DOCSLIB.ORG

Goddard's Drops

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

history of urology Goddard’s Dropps: a Paradox of the C17th Jonathan Charles n this series of articles I am Spanish fly, was extensively used Goddard, Curator of the The Museum going to show you some of as an aphrodisiac; it inflames the of Urology, BAUS; the exhibits contained in the genitals. Sadly it also inflames the Consultant Urological Museum of Urology, hosted kidneys, the likely cause of the Surgeon, Leicester General Hospital. on the BAUS website (www. Bishop’s death. baus.org.uk). In the last article What is interesting about this Correspondence to: II told you about the world of the popular but terrifying secret Jonathan Charles Goddard, London stonecutter in the 17th magical recipe made of human E: jonathan.goddard@ uhl-tr.nhs.uk Century and I left you with a skulls is that it was being made question, “What were Goddard’s and sold in the C17th, an age Dropps?” of new scientific discovery and Goddard’s Dropps (or Drops) furthermore, may have been were a very popular C17th invented by one of the time’s medicine. As was typical with foremost names in science. medicines at the time, they Jonathan Goddard was a were ascribed multiple uses; physician, chemist, mathematician Goddard’s Dropps (also called and a founder member of Guttæ Anglicanæ or Guttæ the Royal Society; a friend of Goddardianæ) were suggested for Robert Hooke, Robert Boyle and fainting, apoplexy, as a stimulant Christopher Wren. and also for bladder stones. I find this a fascinating Figure 1: Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626), the The medicine has been inspiration for the Scientific Revolution of the 17th paradox; this was the time of Century. Courtesy of the Hunterian Museum at the associated with Dr Jonathan Royal College of Surgeons. William Harvey’s description Goddard (1617-1675), physician of the circulation of the blood, to Oliver Cromwell, Professor and of the tenants of Sir Francis of Physic at Gresham College and Warden of Merton Bacon (Figure 1) that everything should be proven by College, Oxford. Although, some attribute the Dropps scientific experiments. Goddard was the second most to Jonathan Goddard’s lesser contemporary William frequent attender at the Royal Society meetings and Goddard (dates unknown but MD and FRCP 1634) yet in the midst of the scientific revolution, he was who was born in Norfolk, educated in Padua and also associated with the type of potion seen in Saxon times. a Fellow of the College of Physicians. Whoever it was, Certainly, the careful and lengthy instructions for the Charles II paid them £1500 (some said £6000) for the creation of Goddard’s Dropps suggest a background secret formula for the benefit of his subjects. of experimental chemistry but surely, they would not The recipe was complex but the basic ingredients have done well in a clinical trial? Distilled hartshorn were: five pounds of human skull (of a person hanged (literally the horn of a deer) creates ammonium or dead of some violent death), two pounds of chloride, so Goddard’s Dropps may have been a little dried vipers, two pounds of hartshorn, and two of like smelling salts. Perhaps they would be useful for ivory. These were minced, distilled, shaken, filtered fainting? Previous Urology News historical articles can and redistilled. The dose was seven or eight drops, With further reading in Robert Boyle’s Philosophical now be read online increasing by degrees to 40 or 50 on pressing Works, one finds another remedy for stones. As well in The Museum of occasions such as apoplexy or lethargy. as herbal medicines, it included the eating of a hedge Urology, BAUS. Not everyone fared well with Goddard’s Dropps. Sir sparrow and application of scorpion oil to the loins Edward Walpole, MP for King’s Lynn, died after taking and pubic area. The C17th was certainly a time of them; they “had very ill effects, gave him convulsions great change and advancement in science, however and a numbness that he was a most sad spectacle”. it is clear this was still very much a transition period in Sadly Goddard didn’t do terribly well looking after his urology between the mediaeval and modern times. friend John Wilkins either. Wilkins, the Lord Bishop of Jonathan Goddard was also a pioneer of early optics. Chester and another Fellow of the Royal Society, also It is said he made the first telescope in Britain and he suffered with bladder stones. Goddard prescribed a had the facility to grind lenses in his home laboratory. Blister of Cantharides; the Bishop died nine days later In the next article I will be revisiting optics from more of “Stoppage of Urine”. Cantharides, also known as modern times. 2 UROLOGY NEWS • V19(6) • SEP/OCT 2015 www.urologynews.uk.com.
Recommended publications
  • The Dissenting Tradition in English Medicine of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

    The Dissenting Tradition in English Medicine of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

    Medical History, 1995, 39: 197-218 The Dissenting Tradition in English Medicine of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries WILLIAM BIRKEN* In England, medicine has always been something of a refuge for individuals whose lives have been dislocated by religious and political strife. This was particularly true in the seventeenth century when changes in Church and State were occurring at a blinding speed. In his book The experience of defeat, Christopher Hill has described the erratic careers of a number of radical clergy and intellectuals who studied and practised medicine in times of dislocation. A list pulled together from Hill's book would include: John Pordage, Samuel Pordage, Henry Stubbe, John Webster, John Rogers, Abiezer Coppe, William Walwyn and Marchamont Nedham.1 Medicine as a practical option for a lost career, or to supplement and subsidize uncertain careers, can also be found among Royalists and Anglicans when their lives were similarly disrupted during the Interregnum. Among these were the brilliant Vaughan twins, Thomas, the Hermetic philosopher, and Henry, the metaphysical poet and clergyman; the poet, Abraham Cowley; and the mercurial Nedham, who was dislocated both as a republican and as a royalist. The Anglicans Ralph Bathurst and Mathew Robinson were forced to abandon temporarily their clerical careers for medicine, only to return to the Church when times were more propitious. In the middle of the eighteenth century the political and religious disabilities of non-juring Anglicanism were still potent enough to impel Sir Richard Jebb to a successful medical career. But by and large the greatest impact on medicine came from the much larger group of the displaced, the English Dissenters, whose combination of religion and medicine were nothing short of remarkable.
  • Puritans and the Royal Society

    Puritans and the Royal Society

    Faith and Thought A Journal devoted to the study of the inter-relation of the Christian revelation and modern research Vol. 92 Number 2 Winter 1961 C. E. A. TURNER, M.Sc., PH.D. Puritans and the Royal Society THE official programme of the recent tercentenary celebrations of the founding of the Royal Society included a single religious service. This was held at 10.30 a.m. at St Paul's Cathedral when the Dean, the Very Rev. W. R. Matthews, D.D., D.LITT., preached a sermon related to the building's architect, Sir Christopher Wren. Otherwise there seems to be little reference to the religious background of the Society's pioneers and a noticeable omission of appreciation of the considerable Puritan participation in its institution. The events connected with the Royal Society's foundation range over the period 1645 to 1663, but there were also earlier influences. One of these was Sir Francis Bacon, Lord Verulam, 1561-1626. Douglas McKie, Professor of the History and Philosophy of Science, University College, London, in The Times Special Number, 19 July 1960, states that Bacon's suggested academy called Solomon's House described in New Atlantis (1627) was too often assumed to be influential in the founding of the Royal Society, much in the same way as Bacon's method of induction, expounded in his Novum Organum of 1620, has been erroneously regarded as a factor in the rise of modern science. But this may be disputed, for Bacon enjoyed considerable prestige as a learned man and his works were widely read.
  • English Book Owners in the Seventeenth Century a Work in Progress Listing

    English Book Owners in the Seventeenth Century a Work in Progress Listing

    English book owners in the seventeenth century A work in progress listing How much do we really know about patterns and impacts of book ownership in Britain in the seventeenth century? How well equipped are we to answer questions such as the following?: • What was a typical private library, in terms of size and content, in the seventeenth century? • How does the answer to that question vary according to occupation, social status, etc? • How does the answer vary over time? – how different are ownership patterns in the middle of the century from those of the beginning, and how different are they again at the end? Having sound answers to these questions will contribute significantly to our understanding of print culture and the history of the book more widely during this period. Our current state of knowledge is both imperfect, and fragmented. There is no directory or comprehensive reference source on seventeenth-century British book owners, although there are numerous studies of individual collectors. There are well-known names who are regularly cited in this context – Cotton, Dering, Pepys – and accepted wisdom as to collections which were particularly interesting or outstanding, but there is much in this area that deserves to be challenged. Private Libraries in Renaissance England and Books in Cambridge Inventories have developed a more comprehensive approach to a particular (academic) kind of owner, but they are largely focused on the sixteenth century. Sears Jayne, Library Catalogues of the English Renaissance , extends coverage to 1640, based on book lists found in a variety of manuscript sources. The Cambridge History of Libraries in Britain and Ireland (2006) contains much relevant information in this field, summarising existing scholarship, and references to this have been included in individual entries below where appropriate.
  • Cromwelliana the Journal of the Cromwell Association

    Cromwelliana the Journal of the Cromwell Association

    Cromwelliana The Journal of The Cromwell Association 2000 CROMWELLIANA 2000 The Cromwell Association edited by Peter Gaunt Prnsident: Dr BARRY COW ARD, PhD, FRHistS ********** Vice Presidents: Right Hon MICHAEL FOOT, PC Professor JOHN MORRILL, DPhil, FBA, FRHistS CONTENTS Professor IV AN ROOTS, MA, FSA, FRHistS Professor AUSTIN WOOLRYCH, MA, DLitt, FBA Cromwell Day, 1999. Liberty and Responsibility Dr GERALD AYLMER, MA, DPhil, FBA, FRHistS By Professor John Morrill 2 BARRY DENTON, MBE, FRHistS PAT BARNES TREWIN COPPLESTONE, FRGS 'fhe Education of Major-General John Lambert Chairman: Dr PETER GAUNT, PhD, FRHistS By Dr David Farr 8 Honorary Secretary: MICHAEL BYRD Writings and Sources III. Cromwell's Death 5 Town Farm Close, Pinchbeck, near Spalding, nt Chepstow, Summer 1648 Lincolnshire, PEI 1 3SG By Dr Peter Gaunt 24 Honorary Treasurer: JOHN WESTMACOTT 1 Salisbury Close, Wokingham, Berkshire, RG41 4AJ Stoke Newington in the Seventeenth Century By Jane A Mills 31 THE CROMWELL ASSOCIATION was founded in 1935 by the late Rt Hon Isaac Foot and others to commemorate Oliver Cromwell, the great Puritan statesman, and to encourage the study of the history of his times, his achievements and influence. It is Cromwell and the Huguenots: neither political nor sectarian, its aims being essentially historical. The Association Ethical Foreign Policy or Strategic Realpolitik? seeks to advance its aims in a variety of ways which have included: By Dr Timothy Venning 36 a. the erection of commemorative tablets (e.g. at Naseby, Dunbar, Worcester, Preston, etc) (From time to time appeals are made for funds to pay for projects of A Short Guide to 'the Flandric Shore' this sort); By Thomas Fegan b.
  • Aquhd by MALT BY. Oxfiord NOTES and RECORDS of the ROYAL SOCIETY of LONDON

    Aquhd by MALT BY. Oxfiord NOTES and RECORDS of the ROYAL SOCIETY of LONDON

    }i.KWc4fbrufenc(el.etsc. jficmdcrn 1945 4:: aqUHD BY MALT BY. OXfiORD NOTES AND RECORDS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON EDITED BY SIR HAROLD HARTLEY, F.R.S. VOLUME 15 (C) The Royal Society July i960 CONTENTS PAGE Preface .... * vii Editorial Notes ix The origins and foundation of the Royal Society of London . i By D ouglas M cKie King Charles II, Fundator et Patronus .... 39 B y E. S. de Beer The Right Reverend John Wilkins, F.R.S. 47 B y E. J. B owen, F.R.S., and Sir H arold Hartley, F.R.S. The Reverend John Wallis, F.R.S. .... 57 By J. F. Scott Dr Jonathan Goddard, F.R.S. .... 69 By W. S. C. C opeman Sir William Petty, F.R.S............................................................. 79 By Sir Irvine M asson, F.R.S., and A. J. Y oungson Thomas Willis, F.R.S. ..... 9i B y Sir Charles Symonds Sir Christopher Wren, P.R.S. 99 B y Sir John Summerson Wren the Mathematician ..... 107 By D erek T. W hiteside Laurence Rooke ...... 113 By C. A. R onan The Honourable Robert Boyle, F.R.S. 119 B y John F. Fulton Robert Hooke, F.R.S. ..... • 137 By E. N. da C. Andrade, F.R.S. William, Viscount Brouncker, P.R.S. .... 147 By J. F. Scott and Sir Harold H artley, F.R.S. Sir Paul Neile, F.R.S. • • • • * I 59 By C. A. R onan and Sm Harold H artley, F.R.S. William Ball, F.R.S.................................................................................. l67 By Angus Armitage Abraham Hill, F.R.S.
  • Academies of Science in the Seventeenth Century, 9-10 Air, And

    Academies of Science in the Seventeenth Century, 9-10 Air, And

    265 INDEX Academies of science in the seventeenth Bacon, Francis, century, 9-10 his New Atlantis, 9, 32 air, his Novum Organum, 9 and Boyle, 28, 123, 124 his scientific method, 9 and Wren, 27 Ball, William, 167-172 air-pump, and Cassini, 170 and Boyle, 123 his early years, 167 and Hooke, 123 and early scientific meetings in London, 18 alchemy, and the Earth, motion of, 170-1 and Ashmole, 223-224 and Hooke, 170 anatomy, and Huygens, 167-170, 171 and Petty’s Professorship of, 82 and Jupiter, his observations of, 169-170 Andrade, E. N. da C., on Robert Hooke, and the Lectiones Cutlerianae, 170-171 137-145 and magnetism, 168-169 animals, and Moray, 168-169 accurate observations of, in the sixteenth and Neile, 167-168 century, 3 and Oldenburg, 170 Aristotle, and the Royal Society, authority of his writings in the sixteenth first meeting of, 31-2 century, 3 formal constitution of, 1 Armitage, A., on William Ball, 167-172 and Saturn, 161, 167-170 artificial silk, 141 and the Sun, 169 Ashmole, Elias, 221-230 his Treasurership of the Royal Society, 32, and alchemy, 223-4 168-169 and astrology, 222 and Wallis, 167 and Backhouse, 223 and Wren, 167-168 and Charles II, 225, 227 barometer, wheel-type, and Wharton, 222, 224 and Hooke, 140 and Wren, 224 Barrow, and College of Arms, 227 his Chair at Gresham College, 8 his The Institution, laws and ceremonies of the Bathurst, Ralph, most notable Order of the , 227 and early scientific meetings in Oxford, 13, and Tradescant collection, 226, 227, 228 18, 23-24, 26 Ashmolean Museum, and Sthael, 28 foundation of, 227-228 de Beer, E.
  • The Royal College of Physicians and Interregnum Politics

    The Royal College of Physicians and Interregnum Politics

    THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND INTERREGNUM POLITICS by LINDSAY SHARP* When Sir George Clark wrote the official history of the College of Physicians he based much of his research on the private annals of the institution.' His work centred round the constitutional growth and structure ofthe College and proved to be extremely valuable in outlining its organic development throughout four hundred years of exis- tence. The very scale of this task meant that the history was often synoptic rather than exhaustive. Thus, of necessity, it failed at certain points to give a full picture of the wider activities and complex relationships maintained by the Fellows, both individually and corporately. One ofthe periods which received inadequate attention is to be found during the Commonwealth and Protectorate.2 To remedy this situation other com- mentators have since published studies which help to clarify the corporation's history during this period.8 However, certain fundamental questions about the relationship between the College and the government remain unanswered. Why, for example did the administration not reform this monopolistic body which many puritans regarded as socially destructive and professionally corrupt? It certainly did not refrain from taking stringent remedial action in other cases and could easily have reorganized or disbanded the corporation while utilizing the skills of individual Fellows. Instead, the government maintained a stance ofbenign neutrality towards the College, and on several occasions encouraged it to consolidate its influence. Furthermore, certain anomalies can be detected in the in- ternal politics ofthe institution which have usually gone unremarked and unexplained. *Lincsay Sharp, B.A., is The Clifford Norton Research Fellow in the History of Science, Queen's College, Oxford.
  • Oliver Cromwell

    Oliver Cromwell

    Christopher Hill Oliver Cromwell Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy ChristopherHill Oliver Cromwell i Rewolucja Angielska Przełożyła Irena Szymańska Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy 1988 Rozdział l OLIVER CROMWELL I REWOLUCJA ANGIELSKA Gdy książkę czytam, biografię przesławną, Czyż to chce autor - mówię - nazwać ludzkim życiem? Czy ktoś, kiedy już umrę, tak moje życie spisze? (Jak gdyby ktoś naprawdę poznać je potrafił, Skoro sam nieraz mniemam, że mało, nic �goła nie wiem o życiu mym prawdziwym. Garść rozbłyśnięć pamięci, garść nitek wątłych i tropów fałszywych; Z nich tu dla siebie samego obraz próbuję nakreślić.)* Walt Whitman, tdtbla trawy (z cyklu Inskrypcje), 1891-1892 Ileż wciąż pisze się i wydaje książek o Karolu i jego czasach! Tak świeże i trwałe jest ciągle jeszcze zainteresowanie owym wielkim kryzysem moralności, religii i władzy! Ale żadna z tych książek nie jest dziełem geniuszu ani wyobraźni, ani też żaden z autorów nie wydaje się zdolny do wniknięcia w ową epokę; gdyby któremuś się to udało, kaźdej ze stron przypadłoby mni�j pochwał i mniej potępienia. Coleridge, Tab/e Talk (Rozmowy przy stole), 9 listopada 1833 • Przekład Barbary Jabłońskiej. l Oliver Cromwell żył w latach 1599-1658. W ciągu pierwszych czterdziestu lat trudne problemy splatały się w węzeł' który do­ piero w rewolucyjnym dwudziestoleciu 1640-1660 miał zostać rozsupłany lub przecięty. Lepiej chyba zdołamy zrozumieć dzieło jego życia, jeśli najpierw przyjrzymy się owym problemom w ich wzajemnych powiązaniach. Wiek XVII to decydujące stulecie w dziejach Anglii - epoka, w której skończyło się średniowiecze. Zagadnienia, z jakimi bo­ rykała się Anglia, nie były specyficznie angielskie. Cała Europa stanęła w połowie XVII wieku wobec kryzysu, co wyraziło się w serii przesileń, buntów i wojen domowych.