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Figures (Including Maps) Figures (Including Maps) Introduction Figure 1.1: Scribe Figure 1.2: Martin Noth Figure 1.3: Aleppo Codex Chapter 2 Figure 2.1: Spies in Canaan Figure 2.2 (Map): Canaanite sites Figure 2.3: Merneptah stele Figure 2.4: Amarna letters Figure 2.5: Achan is stoned; Israelites attack Ai Figure 2.6 (Map): Cities mentioned in the Amarna letters Figure 2.7: James Tissot, The Seven Trumpets of Jericho Figure 2.8: Hazor Temple Figure 2.9 (Map): Tribal Allotments Chapter 3 Figure 3.1: Aleppo Codex Figure 3.2: Marc Chagall, Deborah and Barak Figure 3.3. The Merenptah Stele Figure 3.4. (Map) Israel’s hostile neighbors Figure 3.5. Baal figurine xi THE HISTORICAL WRITINGS Figure 3.6. Solomon de Bray, Jael, Deborah, and Barak Figure 3.7. Nicolas Poussin, Gideon’s Victory against the Midianites Figure 3.8. Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini, The Return of Jephthah Figure 3.9. Rembrandt van Rijn, Samson and Delilah Chapter 4 Figure 4.1. Samuel anoints David Figure 4.2. Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, David and Goliath Figure 4.3. Baal figurine Figure 4.4. The ration list for Jehoiachin, exiled king of Judah Figure 4.5. Megiddo panel Figure 4.6. Ruins of Tel Qeiyafa Figure 4.7. (Map) Israelite settlement Figure 4.8. City of David excavation Figure 4.9. The Tel Dan inscription Figure 4.10. Tel Dan excavation Figure 4.11. Vineyard in Israel Figure 4.12. Rembrandt van Rijn, David Plays the Harp before Saul Figure 4.13. N. D. Martynov, The Shade of Samuel Invoked by Saul Figure 4.14. Ishbaal inscription Figure 4.15. Corona Monroe, King David and Bathsheba Bathing Figure 4.16. Gaspare Traversi, The Slaying of Amnon Chapter 5 Figure 5.1. (Table) Kings and Prophets of Israel and Judah Figure 5.2. (Map) Two Kingdoms Figure 5.3. The ruins of Jeroboam’s “high place” at Dan Figure 5.4. French manuscript with Elisha and Elijah Figure 5.5. (Map) Three Empires Figure 5.6. Pharaoh Shoshenq Figure 5.7. King Jehu of Israel submits Figure 5.8. Kurkh Monolith inscription Figure 5.9. Seal of Jaazaniah xii FIGURES (INCLUDING MAPS) Figure 5.10. J.-H. Fragonard, Jeroboam Offers Sacrifice to the Idol Figure 5.11. Nicolas Poussin, The Judgment of Solomon Figure 5.12. (Map) Solomon Figure 5.13. Hans Holbein the Younger, Rehoboam’s taunt Figure 5.14. Elijah on Mount Carmel Figure 5.15. Gustave Doré, The Death of Jezebel Figure 5.16. Taylor’s Prism Figure 5.17. Lachish reliefs Figure 5.18. The Esarhaddon Stele Figure 5.19. Hezekiah’s tunnel Figure 5.20. Siloam inscription Figure 5.21. Ishtar gate Chapter 6 Figure 6.1. Cyrus relief Figure 6.2. (Map) Persian Yehud Figure 6.3. The Cyrus Cylinder Figure 6.4. Artaxerxes II relief Figure 6.5. Bisitun inscription Figure 6.6. Elephantine Papyrus Figure 6.7. Mesad Hashavyahu replica Figure 6.8. Bull capital from Susa Figure 6.9. Carolsfeld, The Rebuilding of the Temple under Ezra and Nehemiah Figure 6.10. Susa relief Figure 6.11. Ezra reads the Torah Figure 6.12. Statue of the Egyptian scribe Udjahorresnet Chapter 7 Figure 7.1. The Tomb of Cyrus, Pasargadae, Iran Figure 7.2. (Map) Assyrian empire Figure 7.3. Alexander the Great Figure 7.4. The Temple Mount xiii THE HISTORICAL WRITINGS Figure 7.5. Scythopolis synagogue mosaic Figure 7.6. Death of Saul, depicted in Jean Fouquet, The Battle of Gilboa Figure 7.7. The Ark of the Covenant Figure 7.8. Absalom illuminated manuscripts Figure 7.9. James Tissot, Solomon Dedicates the Temple Figure 7.10. Seal of Yehoahaz Figure 7.11. Megiddo gate xiv Sidebars Introduction 1.1. The Tanak 1.2. What about the Books of Ruth and Esther? Chapter 2 2.1. Old Testament Covenants 2.2. Holy War and the Herem 2.3. Old Testament Call Narratives 2.4. Rahab’s Shocking Legacy 2.5. Symbolic Objects in Joshua 2.6. The Tribes of Israel 2.7. Brief History of the Land of Israel Chapter 3 3.1. The Sacrifice of Jephthah’s Daughter 3.2. The Gang Rape of the Levite’s Concubine Chapter 4 4.1. Literary Style and Biblical Narrative 4.2. Who Killed Goliath? 4.3. Moses and Shiloh xv THE HISTORICAL WRITINGS 4.4. The Myth of the Divine Warrior 4.5. Prophecy and the Assyrian Crisis in the Eighth Century BCE 4.6. The “Ration” Tablets of Jehoiachin 4.7. The Samuel—Kings “Corpus” 4.8. The City of Megiddo 4.9. Tenth Century BCE Settlements in Judah 4.10. A “Pan-Israelite” Identity 4.11. Priest-Saint “Origin” Stories 4.12. Prophetic Sign-Acts 4.13. Prophetic Ecstasy and Other Prophetic Experiences 4.14. Patrimonialism in Israel’s Royal Culture 4.15. Wisdom and Women in the Book of Samuel 4.16. Wine/Harvest Festivals 4.17. The Deuteronomists’ “Anonymous” Prophets 4.18. Kiriath Yearim 4.19. Samuel’s Denunciation of Kingship as a Deuteronomistic Text 4.20. 1 Samuel 11 at Qumran 4.21. Samuel’s Valedictory Speech 4.22. The Anti-Amalekite Tradition 4.23. Evil Spirits in the Hebrew Scriptures 4.24. Ancient Poetry in the Book of Samuel 4.25. Ishbosheth and Ishbaal 4.26. Amarna-Age Jerusalem 4.27. The “Promise to David” 4.28. Facial Hair and Shame in Ancient Near Eastern Culture 4.29. Uriah the Hittite 4.30. “Tamar” in 2 Samuel and Elsewhere 4.31. Wisdom and Sages in the Ancient Near East 4.32. Appendixes in the Book of Samuel and Deuteronomy Chapter 5 5.1. The Five Exiles of Israel and Judah 5.2. The Date of Deuteronomy 5.3. What Was so Bad about Jeroboam’s Altars? xvi SIDEBARS 5.4. Tel Dan Stele: The Death of Two Kings 5.5. Hezekiah’s Tunnel Chapter 6 6.1. Judahite Life During the Babylonian Conquest and Exile 6.2. The Aaronide Priesthood 6.3. The Cyrus Cylinder 6.4. The Priestly “Schools” Behind the Book of Leviticus 6.5. Persian Provincial Governors and Administration 6.6. Levitical Rifts in the Early Persian Period 6.7. The Minor Prophets—a “Book of the Twelve” 6.8. Temple Libraries in Antiquity 6.9. The Bisitun Inscription 6.10. Elephantine 6.11. Cultural Memory and the Biblical Record 6.12. The Samaritans 6.13. The Many Authors of the Book of Isaiah 6.14. The Pentateuch and Torah 6.15. Aramaic Language and Aramaic Culture 6.16. Biblical Genealogies 6.17. Scribes 6.18. Sacred Space in Ancient Israel and Ancient Judaism 6.19. “Foreign” and “Native” in the Hebrew Scriptures 6.20. Jeremiah’s Letter to the Exiles 6.21. Nehemiah’s Wall 6.22. The Dura Europos Synagogue 6.23. Ezra, the Torah, and Ancient Parallels Chapter 7 7.1. A United Monarchy? 7.2. Judah’s Twilight 7.3. Symbolic Source Citations 7.4. Iconic Texts 7.5. Major Battles Between Greece and Persia xvii THE HISTORICAL WRITINGS 7.6. Varieties of Prophecy 7.7. Yehud as a Persian Province 7.8. The Levites in Chronicles 7.9. “Satan” as a Cosmic Figure 7.10. The Levites and Music in the Jerusalem Temple 7.11. Solomon in the Books of Kings and Chronicles 7.12. Prophetic Variety in Chronicles 7.13. Text as Prophecy 7.14. Hezekiah and the Nehushtan xviii Tables Chapter 2 Table 2.1: Cities Mentioned both in the Amarna Letters and Joshua Table 2.2: Old Testament Covenants Table 2.3: Leadership Roles in Deuteronomy and Joshua Table 2.4: Old Testament Call Narratives Table 2.5: Symbolic Objects in Joshua Table 2.6: Phrases Repeated in Joshua 10:28-39 Conquests Chapter 3 Table 3.1: Renamed Locations in Judges Table 3.2 Ten Stages of a Major Judge Cycle Table 3.3: Major Judges Cyclical Pattern Table 3.4: Minor Judges Pattern Table 3.5: Chronological Notices in Judges Table 3.6: Seven Enemy Peoples in Judges Table 3.7: Tribal References in Judges Table 3.8: Tribal Tensions in Judges Table 3.9: Angelic Appearances in Judges Table 3.10: The Signs of Gideon Chapter 5 Table 5.1: An Israelite Regnal Formula Example (Jehoahaz) xix THE HISTORICAL WRITINGS Table 5.2: Israelite Regnal Formulas Table 5.3: A Judean Regnal Formula Example (Jehoash) Table 5.4 Judean Regnal Formulas Table 5.5: Prophetic Figures in the Former Prophets Table 5.6: The Five Exiles of Israel and Judah Table 5.7: Six Neighboring Nations of Israel and Judah in Kings Table 5.8: Rulers of Aram in Kings Table 5.9: Rulers of Egypt in Kings Table 5.10: Rulers of Assyria in Kings Table 5.11: Rulers of Babylon in Kings Table 5.12: External References to Rulers of Israel and Judah Table 5.13: Seals Mentioning Names of Biblical Characters Chapter 6 Table 6.1: Events Depicted in Ezra—Nehamiah xx.
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