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Plant Root Systems and Natural Vegetation

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ACTA PHYTOGEOGRAPHICA SUECICA 81 EDIDIT SVENSKA V AXTGEOGRAFISKA SALLSKAPET Persson & 1.0. Baitulin (eds.) H. Plant root systems and natural vegetation UPPSALA 1996 ACTA PHYTOGEOGRAPHICA SUECICA 81 EDIDIT SVENSKA V AxTGEOGRAFISKA SALLSKAPET H. Persson & 1.0. Baitulin (eds.) Plant root systems and natural vegetation OPULUS PRESS AB UPPSALA 1996 ISBN 91-7210-081-8 (paperback) ISBN 91-7210-481-3 (cloth) ISSN 0084-5914 Editor: Erik Sjogren Guest Editors: H. Persson Baitulin & 1.0. Editorial Board: A.W.H. Damman, Storrs, CT F.J.A. Daniels, MUnster L. Ericson, Umea D. Glenn-Lewin, Ames, lA Hamann, Copenhagen 0. H. Sjors, Uppsala H. Trass, Tartu Technical Editor: Marijke van der Maarel-Versluys Respective author 1996 © Cover illustration: Halaxylon ammodendron, after Baitulin 1.0. Edidit: Svenska Vaxtgeografiska Sallskapet Villavagen 14, S-752 36 Uppsala DTP: Opulus Press AB Printed in Sweden, 1996 by Eklundshof Grafiska AB, Uppsala Acta Phytogeogr. Suec. 81 Contents Introduction 5 I Introductory papers Root research in natural plant communities of Kazakhstan. By !sa 0. Baitulin. 7 Growth strategies of plant roots in different climatic regions. By LoreKuts chera-Mitter. 11 Fine-root dynamics in forest trees. By Hans Persson. 17 11 Plant root systems in forests The ecological importance of root systems in the woodlands of Central Africa and in the desert plants of Oman. By Raymond M. Lawton. 24 Fine-root development of Que reus robur L. in the Voronezh region of Russia. By Vladimir 29 V. Mamaev. The root system of Juniperus communis L. in a sandy soil in Central Hungary. By Imre Kdrdsz. 32 35 Root systems of Crataegus L. in the Trans-Ili Alatau, Kazakhstan. By Irina I. Kokoreva. 39 Growth of tree roots under heavy metal (Pb-) stress. By Siegmar- W. Breckle. Ill Plant root sytems in deserts and semi-deserts Root growth and root architecture of non-halophytes under saline soil conditions. By Siegmar- W. Breckle. 44 The anatomical root structure of Kochia prostrata (L.) Scrad. By Monika Sobotik. 48 Root systems of Eremurus (Liliaceae) in culture. By Madina A. Akhmetova. 53 Root system formation of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (seabuckthorn).By Raisa Tu rekhanova. 57 Root growth and water uptake in a desert sand dune ecosystem. By Maik Ve ste & Siegmar­ 59 W. Breckle. Root morphology and ontogenesis of some common plant species in Trans-Ili Alatau, Kazakhstan. By Naschtay M. Mukhitdinov & Saule T. Aitakova. 65 Root respiration of Pancratium sickenbergeri - a desert geophyte of the Negev. By Maik Ve ste & Siegmar-W. Breckle. 68 Early stages of lateral root development in Tr iticum aestivum L. By Kirill N. Demchenko 71 & Nikolai P. Demchenko. Acta Phytogeogr. Suec. 81 IV Plant root systems in mountainous areas Root distribution in some alpine plants. By Erwin Lichtenegger. 76 Root distribution of natural vegetation at high altitudes in Pamiro-Alai in Tajikistan. By Khurshed K. Karimov & Yu ri I. Molotkovski. 83 Root structure of plants in the Zailiisky Alatau Range, Kazakhstan. By Svetlana G. Nesterova. 86 Root development of Ostrowskia magnifica Re gel, a rare species in Kazakhstan. By Nazira K. Zhaparova. 88 Root development of Fritillaria sewerzowii Regel (Liliaceae) in Tien Shan, Kazakhstan. By Anna A. lvaschenko. 92 V Physiological and ecophysiological processes in root sytems Growth of seedling roots under hydration - dehydration regimes. By Natalie V. Obroucheva & Olga V. Antipova. 95 Root development in maize exposed to an excess of water. By Galina M. Grinieva & Ta tiana V. Bragina. 98 Effects of water stress on the roots of Pisum sativum L. (pea) seedlings and tolerance of meristematic tissues to dehydration. By Donato Chiatante, Lucia Maiuro & Gabriella Stefania Scippa. 101 Uptake and mobility of lead in Urtica dioica. By Ferenc Fodor, Edit Cseh, Diep Dao Thi Phuong & Gy Zdray. 106 Use of minirhizotrons to study wheat rooting. By lames E. Box, Jr. 109 Release of cation binding compounds from maize roots under osmotic shock. By Nelly A. Kuzembaeva & Batyrbek A. Sarsenbaev. 113 Morphological investigations of maize (Zea mays L.) root systems. By Elena M. Shubenko. 116 VI Mycorrhiza Pathways, mechanisms and efficiency of phosphate transfer in vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal roots. By F. Andrew Smith & Sally E. Smith. 119 Subject Index 126 Introduction Plant roots serve a multitude of important functions in workers from many disciplines to discuss research done ecosystems. They are structurally complex organs, inti­ on roots under both laboratory (artificial systems) and mately associated with a range of micro-organisms, some field conditions (natural vegetation). The object of this of which are harmfulto, while others are beneficial for the symposium was, furthermore, to outline the present state plant. The rhizosphere, the root-soil interface, is the site of root research, in particular in the countries of the where the interactions between the plant root system and former USSR, and to point out directions for future re­ the soil occur. Roots are responsible for a major source of search. Traditionally, root research has been developed carbon and mineral nutrient flow to the soil and are of extensively in many of these countries and, for western considerable importance at the single plant level, as well root scientists, it was important to get information about as at the ecosystem level. Root development is influenced the present state of art of the research. by various climatic factors and often modified or strength­ ened by human activities. The reason for the diversity in The organizers were very pleased with the response to plant root systems may be a result of an adaption to the the announcement of this symposium, in spite of the fact most effective performance (i.e. in the acquisition of that several interested scientists could, unfortunately, not water and dissolved ions, anchorage, storage, propagation attend the symposium because of economical difficulties. or disposal) required under different environmental con­ The symposium programme was based on a number of ditions. It is important to distinguish between roots (indi­ important themes, viz.: vidual root members) and their integration in different root systems. - Root anatomy and morphology; - Root systems of desert and mountain plants; A series of international root symposia have been - Root physiology; organized by ISRR (the International Society of Root - Root systems of forest plants; Research) focusing on plant root research. The fourth - Mycorrhizal research. symposium, which was held at Almaty, in the Republic of Kazakhstan, 5-1 1 September 1994, dealt with "Root sys­ The symposium benefited greatly from the presence tems and natural vegetation". The present proceedings are of many leading root scientists, both at the symposium the result of this symposium. They are based on a number and on excursions within Kazakhstan. We hope that the of oral and poster presentations, which address recent result of this symposium will lead to a better understand­ developments in basic and applied root research. The ing of plant root systems and stimulate co-operation and symposium succeeded in bringing together root research further research on roots, rhizosphere and related topics. Hans Persson and Isa 0. Baitulin Acta Phytogeogr. Suec. 81 6 Bse�eHm:e Kopn11: pacTeHJIIft, cKphiThie OT B3opa B rroqse, rrorreBhiX ycrros1I.Hx. 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  • The Effects of Different Hormones and Their Doses on Rooting of Stem Cuttings in Anatolian Sage (Salvia Fruticosa Mill.)

    The Effects of Different Hormones and Their Doses on Rooting of Stem Cuttings in Anatolian Sage (Salvia Fruticosa Mill.)

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect APCBEE Procedia 8 ( 2014 ) 348 – 353 2013 4th International Conference on Agriculture and Animal Science (CAAS 2013) 2013 3rd International Conference on Asia Agriculture and Animal (ICAAA 2013) The Effects of Different Hormones and Their Doses on Rooting of Stem Cuttings in Anatolian Sage (Salvia Fruticosa Mill.) A.Canan SAĞLAM a,*, Seviye YAVERa, İsmet BAŞERa, Latif CİNKILIÇb, aNamık Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü, Tekirdağ bNamık Kemal Üniversitesi Çorlu meslek Yüksek Okulu, Tekirdağ Abstract In this research, three different hormones and five different hormone dosages were applied on cuttings were taken from Anatolian sage plants (Salvia fruticosa Mill.) before flowering period. NAA, IBA (0, 60, 120, 180, 240 ppm) and IAA hormones (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 ppm) were prepared by dissolving in distilled water. Stem cuttings were kept in hormone solution for 24 hours and they were planted in perlit medium under greenhouse conditions. After a month, the number of rooted stem cutting, the number of root per stem cuttings, root length and root weight were determined on stem cuttings. Rooting was observed in all of the cuttings for both samples to which hormone was applied and to which hormone was not applied. According to the result of the variance analysis, the effects of the hormones and hormone doses on the examined characters were found significant as statistically. According to the results obtained, IAA application increased root number considerably. While high hormone dose applications caused the notable increase in root weight and root number in all of three hormones, low hormone applications did not affect root length.
  • Why Is the Alpine Flora Comparatively Robust Against Climatic Warming?

    Why Is the Alpine Flora Comparatively Robust Against Climatic Warming?

    diversity Review Why Is the Alpine Flora Comparatively Robust against Climatic Warming? Christian Körner * and Erika Hiltbrunner Department of Environmental Sciences, Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The alpine belt hosts the treeless vegetation above the high elevation climatic treeline. The way alpine plants manage to thrive in a climate that prevents tree growth is through small stature, apt seasonal development, and ‘managing’ the microclimate near the ground surface. Nested in a mosaic of micro-environmental conditions, these plants are in a unique position by a close-by neighborhood of strongly diverging microhabitats. The range of adjacent thermal niches that the alpine environment provides is exceeding the worst climate warming scenarios. The provided mountains are high and large enough, these are conditions that cause alpine plant species diversity to be robust against climatic change. However, the areal extent of certain habitat types will shrink as isotherms move upslope, with the potential areal loss by the advance of the treeline by far outranging the gain in new land by glacier retreat globally. Keywords: biodiversity; high-elevation; mountains; phenology; snow; species distribution; treeline; topography; vegetation; warming Citation: Körner, C.; Hiltbrunner, E. Why Is the Alpine Flora Comparatively Robust against 1. Introduction Climatic Warming? Diversity 2021, 13, The alpine world covers a small land fraction, simply since mountains get narrower 383. https://doi.org/10.3390/ with elevation [1]. Globally, 2.6% of the terrestrial area outside Antarctica meets the criteria d13080383 for ‘alpine’ [2,3], a terrain still including a lot of barren or glaciated areas, with the actual plant covered area closer to 2% (an example for the Eastern Alps in [4]).
  • Genetic Diversity and Evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae)

    Genetic Diversity and Evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae)

    Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) from phylogeny to molecular breeding Zhen Wei Thesis committee Promotor Prof. Dr M.E. Schranz Professor of Biosystematics Wageningen University Other members Prof. Dr P.C. Struik, Wageningen University Dr N. Kilian, Free University of Berlin, Germany Dr R. van Treuren, Wageningen University Dr M.J.W. Jeuken, Wageningen University This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School of Experimental Plant Sciences. Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) from phylogeny to molecular breeding Zhen Wei Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. Dr A.P.J. Mol, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Monday 25 January 2016 at 1.30 p.m. in the Aula. Zhen Wei Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) - from phylogeny to molecular breeding, 210 pages. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2016) With references, with summary in Dutch and English ISBN 978-94-6257-614-8 Contents Chapter 1 General introduction 7 Chapter 2 Phylogenetic relationships within Lactuca L. (Asteraceae), including African species, based on chloroplast DNA sequence comparisons* 31 Chapter 3 Phylogenetic analysis of Lactuca L. and closely related genera (Asteraceae), using complete chloroplast genomes and nuclear rDNA sequences 99 Chapter 4 A mixed model QTL analysis for salt tolerance in