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Seventy Years of the International Law Commission: Photo Exhibit The codification and progressive devel- YEARS70 opment of international law is a long-held ideal that was anchored in the Charter of the United Nations in 1945. For more than seventy years, the International Law Commission has been central to achiev- OF THE ing this ambition. This celebratory retro- spective tells a visual story of its remark- able achievements in the context of COMMISSION LAW INTERNATIONAL the evolution of international law over two centuries. YEARS OF THE INTERNATIONAL La codification et le développement pro- LAW COMMISSION gressif du droit international forment un idéal de longue date, qui a été ancré dans la Charte des Nations Unies en 1945. Depuis ANS plus de soixante-dix ans, la Commission DE LA COMMISSION DU du droit international a été au cœur de la DROIT INTERNATIONAL réalisation de cette ambition. Cette rétro- spective festive raconte une histoire visuelle de ses réalisations remarquables dans le contexte de l'évolution du droit international depuis deux siècles. 70 YEARS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION 70 ANS DE LA COMMISSION DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL Copyright © United Nations 2020 Copyright © Nations Unies 2020 Copyright for individual images as indicated Copyright pour les images individuelles comme indiqué Text and image compilation: Texte et compilation d’images : Bart Smit Duijzentkunst, Office of Legal Affairs Bart Smit Duijzentkunst, Bureau des affaires juridiques Supervision: Supervision : Arnold Pronto, Office of Legal Affairs Arnold Pronto, Bureau des affaires juridiques French translation: Mundaneum, Mons Traduction française : Mundaneum, Mons Editing and proofreading: Édition et correction d’épreuves : UNOG/DCM Languages Service UNOG/DCM Service linguistique Design: Branding & Graphic Design Unit, Conception : Groupe de la conception graphique Department of Global Communications du Département de la communication globale Published by the United Nations. Not for sale. Publié par les Nations Unies. Ne peut être vendu. All rights reserved Tous droits réservés Opening spread and back cover: On 5 July 2018, Photo d’ouverture et quatrième de couverture : the International Law Commission celebrated its Le 5 juillet 2018, la Commission du droit international seventieth anniversary in the Council Chamber a célébré son soixante-dixième anniversaire dans la of the Palais des Nations in Geneva. salle du Conseil du Palais des Nations à Genève. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS / REMERCIEMENTS This publication and the exhibit on which Cette publication et l’exposition sur laquelle it is based have been made possible elle est basée ont été rendues possibles with the generous contributions of the grâce aux généreuses contributions des following States and organizations: pays et organisations suivants : Austria Portugal Turkey Allemagne Qatar Singapour Chile Qatar United Autriche République Sri Lanka China Republic Kingdom of Chili de Corée Suisse Great Britain Cyprus of Korea Chine Roumanie Tchéquie Czechia and Northern Chypre Turquie Romania Royaume-Uni Ireland Finlande Viet Nam Finland Singapore de Grande- Viet Nam Inde Germany Sri Lanka Bretagne Irlande et d’Irlande India Switzerland Ireland Japon du Nord Japan Portugal Carnegie Foundation, The Hague Archives des Nations Unies à Genève Dag Hammarskjöld Library, New York Association de droit international Peace Palace Library, The Hague Bibliothèque Dag Hammarskjöld, New York Institute of International Law Bibliothèque du Palais de la Paix, La Haye International Law Association Fondation Carnegie, La Haye Istanbul Bilgi University Institut de Droit international Mobile Museum of Art, Mobile, Alabama Mobile Museum of Art, Mobile (États-Unis) Royal BC Museum and Archives, Photothèque de l’ONU, New York Victoria, British Columbia Royal BC Museum and Archives, United Nations Photo Library, New York Victoria (Canada) United Nations Archives at Geneva Université Bilgi d’Istanbul University College London Special Collections University College London Special Collections v 1 Miguel de Serpa Soares, Under- Secretary-General for Legal Affairs 1 and United Nations Legal Counsel (front row, sixth from the left), with staff of the Codification Division of the Office of Legal Affairs. Miguel de Serpa Soares, Secrétaire général adjoint aux affaires juri- dique et Conseiller juridique de l’Organisation des Nations Unies (première rangée, sixième à partir de la gauche), avec le personnel de la Division de la codification du Bureau des affaires juridiques. 2 Opening of the exhibit in New York by Eduardo Valencia-Ospina, Chair of the seventieth session of the Commission, on 21 May 2018. Ouverture de l’exposition 2 3 à New York par Eduardo Valencia-Ospina, Président de la soixante-dixième session de la Commission, le 21 mai 2018. 3 The Arlequin Trio performing during a solemn meeting marking the seventieth anniversary of the Commission in Geneva, on 5 July 2018. 4 Le Trio Arlequin se produisant lors d’une séance solennelle marquant le soixante-dixième anniversaire de la Commission à Genève, le 5 juillet 2018. 4 The exhibit on display during the celebratory events at the Palais des Nations in Geneva, on 5-6 July 2018. L’exposition présentée lors des célébrations au Palais des Nations à Genève, les 5 et 6 juillet 2018. vi FOREWORD / AVANT-PROPOS For more than seventy years, the International Law Depuis plus de soixante-dix ans, la Commission du Commission has been on the forefront of the pro- droit international est à l’avant-garde du dévelop- gressive development and codification of interna- pement progressif et de la codification du droit tional law at the United Nations. From its inception, international aux Nations Unies. Dès sa fondation, the Codification Division of the Office of Legal la Division de la codification du Bureau des affaires Affairs has stood by the Commission as its secretar- juridiques a soutenu la Commission en tant que iat and “centre for scientific research”. secrétariat et « centre de recherche scientifique ». This publication is based on a photo exhibit, pre- Cette publication est basée sur une exposition de pared by the Codification Division, that accompa- photos, préparée par la Division de la codification, nied the events marking the seventieth session of qui accompagnait les événements marquant la the Commission in New York, on 21 May 2018, and soixante-dixième session de la Commission à New in Geneva, on 5 and 6 July 2018. The exhibit has York, le 21 mai 2018, et à Genève, les 5 et 6 juillet since been on display in The Hague, Bangkok and 2018. Depuis, l’exposition s’est tenue à La Haye, à Washington, D.C. Bangkok et à Washington. The exhibit brought to life the achievements of the L’exposition a mis en lumière les réussites de la Commission over the past seven decades by visually Commission au cours des sept dernières décennies telling the story of the development of international en racontant visuellement l’histoire du développe- law over the course of two centuries. It is my hope ment du droit international au cours de deux siècles. that this publication will allow an even wider audi- J’espère que cette publication permettra à un public ence to learn about the work of the Commission encore plus large de se familiariser avec le travail de and the crucial role that international law continues la Commission et avec le rôle crucial que le droit to play in our world today. international continue de jouer dans notre monde aujourd’hui. Miguel de Serpa Soares Under-Secretary-General for Legal Affairs Miguel de Serpa Soares and United Nations Legal Counsel Secrétaire général adjoint aux affaires juridiques et Conseiller juridique de l’Organisation des Nations Unies vii CONTENTS / TABLE DES MATIÈRES 1 7 Introduction ............................................................1 Fundamental rights and duties of States ...... 43 Les droits et devoirs fondamentaux des États .......................................................... 43 2 The early codification movement ....................5 Le premier mouvement de codification .........5 8 International criminal justice ........................... 49 La justice pénale internationale ..................... 49 3 A movement gathering steam .......................... 11 Un mouvement qui prend de la vitesse ......... 11 9 The law of the sea ..............................................55 Le droit de la mer ...............................................55 4 Codification and the League of Nations ...... 19 La codification et la Société des Nations ..... 19 10 State responsibility ............................................. 61 La responsabilité des États ............................... 61 5 The Charter and the statute .............................27 La Charte et le statut ........................................ 27 11 The law of treaties ..............................................67 6 Le droit des traités ..............................................67 The International Law Commission ...............35 La Commission du droit international ...........35 viii 12 17 Sources of international law ............................73 Specialized fields of international law ..........101 Les sources du droit international ..................73 Les domaines spécialisés du droit international ...................................................101 13 Diplomatic and consular relations ..................79 18 Other bodies ......................................................113 Les relations diplomatiques et consulaires...79 Les autres organes ............................................113 14 Jurisdiction and immunity ...............................
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