Using the Study of Inventions and Technologies to Interest Students in History
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1. Hand Tools 3. Related Tools 4. Chisels 5. Hammer 6. Saw Terminology 7. Pliers Introduction
1 1. Hand Tools 2. Types 2.1 Hand tools 2.2 Hammer Drill 2.3 Rotary hammer drill 2.4 Cordless drills 2.5 Drill press 2.6 Geared head drill 2.7 Radial arm drill 2.8 Mill drill 3. Related tools 4. Chisels 4.1. Types 4.1.1 Woodworking chisels 4.1.1.1 Lathe tools 4.2 Metalworking chisels 4.2.1 Cold chisel 4.2.2 Hardy chisel 4.3 Stone chisels 4.4 Masonry chisels 4.4.1 Joint chisel 5. Hammer 5.1 Basic design and variations 5.2 The physics of hammering 5.2.1 Hammer as a force amplifier 5.2.2 Effect of the head's mass 5.2.3 Effect of the handle 5.3 War hammers 5.4 Symbolic hammers 6. Saw terminology 6.1 Types of saws 6.1.1 Hand saws 6.1.2. Back saws 6.1.3 Mechanically powered saws 6.1.4. Circular blade saws 6.1.5. Reciprocating blade saws 6.1.6..Continuous band 6.2. Types of saw blades and the cuts they make 6.3. Materials used for saws 7. Pliers Introduction 7.1. Design 7.2.Common types 7.2.1 Gripping pliers (used to improve grip) 7.2 2.Cutting pliers (used to sever or pinch off) 2 7.2.3 Crimping pliers 7.2.4 Rotational pliers 8. Common wrenches / spanners 8.1 Other general wrenches / spanners 8.2. Spe cialized wrenches / spanners 8.3. Spanners in popular culture 9. Hacksaw, surface plate, surface gauge, , vee-block, files 10. -
Complicated Views: Mainstream Cinema's Representation of Non
University of Southampton Research Repository Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis and, where applicable, any accompanying data are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis and the accompanying data cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content of the thesis and accompanying research data (where applicable) must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder/s. When referring to this thesis and any accompanying data, full bibliographic details must be given, e.g. Thesis: Author (Year of Submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University Faculty or School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. Data: Author (Year) Title. URI [dataset] University of Southampton Faculty of Arts and Humanities Film Studies Complicated Views: Mainstream Cinema’s Representation of Non-Cinematic Audio/Visual Technologies after Television. DOI: by Eliot W. Blades Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2020 University of Southampton Abstract Faculty of Arts and Humanities Department of Film Studies Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Complicated Views: Mainstream Cinema’s Representation of Non-Cinematic Audio/Visual Technologies after Television. by Eliot W. Blades This thesis examines a number of mainstream fiction feature films which incorporate imagery from non-cinematic moving image technologies. The period examined ranges from the era of the widespread success of television (i.e. -
Oliver Evans (Edited from Wikipedia)
Oliver Evans (Edited from Wikipedia) SUMMARY Oliver Evans (September 13, 1755 – April 15, 1819) was an American inventor, engineer and businessman born in rural Delaware and later rooted commercially in Philadelphia. He was one of the first Americans building steam engines and an advocate of high pressure steam (vs. low pressure steam). A pioneer in the fields of automation, materials handling and steam power, Evans was one of the most prolific and influential inventors in the early years of the United States. He left behind a long series of accomplishments, most notably designing and building the first fully automated industrial process, the first high-pressure steam engine, and the first (albeit crude) amphibious vehicle and American automobile. Born in Newport, Delaware, Evans received little formal education and in his mid-teens was apprenticed to a wheelwright. Going into business with his brothers, he worked for over a decade designing, building and perfecting an automated mill with devices such as bucket chains and conveyor belts. In doing so Evans designed a continuous process of manufacturing that required no human labor. This novel concept would prove critical to the Industrial Revolution and the development of mass production. Later in life Evans turned his attention to steam power, and built the first high-pressure steam engine in the United States in 1801, developing his design independently of Richard Trevithick, who built the first in the world a year earlier. Evans was a driving force in the development and adoption of high-pressure steam engines in the United States. Evans dreamed of building a steam-powered wagon and would eventually construct and run one in 1805. -
Artificial Billiard Balls
www.mrs.org/publications/bulletin HISTORICAL NOTE Artificial Billiard Balls In his 1859 book The Game of Billiards, and to printers like Hyatt for burn pre- lished the Albany Billiard Ball Company, Michael Phelan, co-owner of the Phelan vention; it also served as a coating for and also the Albany Dental Plate & Collender Company, the largest manu- photographic plates. Company—although this effort was occa- facturer of billiard balls in the United One day in 1868, Hyatt found that a sionally plagued by reports of exploding States, lamented the state of his raw bottle of collodion in his cabinet had dentures by cigar smokers and com- material supply. The ivory obtained from spilled, and that a hard, thick, transpar- plaints about the taste of camphor that the tusks of the elephants of Ceylon, he ent material had formed. He thought col- the dentures retained. The Hyatts later said, was superior to that of the African lodion might make an excellent coating combined both companies to form the elephant for his purposes, being more for his billiard balls. In his excitement, he Celluloid Manufacturing Company. They solid and less friable. However, the cost convinced his brother Isaiah Smith Hyatt, never submitted their billiard balls to the of this ivory was “dreadfully dear.” until then a newspaper editor, to join him Phelan & Collender Company for consid- Adding to the problem was the fact that in his experimentation. eration for the $10,000 prize, however, only 1 in 50 tusks was of sufficient quali- and it is probable that the money was ty to make a billiard ball, due to the “[Phelan] offered a prize of never awarded. -
Le Creusot Steam Hammer MEN in SHEDS
THE ORIGINAL MAGAZINE FOR MODEL ENGINEERS Vol. 220 No. 4583 • 30 March - 12 April 2018 Join our online community www.model-engineer.co.uk MEN IN Perpetual Motion SHEDS Le Creusot A Wooden Steam Traction Hammer Engine COVER FEATURE Electric Steam ENGINEERING GROUP Carriage £3.99 527 Published by MyTimeMedia Ltd. Suite 25S, Eden House, Enterprise Way, Edenbridge, Kent TN8 6HF +44 (0)1689 869840 www.model-engineer.co.uk 508 SUBSCRIPTIONS UK - New, Renewals & Enquiries Tel: 0344 243 9023 Email: [email protected] USA & CANADA - New, Renewals & Enquiries Tel: (001)-866-647-9191 REST OF WORLD - New, Renewals & Enquiries Tel: +44 1604 828 748 Email: [email protected] Vol. 220 No. 4583 30 March - 12 April 2018 CURRENT AND BACK ISSUES Tel: 01795 662976 Website: www.mags-uk.com 488 SMOKE RINGS 508 THE ENV AERO ENGINE News, views and comment on Stephen Wessel continues an occasional series EDITORIAL the world of model engineering. on the construction of an elusive prototype. Editor: Diane Carney Tel: +44 (0)1539 564750 489 SIX INCH OLDSMOBILE 511 A SIMPLE BOILER TEST RIG Email: [email protected] David Tompkins describes his electrically Tony Bird describes how you can test PRODUCTION driven half size Oldsmobile Curved Dash your small boiler for minimal cost. Designer: Yvette Green horseless carriage. Illustrator: Grahame Chambers 514 BOOK REVIEW Retouching Manager: Brian Vickers 492 THE INQUISITIVE FIDDLER Ad Production: Andy Tompkins Mitch Barnes shares some salutary lessons for 515 THE UNSEEN STUART S50 those who, like him, have decided to fiddle with Russell Franklin explains how being blind did not ADVERTISING a model on a whim. -
Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Chronology
Air Conditioning and Refrigeration C H R O N O L O G Y Significant dates pertaining to Air Conditioning and Refrigeration revised May 4, 2006 Assembled by Bernard Nagengast for American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers Additions by Gerald Groff, Dr.-Ing. Wolf Eberhard Kraus and International Institute of Refrigeration End of 3rd. Century B.C. Philon of Byzantium invented an apparatus for measuring temperature. 1550 Doctor, Blas Villafranca, mentioned process for cooling wine and water by adding potassium nitrate About 1597 Galileo’s ‘air thermoscope’ Beginning of 17th Century Francis Bacon gave several formulae for refrigeration mixtures 1624 The word thermometer first appears in literature in a book by J. Leurechon, La Recreation Mathematique 1631 Rey proposed a liquid thermometer (water) Mid 17th Century Alcohol thermometers were known in Florence 1657 The Accademia del Cimento, in Florence, used refrigerant mixtures in scientific research, as did Robert Boyle, in 1662 1662 Robert Boyle established the law linking pressure and volume of a gas a a constant temperature; this was verified experimentally by Mariotte in 1676 1665 Detailed publication by Robert Boyle with many fundamentals on the production of low temperatures. 1685 Philippe Lahire obtained ice in a phial by enveloping it in ammonium nitrate 1697 G.E. Stahl introduced the notion of “phlogiston.” This was replaced by Lavoisier, by the “calorie.” 1702 Guillaume Amontons improved the air thermometer; foresaw the existence of an absolute zero of temperature 1715 Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit developed mercury thermoneter 1730 Reamur introduced his scale on an alcohol thermometer 1742 Anders Celsius developed Centigrade Temperature Scale, later renamed Celsius Temperature Scale 1748 G. -
Automatic Hydroheater® Operation and Technical Manual
Version 2.2 Automatic Hydroheater® Operation and Technical Manual The Leader in Engineered Liquid Heating Systems Hydro-Thermal Corporation Waukesha, Wisconsin Phone 262-548-8900 | toll-free 800-952-0121 www.hydro-thermal.com Version 2.2 Automatic Hydroheater® 1 GENERAL 2 1.1 Purpose of the Manual 2 1.2 Series Designations 2 1.3 Theory of Operation 2 2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 4 2.1 General 4 2.2 Specific 4 3 INSTALLATION 5 3.1 General 5 3.2 Before Installing 5 3.3 Installation 8 3.4 Control Instrumentation 10 3.5 Special Installation Requirements for Operating Temperatures Above 212°F (100°C) 13 3.6 Suggested Optional Accessories 14 4 OPERATION 15 4.1 Pre-start Checklist 15 4.2 Operation 15 5 TROUBLE SHOOTING 18 5.1 Trouble, Probable Causes and Suggested Remedies 18 6 MAINTENANCE 20 6.1 Periodic Service 20 6.2 Disassembly and Re-Assembly of Series M103 Through M110 Hydroheaters for Parts Replacement (Figure 10) 21 6.3 Disassembly and Re-Assembly of K410 Through K412 Hydroheaters for Parts Replacement (See Figure 11) 27 6.4 Disassembly and Re-Assembly of Series K413, K414, K415, K416, and K417 Hydroheaters (See Figure 12) 31 7 ILLUSTRATED PARTS LIST 37 7.1 "M" Series Hydroheaters 37 7.2 "K" Series Automatic Hydroheaters (Models K410 through K412) 39 7.3 "K" Series Automatic Hydroheaters (Models K413 through K417) 41 1 Version 2.2 Automatic Hydroheater® 1 General 1.1 Purpose of the Manual This manual is intended to provide the information necessary to correctly install, operate, troubleshoot, and maintain the Hydroheater. -
Ambrose Bierce
TANGENTIAL VIEWS by AMBROSE BIERCE Volume IX of THE COLLECTED WORKS OF AMBROSE BIERCE NEW YORK & WASHINGTON THE NEALE PUBLISHING COMPANY 1911 Copyright, 1911, By THE NEALE PUBLISHING COMPANY CONTENTS Some Privations of the Coming Man Civilization of the Monkey The Socialist—What He Is, and Why George the Made-Over John Smith’s Ancestors The Moon in Letters Columbus The Religion of the Table Revision Downward The Art of Controversy In the Infancy of “Trusts” Poverty, Crime and Vice Decadence of the American Foot The Clothing of Ghosts Some Aspects of Education The Reign of the Ring Fin de Siècle Timothy H. Rearden The Passing of the Horse Newspapers A Benign Invention Actors and Acting The Value of Truth Symbols and Fetishes Did We Eat One Another? The Bacillus of Crime The Game of Button Sleep Concerning Pictures Modern Warfare Christmas and the New Year On Putting One’s Head into One’s Belly The American Chair Another “Cold Spell” The Love of County Disintroductions The Tyranny of Fashion Breaches of Promise The Turko-Grecian War Cats of Cheyenne Thanksgiving Day The Hour and the Man Mortuary Electroplating The Age Romantic The War Everlasting On the Uses of Euthanasia The Scourge of Laughter The Late Lamented Dethronement of the Atom Dogs for the Klondike Monsters and Eggs Music Malfeasance in Office For Standing Room The Jew Why the Human Nose has a Western Exposure SOME PRIVATIONS OF THE COMING MAN A GERMAN physician of some note once gave it out as his solemn conviction that civilized man is gradually but surely losing the sense of smell through disuse. -
Thistle Short Aua,Itj 07078
Millburn- Short Hills Historical Society P.O. Box «M Thistle Short aUa,ItJ 07078 VoLXXBtt November 1997 "The Dance in the Barn" (From the October 1888 edition of The News Item) he barn-dance given on Thursday night, Sept. 20, by __ TMr. and Mrs. William I. Russell was a pleasant incident of the season in the charming little borough of Short Hills, N.J. Mr. Russell's horses are the fortunate possessors of a large home, the gable front having a width of sixty feet and their owner's invitation to "come and dance in the bam" was a welcome one. Doubtless the horses shared the spirit of hospitality characteristic of their master, and joined in the invitation with all their hearts; certainly not one said ""neigh". A band of five pieces fur- nished the musicians being stationed in the mow. Smilax surrounded the mow opening, twined every post and wreathed every window. Floral horse-shoes hung against each stall-post, and over the doorway was a ball of flowers three feet in diameter. The walls were hung with pictures of English hunting scenes, famous turf winners, etc. Canvas covered the floors, and the stalls, fitted up with seats, rugs, lamps and flowers, formed cosey retreats for tired dancers. The guests were received in the house, the lower part of which contained solid banks of flowers on every mantel and in every nook, and an awning was stretched to the barn. Dancing began at 9:30. and supper was served in the house at midnight. The floral decorations of the table were as attractive as those of the ball-room, the centrepiece being a representation of a pony tandem, with dog cart and footman complete. -
DAMAGE ATLAS Atlas of Case Studies Presenting Typical Damages
DAMAGE ATLAS Atlas of case studies presenting typical damages Project nbr 212218 http://popart.mnhn.fr Cellulose acetate (CA) Categories Semi-synthetic ; thermoplastic Chemical structure Production - Cellulose acetate was created by Paul Schutzenberger in 1865, by acetylating cellulose under exposure of acetic acid, but manufacturing processes were not available before the first decade of the 20 th century. - as a stiff material, cellulose acetate needs to be plasticized. Triacetine or triphenyl phosphate and phtalates have been and are still used as plasticizers. - Because of its low flammability, it tended to replace cellulose nitrate as a “safety” material for many uses. - spinning methods were also developed before the outbreak of WWI for creating artificial silk and a wide range of textile fibers Forms and applications - All type of objects imitating natural materials, like tortoiseshell, horn, ivory or mother-of-pearl. It is still very present in glasses manufacturing. - other cast objects, such as Lego ® bricks (before 1965) - flexible sheet for photographic “safety films” and other types of uses - wide range of textile fibers Some trade names Rhodoid ®, Viscose®, Rayon ®, Tricel ® Physical characteristics and appearance - Highly transparent material - Raw cellulose acetate is a rigid material which requires plasticizers. - Its scratching resistance is high. - CA is soluble in water, alcohol, ketone and chlorinated solvents. Degradation process - Higher water absorption. - Hydrolysis in presence of acids and moisture. - CA emits -
Cinema in the Digital Age: a Rebuttal to Lev Manovich ! ! ! ! ! ! ! a Senior Project
! ! ! ! Cinema in the Digital Age: A Rebuttal to Lev Manovich ! ! ! ! ! ! ! A Senior Project presented to the Faculty of the Philosophy Department California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo ! ! ! ! ! In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Arts ! ! by! Barbara! Cail December, 2013! ! ! © 2013 Barbara Cail ! Cail "1 I. Introduction! ! Philosophy of film has been in upheaval since the early days of digital post- production effects and manipulation in the 1980s. Although shot and released on celluloid, many feature films of the 1990s were transferred to video in a process known as telecine. Telecine effectively turned the film image into an analog video image which could then be digitized and ingested into a computer for post-production editing and visual effects. Concurrent rapid innovations in non-linear editing software and hardware dramatically accelerated the post-production editing process, while decreasing costs and increasing profits for film studios. End-to-end digital filmmaking gained industry credibility when George Lucas embraced digital for his 1999 release of Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace. The film was partially recorded on digital cameras, edited and composited on computers and distributed digitally to select movie theaters.1 ! ! As technologies continued to mature and cinema became increasingly digital, film philosophy entered a crisis. Classical film theories that depend upon the acknowledged indexical relationship of an analog photo to its referent in reality were unable to accommodate the move to digital. This quandary has renewed interest in these classical theories, returning them to the forefront of film philosophy.! ! Lev Manovich, a preeminent digital media philosopher, has posited that cinema has been fundamentally changed by cinema’s digital revolution. -
MRM & VPS Shock Isolation Systems for Forging Hammers
VVIBROIBRO/DDYNAMICYNAMICS ® vibration and shock isolation systems MMRMRM™ & VPSVPS™ ShockShock IIsolationsolation SystemsSystems forfor FForgingorging HammersHammers Forging Hammer Isolation Vibro/Dynamics began producing isolation systems for forging hammers in 2002 after receiving numerous requests for an improved mounting system from hammer builders and forging producers. Vibration and shock isolation of forging hammers is very difficult due to their large masses and extreme shock forces. Vibro/Dynamics first developed the FS Series Coil Spring Isolators with viscous fluid dampers and then followed with the development of MRM™ and VPS™ Elastomeric Isolation System. Both types have proven to be very effective in isolating hammer and shock forces. Coil spring and viscous damper units provide the greatest isolation performance, but have higher initial cost, more expensive foundations, and potential maintenance issues. The viscous dampers in the spring isolators are difficult to protect if a pit should flood; a situation usually requiring the replacement of the damper fluid. Some competitive damper designs have leaked due to the cracks developing in the damper tube walls, which requires the removal and repair of the spring isolators. As a result, the MRM and VPS Systems has become an accepted standard for FSV20 and FSX20 Viscous Damped Spring Mounts vibration and shock isolation around the world. They offer superior isolation performance over timber and pad systems without the larger inertia mass, flooding issues, and higher maintenance cost associated with coil spring isolator systems. They are easy to install and maintain and have proven to be durable. This document seeks to address the technical issues involved in the isolation of forging hammers.