Unit on Apartheid Papers

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Unit on Apartheid Papers Unit on Apartheid Papers No. 12/70 NOTES AND DOCUMENTS* April 1970 THIS IS APARTHEID FACTS AND FIGURES ON SOUTH AFRICA (with special reference to racial discrimination) APARTHEID DAY 3Y DAY SCME PERTINENT STATEMENTS * All material in these notes and documents may be freely reprinted. Acknowledgement, together with a copy of the publication containing the reprint, would be appreciated. CONTENTS Fage FACTS AND FIGURES CN SOUTH AFRICA (with special reference to racial discrimination) 1 1 Population 1 2-9 African Reserves 1 1'" -13 Segregation and forced removals 3 14-37 Salaries c, wages taxes and government expenditure k 38 52 Health and medical services 11 53-59 Education Ik 6 -65 Social disruption 16 66 Repression l8 6T-69 Censorship 18 7C-72 Militaryestablishment 19 73 Police Force 2C Tk South African Airways 2C 75 Immigration 2C 76 Diplomats 2C 77-79 Foreign investment 21 APARTHEID DAY BY DAY 22 Sr.ME PERTINENT STATEMENTS 26 FACTS AND FIGURES ON SOUTH AFRICA (with special reference to racial discrimination) Population 1 19.69 2&.,ÍL?íl?Ü!? Mid-Year^ Estimate^ i Number P§Í..S. e2Í Whites 3,c8c,159 3,728, c00 19 Coloured Persons 1,5C9,053 1,959, c00 10 Asians 591,000 3 Africans 10,927,922 13,3^0,000 68 Total I59 99^,18l 19,618, ce0 ice African Reserves 2 According to the South African Government , the Africans who constitute sixty-eight per cent of the population have rights only in the scattered reserves ("homelands 1') which are now less than twelve per cent of the area of the country and will eventually be expanded to cover thirteen per cent. It claims that the rest of the country is a nwhite area". 3 The Government claims that the Africans constitute eight or nine "nations" and that the reserves are their "homelands". These "homelands" constitute scattered pieces of land 9 as follows: lMumber 01 separate pieces Total area Population of land in the of the reserve Ethnic_ £tcu£) (iq6o r.pr.qus) reserve. .__,.__ jfin rnprgen}___ Xhosa 3,c45,ce0 2 (Transkei) 3,980,647 17 (Ciskei) i,C35,903 Zulu 2,867, ce0 29 3,585,212 Swazi 334, c00 3 519/C57 North Sotho 971, ccc 3 1,947,277 South Sotho ("Witzieshoek) 1,283, c00 1 50, ce0 Tswana 1,149,000 19 4,33C,135 Tsonga (Shangaan) 511, ce0 k 890,716 Venda 246,000 3 935,800 in_of_Statist ics_ 1/ Republic of South Africa , Ml.leit > ?_/ Reply to a question by the Deputy Minister of Bantu Development. ~~House qf_Assembly Debates (Hansard), 7 February ±969, cols. 32C-321. 3/ ..-™.^.«- 2 k Only 591C0,CC0,5 9ICO, CCO, or about thirty-nine per cent 5 of the Africans live in the reserves; the remainder live in the so-called white areas • 5 During the no confidence debate in the House of Assembly in February 1969^ the Leader of the Opposition, Sir de Villiers Graaff said that the standard of living of the African people in the reserves had either remained static or had fallen in the last fifteen or sixteen years. He recalled that the Tomlinson Commission had estimated in the mid-fifties that the income per head in the reserves was 48 rand ($67.20): of this 25*8 rand ($36.10) was earned in the reserves and the remainder was obtained from people working outside the reserves. Dr. Adendorff had estimated that at present the income per head was 53 rand ($74.20) of which 22 rand ($30, 80) was earned in the reserves. Taking the value of money into account, the standard of livingof the people has fallen. 6 In the last six years, new jobs in industry have been created for less than one thousand Africans in all the reserves in South Africa. 7 More than forty per cent of the economically active men in the reserves are absent at any given time 5 working in the mines , factories,, farms and homes in the "white areas". 8 During 1969 about 41,7CC Transkeian Africans were employed in the Transkei; 155 «ACO were away as migratory workers. of Department of Geography at h/ Dr. P. Smitj head the the Africa Institute ? at the Congress of the Association of Geography Education, July 1969. Johannesburg July Reported in The__Star 9 weekly 9 9 12 1969. 5/ House of^ As^embly^_Del)ates_ (Hansard) , 3 February 1969? col. 16. Sir de Leader of Opposition. of_ Assembly 6/ Villiers Graaff 5 the House^ Debates (Hansard), 3 February 1969^ col. 28 of of Geography at the Africa Institute 9 7/ Dr. P. Smit 5 head the Department at the Congress of the Association of Geography Education, July 1969. Johannesburg July Reported in The^Sjtar, weekly 9 9 12 1969. 8/ Muriel Horrell, The African Reseryesjof _ South (1969) , p.119 3 9 The Transkei is so short of resources that of the Transkei Governments budget 2C,3H,CCC ($28 6CC) C, only 5,269,000 total of rand 9 483 9 in1969-197 rand ($79376^600) is derived from Transkeian sources. The rest is covered by grants from the Central Government. Segregation and forced removals 10 A Population Register is maintained by the Department of Interior , in terms of the Population Registration Act, in respect of every person in the country. All persons are classified into racial groups. Records in respect of Africans are maintained separately and cards for each person are filed numerically. Records of all others are maintained collectively. By 1968 c, the records covered an estimated 1C.276 million Africans and 7*5 million others. 11 The Group Areas Act^ condemned by the United Nations, provides for designation of areas for occupation by racial groups or sub-groups, and the forced removal of members of other racial groups to their "own" areas. The Minister of Community Development gave the following statistics for families ordered removed in terms of proclamations under the Group Areas Act: Whites ls3lBl s 3l8 Coloured persons 68,897 Indians 37 9 653 Chinese 899 12 More than half of the entire Indian population of South Africa has been forcibly removed as a result of the "group areas" decisions. It is estimated that two million Africans willhave to be resettled and rehoused in the province of Natal alone during the next five to ten years. 9/ Muriel Horrell, The African^Re serves of^Sputh^ Africa (1969) , p. 119 • IC/ Reply to question in the House of Assembly by the Minister of the Interior. S°_u.s.e Pi. Assembly_De bates (Hansard), 8 March 1968, cols. 177^-1775 • f (Hansard), February 11/ íiouse' o .As^n¿^Jébate.s 17 1970 ? col. 1181. Mr. Eric Winchester, M.P. 9 who made a three-year study of Group Areas and the Department of Community Development, stated that by September 1968 5 more than I,IOO,CCG people had been uprooted from their homes. Quoted in CivileRights;, newsletter of the Civil Rights League, Cape Town, 13 January 19TCT 12/ Ibid. k 13 tors. Helen Suzman, Progressive Farty Kember of Parliament 9 commented in February 19TC: " .•. when the (Group Areas) Act was introduced in 195C, the then kinister of the Interior, Dr. Donges, said that equal sacrifices would be required from all sections ... "But the truth of the matter is that white greed has motivated much of the implementation of the Act, so that the best business" and residential sites could be handed over to the Whites, £¡y^Í£iLL_3£§i^ Ik The average white income per head is about 95 rand ($133- CO) per month, with about 7 rand ($9«8o) Per tftonth for Africans. 15 According to the 1966 statistics of the South African Department of Internal Revenue, 2,lhG persons earned more than 2C,CCO rand (S2B,CCO) of taxable income* Of these, 2,738 were White, k Asian, 2 Coloured and 2 African 16 The number of persons assessed for income tax in 1966-1967 was as follows Whites 1,013,31 c Coloured persons 86,^75 Asians 32,k-9& Africans 2,C45 lj)/ The^Jptar, weekly, Johannesburg, 21 February 1970. April The paper added: lk/ FinajicialJ',a¿l 9 Johannesburg, l8 1969. !TThis is a shocking state of affairs which would never have been tolerated if the African community had the political influence or trade union power it could expect to have in a more advanced society, "Africans have no registered trade unions,, strikes for higher pay are forbidden , their productivity potential is ensnared by a complex mass of laws restricting education, employment and mobility ri and they have no say in the Government they are called on to finance. 15/ The_Star, daily, Johannesburg, l8hay 1968. 16/ Hous'e'of Assembly^ Debates (Hansard), k June 1968, cols. 6kkO-6kkl. 5 IT Africans 9 the poorest section of the population,, are taxed more heavily than whites. AllAfrican men over l8years have to pay a fixed annual tax of 2.5Crand ($3» 5-0* plus a local tax of 1rand ($1.40) for every dwelling hut or unit. They are also liable to tribal levies. Whites do not pay these taxes and levies AllAfricans are to income-tax if they earn more than rand liable ' 360 ($5-4). ("Whites do not pay income-tax on earnings less than 75 r; rand if single or I,CCO rand ifmarried). Africans get no tax relief for dependents. The taxes are deducted from salaries under the P.A.Y.E. system. Whites obtain refunds if the deductions are higher than the tax: the Africans are entitled to no refunds unless Mthe Secretary for Bantu Administration is satisfied that the circumstances of any particular case would warrant a refund 11.
Recommended publications
  • Military Conscription in South Africa, 1952-1972
    Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 35, Nr 1, 2007. doi: 10.5787/35-1-29 46 PATRIOTIC DUTY OR RESENTED IMPOSITION? PUBLIC REACTIONS TO MILITARY CONSCRIPTION IN WHITE SOUTH AFRICA, 1952-1972 __________________________________ Graeme Callister Department of History, University of Stellenbosch1 Introduction It is widely known that from the introduction of the Defence Amendment Act of 1967 (Act no. 85 of 1967) until the fall of apartheid in 1994, South Africa had a system of universal national service for white males, and that the men conscripted into the South African Defence Force (SADF) under this system were engaged in conflicts in Namibia, Angola, and later in the townships of South Africa itself. What is widely ignored however, both in academia and in wider society, is that the South African military relied on conscripts, selected through a ballot system, to fill its ranks for some fifteen years before the introduction of universal service. This article intends to redress this scholastic imbalance. The period of universal military service coincides with the period that saw South Africa in the world’s spotlight, when defeating apartheid was the great crusade in which capitalist and communist alike could engage. It is therefore not surprising that the military of that era has also been studied. Post-1967 universal national service in South Africa has received some attention from scholars, and is generally portrayed as a resented imposition at best. Resistance to conscription is widely covered, especially through the 1980s when organisations such as the Conscientious Objectors Support Group (COSG, formed in 1980) and the End Conscription Campaign (ECC, formed in 1983) gave a more public ‘face’ to the anti-conscription movement.2 However, as can be seen from the relatively late 1 I would like to extend my gratitude to Professor Albert Grundlingh of the University of Stellenbosch for his comments and advice on the first draft of this article.
    [Show full text]
  • Welcome to KPMG Crescent
    Jan Smuts Ave St Andrews M1 Off Ramp Winchester Rd Jan Smuts Off Ramp Welcome to KPMGM27 Crescent M1 North On Ramp De Villiers Graaff Motorway (M1) 85 Empire Road, Parktown St Andrews Rd Albany Rd GPS Coordinates Latitude: -26.18548 | Longitude: 28.045142 85 Empire Road, Johannesburg, South Africa M1 B M1 North On Ramp Directions: From Sandton/Pretoria M1 South Take M1 (South) towards Johannesburg On Ramp Jan Smuts / Take Empire off ramp, at the robot turn left to the KPMG main St Andrews gate. (NB – the Empire entrance is temporarily closed). Continue Off Ramp to Jan Smuts Avenue, turn left and then first left into entrance on Empire Jan Smuts. M1 Off Ramp From South of JohannesburgWellington Rd /M2 Sky Bridge 4th Floor Take M1 (North) towards Sandton/Pretoria Take Exit 14A for Jan Smuts Avenue toward M27 and turn right M27 into Jan Smuts. At Empire Road turn right, at first traffic lights M1 South make a U-turn and travel back on Empire, and left into Jan Smuts On Ramp M17 Jan Smuts Ave Avenue, and first left into entrance. Empire Rd KPMG Entrance KPMG Entrance temporarily closed Off ramp On ramp T: +27 (0)11 647 7111 Private Bag 9, Jan Jan Smuts Ave F: +27 (0)11 647 8000 Parkview, 2122 E m p ire Rd Welcome to KPMG Wanooka Place St Andrews Rd, Parktown NORTH GPS Coordinates Latitude: -26.182416 | Longitude: 28.03816 St Andrews Rd, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa M1 St Andrews Off Ramp Jan Smuts Ave Directions: Winchester Rd From Sandton/Pretoria Take M1 (South) towards Johannesburg Take St Andrews off ramp, at the robot drive straight to the KPMG Jan Smuts main gate.
    [Show full text]
  • The White Opposition Splits
    12 THE WHITE OPPOSITION SPLITS STANLEY UYS Political Correspondent of the 'Sunday Times1 THE annual congress of the official South African Parliamentary Opposition or United Party in August last year, on the eve of the Provincial Elections, resulted in the resignation of almost a quarter of its Members of Parliament and the formation of a new white political party—the Progressives. Amidst the exhuma­ tions and excuses, analyses and adjustments that followed, two highly significant conclusions emerged—the official Parliamentary Opposition has swung substantially to the right, narrowing the already narrow gap between Government and United Party on the doctrines of race rule; and, for the first time in South African history, a substantial white Parliamentary Party with wide, if not dominant, electoral support in many urban areas, had come into existence specifically in order to propagate a more liberal policy in race relations. The origin of the Progressive break must be sought in the right-wing ''rethinking" resulting from the total failure of the United Party to avoid a steady electoral decline during the n years in which it has been in Opposition. In 1948, the Nationalist Party came to power with a majority of fewer than half-a-dozen M.P.s. Today, it has two-thirds of the House of Assembly, partly due to the completely one-sided character of the electoral system (particularly delimitation methods) and partly to the growing numerical superiority of the Afrikaner. It did not take the United Party long to evolve the view that there was no profit in battering its head against a stone wall, and that the only chance of success lay in winning over "moderate'' Nationalist voters.
    [Show full text]
  • A1132-Ba2-002-Jpeg.Pdf
    - ■ m m m Two-voice plan bristles with contradictions N the first two articles I either individuals or racial be shared with all those non- wrote that United Party groups, and apart from a brief Europeans who have shown that I reference to what was clearly they have the capacity to take speakers often contradict joint responsibility with us for each other and even them­ meant as safeguards between the future development of selves in their statements on the two White sections and South Afriea.” ("Weekblad,” which was made in the "Ordered 1 7 . 3 . 6 1 . ) COUNTS v> their race federation plan. In the tame speech the Advance” pamphlet issued by OLITICAL parties, more | Those contradictions are no leader of the United Party doubt an indication that the Sir De Villiers Graaff on Oc­ than most other organisa- S tober 25, 1960, I could find little went on to say: "W e want j P! tions of people, reflect the whole plan was rather hur­ them (the Africans) to be re­ W , i riedly conceived and pre­ or no reference to constitutional , quality of human material safeguards in United Party presented by eight European \ j they embody. In other words maturely horn and that the members, elected by those I good people tend to make for f leaders of the United Party policy. Natives who have shown them- ■ | a good party, indifferent j have not even considered Nevertheless the United selves to be responsible citi­ people for an indifferent party, ï certain vital aspects of their Party has as its main policy plank, the safeguarding of zens of our country." But ham and bad people for a bad party.
    [Show full text]
  • Colin Eglin, the Progressive Federal Party and the Leadership of the Official Parliamentary Opposition, 1977‑1979 and 1986‑1987
    Journal for Contemporary History 40(1) / Joernaal vir Eietydse Geskiedenis 40(1): 1‑22 © UV/UFS • ISSN 0285‑2422 “ONE OF THE ARCHITECTS OF OUR DEMOCRACY”: COLIN EGLIN, THE PROGRESSIVE FEDERAL PARTY AND THE LEADERSHIP OF THE OFFICIAL PARLIAMENTARY OPPOSITION, 1977‑1979 AND 1986‑1987 FA Mouton1 Abstract The political career of Colin Eglin, leader of the Progressive Federal Party (PFP) and the official parliamentary opposition between 1977‑1979 and 1986‑1987, is proof that personality matters in politics and can make a difference. Without his driving will and dogged commitment to the principles of liberalism, especially his willingness to fight on when all seemed lost for liberalism in the apartheid state, the Progressive Party would have floundered. He led the Progressives out of the political wilderness in 1974, turned the PFP into the official opposition in 1977, and picked up the pieces after Frederik van Zyl Slabbert’s dramatic resignation as party leader in February 1986. As leader of the parliamentary opposition, despite the hounding of the National Party, he kept liberal democratic values alive, especially the ideal of incremental political change. Nelson Mandela described him as, “one of the architects of our democracy”. Keywords: Colin Eglin; Progressive Party; Progressive Federal Party; liberalism; apartheid; National Party; Frederik van Zyl Slabbert; leader of the official parliamentary opposition. Sleutelwoorde: Colin Eglin; Progressiewe Party; Progressiewe Federale Party; liberalisme; apartheid; Nasionale Party; Frederik van Zyl Slabbert; leier van die amptelike parlementêre opposisie. 1. INTRODUCTION The National Party (NP) dominated parliamentary politics in the apartheid state as it convinced the majority of the white electorate that apartheid, despite the destruction of the rule of law, was a just and moral policy – a final solution for the racial situation in the country.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Section 18A Approved PBO's V1 0 7 Jan 04
    List of Public Benefit Organisations (PBO) approved in terms of section 18A of the Income Tax Act as at 31 December 2003: Name of PBO: Exemption Application No: 46664 Concerts 930004984 Aandmymering ACVV Tehuis Bejaardes 18/11/13/2738 ABC Kleuterskool 930005938 Abraham Kriel Maria Kloppers Children's Home 18/11/13/1444 Abri Foundation Charitable Trust 18/11/13/2950 Access College 930000702 ACVV Aberdeen 930010293 ACVV Aberdeen Aalwyn Ouetehuis 930010021 ACVV Adcock/van der Vyver Behuisingskema 930010259 ACVV Albertina 930009888 ACVV Alexandra 930009955 ACVV Baakensvallei Sentrum 930006889 ACVV Bothasig Creche Dienstak 930009637 ACVV Bredasdorp 930004489 ACVV Britstown 930009496 ACVV Britstown Huis Daniel 930010753 ACVV Calitzdorp 930010761 ACVV Calvinia 930010018 ACVV Carnarvon 930010546 ACVV Ceres 930009817 ACVV Colesberg 930010535 ACVV Cradock 930009918 ACVV Creche Prieska 930010756 ACVV Danielskuil 930010531 ACVV De Aar 930010545 ACVV De Grendel Versorgingsoord 930010401 ACVV Delft Versorgingsoord 930007024 ACVV Dienstak Bambi Versorgingsoord 930010453 ACVV Disa Tehuis Tulbach 930010757 ACVV Dolly Vermaak 930010184 ACVV Dysseldorp 930009423 ACVV Elizabeth Roos Tehuis 930010596 ACVV Franshoek 930010755 ACVV George 930009501 ACVV Graaff Reinet 930009885 ACVV Graaff Reinet Huis van de Graaff 930009898 ACVV Grabouw 930009818 ACVV Haas Das Care Centre 930010559 ACVV Heidelberg 930009913 ACVV Hester Hablutsel Versorgingsoord Dienstak 930007027 ACVV Hoofbestuur Nauursediens vir Kinderbeskerming 930010166 ACVV Huis Spes Bona 930010772 ACVV
    [Show full text]
  • Johannes De Villiers Graaff1 Johannes De Villiers Graaff, Known
    Johannes de Villiers Graaff1 Johannes de Villiers Graaff, known more simply as Jan Graaff, shared with that other great son of the Boland, JM Coetzee, the somewhat terrifying power of silent authority which comes from that mixture of brilliant intelligence combined with surprising shyness. Small talk was not part of his character and he could be a highly intimidating presence to those who met him. But for those, family and friends, who got to know him, he was a warm and wonderful human being and could be a great storyteller. Once, when he was trapped in a window seat on a flight to London and I was in the aisle, I was able to ask him a lot of questions which he could not escape, so I learnt a good deal. Why, for example, was he (whom we lesser mortals all knew to be the greatest economist that South Africa had produced and who loved his discipline) not willing to join the faculty of one of our universities to teach students? His answer was that he had tried teaching in Cambridge and in Harvard but had decided that the internecine departmental politics that he encountered was so offensive that he resolved never to spend his working life in such an environment. And so, Paul Samuelson from MIT, writing in the pages of the Economic Journal in September 1958 when Jannie Graaff was only 30 but had already decided to leave academia, lamented that “economics has lost so able a mind”. Joan Robinson said that he was the brightest PhD student that Cambridge had ever had.
    [Show full text]
  • OD Section (Pdf)
    ARE YOU ELIGIBLE FOR A BRITISH PASSPORT? If a parent or grandparent was born in the UK, Ireland or outside of South Africa, then you or your children may qualify for British Nationality. We are the world’s leading experts in UK immigration and nationality. Since 1992, we have helped thousands of South Africans navigate the complex path to British citizenship. Call one of our nationality advisors to find out whether you or your children qualify. e: [email protected] | UK: +44 (0) 207 759 7581 | SA: 021 657 2139 www.philipgamble.co.uk 573560 PG Blue Sky Advert A5.indd 1 2/13/2015 2:01:30 PM June 2015 OD Union 113 OLD DIOCESANS UNION 50 Year Reunion CONTENTS ROLL OF HONOUR 114 NOTES FROM OD UNION OFFICE 117 SOCIAL REGISTER Visitors, births, engagements, marriages, wedding anniversaries and octogenerians 124 OBITUARIES 129 NEWS OF ODs 143 OD UNION SPOrt 151 Class reunions 162 MUSEUM & ARCHIVES 172 OD AGM 173 114 OD Union June 2015 ROLL OF HONOUR Their name liveth for ever In June we remember: THE GREAT WAR 1914-1919 Lawrence (‘Laurie’) Anderson (1909-15) Lieut, RFC. Flanders, 11 June 1917 Gordon Bayley (1902-08) Lieut, Royal Flying Corps. France, June 1914 Edward Bramley (1888-89) Lieut, NLC. France, June 1921 Robert Hunter (1900-07) Lieut, 1st King Edward’s Force. June 1920 Percy Johnstone (1906-08) Trooper. Died of wounds in East Africa, June 1916 Harry Lee (1902-03) Lieut Irish Guards. Died of wounds in France, 18 June 1916 Archibald Mansfield (1902-05) Pvt, 1st SA Infantry.
    [Show full text]
  • NC79 December 2017 Edition.Indb
    New Contree, No. 79, December 2017, Book Reviews, pp. 184-197 Die slotbeskouing van die boek is geskryf deur Mamokgethi Setati Phakeng van die Universiteit van Kaapstad. Sy het die hoop uitgespreek dat die boek Good Hope “is the start of a new way of representing the ties between the Netherlands and South Africa … (and that) we can look forward to tracing South African tracks in Dutch culture, political economy and science”. Sy meld dat baie van die bydraes in die boek gefokus het op die impak van Ned- erland op Suid-Afrika. Sy sou graag wou sien dat daar meer aandag geskenk word aan Suid-Afrikaanse invloed op Nederland. Good Hope is ’n baie besondere boek, veral omdat dit die geskiedenis lewen- dig en aanskoulik voorstel. Aan die einde van die boek is daar 20 bladsye inligting oor endnote, ’n uitgebreide bronnelys, ook wat al die illustrasies betref. Bondige inligting oor al die outeurs word ook verskaf. Die boek word van harte aanbeveel vir almal wat in Nederlands-Suid-Afrikaanse betrekkinge belangstel. Iron in the soul: The leaders of the official parliamentary opposition in South Africa, 1910-1993 (Pretoria, Protea Book House, 2017, 224 pp. ISBN 978-1-4853-0550-7) FA Mouton Charmaine T Hlongwane North-West University [email protected] FA Mouton is a renowned historian who has written extensively about South African political history and Afrikaner nationalism. In his recent book Iron in the soul: Leaders of the official parliamentary opposition in South Africa,he analyses the careers of official opposition leaders in the South African parlia- ment between 1910 and 1993.
    [Show full text]
  • Albert Hertzog's “Calvinist Speech” and the Verlig
    62 AUTHOR: ALBERT HERTZOG’S “CALVINIST Weronika Muller1 AFFILIATION: SPEECH” AND THE VERLIG- 1Doctoral student, VERKRAMPSTRYD: THE ORIGINS Department of History, OF THE RIGHT-WING MOVEMENT University of South Africa IN SOUTH AFRICA EMAIL: [email protected] DOI: https://dx.doi. ABSTRACT org/10.18820/24150509/ SJCH46.v1.4 This article analyses the role Dr Albert Hertzog, an ultra- conservative Afrikaner Nationalist, played in the formation ISSN 0258-2422 (Print) of South Africa’s right-wing movement. It focuses on ISSN 2415-0509 (Online) his “Calvinist speech” of 1969 due to its historical Southern Journal for significance for the unity of the National Party (NP) and as a broad summary of Hertzog’s personal opinion Contemporary History on the politics of South Africa. The speech contrasted 2021 46(1):62-85 liberal English with Calvinistic Afrikaners and concluded that only an Afrikaner true to Calvinistic principles could PUBLISHED: succeed in leading the nation through the perilous times 23 July 2021 they were facing. This opinion was considered offensive to the English population as well as to “enlightened” Nationalists like the Prime Minister, John Vorster. The article will examine how the controversy surrounding the speech precipitated a split in the NP; those expelled formed a right-wing party that failed to gain considerable support. When apartheid was being dismantled in the early 1990s, the movement did not pose a serious threat to the ruling party despite vows that Afrikaners would never surrender their power but rather fight to the bitter end. The failure of these ultra-conservatives originated in the verlig-verkrampstryd of the 1960s, in which Hertzog played a significant role.
    [Show full text]
  • (Kent) Durr PV647
    Inventory of the private collection of KDS (Kent) Durr PV647 Contact Us Write to: Archive for Contemporary Affairs University of the Free State P.O. Box 2320 Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa Visit us: Archive for Contemporary Affairs Stef Coetzee Building Room 109 Academic Avenue South University of the Free State 205 Nelson Mandela Drive Park West Bloemfontein Telephone: +27(0)51 401 2418 Email: [email protected] PV647 KDS (Kent) Durr FILE NO SERIES SUB-SERIES DESCRIPTION DATES 647 DURR, KDS 1/1/1/ 1 SUBJECT FILES 1/1 Diaries, correspondence, 1983- (KENT) Chronological newspaper cuttings, notes etc. of 1985 files 1983-1985 647 DURR, KDS 1/1/2/ 1 SUBJECT FILES 1/1 Diaries, correspondence, 1986 (KENT) Chronological newspaper cuttings, notes etc. of files 1986 647 DURR, KDS 1/1/3/ 1 SUBJECT 1/1 Diaries, correspondence, 1986- (KENT) FILES Chronological newspaper cuttings, notes etc. of 1987 files 1986-1987 647 DURR, KDS 1/1/4/ 1 SUBJECT FILES 1/1 Diaries, correspondence, 1989- (KENT) Chronological newspaper cuttings, notes etc. of 1990 files 1989-1990 647 DURR, KDS 1/1/5/ 1 SUBJECT FILES 1/1 Diaries, correspondence, 1991 (KENT) Chronological newspaper cuttings, notes etc. of files 1991 647 DURR, KDS 1/1/6/ 1 SUBJECT FILES 1/1 Diaries, correspondence, 1992 (KENT) Chronological newspaper cuttings, notes etc. of files 1992 647 DURR, KDS 1/1/7/ 1 SUBJECT FILES 1/1 Diaries, correspondence, 1993 (KENT) Chronological newspaper cuttings, notes etc. of files 1993 647 DURR, KDS 1/1/8/ 1 SUBJECT FILES 1/1 Diaries, correspondence, 1994 (KENT) Chronological newspaper cuttings, notes etc.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise of the South African Reich
    The Rise of the South African Reich http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.crp3b10036 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org The Rise of the South African Reich Author/Creator Bunting, Brian; Segal, Ronald Publisher Penguin Books Date 1964 Resource type Books Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) South Africa, Germany Source Northwestern University Libraries, Melville J. Herskovits Library of African Studies, 960.5P398v.12cop.2 Rights By kind permission of Brian P. Bunting. Description "This book is an analysis of the drift towards Fascism of the white government of the South African Republic.
    [Show full text]