INDEX

Aaron, Khazar ruler 240 Animal husbandry 228 Abasgia, see Abkhazia Ankori, Zvi 56, 143 ‘Abbâsids, see Caliphate Antony, Archbishop of Bosporos 171 ‘Abd al-Malik, Umayyad caliph (685–705) Apiculture 215, 228 375 Arab Geographers 173, 176, 183, 185 ‘Abd al-Ramân b. Rabî‘a al-Bâhilî 378 Arab Historians 176 Abkhaz, Abkhazia (Abasgia, Abxazia, Arab Sources 183, 186 Ap‘xazet‘i) 136, 172, 305 and n. 75, Arabia, Arabs 47, 164, 167, 179, 216, 341 n. 148, 347, 348 358, 374, 431–32 Abo of Tbilisi (Georgian saint) 135, Arabo-Khazar wars 35, 137, 142 151, 347–50 Second civil war 173 Abraham ibn Daud 149 Araxes 164 Abu’l-Faraj ibn al-‘Ibrî, see Bar Hebraeus Ardabîl 167 Abu’l-Qâsim Sa‘îd al-Andalusî 199 Arkhipov A.A. 263 Adiabene 153 Armenia 146, 151, 164, 167, 376, 431 Adygeis 364 The Armenian Geography, see Africa 385 Ašxarhac’oyc’ +Ak 79, 91 Árpád 188, 252, 269, 274, 275 Amad b. Kûyâ 138 Arsiya 377, see also Ors Ajbabin, A.I. 425, 432 Aryans 362, 366 Akatzirs 37, 52, 54, 401 Asia Minor, see Anatolia Akhiezer, Golda 110 Asian Sarmatia 418–19, 425 Akopjan (Hakobyan), A. 404–5, 407 Askold 246, 247, 252 , Alania 34, 36, 46, 50, 59–67, 124, Asparukh, Asparhruk 418–19, 427–28, 181–83, 192, 220, 240, 304 and n. 65, 432 305 n. 69, 306 n. 80, 308, 322, 348, 352, Ašxarhac’oyc’, Ašxarhats’uyts’ (The 421–22 “Armenian Geography” of Pseudo- conversion to Christianity 124 Movsês Xorenac’i, see also Širakec’i, Albania (Caucasian) 124, 164, 403, Ananias) 315–18, 418, 422–23, 425, 406–07, 409, 413, 416, 428, 430–31 427–29 Alexander, Byzantine Emperor (912–913) Artamonov Mixail I. 20, 26–29, 31–35, 166 38, 39, 45, 48, 54, 152, 155, 159, 202, Alexandria 230 205, 248, 252, 402, 403, 427 Alfraganus 198, 204 Ashina, Ašina, A-shih-na (Türk royal Alma 220 clan) 32, 37, 53, 158, 317, 403, 404 Almush clan 274 Ashkenazic , Ashkenazim 56, Ałp Iłut‘uêr (Alp Elteber) 124, 429 355, 363, 365, 366, see also Jews, East Altaic peoples and languages 123 European Altheim, Franz 198, 205, 270 diseases 397 Alupka (Alubikha, Alupha) 122, 220 ethnogenesis 387–97 Alus 220 ethnographic evidence 396 Amastris 170 Asia Minor (see also Anatolia) 165 Amphoras 225–6, 241–43 Astel, see Atıl Ananias of Širak, see Širakec’i, Ananias Atıl (Atïl, Atil, Astel, At’l, Itil, Etil) 2, Anatolia 164, 414 34, 35, 144, 155, 161, 174, 175, 208–15, Annals of Salzburg 275 218, 228–30, 233, 241, 375, 419, 422, al-Andalus 379, 380, 381, 386 424 448 index

mosques in 383 Bentley, Jerry H. 126–27 Muslims in 377, 383, see also Khazar Berbers 394 Muslims Beresovets D.T. 253 Atropatene (Persian Azarbayjan) 164 Bessarabia 48 Austria 387 Bezverkhii, Viktor 362, 363 Avars (“Pseudo-Avars”) 271, 272, 389, Bilge Qağan, Eastern Türk Ruler 397, 414, 421 (716–734) 126 Azarbayjan (Adarbâyjân, Azerbaijan) Birnbaum H. 264 147, 151, 167, 406 Birth, miraculous (of rulers) 130 Azov, Sea of 221, 226, 233, 243, 424 Bithynia 179, 181 Black Sea 170, 174–75, 182, 183, 233 Bâb al-Abwâb, see Darband Bluč‘an 350–351 Babalikashvili, Nissan 116, 117 Bögü Uyğur Qağan (759–779) 128, 129 Baghdad 231, 233 Bolgar (Bulğar) language, see Turkic al-Bakrî, Abu ‘Ubaid 149, 196, 197, 200, languages, Bulğar, Oğuric/Bulğaric- 204, 205 Čuvaš al-Balâdhurî (al-Beládsori), Amad b. Bolgar-Chuvash branch, see Turkic Yayâ b. Jâbir 142, 153, 201, 202, 205 languages, Oğuric/Bulğaric-Čuvaš Balanjar (Balandjar) 45, 378 Boluščï 88–89 Balashov, Dmitri 358 Bombaci, Alessio 403, 412, 413 Bálint, Csanád 48 Boris, Ruler of Balkan Bulgaria (852–889) Balkan, Balkans 178, 179 139 immigration to the German Bosporus (city), conquered by lands 392, 396–97 430 Balkh 229 Bruckus (Brutzkus) J.D. 20 Baghdad 231, 233 Buddhism 123, 125, 126, 130 Baltic Sea 209, 234, 235, 237, 239 Buğa the Elder 9, 203, 351–52 Barac (Baratz) G.M. 20 Bulan (Khazar ruler) 33, 147, 154 Baranov, I.A. 222, 223, 243 Bulğar (Bulghar, Bolgar), Bulğars 221, Barč/Warâz/Bolčân clan 37, 155 222, 223, 225, 272, 417–19, 424, 427, Bar Hebraeus, Gregory Abu’l-Faraj ibn 428 al-‘Ibrî 198 Balkan 125, 139, 164, 167, 168, 175, Barley 222 178, 179, 180, 181, 187, 432 Baron, Salo W. 55 Black 240 Bartol’d Vasilij V. (Barthold, Wilhelm) Danubian 275 201, 205 Kuban 60, 63 Barsalia, Bersâlia, Berzilia 401, 421–24, Pontic 34, 36, 125 426 Proto-Bulğaric 36, 41, 51, 424, 427 (Baslk’, Basłk’, Barsilk’, Tithe 238, 241 Barselt) 54, 419, 421, 424–28, 430 Tribute 238 Bashkiria, 186, 272, 422–23 Volga 23, 35, 42, 44, 125, 128, 143, Basil I, Byzantine Emperor (867–886) 148, 172, 181, 182, 183, 186, 192, 166, 255, 400 212, 213, 227–38, 240, 241, 244, 422, Basil II, Byzantine Emperor (976–1025) 427 166, 169 Bulğaric, see Oğuric Barûlâ, see also Barsils 422–23 Burâ 227–29, 231, 241 Bat Bayan 273 Agriculture 228 Beavers, see Trade Products Craft production 228 Beg, see Khazars, Qağan Beg Furs 228 (Burâî) Beilis V. M. 202, 203, 205 Buyids 178 Belarus’, Belarusian 390–91, 394–95 Bwsxk’, Bwšxk’ (Bušxk’) 419, 422 Bela Veža, see Byzantium, Byzantines 7, 32, 35, 43, Belgorod 368 44, 59, 61, 124, 136, 140, 144, 154, 161, , Khazar ruler 240 164, 165, 172, 218, 221, 223, 224, 225,