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Home , Circomphalus, Clavagellidae, Cryptodonta, Fimbriidae, Fordilla, Hippurites

Index of subjects

Page numbers in italics refer to figures; those in bold type to tables.

abdominal sense organ 49, 50 bio-indicators, mussels as 469-476 abfrontal surface 273-278 biodiversity, mussels as indicators 469, 470 acrosomal complex 170 biofouling 474 acrosomes 176, 177, 181 biogeography, Mytilus galloprovincialis 389-397 Pteriomorphia 182 bird predation, on Ensis directus 459-464 tridacnids 193, 197, 198 bivalve size, seep communities 238-239 actinodonty 61 bootstrap test 117 Adams consensus tree, Palaeozoic taxa 55 tree, 119 adductor muscle 47, 59 branch swapping 24, 35 Lucinidae 210, 217-218 Bray-Curtis analysis 380, 381,382,384 adoral sense organ 50 brooding 171, 184 Aequipecten opercularis, and palaeoenvironments 425-439 Buckhorn Asphalt 291-301 allele frequencies, Mytilus galloprovincialis 389, 390, map 292 391,393, 394 burrowing depth allometrics 403,406-407,421 and flesh growth 452 allozyme studies 153, 389 Macoma balthica 451-458, 453, 454, 455 ammonites 234 burrowing habit anaerobic capability 209 anomalodesmatans 129 12, 21, 25, 53 chemosymbionts 209, 222 carnivory 132, 133 byssus characters 133-134, 138, 139 Lyonsiidae 129 cladistic studies 129-143 retention of 89, 466 data matrix 140 scallops 251 evolution 64 Teranota 341 families 129, 130 record 134-136, 135 calcium granules 329-337,331,333, 334 orders 34 calcium phosphate 329, 335-336 phylogeny 339-346 carbon isotopes 430--431 relations 44 carbonate muds 353 lists 130 carnivory strict consensus tree 137 anomalodesmatans 132 superorder 90-91 deep-sea 3 Anomioidea 19, 20, 22, 43 cellulase 267 sperm 170, 183, 185, 186 celluloprismatic structure 115 Antarctica 441-450 cementation aquarium trade 383 evolution of 163 aquasperm 170, 197 bivalves 3, 129, 159-168, 315 aragonite 135 centriolar rootlet 200 Arcoida 55, 92, 169 Cenozoic era 129, 425-436 basal 42 Paleogene 409-4 11, 415,422 clades 59, 60, 65 Neogene 347, 354-358, 400, 412, 415,422 monophyletic 54 character coding, rudists 114-116, 114, 122-123 sperm evidence 184 character definitions 66-71 Arcoidea 64, 92 character state changes 74-75, 138 basal branch 19 characters ligaments 280 Anomalodesmata 133-134, 139 relationships in 23 linked 111-113 sperm 170, 171, 184 Palaeozoic taxa 50-53 Autolamellibranchiata 2, 49, 57, 58 Pteriomorphia 26 subclass 88-92 rudists 111-114, 123-124 chemoreceptors 250 bacteria chemosymbiosis 4, 8, 207-225 sulphur using 86 fossil evidence 220-222 wood digesting 257 cilia, abfrontal 274 bacterial transmission 208,222 cilia density 276 bacteriocytes 207, 210, 211 ciliary currents 258, 262, 263 ballast water 459 cladistic analysis Baltica, bivalves in 82 Anomalodesmata 129-143 behavioural responses 453,456 Pteriomorphia 1 belemnites 234 rudists 116

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, giant 191-205 evolutionary relationships, Spissatella 417 Clavagellidae 129, 132, 314 Evolutionary Species Concept model 149 evolution 324-325 eyes 321-324 pallial 4, 248 cleaning mechanisms 275, 277 Pectinidae 247-255 climate change 6, 355, 357 COI gene 31 facies, and shell shape 415 cold seeps, see seep communities faunal analysis 384-385 collecting dates, Florida Keys 382, 383 filtering efficiency 466 commercial collecting 383 flesh growth, and burrowing depth 452 community structure 469 Florida Current 367 computer models, ligament growth 282-288 Florida Keys contamination 475 bivalve fauna 367-387 continental collision 355 collecting dates 382, 383 convergent evolution 42 data sources 373 coral reefs, as habitats 356 definition 368-369 corals, diversity 351,352, 354 species frequency 380 correspondence analysis 392, 395 species lists 372-379 crabs, predation by 165, 250, 453 foot crevasse habitats 165 Lucinidae 219 ctenidia vermiform 210 Lucinidae 210-211 Fourier analysis 403-406 Teredinidae 258 freshwater communities 3, 159, 329 types 50 current flow, oceanic 355 current scour 419 Gastropoda 11, 25 cypraeids 348 cladistic studies 131 cytochrome C oxidase subunit I 146, 162 monophyly 21, 41 geological timescale 401 data matrix gills Anomalodesmata 140 Anomalodesmata 90 rudists 116 filaments 4 Unionidae 149 filibranch 2, 84, 88, 274 death assemblages 292, 369 Lucinidae 211-212, 211,212 decay indices 35, 41 protobranch 84, 85, 274 demivinculum 310 see also mantle gills deposit feeders 451 glacial cycles 354, 357 Gondwana, bivalves in 82 depositional environments 292-293 depth, species records 381 granule cells 211 digestive systems growth rates 426, 427, 470 growth rings 429, 431,463, 469 Neoteredo reynei 259-261,260, 261,264, 265 Psiloteredo healdi 261-262, 260, 262, 267,268, 269 Gulf Coast 146 Teredinidae 257-27 l Gulf of Mexico Loop Current 382, 385 dinoflagellates 234 Gulf Stream 425,426, 436 discriminant function analyses 414 diversity, and sea surface temperature 363 harmonic bifurcation model 282-284 diversity gradients 347-360, 361-365 heterochrony 403 Southern Hemisphere 352 Heteroconchia diversity pump 357 characterization 59, 61 DNA, see nuclear DNA, rDNA evolution 57 DNA extraction 12, 146, 162 monophyly 42 dredge surveys 368 phylogeny 2, 11, 12, 19, 25 Dry Tortugas 368, 369, 380, 381 superorder 91 dysaerobic habitats 221 12, 21, 43, 54, 55 monophyly 42 East China Sea 348, 350, 352 orders 34 egg jelly layer 184 hinge teeth, ancestral character 48, 49 emersion 474 denticulate teeth 89, 90 endemism 357 rudists 115, 121 Ensis directus, bird predation 459-464, 460, 461 edentulous hinges 51 environmental pollution 474-476 heterotaxodont teeth 53 environments and evolution, mussels 465-478 palaeotaxodont teeth 53 enzyme kinetics 447 pretaxodont teeth 53 Etheriidae 3, 159-168 pseudotaxodont teeth 53 family classification 161 hinges fossil record 161-162 asymmetry 89 polyphyly 163 evolution 309 evolutionary rates 43 larval 5

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homology 113 metabolic cold adaptation 7, 441-450 hydrocarbon sources, Kuhnpasset 240 metabolic rates bivalves 444, 445 Indonesia-Philippines region 350, 353 and temperature 446, 447-448 infaunal taxa 356 metallo-thioneins 336 infaunal-epifaunal reatio 364 metals, trace elements 434-436 inshore facies 92 methanotrophs 228 interstitial water, channeling 209, 219 microgrowth increments 431-434, 431,432, 433, 436 iron, in granules 332-333 microtubules, cycling of 44 l islands, and speciation 355,357 mid-domain effect 348, 352, 354 isotopic compositions 429, 430 mineralization 5 mitochondria Kuhnpasset, map 228 maintenance 447 Kuhnpasset Beds 229, 230, 231 polar fish 441 Kuro Shio Current 350 tridacnid sperm 195 mitochondrial sequences 3, 31 lamello-fibrillar structure 47 Modiomorphidae 4 larvae fossil 235-236 glochidial 160, 164 molecular methods, phylogeny 1, 34-35 shells 303-312, 305, 306, 308 Molluscan phyla 11 lasidium 160, 165 monophyly lateral tooth 51 25, 41 latitudinal gradients 347, 349, 350, 356, 358, 361-365, Gastropoda 21, 41 362, 364 Heteroconchia 42 life habits, Lucinidae 220 Heterodonta 42 ligaments higher taxa 18 differentiation 47 42 duplivincular 5, 49, 280 scaphopods 21 growth patterns 281,282, 285, 286, 287 Unionidae 152 lamellar 5 monoplacophorans 2, 47 Noetiidae 279-289, 283 morphogenesis 283-284 parinvincular 87 morphological phylogenies, Pteriomorphia 12 rudists 115 morphometrics 392, 400, 409 types 49, 51, 52-53 mucocytes 5, 211,274, 276, 277 limestone mounds 229-234, 233, 239 mucopolysaccharides 274, 276, 277 long-branch attraction effect 24, 34, 41, 44 museum collections 385 longitudinal gradients 352-355, 358 mussels lucinid symbionts, species lists 208 and environmental cange 469-476 Lucinidae 4, 18, 25, 207-225 environments and evolution 465-478 adductor muscle 210, 217-218 role in water processing 468 anatomy 209-219 Myoida ctenidia 210-211 phylogeny 12, 21, 42 foot 219 polyphyletic nature of 2, 18, 25, 44 fossil 235 spicules 90 functional summary 219-220 myophores 98, 100, 105, 109 configuration 115 Macoma balthica, burrowing depth 451-458 posterior 113 magnesium and strontium concentrations 434, 435 Mytilus galloprovincialis magnesium/calcium ratios 472 population genetics 389-397 majority rule consensus tree sampling sites 392 Palaeozoic taxa 56 Mytiloidea rudists 118 origins 12 Mantle relationships 19, 22, 23, 26, 43, 64 plicated 210 sperm 170, 178, 179, 184, 186 apertures 218, 218-219 gills 4, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217 Nacre 47 marine sanctuary, Florida Keys 367 neighbour-joining analyses 22, 35, 38 markers 393 neighbour-joining tree, genetic populations 390 mass , K-T boundary event 6 Noetiidae 5, 170, 171 mass mortality 459, 463 ligaments 279-289 maximum likelihood analysis 16, 17, 20 polyphyly 289 higher taxa 21 North Sea Basin 7 Pteriomorphia 22, 26 Northern hemisphere, diversity 348-351 maximum parsimony analysis 35 nuclear DNA, Mytilis galloprovincialis 389-397 mechanoreceptors 250 nuclear morphology 183 Mesozoic era 129-130, 240 nuclear peg 198, 200, 202 229-230, 239-240, 252, 303-311 nutrient pulses, monsoonal 353 66, 97-98, 132, 227-230, 239 nymphae, ligamental 87, 88, 90

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oocytes 192 polyphyly opisthobranchs 217 Etheriidae 163 orders 34 Noetiidae 289 Ostreoidea Unionoidae 145-158 basal 12 population genetics, Mytilus galloprovincialis 389-397 larval shells 303-312, 305, 306, 308 postero-dorsal notch 307 relationships 19, 20, 22, 24, 43 predation sperm 170, 175-178, 185 birds 7, 250 outline shape, evolution of 399-423 and cementation habit 165 oxygen consumption, Antarctic bivalves 442, 443 crabs 7, 250 oxygen isotopes 428--430, 470 fish 251 on mussels 467 palaeoenvironments, evidence from Aequipecten opercularis starfish 249-250 425-439 primary productivity 352, 356 Palaeoheterodonta 54, 55 principal component analysis 406, 407, 408, 409-413, monophyly 42, 160 416, 418-420 orders 34 prodissoconchs 5, 303-311 Palaeotaxodonta 47, 53, 84 programs early 85 BIOMECO 392 evolution 57, 61 CLUSTAL W 16 Palaeozoic era 43, 129-130, 279-280, 342 DCSE 16 41, 47-50, 65, 81 fastDNAml 17, 20 41, 43, 65-66, 81-95, 129 HADTREE 17 65 LINTRE 16 65~i6, 339 MacClade 263 65-66, 291-292 PAUP 17, 20, 35, 53, 133, 149 Palaeozoic taxa 50 PREPARE 17 Adams consensus tree 55 PRIMER 370 characters 50-53 Tree-Rot 17, 35 cladogram 58 TREEVIEW 17 majority rule consensus tree 56 Protobranchia 2, 48, 169 species lists 65-66 orders 34 strict consensus tree 53, 54 phylogeny 12, 18, 21, 25 pallial blood vessel 210, 214, 217, 218 subclass 85-88 pallial canals 100, 111 provincula 303, 308-310 pallial line 48, 51 pseudofaeces 84, 88 pallial tentacles 250 pseudogenes 42 palps pseudohinges 51 food-gathering 85 pseudopillars 115 reduced 210 Pterioidea 2, 12, 19 Panamic-Caribbean region 352, 355 relationships 24, 43 parallel evolution 11 sperm 170, 180, 184, 185 paraphyly, scaphopods 18 Pteriomorphia parsimony analyses 16, 17 acrosomes 182 Unionidae 149-152 characters 26 partial sequences 25 cladistic analysis 1, 11-29, 131 PCR, see polymerase chain reaction early 92 Pectinidae 4, 19, 270 evolution of 47, 48 eyes 247-255 intra-group relationships 23-24, 25-26 Pectinoidea maximum likelihood analysis 22, 26 relationships in 19, 20, 22, 24, 42 monophyly 12 sperm 170, 180-283, 185, 186 morphological phylogenies 12, 13, 26, 27 periostracum, thickness of 85 orders 34 phenotypic plasticity 456-457 Palaeozoic 59 phylogenetic studies phylogenetic studies 2, 11 cladistics in 130-131 species list 14-16, 172-173 higher taxa 18-23 spectral analysis 23 materials and methods 12-13, 16-17 sperm ultrastructure 169-190, 174 phylogenetic taxonomy 153-154 strict consensus tree 20 physiological characters 7 Pinnoidea Queensland-Northern Territory region 351 phylogeny 12, 29, 20, 22, 26 relationships 43 radial canals 100, l l4 sperm 170, 180, 185, 286 rDNA sequences placentae, unionids 153 16S 146 plasticity, phenotypic 456--457 18S 11-29, 31-46, 390 polymerase chain reaction 12-13, 392 28S 26, 31 polymorphic characters 50-51 lengths of 17, 35

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reaction-diffusion model 284-288 Florida Keys 372-379 regional processes 354 lucinid symbionts 208 relative rate test 16, 18, 25 metabolic rates 444 reproductive strategies 307-308 Palaeozoic taxa 65-66 resilium, internal 84 Pteriomorphia 14-16, 172-173 respiration 4, 219 rocky shores 469 rock boring 313, 314 rudists 110 rostroconchs 1 Spissatella 404-405 rudists 2 Unionoida 162 characters 11 l-114, 123-124 species turnover 384 cladistic analysis 106-121 spectral analysis, Pteriomorphia 23 classification 99-106 sperm ultrastructure dentition 115, 121 Pteriomorphia 169-190, 174 families 109 taxonomy and phylogeny 183-186 ligaments 115 Tridacninae 191-205 most parsimonious tree 120 spicules 90 phylogeny 97-127, 108 Spissatella, species lists 404--405 shell symmetry 115 stable isotope data 427-431 species lists 110 starfish 249-250, 467 taxa analysed 106-111 steinkerns 233 stomach types, Teredinidae 258 Scaphopoda 12, 25 strict consensus tree cladistic studies 131 Anomalodesmata 137 monophyly 21 Bivalvia 35, 36, 37, 39, 40 paraphyly 18 higher taxa 19 sea-surface temperature 6, 361 Palaeozoic taxa 53, 54 and diversity 363 pteriomorphs 20 seagrass 208, 250-251 Unionidae 150-151 seasonal growth 43 l, 433-435 Unionoida 163, 164 sediment volumes, and infaunal taxa 356 strombids 348 seep communities 4, 209, 227-246 strontium, see magnesium and strontium bivalve size 238-239 subclasses, Bivalvia 34, 84 selection pressure 399, 419 suborders 34 shape substitution rates 11, 24, 25 evolution of 399-423 sulphide bacteria 4, 209, 228 and size correlation 418 suspension feeding 4 shape analysis 403-406 swimming behaviour 250-252 shell characters symbiosis, see also chemosymbiosis anomalodesmatans 136 Systematics Agenda 2000 145 and life habits 3, 82 shell damage, by birds 461 tabulae 114 shell growth rate 228, 472 tapetum 248 shell sections, Mytilus edulis 471 taxonomic sampling, density of 24 shell shape, and facies 415 Teepee Buttes 230 shell symmetry, rudists 115 teeth shells denticulate 89, 90 aragonite prisms 90 heterotaxodont 53 larval 5 palaeotaxodont 53 microstructure 85-86, 91 pretaxodont 53 nacre 86, 470 pseudotaxodont 53 outer layers 114, 121 temperature prismatic 90, 470 and diversity 352 prismato-nacreous 90 and metabolic rates 446, 447-448 used as tools 465 temperature tolerance 445-446, 446, 448 shipworms 4 Teredinidae 34 , raptorial 132 digestive systems 257-271 siphonal sheath 325 filter feeding 270 Solemyoida 53, 57, 85-88 stomach types 258 origins 87-88 Tethys reduced gut 86 closure 6, 355, 359 Southern hemisphere, diversity 351-352 rudist radiation in 97 speciation events 24 total evidence trees 134, 136 species enrichment, by mussels 468 phylogeny, Unionida 160 species frequency, Florida Keys 380 trace element data 434--436 species introductions 391,463 transition/transversion ratio 24 species lists transmission electron microscopy 170 Anomalodesmata 130 Treatise on Invertebrate , treatment of Bivalvia 32-33 Bivalvia 1, 8

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Tridacnidae 18, 25, 191-205 sister group 18 consensus tree 199, 200, 201 species lists 162 Tridacninae, sperm ultrastructure 191-205,193, 195, strict consensus tree 163,164 196, 197 tropical-temperate divide 351,356 Veneroida Turing models 284 relationships 12, 21, 43, 43, 54 typhlosoles 266, 267 Tridacnidae in 191, 197 vent communities 4, 227 Unionidae data matrix 149 Wadden Sea 459, 462 distribution map 147 water density, variations 353 family 161 water flow 276 intestinal coiling 160 water pumping 275 material 148 water temperature, oxygen isotopes 428 polyphyly 145-158 Wollaston Foreland Group 229, 232 species accounts 154-156 wood 234, 236, 240 Unionoida 3, 5, 12, 25, 42 digestion of 4, 257-258, 267, 270 phylogeny 160 shell microstructure 90 X-ray analysis, calcium granules 332, 335

Systematic Index

Page numbers in italics refer to figures.

Abra aequalis 376 A. media 372 A. lioica 377 Amphitriscoelus waringi 107, 110 Acanthopleura granulata 15 Amusium 186 Acar plicata 14 A. balloti 251,252 Acharax 50, 58 A. laurentii 375 A. (Nacrosolemya) trapezoides 65, 86 A. papyraceum 375 Acila castrensis 32 A. pleuronectes 247, 251 Acostaea 3, 159, 161, 164, 165 Amygdalum 466 Acosteidae 164 A. papyrium 374 A. rivoli 160, 162 A. politum 374 Acrosterigma reeveanum 198, 202 A. sagittatum 374 Acteon tornatilis 217 47, 53, 60 Actinodontoida 49 A. plana 50, 65 Actinodonta 64 Anadara 288 A. cuneata 64, 65, 91 A. baughmani 372 Actinonaias ligamentina 162 A. floridana 372 Adamussium colbecki 252, 428 A. notabilis 372 466 A. ovalis 14, 372 Adula 184, 466 A. transversa 372 A. falcatoides 172 A. trapezia 171,172 Aequipecten glyptus 375 Ananterodonta oretanica 65 A. irradians 173, 180, 251 anatina 374 A. irregularis 250 Anisodoris nobilis 32 A. opercularis 7, 26, 425-439, 426 Anodonta 335 Agriopleura 110, 114, 116, 122 A. cygnea 146, 162 A. blumenbachi 107 A. c. zellensis 333 A. marticensis 107 A. imbecilis 15 Akera bullata 217 Anodontia 208 Alytodonta 64, 92 A. alba 208, 374 A. gibbosa 66 A. edentula 208 Amblema elliotti 152 A. omissa 208, 216 A. plicata 162 A. philippiana 208, 209, 212, 215,217, 374 Ambonychia radiata 66 Anodontites guanarensis 162 Ambonychoidea 55, 59, 92 A. trigonus 162 Americardia guppyi 372 auberiana 378

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Anomia 26 B. obliquata 171, 172 A. ephippium 14 B. virescens 14, 32 A. simplex 372 Barnea truncata 376 A. trapezoides 186 Barrettia monilifera 110, 111,114, 115, 117, 121 A. trigonopsis 173, 175, 183 Bartlettia 161, 165 Anomioidea 19, 20, 22, 43 Basterotia elliptica 33, 377 Antalis inaequicostata 16 B. quadrata 377 A. vulgaris 16 Bathyarca 171 Antillocaprina occidentalis 110, 111, 117 B. glomerula 372 Antillocaprinidae 111 Bathymodiolus 178, 184, 210, 465 Arca 43, 171,280 B. boomerang 465 A. imbricata 372 B. childressi 172 A. noae 14, 23, 26, 32 B. elongatus 172 A. zebra 274, 275, 276, 372 B. puteoserpenyis 172 Arcidae 43, 44, 159, 171 B. thermophilus 172 cornuta 372 Batioladinium longicornutum 234 Arcodonta 85 Biradiolites angulosissimus 110 Arcoida 55, 92, 169 Botula fusca 374 Arcoidea 64, 92 Brachidontes 23, 26, 184 Arcopsis 171 B. domingensis 375 A. adamsi 375 B. exustus 32, 375, 382 islandica 15, 33 B. modiolus 375 Arcticoidea 43 B. rostratus 469 Arcuatula 184 B. semistriatus 172 A. capensis 172 B. variabilis 14 Arenicola marina 447 B. virgiliae 172 Arenigomya 90 Brachiopoda 34 A. carinata 129 Brachtechlamys antillarum 375 Argopecten gibbus 375 Brechites 132, 134, 136, 322 A. irradians 14, 23, 24, 32, 250, 251,375 B. vaginiferus 130 A. lineolaris 375 B. veitchi 317 A. nucleus 375, 382 Brv'opa 313-327 A. purpuratus 250 B. lata 313, 316, 318, 319, 320, 321,323, 324 Arhouriella opheodontoides 49, 82, 83 Buckhornia carteri 294, 295-300, 297, 299 Asaphis deflorata 33, 376 Bursa rana 16 Ascaulocardium 322 Busycon canaliculatum 250 A. armatum 313 B. carica 250 Astarte nana 372 Byssocardium 201 Astartidae 61 Asterias amurensis 250 15, 33 A. forbesi 250 C. eucvmata 378 A. rubens 250, 467 Callucina radians 208 A. vulgaris 250 Calyptogena 208, 210, 236 Asthenothaerus balesi 378 Camptonectes 307 A. hemphilli 378 Camya 82 Astropecten articulatus 250 Cancer irroratus 250 Atreta 307 C. pagurus 250 Atrina 24, 43 C. polydon 250 A. pectinata 14, 32 Caprina adversa 101, 107, 110 A. rigida 14, 376 C. douvillei 101 A. seminuda 376 Caprinidae 122 A. serrata 376 Caprininae 122 A. vexillum 170, 173, 180 Caprinuloidea 103 Aucellina 229 Caprinuloidinae 122 Audouliceras 234 Caprotina 103, 116, 117, 120 Aulacomya 184 C. striata 101, 110, 111 A. ater 172 Carcinus maenas 7, 250, 453,459 Austriella corrugata 209, 216 Cardiidae 24, 41,192, 197, 200 Autobranchia 34, 48, 88, 169 18, 44, 131,192, 201 Autolamellibranchiata 2, 49, 57, 58 Cardioidei 44 Babinka 48, 50, 64, 221 Cardiolaria 49, 89 B. prima 66 C. beirensis 65 Bankia carinata 378 Cardiolariidae 50, 57, 61, 84, 88 Barbatia 25, 43 Cardiolucina 217 B. cancellaria 372, 380 C. australopilula 208, 219 B. candida 372 C. semperiana 15,208 B. domingensis 372 Cardiomya costellata 373 B. fi)liata 171, 172 C. glypta 373

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C. ornatissima 370, 373 Coelatura aegyptiaca 162 C. perrostrata 373 Colpomya hugini 66 Carditamera 41, 42 Colpomyidae 49, 54, 64, 90, 91 C. floridana 33, 372 Concholepas concholepas 467 201 Conocardiformii 48, 169 44 Copidens 64, 89, 91 Carditopsis smithii 372 C. browni 65 Caribachlamys imbricata 375 Coralliochama 111 C. mildredae 375 Coralliophaga coralliophaga 378 C. ornata 375 leana 15, 33 C. sentis 376 161 Carminodonta 89, 91 Corbiculoidea 43 Caspiconcha whithami 234, 235,237, 238, 240, 242-243 Corbula barrattiana 373 Castalia stevensi 162 C. contracta 15, 373 Catamarcaia 49, 64, 92 C. dietziana 373 C. chaschuilensis 66 C. swiftiana 373 Catamarcaidae 92 Corbulidae 18 Caudofoveata 17 Corculum cardissa 15, 33 Cephalopoda 292 Coscinasterias calamaria 249 Cerastoderma edule 198, 202 C. muricata 250 Cetoconcha margarita 376 Cosmetodon obsoletus 66 Chaenocardiola haliotoidea 293, 295 Cosmogoniophorina 92 Chaetodermomorpha 34 C. tenuicostata 85 97 Coxiconcha 48, 50 C. congregata 372 Crania 97 C. florida 372 Crassadoma 24, 26 C. lactuca 372 C. gigantea 15 C. macerophylla 198, 372 Crassatellidae 399 C. sarda 372 Crassatellites cordiformis 400 C. sinuosa 372 Crassatelloidea 44, 64 Chametrachea 3 Crassinella dupliniana 370, 373 Chamoidea 43 C. lunulata 373 Chattonia 400 C. martinicensis 373 Chiapasella radiolitiformis 109, 110, 115 Crassostrea 24, 310 378380 C. angulata 173, 178 C. mazyckii 378 C. gigas 173, 178 C. 378 C. rhizophorae 375 Chlamys 24, 26 C. virginica 14, 32, 41, 173, 178,274, 370, 375 C. bifrons 249 Crassostreinae 24 C. hastata 14 Crenella decussata 375 C. islandica 14, 32, 250, 444 Crenomytilus 184 C. opercularis 249, 250, 251 C. grayanus 172, 178 C. septemradiata 251 Crepidula adunca 16, 32 Choristodon robustum 376 Crossaster papposus 249, 250 Choromytilus 184 Cryptochiton stelleri 15, 32 C. chorus 172 Cryptodonta 5 strigillinus 378 Cryptolucina kuhnpassetensis 234, 235, 236, 239, Citothyris 344 241-242 Clavagella 132, 134, 136, 322, 324, 325 Cryptopecten phrygium 376 C. australis 130 Cryptostrea permollis 375 C. mullerae 322 Ctena 208 C. oblita 317 C. divergens 15 C. veronensis 317 C. orbiculata 208 Clavagellidae 129, 132, 314 Ctenodonta 61, 85 Clavagelloidea 313 C. famatinensis 87 Cleidothaeridae 129, 131,134 C. jonesii 87 Cleidothaerus maorianus 130 C. laevigata 87 Cleionychia 92 C. logani 87 Clinocardium ciliatum 444 C. macalesteri 87 Clinopistha 86 C. miniscularia 87 Coalcomana ramosa 107, 110 C. nasuta 87 Cochlearites 321 C. tennesseensis 65 Codakia costata 374 C. youngi 87 C. orbicularis 208, 209, 210, 211,212, 214, 374, 380 Ctenodontidae 48, 49, 50, 61 C. orbiculata 374, 380 Ctenoides annulatus 14, 17 C. pectinella 374 C. floridanus 373, 383 C. rugifera 208, 209 C. planulatus 373 C. tigerina 208, 212, 214 C. sanctipauli 373

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C. scaber 373, 383 D. cornupastoris 107, 110, 114 Cubitostrea 310 Dyspanopeus sayi 250, 251 Cucullaea 280 Dystactella 86 Cucullaeidae 171,184 Cumberlandia monodonta 146, 149, 162 Ekstadia 61 Cumingia coarctata 377 E. tricarinata 65 C. tellinoides 377 Electroma alacorvi 14, 24 Cuspidaria cuspidata 130 Elliptio complanata 15, 33 C. gigantea 373 E. dilatata 162 C. rostrata 373 Ennucula aegeensis 53 Cuspidariidae 129, 132, 134 E. tenuis 370, 375 Cyclinella tenuis 378 Ensiculus cultellus 33 Cyclocardia astartoides 442, 444 Ensis 21, 25, 341 Cyclochoncha 64 E. directus 15, 25, 33,459-464 C. mediocardinalis 65 E. minor 376 C. milleri 64 Entodesma beana 374 Cycloconchidea 59, 64 E. saxicola 130 Cycloconchoidea 64 Entovalva 325 Cyclopecten 376 Eodon 61, 64 Cylindrobulla 217 E. tenuistriata 49, 59, 66 Cymatioa 373 Eodonidae 64 Cymatoceras 235 Eohemithiris grayii 32 Cymatoica orientalis hendersoni 377 Eomiltha voorhoevei 221 Cymatonota typicalis 343 Eontia 288 Cyrenoidea 43 Eoradiolites plicatus 107, 110 Cyrenoidea floridana 373 Epicheloniceras 234 Cyrtodonta saffordi 60, 66 Epidiceras 115, 117 Cyrtodontidae 55, 64 E. sinistrum 107, 110 Cyrtodontoida 54, 64, 92 E. speciosum 99 Cyrtodontoidea 49, 60 Equichlamys bifrons 250 Cyrtonaias tampicoensis 162 Eritropidae 88 Cyrtopleura 21 Eritropis 57, 61, 88 C. costata 15, 376 E. peregrinata 83, 65 Ervilia concentrica 377 Dacosta 322, 324 E. nitens 377 Dacrydium elegantulum hendersoni 375 E. subcancellata 377 Decatopecten 26 Erycinoinei 43 Deceptrix 85, 89 Etheria 3, 159, 161,165 Dendrostreafolium 170, 173, 178 E. elliptica 160, 162 D. frons 375 Etheriidae 3, 159-168 Dentalium bisexangulatum 16 Eucrassatella 400 D. laqueatum 16, 18, 25 E. ampla 405 Diceras 97, 115, 117 E. australis 405 D. arietinum 99, 107, 110 E. concisa 405 Dictyoptychus morgani 110, 111,114, 117 E. kingicola 405,416 Dimyoidea 185 E. scopalveus 405,416 Diplodon deceptus 162 E. speciosa 373 25 Eupleura caudata 250 D. punctata 378 Eupteriomorphia 65, 184, 185-186 D. semiaspera 378 Euvola chazaliei 376 D. subrotundata 15 E. ziczac 376 Discina 97 Evyana 57 Discinisca tenuis 32 E. baltica 59, 66 Distolasterias nipon 250 Excellichlamys 24 Divalinga 208 E. spectabilis 15 D. quadrisulcata 374 Divaricella 208 Falcatodonta costata 66 D. quadrisulcata 216, 374 Falcatodontidae 55 Divarilima albicoma 374 Falcatodontoidea 60, 64 Divariscintilla yoyo 15, 32 Fimbriafimbriata 208, 209, 216, 218, 219 Donacidae 18, 44 Fimbriidae 207 Donax 399, 419 Flexopecten glaber 14, 17, 24 D. variabilis 15, 33,373 Foegia 323 discus 15, 378 2, 47, 48, 49, 57, 59, 60, 82, 85 D. elegans 378 F. troyensis 65 Dreissena polymorpha 466 Fortowensia 64 Dreissenoidea 43 E grandis 65 Durania cf. apula 104 Fragum 16

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F. fragum 33 H. ('Batolites') organisans 121 F. unedo 15, 198, 202 H. radiosus 102, 111 Freja 64, 92 11. socialis 102 F. fecunda 66 Hippuritidae 3, 120, 122 Frejidae 64 Homarus americanus 250 Frenamya 133 Horiopleura 100, 103 E ceylanica 130 H. dumortieri 109, 110, 121 Fulvia mutica 15, 33 H. juxi 121 E tenuicostata 198,202 H. lamberti 109, 110 Fusconaia ebena 146, 149, 152 Humphreyia 323 E escambia 146, 149, 152, 155 H. gigantea 317 Eflava 146, 162 Hyas araneus 250 F. succissa 146, 152, 153, 155 Hyotissa hyotis 14, 32, 41 H. numisma 14 Gaimardia trapesina 444 Hyriidae 329 Galeomatoidea 43, 44 Hyridella depressa 329-337,330 Galeomma taki 15, 33 H. menziesi 162 18, 21, 25, 131,370 Gastrochaena hians 373 Ichthyosarcolites triangularis 104, 110, 111, 117 G. ovata 373 simpsoni 466 G. stimpsoni 33 llionia 4, 64 Gastrochaenoidea 43 L prisca 66, 221,222 Gastropoda 11, 25 Inaequidens 88 Geukensia 23, 26 Iphigenia brasiliana 373 G. demissa 14, 32, 470 Ischadium recurvum 375 G. granosissima 375 Isofilibranchia 34, 47, 48, 91,169, 184-185 Glans dominguensis 372 Isognomon 24, 25 Glebula rotundata 162 L alatus 14, 373, 382, 384 rigida 378 1. bicolor 373 G. rugatina 378 L isognomon 32, 173, 180 GloripalIiumpallium 170, 173, 180-181, 186 L legumen 14 Glossomyophorus costatus 11 O, 117, 121 L radiatus 373,373 Glottidia pyramidata 32 Isognomonidae 24, 43 Glycimeridae 43, 170, 171 Glycimeris 25 Janeia silurica 221 G. americana 373 Juranomia 307 G. decussata 373 G. glycimeris 32 Keletistes rhizoecus 209 G. holosericus 170, 171,172, 175, 184, 186 Kellia suborbicularis 373 G. pectinata 373 Kuphus 323 G. pendunculus 14 G. undata 373 Laevicardia 132 G. yessoensis 171, 172, 175 Laevicardium laevigatum 372 Glyptarca 49, 91 L. mortoni 372 G. serrata 66, 89 L. pictum 372 Glyptarcidae 64 L. svbariticum 372 Glyptarcoidea 49, 91, 92 Laevichlamys multisquamata 376 Gonidea angulata 162 Lamellodonta 81 Gouldia cerina 378 Lampsilis teres 146, 149, 153 Grammatodon 240, 307 Larus argentus 250, 459 Gregariella corallophaga 375 L. delawarensis 250 Grvphaea 436 Lasaea adansoni 373 Gryphaeidae 24, 26, 43, 185, 303,309, 310 Laternula elliptica 442, 444 Gyropleura 100 L. truncata 130, 249 Laternulidae 129, 13 I, 134 Haliris fischeriana 379 Lectopecten latiauratus 247, 252 Halodule wrightii 250 Leila 165 Heliaster 467 Leiomya cIaviculata 373 Heteroconchia (see subjects index) Leiopecten 60 Heterodonax bimaculatus 376 L. praerectangularis 66 Heterodonta 12, 21, 43, 54, 55 Leiopectinoidea 64 Hiatella arctica 373 Lepidochitona corrugata 15, 32 Himeraelites 110, 115 Leporimetis intastriata 377 H. vultur 111 Leptoconchus 316 Hippopus 200, 201,202 Ligumia 335 H. hippopus 15, 33, 191, 197 L. recta 162 H. porcellanus 15, 191, 197 Lima caribaea 374 Hippurites 97, 110, 117 L. lima 14

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Limariafragilis 170, 173, 175, 185 Luidia alternata 250 L. hians 14 L. barimae 250 L. pellucida 371,374 L. ciliaris 250 Limicolaria kambeu132 L. clathrata 250 Limidae 64, 92, 170 L. magellanicus 250 Limina 60 Lunulacardiidae 5 Limioidea 2, 3, 19, 22, 64 Lunulacardium 291 Limoida 185 Lunulacardium clymeniae 298 Limoidea 175, 185 L. semistriatum 295 Limopsis 5, 280 Lunulicardia hemicardium 198,202 L. aurita 374 Lyonsiafloridana 33, 374 L. cristata 374 Lyonsiella 132 L. marionensis 281,287, 444, 445 L. formosa 130 L. minuta 374 Lyonsiellidae 134 L. sulcata 374 Lyonsiidae 129, 131 Limopsoidea 3, 170, 171,175, 184 Lyrodesma 59, 61, 89 Lindapecten exasperatus 376 L. majus 50, 65, 89 L. muscosus 376 Lyrodesmatoidei 48 Lingula anatina 32 Lyromytilus 344 Lioberus castaneus 375 Lyropecten kallinubilosus 376 Liocarcinus puber 250 Lytoceras polare 229 Liolophurajaponica 15, 16, 32 Liostrea plastica 304 Macoma balthica 7,451-458 latirilata 378 M. brevifrons 377 Litharca 325 M. cerina 377 Lithiotis 321 M. constricta 377 Lithophaga antillarum 375 M. mitchelli 377 L. aristata 375 M. tageligformis 377 L. bisulcata 375 M. tenta 377 L. lithophaga 14 maculata 378 L. nigra 375 M. nimbosa 378 L. teres 314 Macrotoma fragilis 374 Lithophaginae 26 18 Littorina littorea 32, 459 Mactroidea 43 Loligo 18, 21 Mactromeris polynyma 15, 33 L. pealei 16, 24, 25 Malleidae 24, 26, 186 Lopha 24 Malletiidae 85 L. cristagalli 14 Malleus candeanus 374 Loripes 208 Malvufundus 24, 26 L. clausus 210 M. regulatus 14 L. lucinalis 208, 209 Manzanellidae 86, 88 Lortiella rugosa 162 Margaritidae 131 Lucina 208 Margaritifera margaritifera 33, 162, 335 L. amianta 374 Margaritiferidae 161 L. chrysostoma 216 Martesia cuneiformis 376 L. exasperata 212 M. striata 376 L. floridana 374 Marthasterias glacialis 250 L. leucocyma 374 Matheria 57 'L. ' pandata 221 M. tener 66 L. pectinata 374 Matheriidae 55, 57, 64 L. pensylvanica 208, 209, 210, 212, 214, 218, 374 Matheronia salevensis 107, 110 L. philippensis 212 Megalodontidae 98, 106-107 L. radians 374 Megalonaias boykiniana 152 L. sombrerensis 374 Megaxinus rostratus 218 L. trisulcata 374 429 L. tumida 212 M. campechiensis 378 Lucinella divaricata 208, 210 M. mercenaria 15, 33, 379 Lucinda 18, 21 Metapadia 57 Lucinidae 4, 18, 25, 207-225 M. matapediensis 66 Lucinisca nassula 208, 374 Meyenaster gelatinosus 250 Lucinoida 54, 59 Microgloma yongei 53 Lucinoidea 44 Miltha 217 Lucinoidea 43 M. childreni 218 Lucinoma aequizonata 208, 209, 210 Mimachlamys varia 14, 24, 26 L. annulata 208 Minnivola pyxidatus 247, 249 L. atlantis 208 Mitrocaprina 103, 111 L. borealis 208, 209 Mnemiopsis leidyi 459 L. filosum 374 Modellnaia 165

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Modiolinae 26, 184 M. perna 172 Modiolodon 48, 57 M. trossulus 389, 467, 472 M. oviformis 66 Modiolodontidae 55, 64, 90, 91 Nacella concinna 445 Modiolopsidae 49, 51, 54, 64, 90, 91 Nassarius siquijorensis 16 Modiolopsis 57, 60, 90 Neilonella subovata 32 M. modiolaris 66 Nemocardium peramabile 372 Modiolopsoidea 64 N. tinctum 372 Modiolus 50, 57, 60, 178, 184 Neocomiceramus subneocomiensis 238 M. americanus 32, 172, 375 Neocrania anomala 32 M. auriculatus 14 Neopycnodonte cochlear 373 M. kurilensis 172 Neorhynchia 32 M. meeki 66 Neotaxodonta 42, 92 M. modiolus 274, 275,474 Neoteredo reynei 4, 258, 259 M. m. squamosus 375 Neotrigonia 42, 89, 160 Modiomorpha 57, 59, 64, 90 N. margaritacea 162, 163 M. concentrica 66 Nerita albicilla 16, 32 Modiomorphidae 4 N. peloronta 384 Modiomorphoida 49 Nicaniella 307 Modiomorphoidea 90 Nipponoclavata 323 Monocondylaea minuana 162 Nippopanacca 135 Monodonta labio 18, 25, 16, 32 Nodipecten nodosum 376, 383 Monopleura 100 Noetia 288 M. taurica 107, 110 N. ponderosa 375 M. varians 99, 107, 110 Noetiidae 5, 170, 171 Montanaria 59 Noradonta 59, 61, 64, 89 M. honguedoensis 65 N. redoniaeformis 61, 83, 89 lateralis 15, 33 N. shergoldi 61, 65, 83 Mulleria 160, 161 Nototeredo knoxi 378 Musculinae 184 Nucella lapillus 467 Musculista senhousia 172 Nucinella 85, 86 Musculus 184, 466 N. sohli 83, 86 M. discors 172 N. walvis 86 M. lateralis 32, 375 Nucinellidae 49, 86, 88 Mutela dubia 162 Nucinelloidea 86, 88 M. rostrata 162 Nucula 84, 85,240 Mutelidae 159, 161, 165 N. aegeensis 375 Mya arenaria 15, 33, 451,456 N. calcicola 375 Myadora 132, 134 N. crenulata 375 M. striata 130 N. proxima 15, 32, 375 Mycetopodidae 160, 164, 165 Nuculana 86 Myochama 132, 134 N. acuta 375 M. anomioides 130 N. concentrica 375 Myochamidae 129, 131 N. minuta 32 Myodakryotus 64, 92 N. pella 15, 18 M. deigryn 66 N. pusio 375 Myoida (see subjects index) N. solidula 375 Myodiea 43 N. verrilliana 375 Myonera 33 Nuculanidae 21, 85 M. limatula 373 Nuculaniformii 61, 169 Myrtea sagrinata 374 Nuculanoidea 2, 41, 57 M. spinifera 208, 209 Nuculidae 44, 53, 61 Mysella planulata 373 Nuculiformii 48, 61 55, 60, 178 Nuculites 57 Mytiliformii 48, 169 N oblongatus 65 Mytilinae 23, 184 Nuculoida 57, 61, 85 Mytiloida 53, 169, 184 Nuculoidea 2, 44, 50, 61 Mytiloidea (see subjects index) Nuculoidea 57, 84 Mytilopsis leucophaeata 370, 373, 383 N. pinguis 51, 57, 65 M. sallei 373, 383 Nyassa 59, 64 Mytilus 16, 24, 26, 184, 198 N. dorsata 65 Mytilus californianus 14, 32, 467, 468, 469, 472 Nyassidae 59, 64 M. chilensis 172 Nymphalucina 235 M. coruscus 172 M. edulis 32, 172, 178, 274, 276, 389, 465-478 Obovaria olivaria 146, 153 M. e. chilensis 472, 474 O. retusa 146 M. e. planulatus 391 O. rotulata 146, 149, 152, 153, 156 M. galloprovincialis 14, 172, 178, 389 O. unicolor 146, 153

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Octopus maorum 250 P pusio 248 Onchidella celtica 16, 32 P. ziczac 250 Orobitella floridana 373 Pectinidae 4, 19, 170 Orthodesma 343 Pectinina 60, 185 Orthonota undulata 343 Pectinoida 54, 55, 59, 60, 65 Orthonotidae 5, 343 Pectinoidea (see subjects index) Ortonella 60, 64 Pedum 24, 325 O. hainesi 66 P. spondyloideum 15 Osculigera 107, 110, 115 Pegophysema alba 216 Ostrea 24, 25 Penicillus 323, 324 O. edulis 14, 32, 173, 178, 307 Pensarnia 85, 88 O. equestris 14 listeri 379 Ostreidae 24, 26, 170, 310 Periploma angasi 130 Ostreina 185 P. anguliferum 376 Ostreioda 55, 59, 60, 65, 185 P. tenerum 376 Ostreoidea (see subjects index) Periplomatidae 129, 131,134 Ostreola equestris 375 Permophoridae 90 Ovatoconcha 86, 87 Perna 184, 465 O. fragilis 83 P canaliculus 467 Oxyteuthis 234 P. perna 172 Oxytoma 307 P. viridis 172, 178,466 Perumytilus purpuratus 172, 467, 469 Pachyrisma 115 lapicida 376 P. grande 99, 106, 110 pholadiformis 376 Pachytraga 100, 103, 109, 114 Phacoides pectinatus 208, 209, 210, 212, 216, 218 P. tubiconcha 107, 110 Phaseoloidea 48 Palaelima 60 Phaseolus 48 P. retifera 66 Pholadoidea 43 Palaeoheterodonta 54, 55 Pholadomyidae 129, 134 Palaeoneilo 57 Pholadomyiformes 48 P. fecunda 65 Pholadomya 133 P. iruyensis 87 P. candida 130 Palaeosolen 343 Pholadomyoida 34, 343 P. chapmani 344 Pholadomyoidea 343 P. costatus 344 Phoronida 34 P. frontisocurvus 344 Phorinoplax striata 64 P. quadrangularis 344 Phoronis architecta 32 Palaeotaxodonta 47, 53, 84 Pillucina 209, 217 Panacca 135 P. fischeriana 208, 212, 219 Pandora 132 P. pisidium 208 P. arenosa 33 Pinctada 24, 25 P. bushiana 375 P imbricata 14, 371,376, 382 P. inaequivalvis 130 P. longisquamosa 376 P. inflata 375 P. margaritifera 14, 32, 170, 173, 180 Pandoridae 129, 131,134 Pinna carnea 376 Pandoroidea 131-132, 134 P. muricata 14 Panopeajaponica 15, 21, 25 P. nobilis 173, 180, 427 Papyridea semisulcata 372 P. rudis 376 P. soleniformis 372 Pinnidae 43, 170 Paracycladidae 221 Pinnina 185 Paracyclas proavia 221 Pinnoidea (see subjects index) Parallelodontidae 64, 92 Pisaster ochraceus 467 triquetra 379 Pisidiidae 43 Parastirpulina 322 cordatus 379 Parilimya 135 Placopecten 24, 26, 250 P. fragilis 130 P. magellanicus 14, 23, 32, 173, 180, 250, 251,274, 277, Parilimyidae 129, 133, 134, 135 428 Parvilucina costata 208 Plagioptychus 100, 110, 116, 117, 120, 121 P. multilineata 208, 218, 374 P. toucasi 105, 111 P. tenuisculpta 208, 209, 210, 217, 218 Plectodon granulatus 373 Patella 198 Pleurobema clava 146, 162 Patinopecten yessoensis 4, 247-255 P. decisum 146, 153 Patiria pectinifera 250 Pleuromeris tridentata 372 Patrocardia 291 Pleurophorella papillosa 344 Paulinea 85, 88 Plicatula 19, 20 Pecten 24, 26 P. australis 32 P. maximus 14, 32, 173, 180, 181, 186, 247, 249, 251, P gibbosa 376 428, 431 P. plicata 14

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Plicatuloidea 2, 22, 42, 43, 185 Pyganodon grandis 162 Pododesmus caelata 14 P. macrochisma 32 Quadrula quadrula 146, 149, 152, 162 2, 47, 48, 49, 57, 60-61, 82, 85 Q. wrightii 155 P. runnegari 65 Quincuncina burkei 146, 149, 152, 153, 155 P. sarhoensis 53 Q. infucata 146, 149, 153, 154 Policordia 132 'Q.' kleiniana 154 Polyconites 100, 109 Q. mitchelli 153 Polyconitidae 109, 122 maritima 372 Radiolites 97 Polyplacophora 11, 41 R. sauvagesi 104 Poromya 136 Radiolitidae 3, 122 P. granulata 130, 376 Raeta plicatella 374 P. rostrata 376 flexuosa 374 Porornyidae 129, 132, 134 Rapana bezoar 249 Posostrea 161,165 Rasta thiophila 208, 209, 210, 216 Potamilus alatus 162 Redonia 59, 61, 64 Praecaprina varians 107, 110 R. bohemica 61, 65 Praecaprotina yaegashii 109, 110, 112 Redoniidae 59, 64 Praecardioida 5 Retha 100, 117 Praeluda subtilis 53, 65 R. tulae 107, 110 Praenucula 57 Rhombopteriidae 65 P. faba 57, 65 Ribeiriajunior 48, 50, 53, 65 P. infirma 57 R. lucan 50, 65 Praenuculidae 53, 84, 85 Rostriconchia 48, 60 Praetorreites omanensis 110, 111, 114, 117 Rousselia 103 Pressastarte 307 Priene rude 250 Sabinia aniensis 109 Prionodonta 169, 184 Saccostrea 24 Pristiglomidae 61 S. cucullata 14 Procardia 135 S. glomerata 173, 178 Prolobella 64 Salaputium animula 400, 405,417 Propeamussiidae 186 Samacar 171 Propeamussium dalli 376 Sanguinolites discors 344 P. sayanum 376 Sanmartinoceras 234 Prothyris 343 Sauvagesia macroplicata 107, 110 Protobranchia 2, 48, 169 Scaphopoda 12, 25 Protothaca granulata 379 Schizodidae 89, 90 Pseudoceratium tovae 234 Scutopus ventrolineatus 15, 16 inezae 372 Semele bellastriata 377 P. radians 372 S. proficua 377 Pseudoconocardium 300 S. purpurascens 377 Pseudomulleria 159, 161,164, 165 Semelina nuculoides 377 P. dalyi 160, 162 Semieo'cina 373 Pseudomyona 48, 50, 51, 53, 60 Semimytilus algosus 172 P. queenslandica 50, 65 Septibranchia 49, 132, 135, 169 Pseudosabinia klinghardti 103, 107, 109, 110, 110, 114, Septifer 24, 26, 178, 184, 465 117 S. bilocularis 14, 32 Psiloconcha 86, 343 S. keenae 172 Psiloteredo healdi 4, 258, 259 S. virgatus 466, 469, 472 Pteria 24, 25 Septimyalina perattenuata 66 P. brevialata 14 Sheldonella 171 P. colymbus 376 Siliquimya 344 P. hirundo 14 Silurozodus 59 P. macroptera 14 S. gotlandicus 65 Pteriidae 24, 43, 170, 184 Similodonta 85 Pteriina 185 Solecurtus cumingianus 377 Pterinea 60 4, 86, 208, 210, 235, 236, 238 P. laevis 66 S. occidentalis 377 Pterineidae 65 S. parkinsoni 86 Pterioida 55, 59, 65, 185 S. togata 14, 17, 25 Pterioidea 2, 12, 19 S. velum 25 Pteriomorphia (see subjects index) 48, 88 Pterocardia 98 Solemyoida 53, 57, 85-88 Pteromeris perplana 372 Solemyoidea 2, 61, 88 Puberella intapurpurea 379 Solenomorpha 343 P. pubera 379 S. dorsocurva 344 Pulvinitidae 170 S. minor 344

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S. scalpriformis 344 T. listeri 377 Spathella typica 344 T. magna 377 Spathochlamys benedicti 376 T. martinicensis 377 Spengleria rostrata 373 T. mera 378 Sphaerulites 97 T. nitens 378 Sphenia antillensis 374 T. paramera 378 Sphenosolen draperi 344 T. persica 378 Sphoeroides maculatus 251 T. punicea 378 Spissatella 399-423,402 T. radiata 378 S. acculta 400, 404, 410, 411 T. similis 378 S. clifdenensis 404, 411,412, 420 T. squamifera 378 S. concisa 400 T. sybaritica 378 S. discrepans 404 T. tampaensis 378 S. maudensis 400 T. texana 378 S. media 404, 415 T. versicolor 15, 33, 378 S. poroleda 404, 411 43, 44 S. scopalveus 400 Tepeyacia 115, 117, 120, 121, 122 S. subobesa 404, 410 T. corrugata 109, 110, 112 S. trailli 404, 411,412, 420 T. multicostata 109 raveneli 374 Teranota ebbighauseni 339-346, 340, 341,342 S. solida 15, 33 Terebratalia transversa 32 S. solidissima 198, 274, 276 Teredinidae 34, 258 Spondylidae 19, 43, 170 Teredo clappi 378 Spondylus 24 T. furcifera 257 S. americanus 377 Teredolites clavatus 234, 236 S. crassisquamatus 14 Tetraselmis suecica 442 S. cruentus 181 Thais clavigera 32 S. gaederopus 247, 252 T. lapillus 250 S. gussoni 377 Thalassia 208 S. hystrix 14, 23 Thalassinoides 234 S. nicobaricus 170, 173, 181 Thalassiosira pseudonanna 442 S. sinensis 32 Thecidellina blochmanni 32 S. tetericus 377 Thoralia 50 Sportellidae 43, 44 T. languedociana 65 Stewartia floridana 208 Thoraliidae 53, 59 Stichaster 467 Thracia corbuloides 369, 378 Stirpulina 322 T. stimpsoni 378 Stirpuliniola 322 Thraciidae 129, 131, 134 Striarca lactea 14, 23, 170, 171, 172, 175,280, 288 Thracioidea 132 Strigilla carnaria 377 Thyasira trisinuata 370, 378 S. gabbi 377 Thyasiridae 207 S. mirabilis 377 Timoclea grus 379 S. pisiformis 377 T. pygmaea 379 Strombina 420 Tiostrea 307, 310 Strombus 348 Tironucula 57 Strophitus undulatus 162 T. jugata 57, 65 Swiftopecten swifti 250 Tironuculidae 50, 53 floridana 370, 379 Tagelus divisus 377 Tolmaia erugisulca 66 T. plebeius 377 Torreites 109, 114, 115, 117 Tanaodon 59, 64, 221 T. sanchezi 110, 111 T. louderbacki 65 Toucasia carinata 107, 110 Tancrediopsis 61 Toxolasma Iividus 162 T. contracta 87 Trachycardium egmontianum 372 T. gotlandica 65 T. magnum 372 Tellidora cristata 377 T. muricatum 372, 382 Tellina aequistriata 377 Transenella couradina 379 T. agilis 377 T. cubaniana 379 T. alternata 377 T. culebrana 379 T. americana 377 T. stimpsoni 379 T. angulosa 377 Trecanolia 64, 92 T. candeana 377 T. acincta 66 T. consobrina 377 nutalIi 15, 33 T. fausta 377 Trichomya hirsuta 172 T. gouldii 377 Tridacna 16, 201,202 T. iris 377 T. crocea 33, 191, 192, 194, 202 T. laevigata 377 T. derasa 19l T. lineata 377 T. gigas 15, 33, 191, 195-196, 202

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T. maxima 191, 192, 194, 202 Utterbackia imbecilis 33 T. rosewateri 191 T. squamosa 15, 191,194, 202 Vaccinites galloprovincialis 102 T. tevoroa 191 Valletia 98, 103, 107, 115, 117 Tridacnidae 18, 25, 191-205 V. auris 110 Tridacninae 191-205, 193, 195, 196, 197 Varicorbula limatula 373 Trigonioida 53, 54, 59, 89-90 Vasticardiumflavum 15, 33 Trigonioidea 2, 42 Velesunio 335 Trigonothracia jinxingae 130 V. angasi 162 Trigonulina ornata 379 18, 25 Trisidos 171 18 Tritogonia verrucosa 153 Veneroida (see subjects index) Tromelinodonta 89 Veneroidea 43 Tropidomya abbreviata 15, 21, 25 Veneroidei 43, 44 Tuarangia 2, 48, 50, 60-61, 82 verrucosa 15, 33 T. gravgaerdensis 65 Verticordia acuticostata 379 T. g. tenuiumbonata 48 V. triangularis 130 Turnus 234, 236 Verticordiidae 129, 131,132, 134 Vulsella 14, 24, 26 Umburra 60, 65 V. vulsella 173, 180 U. cinefacta 66 Umburridae 59, 65 Wallucina assimilis 208, 217, 219 207 Watsonella 47, 53, 60 Unio cacao 155 W. crossbyi 48, 50, 65 U. infucatus 154 Whiteavesia 57, 60 U. kleinianus 154 W. cincinnatiensis 66 U. pictorum 162 Wilkingia 344 U. rotulata 153, 156 U. securiformis 154 Xanthochorus 250 U. succissus 155 Xenoturbella 8 U. tumidus 162 Xylopholas altanai 376 Unionacea 161 Unionidae (see subjects index) Yoldia eightsi 444 Unioniformes 48 Y. limatula 15 Unionoida 3, 5, 12, 25, 42 Yoldiella nana 15, 17, 18, 23 Urosalpinx cinerea 250 Uskardita 92 Zostera marina 250

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3859362/9781862394254_backmatter.pdf by guest on 02 October 2021 Evolutionary Biology of the Bivalvia

edited by E. M. Harper (Cambridge University, UK)

J. D. Taylor (The Natural History Museum, UK)

and

J. A. Crame (British Antarctic Survey, UK)

Bivalves are key components of Recent marine and freshwater ecosystems and have been so for most of the Phanerozoic. Their rich and long fossil record, combined with their abundance and diversity in modern seas, has made bivalves the ideal subject of palaeobiological and evolutionary studies. Despite this, however, topics such as the early evolution of the class, relationships between various taxa and the life habits of some key extinct forms have remained remarkably unclear.

In the last few years there has been enormous expansion in the range of techniques available to both palaeontologists and zoologists and key discoveries of new faunas which shed new light on the evolutionary biology of this important class.

This volume integrates palaeontological and zoological approaches and sheds new light on the course of bivalve evolution. This series of 32 original papers tackles key issues including: up to date molecular phylogenies of major groups; new hard and soft tissue morphological cladistic analyses; reassessments of the early Palaeozoic radiation; important new observations on form and functional morphology; analyses of biogeography and biodiversity; novel (palaeo)ecological studies

9504 pages 9 196illustrations; several in colour 9 32papers 9index

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Cover illustration: Fossilized bivalve, Myophorella clavellata (J. Sowerby) (family Ytrigoniidae) from the ISBN 1-86239-076-2 Kimmeridgian, near Trouville, France. Photograph: Phillip Crabb. Copyright Natural History Museum, London. Living bivalve is the exposed mantle of Tridacna maxima (Roding), Lizard Island, Queensland. Photograph: John Taylor. U!l!U!!lIU!U!! !li

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