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An Olympian Who Survived Three Concentration Camps

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An Olympian Who Survived Three Concentration Camps An Olympian who Survived Three Concentration Camps By Annamária Holler Mecséri In 1925, the Földes Family moved to Budapest, where Éva The Hungarian pursued her studies. She left school with excellent grades journalist and histo- and went on to graduate from Pázmány Péter University, rian Dr. Éva Földes receiving a doctorate in Italian Philology, History of Art (1914-1981) was and Pedagogy in 1937. She became a high school French, forbidden to work in Italian and Latin language teacher. 1941 because she was She was interested in journalism as a student, and Jewish. After the after getting her diploma, she began to contribute at liberation she became the Dolgozó Asszonyok Lapja (Worker Women’s Journal). a member of staff at She attended different events and scrupulously the Hungarian reported from there. Sport was a recurrent theme of Academy of Sciences. her early reports. One of her first articles was about the Photos: Annamária Holler athletes of Budapest University Athletic Club (BEAC). Mecséri Archive Her talent was discovered at the paper, and she was entrusted to write more and more articles. She spoke and wrote no fewer than seven foreign languages, so had the opportunity to publish interviews with famous international women. She cared greatly about the rights of women in Hungary and abroad. She quickly became a familiar and popular journalist. Her humorous style was expressed in written articles 2014 was a notable year for anniversaries: the start of the as well as in oral performances, shows and stand- First World War 100 years earlier, the beginning of the up comedies. She also participated in the work of the deportation of Hungarian Jews 70 years earlier, and the first Hungarian women’s sport association, “Olympia, Tokyo Summer Olympics held 50 years earlier. Worker Women’s Sport Association”, which was founded The life of Dr. Éva Földes was also connected to those in 1932. years: she was born on 6th July 1914, she lived through This organisation instituted the first conference on the horrors of the holocaust in 1944, and her Ph.D. women’s sport in Hungary in 1935, where Földes made a thesis was published in 1964. presentation. The lecture, entitled ‘Women’s sport and Dr. Földes is famous for her Olympic bronze medal the press’, addressed the relationship between those in the Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics two sectors with typical wit. It drew attention to the in London but she was also made a name for herself difficult situation of the infancy of women’s sport. as a sport journalist and historian, a scholar, and she Éva Földes took an active part in the success of this also survived the darkest events of the twentieth conference, which laid the ground for the resurgence century. However, the story of her life has been little of women’s sport in Hungary, and made Éva Földes a documented, even by sport historians. force to be reckoned with in the sport editorial office. She had the opportunity to attend the most important * * * Éva Földes was born in the western Hungarian city Dr. Annamária Holler Mecséri | *1985. She holds of Szombathely, and from an early age had a close degrees in History, Art History, Library Science, Ethno graphy, connection with sport. Her father, Sámuel Földes, Pedagogy and Museum Pedagogy from the Faculty of Arts at Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest. Currently she works at was the president of the local, tradesmen-founded Savaria Museum in Szombathely as a historian and project football club, Szombathelyi Athletikai Klub. Éva regularly manager. Her monograph on Éva Földes, part of the series attended their matches and remembered them as Famous Women from Szombathely, is her first book. marking the beginning of her interest in sport. JOH 3 | 2015 An Olympian who survived Three Concentration Camps 51 The KZ Mauthausen. sport events, and interviewed some of the women of fellow Jewish Hungarians, she was obliged to wear the After a two week rail the Olympic team of 1936 Berlin Olympics, including two yellow badge. Until autumn that year, she was Labor journey 500 Hungarian Olympic champions: fencer Ilona Elek-Schacherer and Servicewoman, and in December she was deported to Jewish women arrived high jumper Ibolya Csák. Ravensbrück concentration camp for women. She was here on 4th May 1945. then transferred to the camp in Venusberg in Saxony, Half of them died en Ravensbrück, Venusberg, Mauthausen then an outdoor camp of Flossenbürg in Bavaria, where route. They had she had to work in an aeroplane factory. From there, previously worked she was carried forward to the Mauthausen camp, in the Junkers aircraft which was eventually liberated by the Americans. She and engine works had been to three different camps, she had suffered a in Venusberg. The lot, physically, mentally and financially. However, she survivors, among them survived it. Éva Földes, were liberated one day Inspired by Lucas Cranach’s painting after their arrival by the US Army. The first Olympic Games after the war were held in London. Hungary was represented by 128 competitors. This was the last Olympics to include Arts Competitions. Ten writers from Hungary applied for participation in the epic works category. The domestic jury supported Lucas Cranach’s Her success in journalism extended worldwide. At and entered two of them for the Olympics. They were painting The Fountain university, in her thesis ’Mussolini, the journalist’, she Modern Pentathlon by Miklós Jós and The Well of Youth of Youth of 1546, which analysed the publicism activity of the Italian politician. by Éva Földes. inspired Éva Földes She travelled to Italy to research for her paper, visited Földes’s work summarises the history of women’s to her prize-winning the village of Benito Mussolini and even had an physical education and sport from antiquity to the epic The Well of Youth. interview with his wife, Rachele Guidi. Unfortunately, 1600s. The work was inspired by Lucas Cranach’s Old women climb into she couldn’t meet with the Duce himself, because his painting of the similar title, The Fountain of Youth. In a bath, to emerge on invitation arrived only after Éva got home from Italy. this picture is a marble pool set in a park, with women the other side The resulting story of this visit was bought by a French and girls swimming in it. The pool is the well of youth. rejuvenated. The press agency along with the rights to publish her article On the left of it, disabled and old women get in the fountain of youth as internationally. pool, and after swimming through it, emerge on the a dream of humanity Because of her Jewish descent, Földes was persecuted right side, healthy and young. of eternal life was a during Second World War. After the second anti-Jewish Éva Földes was motivated by the fact that such work favourite motif of the law of Hungary came into effect, she was barred from has never been published before. She was doing Renaissance. journalism. After the German occupation of Hungary researches home and all across Europe for 12 years, Photo: Staatliche Museen Berlin in March 1944, like hundreds of thousands of her worked and searched for details day and night, besides doing her job, and even in the darkest times. The writing was only an abstract of Földes’s full, detailed work. In the competition the limit was 20,000 words, so she had to shorten her original version. And, of course, had to translate it to English. In the competition, 50 works by writers from 20 nations were submitted. The Hungarian was the only woman to enter. In the category of epic works, the jury adjudged the gold medal to Gianni Stuparich of Italy, for his La Grotta (The Cave). Second place was awarded to Danish Josef Pedersen and his work The Olympic Champion. And Éva Földes was awarded third place and an Olympic bronze medal for The Well of Youth. An achievement all the more impressive considering the jury consisted of English, Swiss Italian and Danish members, so they could review the works of the first two medallists in their original version, but only the translation of Földes’s work. 52 “Mister Földes, Hungary …” head of the newly founded Department of Sport History. She taught History of Sport and Physical Education. The London Olympics began on 29th of July, but the She inspired her students to form scientific groups. results of the Art Competitions were announced weeks She was the librarian in the sports library and was earlier. Thus Éva Földes became the first Hungarian also elected to the Scientific Committee of PE. She medallist of the Games. Her success was proudly wrote textbooks of her own subjects – which are being reported in the national press, especially in those used even now, decades later. With her main writing, papers where she worked. The daily sports paper History of Hungarian Physical Education, earned her Annamária Holler Népsport (People’s Sport) included the news on the her doctorate , which made her the owner of the first Mecséri‘s book front page, along with an interview with Földes. In that academic degree in sports history in Hungary. appeared as part of report she admitted she was totally surprised, she was The Olympic medal, her books and her doctorate the series Famous not expected the medal at all. “Not even privily. I just made Éva Földes an international name in sport Women from wanted to participate. That’s all.” science. She was invited to various conferences, Szombathely. including the International Olympic Academy’s Session of Young Participants. Meanwhile, after teaching 15 years at college, she was relocated to the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the top society of Hungarian science.
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