Hbcuse: Space-Making and Identity Performance on SU Campus
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HBCuse: Space-Making and Identity Performance on SU Campus Giselle Bookal Maxwell School | Geography Major Maxwell School | Environment and Society Minor Renee Crown Honors Program Class of 2020 1 Abstract This paper aims to explore the ways in which the performance of black racial identity manifests within the context of a predominantly white institution (PWI). I will analyze the ways in which hidden history and collective memory collude to create spaces that mitigate how identity is performed. I utilize a two-tiered approach in conducting this research in which I trace the forgotten histories of Syracuse University’s marginalized black student community and the current landscape of the HBCuse social grouping, primarily by tracing student organization involvement. I will explore how identity-performance within the restrictive climate of a PWI creates opportunities for autonomous space-making while also universalizing racial identity within these spaces and their interconnected framework. I will employ the concept of ‘blanket blackness’, a place-bound identity formulated by the selective incorporation of multiplicitous black sociocultural phenomenon that collude within a predominantly white space. I argue that this blanket blackness both provides a space for the holistic expression of black racial identity and excludes those who do not fall under its rigid stratifications. By utilizing a geographical approach that considers the importance of space, history, memory, identity and power within these developments, I aim to uncover the ways in which black students on this campus have successfully created enriching and substantial spaces for creative, personal and professional growth on a campus whose history has hinged upon accommodating us, not accepting us. 2 Executive Summary Simply put, this project is about black spaces in white places. I undertook archival research and utilized interviews to gain a richer understanding of how lback students experience and live life on a campus whose racial tensions perpetually feels like a hair on the cheek: nearly invisible but easy to feel. This project aims to trace the institutional relationship between Syracuse University and its black students and showcase how that dynamic yields the distinct HBCuse student community. Place exists while space comes into being. Place refers to the physical components of a landscape while space refers to the intangible that arises as a result of the relations and actions between humans against this backdrop. But as we influence our spatial framework, our surroundings accumulate actions that have been done to them as well. As a result, our physical surroundings directly influence our understanding and performance of self. However, the ability to create and/or shape space does not come equally to everyone. Space retains power imbalances and some groups, institutions, and individuals have the economic and social capital to actively curate space. Others must forge their own on the margins of the legitimate spaces that already exist. This project is about black students and students of color creating social spaces for racial identity assertion and autonomous self-creation despite a lack of institutional support. This project begins by first tracing the development of the margins into which black students and other students of color have been thrust. In academic disciplines, history tends to be regarded as an objective truth that gains legitimacy through its lack of emotion or concessions to humanity. The history of Syracuse University treats it as a pioneering, 3 forward-thinking institution wholly concerned about its students’ best interests. However, by shedding light on corners of SU’s history that it refuses to acknowledge, I aim to uncover how these pores leave space for memory to do its work. Memory refers to not only the dynamic archive of past events that we maintain in our mind but also the active processes of keeping certain memories alive. Memory refers to the events of the past that do not settle into history books but are consciously maintained by social groups whose identity and survival depends on this remembrance, simply because no one else will remember these obscured histories. Memory and history do not necessarily contradict each other, even though history questions the validity of memory due to its intrinsic physiological ties. In the case of the HBCuse community, they actually complement one another. For the purposes of this paper, the HBCuse community will be defined as the extensive network of black students and domestic students of color as facilitated through undergraduate student organization involvement. Due to Syracuse University’s history of deep personal prejudice colluding with university policies, commitment to saving face and loyalty to its Board of Trustees and network of alumni donors, the academic and social health of its black students never became a priority. The memory of being underserved as well as community liberation for future generations propelled the birth of student organizations that gave black students a voice, resources, and the ability to incrementally make our experience on campus visible. The physical and social landscapes of predominantly white institutions indicate greater societal truths about the power white people have over history-telling and space creation. Furthermore, they place buried histories of a particular white-American student experience at the default of the university’s self-conceptualization. By (partially) outlining the social landscape of HBCuse from the genesis of the institution, I will contextualize the true tenacity of this HBCuse community. However, I will also explore the ways in which a place-bound racial 4 identity universalizes the black experience and has the potential to ostracize members of the community who do not fit the mold. Table of Contents Abstract…………………………………...………………………………....…….1 Executive Summary…………………………………………………………....….2 Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………...…...5 Chapter 1-Place, Memory, History and Identity………………………………..6 Chapter 2-Suos Cultores Scientia Coronat……………………………………..11 Chapter 2-HBCuse: So Now What?…………………………………………….22 Chapter 4-The Exoskeleton of HBCUse: Cuse…………………………….......24 Chapter 5-The Structural and the Social……………………………….……...30 Chapter 6-Blanket Blackness...……………..…………………………………..39 The Structural and the Social (Photo Gallery)…………………………….......43 Works Cited………………………..…………………………………………….58 5 Acknowledgements For Mrs. Viviana Mascia-Tamas, my life changed forever the day that you gifted me that atlas To my parents, stepparents, cousins, aunts, uncles and my grandmas of course, I’m always working hard to make you proud To Timur Hammond, (Hocam) words can’t express how much you have expanded my mind and helped me grow as a geographer and a person, çok teşekkür ederim To my entire HBCuse family, I’ve grown deeply appreciative of this community and the impressive people in it, thank you for sharing your experiences with me and consider this my formal goodbye to all of you: I hope you keep our collective memory alive ;) 6 Place, Memory, History and Identity Place exists as more than the physical makeup of an environment. The material characteristics of a location play a distinct role in the construction of a landscape as well as the manner in which these landscapes become integrated into daily life1. The drumlins upon which the city of Syracuse sits is one example of how the physical components of an area reign as the primary characteristics of its existence. However, understanding place as simply the background against which human life occurs gives us little ability to fully explore the extent to which specific geographic and sociocultural contexts affect our histories, memories and understandings of self. Place embodies more than its physicality. It expands to include the relationships that its inhabitants develop with their surroundings and the ways in which these interactions alter and are altered by the surrounding environment, both natural and built. Aside from encompassing the material foundations of a location, place also exists as a meeting place. It does not exist as a single point in arbitrary space. Rather, its existence stems from the diverse manifestations of social relations and actions that occur within the aforementioned physical boundaries of a locale while simultaneously linking it elsewhere. As a porous network of social relations, place remains embroiled in the fluid and ever-changing dynamics developed between people and their surrounding environments2. Moreover, some places do not simply exist, they become. The process of place creation involves a unique union between specific characterizations of time and space with dominant narratives and their corresponding hegemonies. The concepts of space and time exist within specific cultural 1 Jesse Swann-Quinn. Lecture GEO 272 World Cultures, 8/30/17-What is Geography? 2 Doreen Massey. "Places and Their Pasts." History Workshop Journal, no. 39 (1995): 182-92. 7 frameworks, making it necessary to contextualize these phenomena before analyzing the extent of their reach. Additionally, the construction of a place rarely occurs equitably. Certain groups retain the political and social capital to dictate the past of a particular location. Since the past constantly works in tandem with the present3, the ability to create and legitimate certain histories has consequences for the ability of marginal groups to express their respective truths. As a result of this phenomenon,