DOCSLIB.ORG

The Delhi Sultanate Under Sultan Muhammd Tughluq (1351 A.D.)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Delhi Sultanate Under Sultan Muhammd Tughluq (1351 A.D.) i EDUCATION SYSTEM IN MUSLIM INDIA (1206-1707 A.D.) SUBMITTED BY ANILLA MOBASHER DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB FEBURARY, 2013 ii EDUCATION SYSTEM IN MUSLIM INDIA (1206-1707 A.D.) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HISTORY BY ANILLA MOBASHER DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY GOVT. POST GRADUATE ISLAMIA COLLEGE (W) COOPER ROAD, LAHORE SUBMITTED TO DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB FEBBURARY 2013 iii DECLARATION I hereby declare that this Ph. D. dissertation is the result of my individual effort and that it has not been submitted concurrently to the other University for any other Degree. ANILLA MOBASHER iv v DEDICATED TO PROPHET MUHAMMAD (PBUH) WHO ILLUMINATED MANKIND THROUGH OUT THE AGES. vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost I would like to thank Allah Almighty, the most Gracious, most Merciful. It was with His will, grace and guidance that this entire project came into existence. I would like to express extreme gratitude to my Supervisor Professor Dr. S. Qalib-i-Abid for his encouragement and support, without whom this project would not have been possible. It was my good fortune to work under such a scholarly, knowledgeable personality and no words can express my gratitude to him. I am thankful to Professor Dr. M. Iqbal Chawla for his vital suggestions in the write up of this thesis. I would also like to express my tremendous gratitude to Dr. Faraz Anjum who took out precious time to read through some of the chapters and provided invaluable suggestions. His advice, guidelines and remarks proved very fruitful, for which I am extremely grateful. I am indebted to the entire Department of History at University of the Punjab for their collaboration and assistance. I am obliged to the Library staffs of Department of History and Central Library, University of the Punjab. The cooperation of Madam Faiqa Bhatti, Chief Librarian Chaudary Muhammad Hanif, Ijaz Ahmad Malik Bhai and Khurshid Bhai was exceptional and very moving. I would also like to acknowledge the help provided by the stenographer Mr. Imran in editing the references. I am thankful to my entire family: my husband Dr. Mobasher Ahmad who supported me throughout this work and whose cooperation strengthened me throughout the years. My vii daughters Afroze, Fizza, Arooj and Abeer who were my helping hands whenever I needed them. Last but not least my mother, Mrs. Dr. Zamir Hasan, whose prayers for my well being have always kept me going. February, 2013. Anilla Mobasher viii CONTENTS DECLARATION----------------------------------------------------iii CERTIFICATE------------------------------------------------------iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS----------------------------------------vi ABSTRACT----------------------------------------------------------ix MAPS------------------------------------------------------------------x INTRODUCTION----------------------------------------------------1 CHAPTERS 1. PATRONAGE OF LEARNING AND ........................... 16 EDUCATION UNDER THE DELHI SULTANS 2. PATRONAGE OF LEARNING AND ........................... 48 EDUCATION UNDER THE GREAT MUGHALS 3. CURRICULUM AND METHOD OF IMPARTING .... 96 EDUCATION UNDER THE DELHI SULTANS AND GREAT MUGHALS 4. MEANS OF EDUCATION, LIBRARIES ................... 160 AND THE AVAILABILITY OF BOOKS 5. EDUCATION AND CONTRIBUTION OF ............... 209 FEMALES AND HINDUS UNDER THE DELHI SULTANS AND GREAT MUGHALS CONCLUSION ................................................................ 240 GLOSSARY ..................................................................... 246 GENEOLOGICAL TABLE OF DELHI SULTANS AND GREAT MUGHALS ....................................................... 247 APPENDIX ....................................................................... 251 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................ 255 ix ABSTRACT This research provides an in depth analysis of the course and changes through which Muslim India’s educational system passed through from 1206 A.D. to 1707 A.D. It gives a detailed account of how the curriculum, patronage from Rulers, methods of teaching and learning institutes of five centuries together formed a system of education. Four institutes are identified as the prime centres that played a pivotal role in dispensing knowledge and creating an environment of learning: the madrassas, mosques, khanqahs and private homes of scholars. Their complementary roles are discussed and appreciated. This study also highlights the excellent dynamics between the Rulers, students and teachers that led to the development of a remarkable teacher- student-ruling elite triad that gradually flourished to become the key element of this system. Finally the attention paid to female education and the provisions made to Hindus in this period are also addressed in detail. This research argues that the system of education was an adequate mix of transmitted and rational sciences. Even without examinations, its ijazah system successfully produced learned students. The system proved at par to prepare its students to seek higher studies abroad. Education, far from being ignored by the Rulers of this period, received their constant attention and support in the form of endowments. Though this system had an air of stagnancy and lacked practical subjects, it was successful in the general education of Indians, in the honest bond that existed between pupil and master, in the numerous literary works produced in this period and in producing encyclopaedic intellectuals whose literary standards equaled those of the Safavids or Ottomans of the same period. x The Delhi Sultanate under Sultan Muhammd Tughluq (1351 A.D.) Source: Karl J. Schmidt, An Atlas and Survey under South Asian History (New York: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 1995), 41. xi The Mughal Empire 1707 A.D. Source: The Magnificent Mughals, Ed. Zeenut Ziad (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2002). 1 INTRODUCTION If we observe Muslim philosophical thought from the inception of Islam onwards, we witness an immense emphasis laid on educational aspirations.1 This phenomenon was a consequence of the centrality that knowledge had in Islam. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), the last Messenger of Monotheism, had great devotion to knowledge and science which distinguished him from his predecessors and brought him to close affinity with the modern world of thought.2 He preached the value of knowledge through numerous traditions, “The seeking of knowledge is obligatory for every Muslim” 3 and “The learned are the heirs of the Prophets.”4 The formation of an educational system began during the Prophet’s life. Nine mosque-schools were established in Madinah and the Prophet (PBUH) himself would go to these for talks and discussions with students. Women were also taught along with men. In each neighbourhood of the city primary schools were established for the education of little children.5 It was these traditions set by the Prophet (PBUH) that generations of coming Muslims would ardently take to heart and follow. The format of primary schools imparting religious education became the basic foundation from which centuries of Muslim education would grow. With knowledge holding such a significant position in their religion, Arab Muslims began to make immeasurable contributions to the wisdom of the world in medieval years.6 7 No wonder Robert Briffault claimed in the Making of Humanity that 1Mansoor A. Quraishi, Some Aspects of Muslim Education (Lahore: Universal Books, 1983), 3. 2Syed Ameer Ali, The Spirit of Islam (Lahore: Ilm-o-Irfan Publishers, ) 314. 3Al-Tirmidhi, Hadith Number 74. 4Abu Dawood, Book of Knowledge, Book Number 25, Hadith Number 1631. 5Dr. Muhammad Hamidullah, Uhd-e-Nabi Main Nizam-e-Huqamrani (Karachi: ,1987), 198-199, 206. 6George Sarton, Introduction to the History of Science, vol. 1 (Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Company, 1927), 17. 2 renaissance owed its birth to Islam.8 The spiritual encouragement of religion, the resourcefulness of Arabic language and a driving force of genuine curiosity kindled the intellectual advancement of Muslims in the ninth, tenth and eleventh century.9 Though the Ummayyad Caliphs focused more on territorial expansion than the literary development of the empire, many more branches of learning, grammar, history, geography and science sprang up during their period.10 Basra and Kufa became centres of intellectual activity where students from all around gathered for learning Arabic pronunciation and the recitation of poems. The Basra school produced well known personalities like Hasan al-Basri and Muhammad ibn Sereen who were the leading lights of Basra in their days. In Kufa, the school of Abdullah ibn Masud also produced well known students of the Quran.11 Under the Abbasid Caliphate, education and learning reached the climax of its development. The enlightened Caliphs were distinguished patrons of learning and the learned.12 Both elementary schools and the schools for higher education were established throughout the Caliphate. Elementary schools were usually attached to mosques where the Quran was used as a textbook. Maktabs also served as elementary schools.13 These schools usually taught reading, writing, arithmetic, traditions of the Prophet (PBUH) and devotional poems.14 Particular emphasis was laid on Arabic 7The term Arab here refers to Arabic speaking people and not to any particular geographic location. 8Robert Briffault, Making of Humanity (New South Wales: G. Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1919), 188-201. See also Fernand Braudel, A History
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Purana Qila.Indd 1 1/25/1015/03/11 12:46:30 1:44 PM 1
    8. THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM The Archaeological Museum a walk around The interesting Archaeological Museum next to Bada Darwaza is devoted to the archaeological finds at Purana Qila; and also the history of Delhi. PURANA The exhibits at the museum trace in chronological order the history of Delhi. Another interesting part of the museum is its QILA collection of photographs of work at the Purana Qila archaeological site. The Museum is housed in part of Purana Qila itself. The hall is part of the original fort and there is fine incised plaster, in the form of medallions, on the vaulted roof of the museum. Lal Darwaza 10. LAL DARWAZA On Mathura Road opposite Purana Qila is another structure that is often associated with Purana Qila: Lal Darwaza (`red gate’). It was built during the reign of Sher Shah Sur (the early 16th century) and is one of the few remains of Sher Garh outside of Purana Qila. It is approached via a short road flanked by thick walls made of rubble and marked by a series of recessed arches forming kiosk-like structures, which may have been shops. At the end of this short stretch is the gate, which stands between two curving bastions. The gate is dressed with red sandstone, with some buff sandstone and grey Delhi quartzite, and there are signs of decorative elements such as jharokhas and medallions which have since fallen off. Very minor traces of ornamentation do remain, for instance on the jharokha to the left is some fine blue glazed tile, along with carving. 9.
    [Show full text]
  • Muslim Nationalism, State Formation and Legal Representations of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan
    Politics of Exclusion: Muslim Nationalism, State Formation and Legal Representations of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan by Sadia Saeed A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Sociology) in The University of Michigan 2010 Doctoral Committee: Professor George P. Steinmetz, Chair Professor Howard A. Kimeldorf Associate Professor Fatma Muge Gocek Associate Professor Genevieve Zubrzycki Professor Mamadou Diouf, Columbia University © Sadia Saeed 2010 2 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my parents with my deepest love, respect and gratitude for the innumerable ways they have supported my work and choices. ii Acknowledgements I would like to begin by acknowledging the immense support my parents have given me every step of the way during my (near) decade in graduate school. I have dedicated this dissertation to them. My ammi and baba have always believed in my capabilities to accomplish not only this dissertation but much more in life and their words of love and encouragement have continuously given me the strength and the will to give my research my very best. My father‘s great enthusiasm for this project, his intellectual input and his practical help and advice during the fieldwork of this project have been formative to this project. I would like to thank my dissertation advisor George Steinmetz for the many engaged conversations about theory and methods, for always pushing me to take my work to the next level and above all for teaching me to recognize and avoid sloppiness, caricatures and short-cuts. It is to him that I owe my greatest intellectual debt.
    [Show full text]
  • Typesetting Khalfaoui
    Pluralism and Plurality in Islamic Legal Scholarship The Modern Muslim World 11 Series Editorial Board Marcia Hermansen Martin Nguyen Hina Azam Joas Wagemakers Ussama Makdisi Advisory Editorial Board Talal Asad Tijana Krstic Khaled Abou El Fadl Ebrahim Moosa Amira Bennison Adam Sabra Islam Dayeh Armando Salvatore Marwa Elshakry Adam Talib Rana Hisham Issa This series will provide a platform for scholarly research on Islamic and Muslim thought, emerging from any geographical area and dated to any period from the 17th century until the present day. Pluralism and Plurality in Islamic Legal Scholarship The Case of the Fatāwā l-ʿĀlamgīrīya Mouez Khalfaoui gp 2021 Gorgias Press LLC, 954 River Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA www.gorgiaspress.com 2021 Copyright © by Gorgias Press LLC All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise without the prior written permission of Gorgias Press LLC. 2021 ܘ 1 ISBN 978-1-4632-4231-2 gp Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A Cataloging-in-Publication Record is available at the Library of Congress. Printed in the United States of America TABLE OF CONTENTS Author’s Preface for the English Translation ............................ ix Introduction .............................................................................. 1 1. The Historical Context: South Asia in the Seventeenth Century ...................................................................... 2 2. Interfaith Relations in Seventeenth-Century South Asia ........................................................................... 6 3. Pluralism: More Than Just Tolerance ........................... 12 4. Corpus, Hypothesis and Research Method ................... 14 5. Aims and Methodology ................................................ 20 Chapter One.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Entries
    List of Entries A Ahmad Raza Khan Barelvi 9th Month of Lunar Calendar Aḥmadābād ‘Abd al-Qadir Bada’uni Ahmedabad ‘Abd’l-RaḥīmKhān-i-Khānān Aibak (Aybeg), Quṭb al-Dīn Abd al-Rahim Aibek Abdul Aleem Akbar Abdul Qadir Badauni Akbar I Abdur Rahim Akbar the Great Abdurrahim Al Hidaya Abū al-Faḍl ‘Alā’ al-Dīn Ḥusayn (Ghūrid) Abū al-Faḍl ‘Allāmī ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Khaljī Abū al-Faḍl al-Bayhaqī ʿAlāʾ al-DīnMuḥammad Shāh Khaljī Abū al-Faḍl ibn Mubarak ‘Alā’ ud-Dīn Ḥusain Abu al-Fath Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar ʿAlāʾ ud-Dīn Khiljī Abū al-KalāmAzād AlBeruni Abū al-Mughīth al-Ḥusayn ibn Manṣūr al-Ḥallāj Al-Beruni Abū Ḥafṣ ʿUmar al-Suhrawardī AlBiruni Abu’l Fazl Al-Biruni Abu’l Fazl ‘Allāmī Alfī Movements Abu’l Fazl ibn Mubarak al-Hojvīrī Abū’l Kalām Āzād Al-Huda International Abū’l-Fażl Bayhaqī Al-Huda International Institute of Islamic Educa- Abul Kalam tion for Women Abul Kalam Azad al-Hujwīrī Accusing Nafs (Nafs-e Lawwāma) ʿAlī Garshāsp Adaran Āl-i Sebüktegīn Afghan Claimants of Israelite Descent Āl-i Shansab Aga Khan Aliah Madrasah Aga Khan Development Network Aliah University Aga Khan Foundation Aligarh Muslim University Aga Khanis Aligarh Muslim University, AMU Agyaris Allama Ahl al-Malāmat Allama Inayatullah Khan Al-Mashriqi Aḥmad Khān Allama Mashraqi Ahmad Raza Khan Allama Mashraqui # Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature 2018 827 Z. R. Kassam et al. (eds.), Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism, Encyclopedia of Indian Religions, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1267-3 828 List of Entries Allama Mashriqi Bangladesh Jamaati-e-Islam Allama Shibili Nu’mani Baranī, Żiyāʾ al-Dīn Allāmah Naqqan Barelvīs Allamah Sir Muhammad Iqbal Barelwīs Almaniyya BāyazīdAnṣārī (Pīr-i Rōshan) Almsgiving Bāyezīd al-Qannawjī,Muḥammad Ṣiddīq Ḥasan Bayhaqī,Abūl-Fażl Altaf Hussain Hali Bāzīd Al-Tawḥīd Bedil Amīr ‘Alī Bene Israel Amīr Khusrau Benei Manasseh Amir Khusraw Bengal (Islam and Muslims) Anglo-Mohammedan Law Bhutto, Benazir ʿAqīqa Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali Arezu Bīdel Arkān al-I¯mān Bidil Arzu Bilgrāmī, Āzād Ārzū, Sirāj al-Dīn ‘Alī Ḳhān (d.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Religions Centenary Message from Hadhrat Khalifatul Masih IV
    Contents November 2002, Vol.97, No.11 Centenary Message from Hadhrat Ameerul Momineen . 2 Editorial – Mansoor Shah . 3 Review of Religions: A 100 Year History of the Magazine . 7 A yearning to propogate the truth on an interntional scale. 7 Revelation concerning a great revolution in western countries . 8 A magazine for Europe and America . 9 The decision to publish the Review of Religions . 11 Ciculation of the magazine . 14 A unique sign of the holy spirit and spiritual guidance of the Messiah of the age. 14 Promised Messiah’s(as) moving message to the faithful members of the Community . 15 The First Golden Phase: January 1902-May 1908. 19 The Second Phase; May 1908-March 1914 . 28 Third Phase: March 1914-1947 . 32 The Fourth Phase: December 1951-November 1965. 46 The Fifth Phase: November 1965- June 1982 . 48 The Sixth Phase: June 1982-2002 . 48 Management and Board of Editors. 52 The Revolutionary articles by Hadhrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad. 56 Bright Future. 58 Unity v. Trinity – part II - The Divinity of Jesus (as) considered with reference to the extent of his mission - Hadhrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (as) . 60 Chief Editor and Manager Chairman of the Management Board Mansoor Ahmed Shah Naseer Ahmad Qamar Basit Ahmad. Bockarie Tommy Kallon Special contributors: All correspondence should Daud Mahmood Khan Amatul-Hadi Ahmad be forwarded directly to: Farina Qureshi Fareed Ahmad The Editor Fazal Ahmad Proof-reader: Review of Religions Shaukia Mir Fauzia Bajwa The London Mosque Mansoor Saqi Design and layout: 16 Gressenhall Road Mahmood Hanif Tanveer Khokhar London, SW18 5QL Mansoora Hyder-Muneeb United Kingdom Navida Shahid Publisher: Al Shirkatul Islamiyyah © Islamic Publications, 2002 Sarah Waseem ISSN No: 0034-6721 Saleem Ahmad Malik Distribution: Tanveer Khokhar Muhammad Hanif Views expressed in this publication are not necessarily the opinions of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community.
    [Show full text]
  • Al-Ghazali's Integral Epistemology: a Critical Analysis of the Jewels of the Quran
    American University in Cairo AUC Knowledge Fountain Theses and Dissertations 6-1-2017 Al-Ghazali's integral epistemology: A critical analysis of the jewels of the Quran Amani Mohamed Elshimi Follow this and additional works at: https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds Recommended Citation APA Citation Elshimi, A. (2017).Al-Ghazali's integral epistemology: A critical analysis of the jewels of the Quran [Master’s thesis, the American University in Cairo]. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/618 MLA Citation Elshimi, Amani Mohamed. Al-Ghazali's integral epistemology: A critical analysis of the jewels of the Quran. 2017. American University in Cairo, Master's thesis. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/618 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by AUC Knowledge Fountain. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of AUC Knowledge Fountain. For more information, please contact [email protected]. School of Humanities and Social Sciences Al-Ghazali’s Integral Epistemology: A Critical Analysis of The Jewels of the Quran A Thesis Submitted to The Department of Arab and Islamic Civilization in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts by Amani Elshimi 000-88-0001 under the supervision of Dr. Mohamed Serag Professor of Islamic Studies Thesis readers: Dr. Steffen Stelzer Professor of Philosophy, The American University in Cairo Dr. Aliaa Rafea Professor of Sociology, Ain Shams University; Founder of The Human Foundation NGO May 2017 Acknowledgements First and foremost, Alhamdulillah - my gratitude to God for the knowledge, love, light and faith.
    [Show full text]
  • JIRS Article Template
    OPEN ACCESS S MA‘ARIF-E-ISLAMI (AIOU) ISSN (Print): 1992-8556 http://www.aiou.edu.pk/sab/mi/index.asp www.iri.aiou.edu.pk Solution of Current Issues of Muslim Ummah in the Light of Imam-e-Rabbani's Teachings * Prof. Dr. Muhammad Azeem Farooqi Senior instructor Government college of Commerce, Rawalpindi ABSTRACT Shaikh Ahmed Sirhindi, Mujadad Alf Sani (R.A) was born in 1524 A.D. in Sirhind, a well-known town of India and died in 1598 A.D. He got his early education from his father Shaikh Abdul Ahad (R.A) a well-known Muslim mystic and a great scholar of Islamic sciences. He further proceeded to Sialkot, west Punjab and was taught higher books of Quran, Hadith, Fiqah, logic and other Islamic sciences by Shaikh Yaoob Kashmiri and Mullah Kamal Kashmiri. Mullah Abdul Hakim Sialkoti, a great writer of Islamic books and the chief justice of combined India during the reign of Shah Jahan was also one of his class fellows. Later on Mullah Abdul Hakim Sialkoti wrote a book (Dalayl-ul-Tajdeed) to pay rich and sincere tributes to Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi and first time proclaimed Shaikh Ahmad as Mujadad Alf Sani (the reformer for second millennium). Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi, after completion of education visited the court of Akbar, the great, and met Abu-al-Fazal & Faizi who were the religious patrons of the court of Akbar and protagonists of Din-e-Akbari. Hazrat Mujadad Alaf Sani took this adverse condition of Islam and Islamic values to heart and decided to utilize all of his energies for the reformation and revival of real Islamic teachings and values of Quran-o-Sunnah.
    [Show full text]
  • Siddique Phd Complete File for CD March 2020
    RELIGIO-POLITICAL THOUGHTS OF MAULANA WAHIDUDDIN KHAN By SIDDIQUE AHMAD SHAH PhD Thesis DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR Session: 2011-2012 RELIGIO-POLITICAL THOUGHTS OF MAULANA WAHIDUDDIN KHAN A Thesis Submitted to the Department of History, University of Peshawar in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy By SIDDIQUE AHMAD SHAH DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR Session: 2011-2012 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis entitled “Religio-Political Thoughts of Maulana Wahiduddin Khan” submitted by Siddique Ahmad Shah in partial fulfillment of requirements for award of Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History is hereby approved. __________________________ External Examiner __________________________ Supervisor Dr. Syed Waqar Ali Shah Department of History University of Peshawar _________________________ Chairman Department of History University of Peshawar DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis entitled “Religio-Political Thoughts of Maulana Wahiduddin Khan” is the outcome of my individual research and it has not been submitted concurrently to any other university for any other degree. Siddique Ahmad Shah PhD Scholar FORWARDING SHEET The thesis entitled “Religio-Political Thoughts of Maulana Wahiduddin Khan ” submitted by Siddique Ahmad Shah , in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History has been completed under my guidance and supervision. I am satisfied with the quality of this research work. Dated: (Dr. Syed Waqar Ali Shah) (Supervisor) To My wife Table of Contents S. No Title Page No. 1. Glossary i 2. Acknowledgements vi 3. Abstract viii 4. Introduction 1-11 5. CHAPTER 1 12-36 Early Life, Education, Mission and Features of Personality 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright by Mohammad Raisur Rahman 2008
    Copyright by Mohammad Raisur Rahman 2008 The Dissertation Committee for Mohammad Raisur Rahman certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Islam, Modernity, and Educated Muslims: A History of Qasbahs in Colonial India Committee: _____________________________________ Gail Minault, Supervisor _____________________________________ Cynthia M. Talbot _____________________________________ Denise A. Spellberg _____________________________________ Michael H. Fisher _____________________________________ Syed Akbar Hyder Islam, Modernity, and Educated Muslims: A History of Qasbahs in Colonial India by Mohammad Raisur Rahman, B.A. Honors; M.A.; M.Phil. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August 2008 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to the fond memories of my parents, Najma Bano and Azizur Rahman, and to Kulsum Acknowledgements Many people have assisted me in the completion of this project. This work could not have taken its current shape in the absence of their contributions. I thank them all. First and foremost, I owe my greatest debt of gratitude to my advisor Gail Minault for her guidance and assistance. I am grateful for her useful comments, sharp criticisms, and invaluable suggestions on the earlier drafts, and for her constant encouragement, support, and generous time throughout my doctoral work. I must add that it was her path breaking scholarship in South Asian Islam that inspired me to come to Austin, Texas all the way from New Delhi, India. While it brought me an opportunity to work under her supervision, I benefited myself further at the prospect of working with some of the finest scholars and excellent human beings I have ever known.
    [Show full text]
  • Purana Qila, Delhi
    Purana Qila Purana Qila, Delhi Purana Qila or Old Fort in Delhi is considered to be one of the oldest fort of India. The construction of the fort was started by Sher Shah Suri and his son Islam Shah completed it. Surveys tell that some painted grey ware were found during excavations which shows that the area was in used in 1000 BC. This tutorial will let you know about the history of the fort along with the structures present inside. You will also get the information about the best time to visit it along with how to reach the fort. Audience This tutorial is designed for the people who would like to know about the history of Purana Qila or Old Fort of Delhi along with the interiors and design of the fort. This fort is visited by many people from India and abroad. Prerequisites This is a brief tutorial designed only for informational purpose. There are no prerequisites as such. All that you should have is a keen interest to explore new places and experience their charm. Copyright & Disclaimer Copyright 2017 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute, or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of the publisher. We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors.
    [Show full text]
  • Sectarian Violence in Pakistan Particularly from 1980S Onwards Have Photographs Courtesy Dr
    www.liveencounters.net January 2014 Free online magazine from village earth Dr. Carool Kersten WORLD VIEW Shia - Sunni - Schisms Ali Mahmudabad Dr. Chiara Formichi Dr. Ali Usman Qasmi Huma Yusuf INDIA INDONESIA PAKISTAN NOREF REPORT 2014 january © www.liveencounters.net January 2014 Support Live Encounters. Donate Now and keep the Magazine alive in 2014! Live Encounters is a not-for-profit free online magazine that was started in 2009 in Bali, Indonesia. It showcases some of the best writing from around the world. Civil and human rights activists, animal rights activists, poets, writers, journalists, social workers and more have contributed their time and knowledge for the benefit of the readers of the magazine. We are appealing for donations to pay for the administrative and technical aspects of the publication. Please help spread the free distribution of knowledge with any amount that you feel you want to give for this just cause. Sarita Kaul BANKA/C : 0148748640 DETAILS Swift Code : BNINIDJAXXX PT Bank Negara Indonesia ( Persero ) Tbk Kantor Cabang Utama Denpasar Jl. Gajah Mada Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia Om Shanti Shanti Shanti Om [email protected] All articles and photographs are the copyright of www.liveencounters.net and its contributors. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the explicit written permission of www. liveencounters.net. Offenders will be criminally prosecuted to the full extent of the law prevailing in their home country and/or elsewhere. Lakshmi, a temple elephant - Photograph Mark Ulyseas Cover photograph/design : Mark Ulyseas © www.liveencounters.net january 2014 2014 january © www.liveencounters.net © www.liveencounters.net january 2014 M A R K U L Y S E A S January 2014 “Wisdom, or understanding, is not to be got at by holding on to things; holding on to your beliefs or ideas.
    [Show full text]
  • Bangladesh Development Bibliography List of Publications from 2000 – 2005 (As of January 16, 2012)
    Bangladesh Development Bibliography List of publications from 2000 – 2005 (as of January 16, 2012) Aaby, Peter; Abbas Bhuiya; Lutfun Nahar; Kim Knudsen; Andres de Francisco; and Michael Strong (2003) The survival benefit of measles immunization may not be explained entirely by the prevention of measles disease: a community study from rural Bangladesh ; International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 32, No. 1 (February), pp. 106-115. Abbasi, Kamran (2002) Health policy in action: the World Bank in South Asia; Brighton, UK: University of Sussex, Institute of Development Studies (IDS). Abdalla, Amr; A. N. M. Raisuddin; and Suleiman Hussein with the assistance of Dhaka Ahsania Mission (2004) Bangladesh Educational Assessment - Pre-primary and Primary Madrasah Education in Bangladesh ; Washington, DC, USA: United States Agency for International Development (USAID) for Basic Education and Policy Support (BEPS) Activity (Contract No. HNE-I-00-00-00038-00) (June). Abdullah, Abu (2001) The Bangladesh Economy in the Year 2000: Achievements and Failures; In: Abu Abdullah (ed.) Bangladesh Economy 2000: Selected issues (Dhaka: Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS)), pp. xv-xxix. Abdullah, Abu (ed.) (2001) Bangladesh Economy 2000: Selected Issues; Dhaka, Bangladesh: University Press Ltd. and Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies. Abdullah, Abu A. (2000) Social Change and ‘Modernisation‘; In: Rounaq Jahan (ed.) Bangladesh: Promise and Performance (London, UK: Zed Books; and Dhaka, Bangladesh: The University Press), Chapter 5. Abdullah, Mohammad (ed.) (2004) Technologies on Livestock and Fisheries for Poverty Alleviation in SAARC Countries; Dhaka, Bangladesh: SAARC Agricultural Information Centre (SAIC). Abdullah, S. T.; Mullineux, A. W.; Fielding, A.; and W. Spanjers (2004) Intra-household resource allocation and bargaining power of the women using micro-credit in Bangladesh; Birmingham, UK: University of Birmingham, Department of Economics Discussion Paper, No.
    [Show full text]