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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ABBREVIA nONS ...................................................................................................................... (xix) INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. , .............................................1 THE CHALLENGE .................................................................................... ................................................ 1 BACKGROUND TO ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSION ..................... 1 The Context ......................................................................................... .................... 1 Membership of the Commission ......................................................... .................... 3 The Terms of Refer~nce ...................................................................... : .................. 3 METHODOLOGY AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES ........................................................... ........................4 The Commission's Methodology of Work ........................................... .................... 4 The Results .......................................................................................... .................... 6 Summarising and Analysing Views:Common Principles ................... ..................... 6 The Main Sources Used by the Commission ....................................... ..................... 7 Theoretical or Philosophical Bases for our Recommendations ........... .................... 8 Statistical Analysis .............................................................................. .................... 9 CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES OF CONSENSUS AND CONTROVERSY ...................... ..................... 10 Areas of General Consensus ................................................................ ................... 10 Controviersial Issues ........................................................................... ................... 10 Our Approach to Controversial Issues ................................................ .................. 11 Positions on the Main Controversial Issues ........................................ .................. 11 MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS, INNOVATION AND FUNDAMENTAL CHANGES .............................. 13 Major Achievements .......................................................................... ................... 13 Innovations ......................................................................................... .................... 14 Changes in Major Organs of State ..................................................... ................... 15 New Changes in Other Constitutional Issues ..................................... .................... 17 THE REPORT: ITS ARRANGEMENT AND CONTENT ............................................... ...................... 18 Three Separate Volumes .................................................................... .................... 18 Voiume One ..................................................................................... '.' .................. 18 Other Reports of the Commission ...................................................... .................... 20 People's submissions .......................................................................... .................... 20 Time taken .......................................................................................... .................... 20 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... ...................... 21 Conclusion ......................................................................................... .................... 22 CHAPTER ONE METHODOLOGY AND SOURCES ............................................ : ....................................... 23 THE IMPORTANCE OF THE METHODOLOGY AND THE PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING IT .................................................................................................................................... 23 Im~ortance of the Methodology ............................................................................. 23 Principles upon which the Methodology was Based .............................................. 24 (i) People's Fears and Concerns ................................................................................... 26 The Methodology and the Statute Creating the Commission ................................. 27 Genera'! Organisation of the Commission's work .................................................. 28 EDUCATIONAL SEMINARS, EVOLVING THE AGENDA AND COLLECTION OF VIEWS ............................................................................ ......................................................... .............. 29 Education and Agenda ............................ , ................................................ ............ 30 The Collection of Views ......................... .................................................. ............ 34 Assessment of the Methodology ............. .................................................. ............ 36 CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF UGANDA AND COMPARATIVE STUDY ............................... .............. 37 METHODOLOGY FOR STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF VIEWS AND FINAL REPORT ...... .............. 37 Study and Analysis of Views ..................................................................... ' ........... 37 Preparation of the Final Report .................................................................. ............ 40 Preparation of the Draft Constitution ......................................................... .......... , 40 Nature of the Recommendations in the Final Report ................................. ............ 40 Concluding Observations ........................................................................... ............ 41 CHAPTER TWO HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ................................................................................................ ,43 PRE-COLONIAL UGANDA AND COLONIAL CONQUEST AND ITS CONSEQUENCES ................................................................................................................................... 43 Colonial Conquest .................................................................................................. 43 Consequence of Colonial Conquest ........................................................................ 44 Political Actors and Colonial Politics ..................................................................... 47 Post-1945 Political Developments .......................................................................... 48 The Rise of Political Parties .................................................................................... 49 Towards Independence ........................................................................................... 50 THE POST INDEPENDENCE PERIOD TO 1986 .................................................................................. 51 The "Era of Good Feeling, 1962-1966 ................................................................... 51 The Way to the 1971 Coup ................................................................................. 52 The UNLF and Obote II Governments .. ~ ............................................................. 52 THE NATIONAL RESISTANCE MOVEMENT ADMINISTRATION, 1986 - 1992 ............................ 53 OBSERVATIONS ON THE NATURE OF PAST PROBLEMS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS ........................................................................................................................................... 55 CHAPTER THREE GEO-POLITICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC BACKGROUND ......................................... ' 57 GEO-POLITICAL FEATURES ............................................................................................................. 57 Some Key Features .............................................................................................. 57 Matters to be Taken into Account in Framing a New Constitution ........................ 59 SOCIO-ECONOMIC BACKGROUND ............................. ................................. ; ............................... , 60 The Peoples of Uganda .............................. , ............................ ............................. 60 Human Geography ..................................... .............................. ............................. 63 (ii) The Economy and Quality of Life ............................................................................. 64 Quality of Life .......................... I ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 69 Matters to be Taken into Account in Framing a New Constitution ........................... 70 Uganda's Ethnic Composition in 1959 .................................................................... " 72 The Population of Uganda by Ethnic Groups in Descending Order of Size ............................................................................................................................ 73 CHAPTER FOUR NATION-BUILDING PROCESS, COMMON VALUES AND NATIONAL LANGUAGE .......................................................................................................... 75 IMPORTANCE OF THE SUBJECT - THE NATION-STATE AND NATION-BUILDING ........................ 75 NATION-BUILDING AND COMMON VALUES ........................................................................................ 76 The Nation-Building Process in Uganda .................................................................... 76 People's