 104 drop in popularity, 181 Waddell, Sir Alexander, 203 Wang Gungwu, 104, 127, 128, 163 United Malays National Organization Wan Shamshuddin, 136, 139 (UMNO), 100, 233 Wilkinson, R J, 131 declared illegal, 107 Winstedt, Richard, 123 formation, 135 Wong Lin Ken, 243 nation-building process, world systems, 266 dominating, 186 Wright, Gordon, 237 UMNO-MCA-MIC Alliance, 101, 129 Yap Ah Loy, 170 United Nations Organisation Yap, Jimmy, 222 acceptance of Indonesia, 257 Yeo, George, 227, 245 emphasis on ethnicity, 96 United Nations Security Council, 200 Za’aba, 123

11 NationBldg Index 288 16/6/05, 12:23 PM