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Israeli Agricultural Innovation: Assessing the Potential to Assist Smallholders

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Israeli Agricultural Innovation: Assessing the Potential to Assist Smallholders WORKING PAPER1 Israeli Agricultural Innovation: Assessing the Potential to Assist Smallholders Alon Tal Professor and the Chair of the Department of Public Policy, Tel Aviv University April 2019 1 This is part of a series of research and policy publications on agricultural innovation systems in India, China and Israel. It is part of the Syngenta Foundation’s Policy initiative. 1 Table of content Part I. Israel’s Agricultural Reality in Relation to Africa, India and China .......................... 4 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 4 Africa and Israel ...................................................................................................................... 4 Summary, Israel’s African Opportunity ...................................................................................................... 7 India and Israel ........................................................................................................................ 8 China and Israel ..................................................................................................................... 10 Summary: Israeli Agrotech‘s Relationship to Africa, India and China ...................................................... 11 Conclusion – Helping to Aggregate Small Farmers.................................................................. 12 Part II. A Brief Review of Israel’s Innovative Agricultural Sector and Public Policy .......... 14 Introduction to Israel’s Idiosyncratic Agricultural Experience ................................................. 14 Israeli Technological Innovation in Agriculture ...................................................................... 18 Israel’s Ministry of Agriculture: Politics versus Professionalism ............................................. 19 Policies and Programs to Promote Agricultural Innovation in Israel ....................................... 21 The Israel Innovation Authority ................................................................................................................ 23 The Agritech Exhibition ............................................................................................................................ 24 Private Sector Investment and the Entrepreneurial World of Israeli Agrotech ....................... 24 Part III. Israel’s Agricultural Research Institutions .......................................................... 27 University Researchers .......................................................................................................... 28 Government Sponsored Research .......................................................................................... 29 Regional Agricultural R&D Centers ........................................................................................ 32 Field Extension Agents........................................................................................................... 32 Part IV. Israel’s Agrotech Ecosystem ............................................................................... 35 Israeli Agrotech’s Inspiration, Composition and Orientation .................................................. 35 Israeli Agrotech’s Human Capital and Incubators ................................................................... 36 Trendlines – the Original Israeli Agrotech VC and Incubator................................................... 37 Case Study: Kidum R and D Applications ................................................................................ 39 Hebrew University’s Agrinnovation: From Academic Insights to Marketable Products ........... 40 Part V. Israel’s Agrotech and Smallholders ..................................................................... 43 Israeli Perspectives on Agricultural Interventions in Africa .................................................... 44 Potential Role of Israeli Training Programs ............................................................................ 49 Hebrew University’s International Master’s Degree in Agriculture .......................................................... 49 Demonstration Farms in Africa ................................................................................................................ 50 Mashav Short Courses and CINADCO Internships .................................................................................... 51 The Arava International Center for Agricultural Training......................................................................... 52 Training Programs Outside Israel ............................................................................................................. 53 Hybrid Seeds ........................................................................................................................................ 54 Biopesticides ........................................................................................................................................ 54 Comprehensive Irrigation, Fertigation and Chemigation Solutions .................................................... 55 Farm Machinery .................................................................................................................................. 55 2 Resource Management and Precision Agriculture .............................................................................. 56 Post‐Harvest and Integrated Value Chains .......................................................................................... 56 Part VI: Israeli Agrotech: Practical Options for Smallholders .......................................... 58 1) Irrigation and Water Management .................................................................................... 58 The Sociological Origins of Israel’s Irrigation Industry ............................................................................. 58 The Netafim Empire .................................................................................................................................. 60 Family Drip Systems ............................................................................................................................. 61 Drip Competitors ...................................................................................................................................... 68 The New Generation of Israeli Irrigation? ................................................................................................ 69 Sciroot ...................................................................................................................................................... 69 Ndrip ......................................................................................................................................................... 71 2) Integrated Pest Management ............................................................................................ 73 Biobee’s biological solutions .................................................................................................................... 73 Cultivators – a non‐chemical weed control strategy ................................................................................ 76 3) Animal Husbandry and Dairy Science ................................................................................. 78 4) Post‐Harvest Food Protection, Storage and Food Safety .................................................... 81 5)Knowledge and Market Information Dissemination ............................................................ 86 Farmster: Using Cellphones to Expand Smallholder Sales Options .......................................................... 86 Farmer Kits: Amiran Kenya ....................................................................................................................... 88 Support for Smallholders as Businesses “Tikkun Olam Ventures” (TOV) ................................................. 89 Seed Dissemination: Fair Planet Seeds Ethiopian Experience .................................................................. 89 Note of caution .................................................................................................................................... 94 Part VII: Conclusions and Recommendations .................................................................. 95 Persons Interviewed, 2018 .................................................................................................... 96 References ............................................................................................................................ 97 3 Part I. Israel’s Agricultural Reality in Relation to Africa, India and China Introduction Israel’s agricultural experience is unique. Despite the pervasive shortage of water, historic soil erosion and dryland conditions, a 2017 OECD report recognizes Israel’s annual growth rate in total factor productivity for agriculture as being far above the world average.1 Israel’s innovations in agricultural technologies and general farming acumen have already begun to show their potential to contribute to progress in improving conditions for smallholders in Africa and Asia. This report focuses on new technologies and projects that show promise for improving yields, water management and overall sustainability amongst smallholder farmers, with an eye to potential in China, India and especially in Africa. It is important at the outset to emphasize agrotech’s limitations: It is
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