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Clams , Mussels
KEYS TO THE FRESHWATER MS-Q-S MASTER COPY MACROINVERTEBRATES OF MASSACHUSETTS C --=;...-~---=-~-- /'""-,-----F NO. 1 : MOLLUSCA PELECYPODA ( Clams , Mussels ) Massachusetts Department of Environmental Quality Engineering DIVISION of WATER POLLUTION CONTROL Thomas C. McMahon, Director KEYSTO THE FRESHWATERM.'\CROINVERTEBRATES OF MASSACHUSETTS(No. 1): Mollusca Pelecypoda (clams, mussels) Douglas G. Smith Museum of zoology University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts and Museum of Comparative zoology Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts In Cooperation With The Ccmnonwealth of Massachusetts Technical Services Branch Department Environmental Quality Engineering Division of water Pollution Control Westborough, Massachusetts December, 1986 PUBLICATION: #14,676-56-300-12-86-CR Approved by the state Purchasing Agent TABLEOF CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE••• iii INTRODUCTION 1 CLASSIFICATIONOF MASSACHUSETTSFRESHWATER BIVALVES 8 HOWTO USE THE KEY . 11 PICTORIALKEY TO MASSACHUSETTSUNIONACEANS 15 GENERALKEY TO THE UNIONACEAAND CORBULACEAOF MASSACHUSETTS••• 17 DISTRIBUTIONOF MASSACHUSETTSE'RESI-JfNATER BIVALVES 42 GLOSSARYOF TERMSUSED IN KEY 46 BIBLIOGRAPHY 47 -ii- PREFACE The present work, concerning the identification of freshwater bivalve mollusks occurring in Massachusetts, represents the first of hopefully a series of guides dealing with the identification of benthic macroscopic invertebrates inhabiting the inland freshwaters of Massachusetts. The purpose of this and succeeding guides or handbooks is to introduce various groups of freshwater invertebrates to persons working in any of several areas of the freshwater ecology of Massachusetts. Although the guides are limited in tl1eir geographic scope to areas within the political boundaries of Massachusetts, many of the organisms treated, and information regarding their ecology and biology, will be applicable to neighboring regions. To increase the usefulness of mis and following guidebooks, complete regional bibliographies of me distribution of included species are provided. -
Flexible Emission Fees
TemaNord 2012:511 TemaNord Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 Copenhagen K www.norden.org Flexible emission fees An incentive for driving sustainable production and consumption Flexible emission fees An incentive for driving sustainable production and consumption This report explores the urgent question of how to transition to a green economy. If the price of pollution becomes the same as the price to not pollute, i.e. the investment required for a non-polluting solution, could market forces be harnessed to create a totally green economy? Would the consumer lead the way if pollution fees were simply credited into everyone’s account? Would economic growth and technical develop- ment forge ahead? Taking the flexible fee mechanism proposed by Höglund as a starting point, the report examines the academic litera- ture and presents the results of a workshop where leading Swedish economists and environmentalists examine the issues involved in price discovery mechanisms and call for further developments in this field. TemaNord 2012:511 ISBN 978-92-893-2335-2 2012511-Omslag-kor.indd 1 28-03-2012 11:38:40 Flexible emission fees An incentive for driving sustainable production and consumption Magnus Enell TemaNord 2012:511 Flexible emission fees An incentive for driving sustainable production and consumption Magnus Enell TemaNord 2012:511 ISBN 978-92-893-2335-2 http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/TN2012-511 © Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen Print: Kailow Express ApS Copies: 250 Cover photo: Image Select Printed in Denmark This publication has been published with financial support by the Nordic Council of Ministers. However, the contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views, policies or rec- ommendations of the Nordic Council of Ministers. -
The Biology of Casmara Subagronoma (Lepidoptera
insects Article The Biology of Casmara subagronoma (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae), a Stem-Boring Moth of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Myrtaceae): Descriptions of the Previously Unknown Adult Female and Immature Stages, and Its Potential as a Biological Control Candidate Susan A. Wineriter-Wright 1, Melissa C. Smith 1,* , Mark A. Metz 2 , Jeffrey R. Makinson 3 , Bradley T. Brown 3, Matthew F. Purcell 3, Kane L. Barr 4 and Paul D. Pratt 5 1 USDA-ARS Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; [email protected] 2 USDA-ARS Systematic Entomology Lab, Beltsville, MD 20013-7012, USA; [email protected] 3 USDA-ARS Australian Biological Control Laboratory, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Dutton Park QLD 4102, Australia; jeff[email protected] (J.R.M.); [email protected] (B.T.B.); [email protected] (M.F.P.) 4 USDA-ARS Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; [email protected] 5 USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research Unit, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-954-475-6549 Received: 27 August 2020; Accepted: 16 September 2020; Published: 23 September 2020 Simple Summary: Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is a perennial woody shrub throughout Southeast Asia. Due to its prolific flower and fruit production, it was introduced into subtropical areas such as Florida and Hawai’i, where it is now naturalized and invasive. In an effort to find sustainable means to control R. tomentosa, a large-scale survey was mounted for biological control organisms. -
Controlling Invasion of the Exotic Shrub (Mimosa Pigra) in Tropical Australian Wetlands
Controlling invasion of the exotic shrub (Mimosa pigra) in tropical Australian wetlands Michelle Marko Introduction to exotics in Australia Exotics have been introduced to Australia since the time of European settlement, beginning in the 1800s. Whether deliberately or accidentally introduced, some species such as feral cats (Felis catus), the cane toad (Bufo marinus), athel trees (Tamarix aphyllabitou) and the bitou bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera), have wrought devastation. The majority of exotics have little impact on the natural ecosystem, but those that do (between 2-40 %) are aggressive invaders that can successfully compete for niches previously occupied by native species. Many exotics not currently problematic have the potential to cause serious damage in the future (Hobbs and Humphries 1995). These exotics negatively modify the richness and abundance of other species and therefore alter the function of the natural ecosystems (Storrs and Lonsdale 1995). In Australia, about 15% of the overall vascular flora are naturalized alien species, which is estimated to be 15,000-20,000 species (Environment Australia 1998). The Northern Territory, with around 4-5 % weeds, has the lowest percentage of any state or territory in Australia. However, in the Northern Territory, Sida sp., salvinia (Salvinia molesta), Hyptis suaveolens, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), and giant sensitive plant (Mimosa pigra) are considered major threats (CSIRO 1997). Mimosa pigra, in particular, is considered one of Australia's worst weeds of conservation. In this paper, I will discuss methods to control Mimosa pigra and some areas of future research. Invasiveness of Mimosa pigra Mimosa pigra L. (Mimosaceae) poses a tremendous threat to agriculture, the conservation of wetlands and land use practices of the Aboriginal people of Australia (Braithwaite et al. -
The Porter Hypothesis at 20: Can Environmental Regulation Enhance Innovation and Competitiveness? Stefan Ambec*, Mark A
2 The Porter Hypothesis at 20: Can Environmental Regulation Enhance Innovation and Competitiveness? Stefan Ambec*, Mark A. Coheny, Stewart Elgiez, and Paul Lanoie§ Introduction Some twenty years ago, Harvard Business School economist and strategy professor Michael Porter challenged the conventional wisdom about the impact of environmental regulation on business by arguing that well-designed regulation could actually increase competitiveness: “Strict environmental regulations do not inevitably hinder competitive advantage against rivals; indeed, they often enhance it” (Porter 1991, 168). Until that time, the traditional view of environmental regulation, held by virtually all economists, was that requiring firms to reduce an externality like pollution necessarily restricted their options and thus by definition reduced their profits. After all, if profitable opportunities existed to reduce pollution, profit-maximizing firms would already be taking advantage of them. Over the past twenty years, much has been written about what has since become known simply as the Porter Hypothesis. Yet even today, we continue to find conflicting evidence concerning the Porter Hypothesis, alternative theories that might explain the Porter Hypothesis, and oftentimes a misunderstanding of what it does and does not say. This article reviews the key theoretical foundations and empirical evidence to date concern- ing the Porter Hypothesis and identifies research challenges and opportunities concerning the links between environmental regulation, innovation, and competitiveness. Such a careful exam- ination of both the theory and the empirical evidence can yield some useful insights for the *Senior researcher, Toulouse School of Economics (INRA-LERNA), and visiting professor, University of Gothenburg; e-mail: [email protected]. yProfessor of management and law, Vanderbilt University, and university professor, Resources for the Future; e-mail: [email protected]. -
Water Mimosa (Neptunia Oleracea)
Invasive plant risk assessment Biosecurity Queensland Agriculture Fisheries and Department of Water mimosa NeNeptunia oleracea Dead and awake Neptunia plena Steve Csurhes First published 2008 Updated 2016 PR08–3686 © State of Queensland, 2016. The Queensland Government supports and encourages the dissemination and exchange of its information. The copyright in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY) licence. You must keep intact the copyright notice and attribute the State of Queensland as the source of the publication. Note: Some content in this publication may have different licence terms as indicated. For more information on this licence visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0/au/deed.en" http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en Contents Identity and taxonomy 2 Neptunia oleracea Lour. 2 Neptunia plena (L.) Benth. 2 Taxonomy and genetics 2 Descriptions (from Windler 1966) 3 Neptunia oleracea 3 Neptunia plena 4 Reproduction and dispersal 5 Seed longevity 5 Origin 5 History of introduction 5 Worldwide distribution 6 Neptunia oleracea 6 Neptunia plena 7 Distribution in Australia 8 Preferred habitat and climate 9 History as a weed overseas and interstate 9 Impact 10 N2 fixation 10 Effect on water resources 10 Economic benefits 10 Ponded pasture 10 Horticultural crop 11 Herbal medicine 11 Pest potential in Queensland 12 Biological control 12 References 13 Invasive plant risk assessment: Water mimosa Neptunia oleracea Dead and awake Neptunia plena 1 Identity and taxonomy Neptunia oleracea Lour. Synonyms: Acacia lacustris Desf., Desmanthus lacustris Willd., D. natans Willd., D. stolonifer DC, Mimosa aquatica Pers., M. -
Hasko Nesemann
25 Mitt. dtsch. malakozool. Ges. 92 25 – 58 Frankfurt a. M., Dezember 2014 Wandel der Muschelfauna der Untermain-Ebene in drei Jahrzehnten 1984-2014 (Bivalvia: Unionidae, Sphaeriidae, Corbiculidae, Dreissenidae) Teil I. Der Main und seine Zuflüsse HASKO NESEMANN Abstract: At present, the lower Main River and its tributaries (Germany: Hesse, Bavaria) is inhabited by 31 freshwater Bivalvia out of which 29 species were recorded alive. A remarkable faunal change has been ob- served within the last thirty years, caused by improvement of biological water quality and invasion of five alien species Corbicula fluminea, C. fluminalis, Dreissena rostriformis bugensis, Musculium transversum and Sinano- donta woodiana. The populations of the endangered species Pseudanodonta complanata, (Red List category 1 in Hesse), Unio tumidus, Anodonta cygnea, Pisidium amnicum and P. moitessierianum (Red List category 2 in Hesse) are locally increasing and recovering. Pisidium crassum, P. ponderosum and P. sp. (“var. humeriformis”) are new records for the state fauna of Hesse. Keywords: Freshwater Bivalvia, River Main, Lower Main plain, Germany: Hesse, Bavaria. Zusammenfassung: Im Untermaingebiet wurden 31 Süßwassermuscheln nachgewiesen, von denen 29 durch Lebendvorkommen bestätigt sind. Der Faunenwandel innerhalb der letzten dreißig Jahre zeigt Veränderungen durch verbesserte Wasserqualität und durch Einwanderung bzw. Einschleppung fünf gebietsfremder Neozoen Corbicula fluminea, C. fluminalis, Dreissena rostriformis bugensis, Musculium transversum und Sinanodonta woodiana. Die im Bestand gefährdeten Arten Pseudanodonta complanata (Rote Liste 1 in Hessen), Unio tumi- dus, Anodonta cygnea, Pisidium amnicum und P. moitessierianum (Rote Liste 2 in Hessen) haben sich lokal ausgebreitet. Neunachweise für Hessen sind Pisidium crassum, P. ponderosum und P. sp. („var. humeriformis”). Einleitung Die Arbeit widmet sich der Veränderung der Muschelfauna im Unterlauf des Mains und seiner Zuflüs- se innerhalb der letzten dreißig Jahre. -
Trade Integration and the Polarisation of Eco-Labelling Strategies Vera Danilina
Trade Integration and the Polarisation of Eco-Labelling Strategies Vera Danilina To cite this version: Vera Danilina. Trade Integration and the Polarisation of Eco-Labelling Strategies. 2017. halshs- 01556484 HAL Id: halshs-01556484 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01556484 Preprint submitted on 5 Jul 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Working Papers / Documents de travail Trade Integration and the Polarisation of Eco-Labelling Strategies Vera Danilina WP 2017 - Nr 25 Trade Integration and the Polarisation of Eco-Labelling Strategies* Vera Danilinay Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, EHESS, Centrale Marseille, AMSE July 5, 2017 Abstract Growing ecological concerns give rise to salient discussions of green policy impact within different social sciences domains. This research studies the outcomes of voluntary environmental labelling in autarky and upon trade in- tegration in the presence of two types of heterogeneity, across countries and across producers. It investigates the impact of the two main types of eco- labels - multiple-criteria-based programmes (ISO Type I) and self-declared environmental claims (ISO Type II), both of which are simultaneously in- troduced due to the environmental concerns of consumers. The model illus- trates the polarisation of eco-labels when the least productive firms tend to avoid green strategies, lower-middle productive and the most efficient firms are incentivized to greenwash, and the upper-middle productive firms choose trustful programmes. -
December 2017
Ellipsaria Vol. 19 - No. 4 December 2017 Newsletter of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society Volume 19 – Number 4 December 2017 Cover Story . 1 Society News . 4 Announcements . 7 Regional Meetings . 8 March 12 – 15, 2018 Upcoming Radisson Hotel and Conference Center, La Crosse, Wisconsin Meetings . 9 How do you know if your mussels are healthy? Do your sickly snails have flukes or some other problem? Contributed Why did the mussels die in your local stream? The 2018 FMCS Workshop will focus on freshwater mollusk Articles . 10 health assessment, characterization of disease risk, and strategies for responding to mollusk die-off events. FMCS Officers . 19 It will present a basic understanding of aquatic disease organisms, health assessment and disease diagnostic tools, and pathways of disease transmission. Nearly 20 Committee Chairs individuals will be presenting talks and/or facilitating small group sessions during this Workshop. This and Co-chairs . 20 Workshop team includes freshwater malacologists and experts in animal health and disease from: the School Parting Shot . 21 of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota; School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin; School 1 Ellipsaria Vol. 19 - No. 4 December 2017 of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University; the US Geological Survey Wildlife Disease Center; and the US Fish and Wildlife Service Fish Health Center. The opening session of this three-day Workshop will include a review of freshwater mollusk declines, the current state of knowledge on freshwater mollusk health and disease, and a crash course in disease organisms. The afternoon session that day will include small panel presentations on health assessment tools, mollusk die-offs and kills, and risk characterization of disease organisms to freshwater mollusks. -
Assessing the Risk to Neptunia Oleracea Lour. by the Moth, Neurostrota Gunniella (Busck), a Biological Control Agent for Mimosa Pigra L
Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds 449 4-14 July 1999, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA Neal R. Spencer [ed.]. pp. 449-457 (2000) Assessing the Risk to Neptunia oleracea Lour. by the Moth, Neurostrota gunniella (Busck), a Biological Control Agent for Mimosa pigra L. I. W. FORNO1, J. FICHERA1, and S. PRIOR2 1CSIRO Entomology, PMB 3, Indooroopilly Q4069, Australia 2Present Address: Department of Natural Resources, Magazine Street, Sherwood Q4075, Australia Abstract Mimosa pigra L. is native to tropical America and is an aggressive, invasive weed on the flood plains of the Northern Territory of Australia and in several countries in Southeast Asia. Neurostrota gunniella (Busck) (Gracillariidae) was introduced into Australia from Mexico in 1986 for biological control of mimosa. It was released in 1989 following com- pletion of extensive host range studies which determined that the moth bred readily on M. pigra and to a much lesser extent on Neptunia dimorphantha Domin, N. gracilis Benth., N. major (Benth.) Windler, N. monosperma F. Muell. and M. pudica L. Damage to these non-target species was assessed as insignificant. Subsequently, this moth was introduced to Thailand where quarantine studies showed substantial attack on an important vegetable, N. oleracea Lour., which is a perennial, aquatic herb which either grows prostrate near the water’s edge or floats by forming spongy aerenchyma around the stems. N. gunniella was not released in Southeast Asia. Further studies showed that N. gunniella oviposits and breeds similarly on potted M. pigra and the terrestrial form of N. oleracea but fewer eggs are laid and larval mortality is much greater on N. -
Modelling Integrated Weed Management of an Invasive 41, 547–560 Shrub in Tropical Australia
Journal of Applied Blackwell Publishing, Ltd. Ecology 2004 Modelling integrated weed management of an invasive 41, 547–560 shrub in tropical Australia YVONNE M. BUCKLEY*, MARK REES*†, QUENTIN PAYNTER‡ and MARK LONSDALE§ *NERC Centre for Population Biology and †Department of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK; ‡CSIRO, Division of Entomology, Tropical Ecosystems Research Centre, PMB 44 Winnellie, NT 0822, Australia; and §CSIRO, Division of Entomology, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Summary 1. Where biocontrol programmes for invasive plants are in place, only one-third are fully successful. Integrated weed management (IWM) emphasizes the use of several complementary control measures. 2. We used models of increasing complexity to determine which parameters affect site occupancy of an invasive shrub, Mimosa pigra, in tropical Australia. Two introduced biocontrol agents have spatial effects on both plant fecundity and the probability of recolonization after senescence. We incorporated biocontrol effects into IWM models with small-scale disturbance, such as grazing and pig-rooting, and large-scale disturbance, such as mechanical control, herbicide and fire. The models were parameterized from experimental and field data. 3. The models indicated that reduction in fecundity is not the most important impact of biocontrol; rather it is defoliation at the edges of stands, allowing grasses to out-compete M. pigra seedlings. We demonstrated that biocontrol alone is only successful at low levels of small-scale disturbance and seedling survival and, even then, current biocontrol agents would take decades to reduce a stand to < 5% site occupancy. 4. Our model predicts the most successful IWM strategy to be an application of herbicide in year 1, mechanical control + fire in year 2 and herbicide in year 3, with reduction of small-scale disturbance where possible. -
Impacts of Neonicotinoids on Molluscs: What We Know and What We Need to Know
toxics Review Impacts of Neonicotinoids on Molluscs: What We Know and What We Need to Know Endurance E Ewere 1,2 , Amanda Reichelt-Brushett 1 and Kirsten Benkendorff 1,3,* 1 Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, P.O. Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; [email protected] (E.E.E.); [email protected] (A.R.-B.) 2 Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154 Benin City, Nigeria 3 National Marine Science Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The broad utilisation of neonicotinoids in agriculture has led to the unplanned contam- ination of adjacent terrestrial and aquatic systems around the world. Environmental monitoring regularly detects neonicotinoids at concentrations that may cause negative impacts on molluscs. The toxicity of neonicotinoids to some non-target invertebrates has been established; however, informa- tion on mollusc species is limited. Molluscs are likely to be exposed to various concentrations of neonicotinoids in the soil, food and water, which could increase their vulnerability to other sources of mortality and cause accidental exposure of other organisms higher in the food chain. This review examines the impacts of various concentrations of neonicotinoids on molluscs, including behavioural, physiological and biochemical responses. The review also identifies knowledge gaps and provides recommendations for future studies, to ensure a more comprehensive understanding of impacts from neonicotinoid exposure to molluscs. Keywords: non-target species; toxicity; biomarker; pesticide; bivalve; gastropod; cephalopod; Citation: Ewere, E.E; environmental concentration Reichelt-Brushett, A.; Benkendorff, K.