millions of black women in ability to successfully resolve North America. The constant or deal with life circumstances. “Why Are depiction of being irate and The physical of black unpredictable has caused many womens suppressed emotion women of colour to suffer in are also very telling. In 2006 it You So silence in fear of their was shown that 32% African emotions may be taken as American woman suffered anger. According to Thomas from hypertension compared to and González women on 24% of caucasian women and Mad? colour most often have feelings 25% of African American Since the dawn of of powerlessness because of males. Only 51% of African time black women have always racial and gender biases as well American Woman reported had the same nagging question as increase of volume and very good/excellent health constantly repeated at them. everyone comes running while 63% caucasian women The minute an ounce of asking”Why are you so mad?” reported excellent health. agitation is sensed or the Black woman have Oppositely 19% of African slightest and is still a popular been portrayed as sassy, American women claimed to cliché in popular shows like attitude giving, neck rolling, have poor health while 12% of Lee Daniels Empire.There emasculating creatures for at caucasian women reported to even reality tv shows based on least eighty years limited have fair to poor health. lives of these like Love and access to resource. These So what needs to be Hip-Hop and The real feelings are then internalized done to dispel the angry black Housewives of Atlanta. The and because black women are woman narrative?The solution long history of this controlling supposed to be the pillar of is to allow black women to image much like anything strength and endurance there is express their emotions and involving race goes back to the an expectation that they must feelings free of judgment and Jim Crow Era. cope with the situation. Black scrutiny. One black women Initially black female women often feel they are feel they are able to express workers were portrayed as unable to express frustration or themselves freely any quick witted, tough, with a anger because of social fears of environment just like anyone whole lot of attitude from the being labeled as well as the else with the internalized 1800s to the mid 1900s in cultural expectation of being feelings of inadequacy and order to show the general strong and independent. The powerlessness will be able public the segregation and lack of expression often leads diminish.Secondly black slavery as a whole was not as black women to suffer women must feel like they are bad and oppressive. If black internally with health able to seek adequate female help and slaves were problems, stress and depression professional help by those they able to have such attitudes and and they may have internalized feel will be able to understand freedom to speak to their white thoughts of inadequateness the full scope of their owners or employers. It was because they are- unable to experiences of both racism and used to show that these black handle a situation. sexism. If they do not women were accepted and part Stereotyping all black understood by clinical of the family therefore their women as angry passses the professionals they may not free speech was warranted. judgement that the struggles seek help because they are This was at a time when a that these women face unable to relate to their specific person of colour could be everyday as trivial and circumstances of beaten, jailed or even killed for insignificant. It result in a intersectionality. arguing, talking back or even misinterpretation and alteration looking wrongly at a white for their actual feeling and person. The tactic was in experiences. It dehumanizes essence to divert peoples and silences women of colour attention of what was really by blaming them for their b happening with a false image experiences of both sexism and of acceptance and harmonious racism.They are denied or living. given limited access to The real life resources because their consequences of such a frustration is taken as anger negative stereotype have and as a result often leaves greatly affected the lives of black women with reduced
I’m Black and Not Beautiful Jessica Akintomide
All too often black women are made to had “good” loose curly and fine “bad” thick and seem as the “beast” when it comes to their bodies coarse hair. Thing like this are not only just skin and appearances. Whether it be Michelle Obama, a deep they are also linked to things like beautiful dark skinned woman being called and employability. On average women who are more “ape in heels”, or Serena Williams who has a body likely to be employed rather than a woman who that anyone would wish for all being called a man. embraces her natural coils. Back in 1988 there was For Black women and especially those who are a highly publicized incident where a black woman darker skinned, society's obsession for eurocentric was fired because she had worn her hair i braids. features and white beauty standards often leaves Her supervisors deemed the hair style “ extreme them being seen as ugly and unattractive. Like all and unusual”. that have to do with race there is a root in slavery, The all to popular line that many darker there has always been an obsession with black skinned women hear “ You’re pretty for a dark bodies and often mocking the features of black skinned girl” is probably the most damaging. For women. For centuries black women's bodies have many women with darker skin the realities of these been seen as abnormal and extra-ordinary because eurocentric ideals suffer the most “ studies suggest it was so outside what white people had ever seen. that black girls with darker skin may be more The full figure, thick hair and plump lips were so vulnerable than their lighter-skin peers to negative abnormal for many that black women would often messages from the media about be on display and mocked by white members of their physical appearance and attractiveness, which society. Fast forward to the 1950s with the Brown can lead to long-term risky behaviors” says Susan vs. The Board of education case and the fight for Bryant. The lack of representation for darker desegregation in schools. Dr Kenneth Clark skinned women in positive roles in televisions and conducted the influential doll test in which he ge movies gives young black girls no roles models in got a sample group black children aged between six which they can see themselves in. Darker skinned and nine. He presented the children with two dolls, women are often portrayed as unattractive, one white and the other black and asked them a belligerent and lacking sensuality by many popular series of question and statements like “Give me the shows and movies even today. These negative doll that looks like you”. Astonishingly 44% of images are then internalized by both dark skinned black children believed that they looked like the women who will grow to see themselves as white doll rather than the black one. The study has unattractive and unwanted but also by the rest of been re-done over again in recent years with very the population who may view darker skinned little change. Many young black girl aspire to the women as undesirable. beauty of white women which is incredibly So what can be done to help show the problematic “These consequences may be diversity in beauty for not only black black women particularly problematic for but every minority group. The lack of positive Black women who aspire to a White standard of imagery and role models for young black girls to beauty because the standard is look up has serious negative impacts when it comes difficult to achieve due to physiognomic to self worth and perception. There needs to be differences” say Makker and Strude. Black women more representation of something other that thin result into dangerous practices in order to achieve white women so that people will be able to find whiteness through skin bleaching with cancer beauty in other features and aspect of what is in causing chemicals and especially through perming society. When one face is constantly being pushed and relaxing hair which is sadly a large business in as beauty it gives no opportunities for other many countries. features characteristics, and bodies to be seen as Chemically altering their hair texture is beautiful. There not only has to be a societal one of the most predominant steps that many black change there needs to be a change within black women take in order to fit the flowing, and straight homes. There needs to be constant reassurance for hair or white women.Many black women reject black girls especially darker skinned girls that their their natural hair texture because of the internalized features are beautiful and they there is no chemical self hate that exists within them. For many black on this earth that can emulate a black girls girl from a young age they are told whether that magic.The black community must see the beauty in
every 4C stand and every drop of melanin that has been poured upon them ““pride in the race is taught and stressed, . . . [but] admiration and success seems to be accorded to those, who have adapted their lives and looks to the majority standard” and that is is what exactly need to be changed. There must be self love for one's features whether it be a wide set nose or large kinky afro, self love must be place in ones on features and communities so that the cycle of european beauty standards being the
pinnacle of break to end.
clothes and car rims. She illustrate his criticism of the woman that milks the Social Welfare programs government assistance for in the US. every pen she can. Also This stereotype has she is pointed as being roots in both race and incapable of She is the gender and has become a woman responsible for the standard cultural bias and government’s failure to that society often made balance federal budgets assumptions between through fraud and race, gender, and poverty. manipulation. The twist is that most of raising her children without the women collecting government intervention government assistance in and support. I know right? those times were white, “The Famous A lot of definitions that however our society Welfare Queen” describe the Welfare always finds a way to put Queen stereotype. the stigma on the black
women for her situation.
But why is it so? Where did this stereotype How can a black
originate from?. The women diminish this One of the Welfare queen Stereotype stereotype?, controlled images that Originated around the The generation of black have been targeted to Ronald Regan era, when women assert strongly, to black women is “The he was running for no one but themselves. Welfare Queen”. You are president in the 1970’s. That they will NOT probably asking yourself The term was official in become teen mothers, Where did it originate 1974 by a newspaper attend post secondary from? What is the meaning author Named George school and become behind that name?,What Bliss. Who discovered the financially independent. So can we do to diminish this African American woman that no black women will stereotype?. Well let’s named Linda Taylor, who be called a Welfare break it down, shall we?. was known as a criminal Queen, but will be praised who committed extensive for her hard work and The “Welfare Queen” is welfare fraud and was perseverance that has described as a woman identified as “The Welfare produced a black woman who is lazy, jobless, Queen”. who is strong, educated unmarried with many She was charged with and ambitious. children from different committing 8,000 in fraud baby daddies. She has no and having four aliases. desire to work but content She was sentenced to two to live off the state, but to six years in prison. The uses those funds that is story of Linda Taylor was wasted on designer, used by Ronald Reagan to This image was orchestrated their little worries. But in a long before the big black society that finds little to African American women praise in black women, other who have made history such groups’ appreciation for as Michelle Obama, Oprah perceived black female Winfrey, Beyonce. Let’s find strength can feel like a out when all this begun, shall reductive appreciation. we? Strength becomes one of few positive adjectives black This stereotype was women can own. This originated based on a controlling image is designed character from the 1950 to oppress women of color by show called “Amos & Andy stripping their humanity and Show”. The character of forcing them into labels that Saphire was played as the don’t encompass the fullness angry, hostile, aggressive, of who they are. Many african The Black nagging wife of a dishonest, American Woman are unsure lazy and pretentious african about the “strong” label, and Independent american man named not because of how we look Kingfish. Their relationship through society’s eyes. The Women a.k.a wasn’t the ideal because label also misshape how they Kingfish’s inability pursuit of view themselves and , more the “Saphire” flawed schemes to get rich, important, how they take care directed at the exploitation of or fail to take care of his friend Andy, and his themselves. failure at those schemes, inability to provide for his In other terms, to get family and refusal to take rid of this stereotype, it is just I’m sure you must have heard ordinary work. Saphire and throwing it away and regain the famous song called her mother were presented their full and complex “Independent Women” by as the successful humanity, one that allows destiny’s child. If yes! Then breadwinner and as angry, them to be capable, strong, you would know what is this castrating women, when the and independent but also to next stereotype about. What cultural “norm”was to be the be carried and cared for media as given another opposite. themselves. The black stigma towards black women women should embrace called This controlling themselves as a The independent image can be confused with characteristic that make them black women also known as “ the angry black woman, as it unique.; It is simply a The Saphire”. Society as is a mixture of both characteristic that makes labeled her as a narcissistic, controlling image. But the them unique as a black financially successful woman black independent woman is women. who emasculates black known for not falling for all of males in her life. She’s a the brainwashing women that pays her own mechanisms of Society that bills, own things and does not teaches young girls to be allow a man to affect her dependent on and wait for a stability or self-confidence. prince charming to come and sweep them away from all of “The Welfare Queen has been portrayed as the black women who milks out the government's money.. But is that the truth of all black women who receives welfare from the gouvernement? Is it truly their reality?”
Meet the Jezebel...
A hyper sexual women with an uncontrolable horniness. Jezebel is characterized as the African American women who are overly sexualized, aggressive, uncaring ,and as a women who will use her sexuality to manipulate and get her way in life. The Jezebel is seen immoral and carries no qualities that are worth loving, besides her hot body. Also, The stereotypical jezebel lusted after , lured and cajoled white men, and thus bore the responsibility for interracial sexual encounters. The Jezebel stereotype was used during slavery as a rationalization for sexual relations between white men and black, especially sexual union involving slavers and slaves. White males foster this image of African Women during slavery to excuse their sexual abuse and rape of these women, The stereotype was created to carry on the sexual exploitation these women endured in ways, making them reasonable for their own victimization. Jezebel's were not seen as people. They were seen as sexual animals that couldn’t help it when their sexual desires got the best of them. This stereotype can with major impacts, It was responsible for justifying the rape and sexual abuse of women, after all, it would be impossible to rape women that promiscuous . Slave women were property because of this any sexual assault endured didn’t matter ; Therefore, black women could not be legally raped. Often slavers would offer gifts or promises of reduced labor if the slave women could contest to sexual relations, and there were instances where the slaver and slave shared sexual attractions. By labelling the female slave Jezebel, the master’s sexual abuse was justified by presenting her as women who deserved attention. Today, the Jezebel stereotype prevails through gangster rappers like Lil Kim and Foxy Brown what to next to nothing in their music videos, CD Covers and in picture that accompany interviews given by them in magazine. This women, Tv producers , writers, photography executives, etc. exploit the sexualized image of African American Women...
The everyday Jezebel is seen through one of the most influential items in mainstream society, music. Hip hop is a major park of American American culture. Hip hop is used to express struggles and accomplishments in a creative outlet. Hip hop artist have a popular trend of using black women as props in music videos because their bodies are seen as sexual and. Or animalistic. The use of music videos , lyrics and movies in the hip hop culture further push the agenda of keeping black women in a box.
The vocabulary in rap music is similar to the derogatory terms used in the era of slavary, just in different forms.
Instead the term Jezebel, has been replace by a number of terms, still referring to black women in a poor manner. The terms are
Bitches , Hoes , and a Sluts . The terminology used in rap music applies to women as a sign of disrespect. These lyrics make listeners assume these women are usually capable of using their sexuality for all it’s worth.
Example Lyrics : I’m pimpin’ hoes on Sunday.
I’m the kind of nigga you’ll work all night fo’. . .
Wanna see how much pussy these hoes can sell.
It’s like hypnosis, I pimps your mother, I pimps yo sis’
Hoes be nothin’ but slaves for me, ready to go to their graves for
me. (Too Short, Pimp Me)
Hip Hop Music Videos are the most accessible images of black womanhood today. Currently, Hip-Hop is the main genre of rotation on MTV and BET. Music Videos provide and important visual cue for selling music and creating images, these videos drive mainstream Hip Hop culture more the the genre itself. The Video Vixen is possibly themes marked image of the black female in mainstream hip hop. It has taken a toll on younge girls who watch these women in music videos because to fit
into society you have dress a certain way, sexualize yourself in a certain way, and look a certain way.
Let’s talk about the Mammy...
After Slavery ended, the system was in need of support coming from domestic workers. There was a myth that carried on that the sexually available black women were not fit for the job. The position required some time of proximity between black women and white families that employed them. A seductive, exotic women at the time known as a Jezebel would threaten the stability of white families. Families were looking for an asexual, competent, devoted servant was ideal. Thus, the term Mammy was created. Mammy is described to be docile and maternal, she is remembered as big, fat, soft, dark skinned and unfeminine. White mistresses were secure about having the mammy up and about the home because she was no threat to her husband’s fidelity. African American women as mammies served to challenge critics who argues that slavery was harsh and demanding, mammies were known for being constantly happy with their duties as servants. The mammy was generally poorly educated, but has an abundant common sense especially in her domestic duties. . The slave Mammy was invariably cast as super loyal to her white family. She was a trusted advisor and confidante whose skills were used exclusively in service of the white families to which she was attached. Her love, advice, correction and supervision were received exclusively for white women and children. Her loyal affection for white women and children was entirely important than sexual desire and the motherhood of her own family. Mammy’s carry the personality trait of being strong-willed which makes them able to the needs of others before their own. Their lives revolve around others, leaving little room for their personal growth or happiness. When African American Women interline this stereotype, they believe they must be self-sacrificing to the point of complete personal neglect and to the point of complete personal neglect and deflection. They’re often depicted as unattractive and over protective of their children, which alienates men. Everyone’s needs are automatically deemed more important than her own. In American popular culture, black women often appear among white women as magical figures. The Mammy stereotype is still live and current today. The Mammy is displayed today through Modern TV and Movies living through some of our favorite characters .. (continued on next page) -By Donnique Reeves Madea/Mable Simmons is a current popular figure in media represents historically stereotypical traits of African American women. She is tall, brown-skinned, and a mature woman. Her character displays multiple Mammy characteristics in a form of comedic relief. Madea’s character is considered the leader and looked to by her other family members for advice and help. She instills fearful threats of physical violence to obtain power within her family structure. Madea also shows Mammy characteristics through her nurturing and encouraging nature. In Madea’s big happy family , her foster daughter Nicki shows her a grade of a B. Nicki is feeling down because her grade was not as good as others in her class. Madea lets her know she did that work all on her own and with that perseverance, she has the ability to go to college. She encourages Nicki to think positively and not think mediocrely of herself. In Diary of a mad black woman , Madea is seen giving comfort through food and security, by giving a homeless drug-addict a plate full of food. Although Medea has no control over the women and her life choices she has control over what she eats.
Playing an esteemed black female general surgeon in a hospital on television is a great accomplishment to black actresses everywhere. Miranda Bailey is off the very popular show Grey’s Anatomy. She works at Seattle Grace Hospital as an esteemed General Surgeon. She is known as the Nazi for her harsh personality and her straightforward attitude. Miranda displays popular Mammy character traits throughout her role. Firstly, Miranda is overweight and preserved as asexual. During Episode 5, in season 2, Miranda reveals to her college Derek Shepherd she has been married for 10 years that day. The information comes as a complete surprise to Shepherd. Her job as a resident taking care of the interns Meredith, Izzie, Cristina, Alex, and George. She is the one they confide in for personal and work related advice. Miranda is harsh on them but is also very supportive and understanding. She wants them to become the best surgeons they can She gives them words of encouragement when teaching so interns can feel more at ease when performing surgery.
Olivia Pope embodies many of these mammy personality traits professionally. Olivia job as a fixer, can also be classified as the traditional mammy. Olivia works with rich white people and does whatever it takes to make sure her clients get what they want. (Similar to the mammy providing service to her Owner's.) A step up from the Mammy, She is paid large amounts of money to clean up their mess no questions asked, no matter what it takes. Both the Mammy and Pope, neglect their own personal well-being and family in order to satisfy the clients and slave their problem. A prime example of when Olivia displays her mammy characteristic is by taking in a person she barely knows into her home just to she can protect her. Amanda Tanner threats to go to the press with the true accusation that President Grant had an affair with her while she was working as the white house. To protect her safety Olivia, offered her a place to stay safe. Clear expression of Mammy Characteristics -By: Donnique Reeves
In a world where black women have so many stereotypes built against them, so many controlling images forced upon them. Can a black woman simply be seen for who she is as an individual? 1
1 Arie, S.I., Ramsey, A., & Sanders, S. (2006). I am not my hair. [Recorded by Aerie, I.]. Testimony: Vol. 1, Life & Relationship [CD].United States:Motown Records.
Eastern Perspectives on Black Women
There are many stereotypes that have been formed around Black women that are present in the Western society. These stereotypes are often beauty related, or revolve around controlling images such as “the angry Black woman”, the jezebel, and the mammy. It is not uncommon to see these images of Black women perpetuating in society and reinforced by the media here in North American, but what about worldwide? When taking a look at Eastern society, some of the stereotypes that have been formed around Black women are heavily reliant on the controlling images that exist in American media. Through questioning some individuals who currently live in Asia, I learned that the majority of stereotypes found there stem from the populations being mostly homogeneous, and lacking racial diversity. In countries such as China, and South Korea where there is a lack of immigration, the only exposure that the majority of individuals possess of other races comes from American media and pop culture. Celebrities such as Beyonce, and Nicki Minaj are people that are more likely to be widely known. However, in a new cultural setting where these celebrities are deemed to be revealing and provocative, it is easy for the “Jezebel” image to become attached and associated with all Black woman.
Another stereotype found in Asia that is associated with Black women, is one relating to beauty standards. Within several Asian countries, fair skin is valued and considered an ideal beauty standard amongst women. So in Eastern society where there is already a lack of diversity, and representation of Black women within their media, it is very easy to deem Black women as unbeautiful. Therefore, it is very clear that the stereotypes of Black women that exist today reinforced in American media are extremely harmful and damaging to the image of Black women. Not only do they infleunce how we are perceived here in our own society on a daily basis, but they also heavily infleunce the perceptions that are formed about us worldwide.
If Black women continue to be represented negatively in the media, then it is more likely they will continue to be viewed negatively worldwide. SPOKEN TRUTHS: A PERSONAL EXPERIENCE
Throughout my life, I can recall several instances where people have made presumptions based on my African American hair. The most common one being that my hair was fake, simply because I as a Black woman, had long hair. This stereotype that Black women cannot and do not have long hair, is one that has followed me all throughout my life. From the daily microaggressions I would receive from individuals, questioning me on whether or not my hair was real as they attempted to pay me a compliment. Or having my hair and scalp felt up for extensions by family members; fellow Black women, who had been mislead to believe that a Black woman’s hair could not grow long. Because if it’s long it must be fake, right? Not only is this an inaccurate stereotype that perpetuates in society today, but it has also been so deeply embedded in the beliefs and perceptions of others, that it is not uncommon for Black women themselves to have formed this misconception.
So where does this stereotype stem from? And why is there so much astonishment around the idea of a Black woman having long hair? In a world where most individuals lack knowledge about Black hair, most of the misconceptions or ideas that people gather stem from the media, or the fact that some Black celebrities are known to wear weaves and wigs. However, these two hairstyles not only fail to represent the diversity of hairstyles worn by Black women, but also fail to depict the true length of a Black woman’s hair. Just because an individual chooses to wear a wig, or weave, does not mean that they themselves do not possess long hair or the ability to grow long hair. At the end of the day, this is a very harmful stereotype that not only affects how other people perceive Black women, but also how we as Black women perceive ourselves. Throughout history, society has deemed Black women as less beautiful, and less desirable; Our hair as short, nappy, and unattractive. And within the past, African American hair has been forcefully deemed to makeup part our social identities. So before making any assumptions when you see a Black woman’s hair, my advice is to stop, think, and reflect. Ask yourself whether or not your thoughts have been infleunced by preexisting stereotypes. Girl Talk
With Dr. Yolanda Barnes
Dear Dr.Yolanda, I'm 27 years old. Single, have a great career and everything else on the track. But one of the problems I find hard to deal with is the stigma of the independent black woman in the dating area. Most black men whom I've encountered, have said that they would rather date another race than their own kind because they find that they are overly independent, way too financially stable, higher education has achieved so much and thought that they cannot meet my standards. When does it become too much for the independent black women to become independent? Or do we overdo it? Sincerely, Tanya
A: Hi Tanya, First of all, I would like to congratulate you for achieving the most of what you've worked hard for. Honestly speaking, this issue only does not have to deal with race but also gender socialization. Men feel that they should have that sense of power over the women, that is the cultural norm that we've been taught since the beginning of time.Nobody can tell you that you are too independent, or less independent. Do what you desire, there will eventually be somebody out there that will respect your hustle and your sense of independence.
Dear Dr.Yolanda, I’m, 17 years old and I've lived in a predominantly white neighborhood for the last 5 years. Since the eighth grade i've usually been the only in a majority of my classes and because of this i’ve had to deal with a lot of microaggressions over the years and people invading my personal space by people touching my hair and skin. Im currently in the eleventh grade and taking a fitness course where yet again I am the only black girl and while I was in the changing a few of the white girls were asking me if I could twerk and rap. I felt extremely offended and didn't know what to do so I ignored it. What should I do the next time I have an experience similar to this. From, Jazmine
Well Jazmine, I think the first thing you need to do the next time you are faced in that kind of situation is to educate. Start of by telling whoever it may be that even though they may not meant to offend you that it did. It is not about the intent rather it is about the impact that those words had on you. You should use that opportunity to make them aware of the microaggressions that you are feeling because they may be completely oblivious and ignorant to it. Take the chance to educate people on their wrongs so that they do not repeat. It is about disturbing the cycle in its tracks. Dear Dr. Yolanda, I am 18 Years old and in my first year of University. In my larger group of friends I am the only black girl. We have large heated discussion all the time as a group, where options are being shared back and forth. I often try to ignore sharing my opinion because when I get into certain topics, I get really passionate and talk firmly. One Evening We were talking about OSAP and if the money provided is really even worth taking. Because I would not be in school without the help of OSAP I became passionate and started to explain what OSAP has done for me and my family. In the middle of me talking I WAS CUT OFF because my roommate claimed I was screaming and being extremely aggressive, I explained to her I was not yelling and simply stopped my point. Should I continue to stay in silence because of my fear of being the “ Angry Black Girl “ or should I speak my mind more often and not care what people think? Sincerely, Zauwana
Hey Zauwana, For starters Beautiful name! I think you should speak your mind more often without living in fear of what people think ! Your opinion is a powerful thing that deserves to be shared with everyone as long as its for good. Their thoughts shouldn't matter to you. Eventually they will get to know you better and realize that you are just extremely passionate about certain subjects. Be the best you that you can be and that includes speaking your mind. A BLACK WOMAN.
Can a Black woman truly be defined? Is there something specific that makes her appear angry, rather than kind?
Is the sight of a Black woman automatically a provocative scene? Does her hair and skin scream to be demeaned?
Is she unworthy because of who you’ve deemed she is? Can her objectification truly not be viewed amiss?
I am a Black woman, I cannot be defined.
My skin, my kinks, my curls, will not be labelled unkind. I am not your jezebel, your mammy, your exotic queen.
I am a Black woman, But I refuse to be unseen.
.
Written by Iesha Ballah Citations Jessica Akintomide: 104614411
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