Microcontrollers 8-Bit Single-Chip Microcontroller
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Pdp11-40.Pdf
processor handbook digital equipment corporation Copyright© 1972, by Digital Equipment Corporation DEC, PDP, UNIBUS are registered trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1·1 1.1 GENERAL ............................................. 1·1 1.2 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS . 1·2 1.2.1 The UNIBUS ..... 1·2 1.2.2 Central Processor 1·3 1.2.3 Memories ........... 1·5 1.2.4 Floating Point ... 1·5 1.2.5 Memory Management .............................. .. 1·5 1.3 PERIPHERALS/OPTIONS ......................................... 1·5 1.3.1 1/0 Devices .......... .................................. 1·6 1.3.2 Storage Devices ...................................... .. 1·6 1.3.3 Bus Options .............................................. 1·6 1.4 SOFTWARE ..... .... ........................................... ............. 1·6 1.4.1 Paper Tape Software .......................................... 1·7 1.4.2 Disk Operating System Software ........................ 1·7 1.4.3 Higher Level Languages ................................... .. 1·7 1.5 NUMBER SYSTEMS ..................................... 1-7 CHAPTER 2 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE. 2-1 2.1 SYSTEM DEFINITION .............. 2·1 2.2 UNIBUS ......................................... 2-1 2.2.1 Bidirectional Lines ...... 2-1 2.2.2 Master-Slave Relation .. 2-2 2.2.3 Interlocked Communication 2-2 2.3 CENTRAL PROCESSOR .......... 2-2 2.3.1 General Registers ... 2-3 2.3.2 Processor Status Word ....... 2-4 2.3.3 Stack Limit Register 2-5 2.4 EXTENDED INSTRUCTION SET & FLOATING POINT .. 2-5 2.5 CORE MEMORY . .... 2-6 2.6 AUTOMATIC PRIORITY INTERRUPTS .... 2-7 2.6.1 Using the Interrupts . 2-9 2.6.2 Interrupt Procedure 2-9 2.6.3 Interrupt Servicing ............ .. 2-10 2.7 PROCESSOR TRAPS ............ 2-10 2.7.1 Power Failure .............. -
Lecture 04 Linear Structures Sort
Algorithmics (6EAP) MTAT.03.238 Linear structures, sorting, searching, etc Jaak Vilo 2018 Fall Jaak Vilo 1 Big-Oh notation classes Class Informal Intuition Analogy f(n) ∈ ο ( g(n) ) f is dominated by g Strictly below < f(n) ∈ O( g(n) ) Bounded from above Upper bound ≤ f(n) ∈ Θ( g(n) ) Bounded from “equal to” = above and below f(n) ∈ Ω( g(n) ) Bounded from below Lower bound ≥ f(n) ∈ ω( g(n) ) f dominates g Strictly above > Conclusions • Algorithm complexity deals with the behavior in the long-term – worst case -- typical – average case -- quite hard – best case -- bogus, cheating • In practice, long-term sometimes not necessary – E.g. for sorting 20 elements, you dont need fancy algorithms… Linear, sequential, ordered, list … Memory, disk, tape etc – is an ordered sequentially addressed media. Physical ordered list ~ array • Memory /address/ – Garbage collection • Files (character/byte list/lines in text file,…) • Disk – Disk fragmentation Linear data structures: Arrays • Array • Hashed array tree • Bidirectional map • Heightmap • Bit array • Lookup table • Bit field • Matrix • Bitboard • Parallel array • Bitmap • Sorted array • Circular buffer • Sparse array • Control table • Sparse matrix • Image • Iliffe vector • Dynamic array • Variable-length array • Gap buffer Linear data structures: Lists • Doubly linked list • Array list • Xor linked list • Linked list • Zipper • Self-organizing list • Doubly connected edge • Skip list list • Unrolled linked list • Difference list • VList Lists: Array 0 1 size MAX_SIZE-1 3 6 7 5 2 L = int[MAX_SIZE] -
Specification of Bit Handling Routines AUTOSAR CP Release 4.3.1
Specification of Bit Handling Routines AUTOSAR CP Release 4.3.1 Document Title Specification of Bit Handling Routines Document Owner AUTOSAR Document Responsibility AUTOSAR Document Identification No 399 Document Status Final Part of AUTOSAR Standard Classic Platform Part of Standard Release 4.3.1 Document Change History Date Release Changed by Change Description 2017-12-08 4.3.1 AUTOSAR Addition on mnemonic for boolean Release as “u8”. Management Editorial changes 2016-11-30 4.3.0 AUTOSAR Removal of the requirement Release SWS_Bfx_00204 Management Updation of MISRA violation com- ment format Updation of unspecified value range for BitPn, BitStartPn, BitLn and ShiftCnt Clarifications 1 of 42 Document ID 399: AUTOSAR_SWS_BFXLibrary - AUTOSAR confidential - Specification of Bit Handling Routines AUTOSAR CP Release 4.3.1 Document Change History Date Release Changed by Change Description 2015-07-31 4.2.2 AUTOSAR Updated SWS_Bfx_00017 for the Release return type of Bfx_GetBit function Management from 1 and 0 to TRUE and FALSE Updated chapter 8.1 for the defini- tion of bit addressing and updated the examples of Bfx_SetBit, Bfx_ClrBit, Bfx_GetBit, Bfx_SetBits, Bfx_CopyBit, Bfx_PutBits, Bfx_PutBit Updated SWS_Bfx_00017 for the return type of Bfx_GetBit function from 1 and 0 to TRUE and FALSE without changing the formula Updated SWS_Bfx_00011 and SWS_Bfx_00022 for the review comments provided for the exam- ples In Table 2, replaced Boolean with boolean In SWS_Bfx_00029, in example re- placed BFX_GetBits_u16u8u8_u16 with Bfx_GetBits_u16u8u8_u16 2014-10-31 4.2.1 AUTOSAR Correct usage of const in function Release declarations Management Editoral changes 2014-03-31 4.1.3 AUTOSAR Editoral changes Release Management 2013-10-31 4.1.2 AUTOSAR Improve description of how to map Release functions to C-files Management Improve the definition of error classi- fication Editorial changes 2013-03-15 4.1.1 AUTOSAR Change return value of Test Bit API Administration to boolean. -
RISC-V Bitmanip Extension Document Version 0.90
RISC-V Bitmanip Extension Document Version 0.90 Editor: Clifford Wolf Symbiotic GmbH [email protected] June 10, 2019 Contributors to all versions of the spec in alphabetical order (please contact editors to suggest corrections): Jacob Bachmeyer, Allen Baum, Alex Bradbury, Steven Braeger, Rogier Brussee, Michael Clark, Ken Dockser, Paul Donahue, Dennis Ferguson, Fabian Giesen, John Hauser, Robert Henry, Bruce Hoult, Po-wei Huang, Rex McCrary, Lee Moore, Jiˇr´ıMoravec, Samuel Neves, Markus Oberhumer, Nils Pipenbrinck, Xue Saw, Tommy Thorn, Andrew Waterman, Thomas Wicki, and Clifford Wolf. This document is released under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 ISA Extension Proposal Design Criteria . .1 1.2 B Extension Adoption Strategy . .2 1.3 Next steps . .2 2 RISC-V Bitmanip Extension 3 2.1 Basic bit manipulation instructions . .4 2.1.1 Count Leading/Trailing Zeros (clz, ctz)....................4 2.1.2 Count Bits Set (pcnt)...............................5 2.1.3 Logic-with-negate (andn, orn, xnor).......................5 2.1.4 Pack two XLEN/2 words in one register (pack).................6 2.1.5 Min/max instructions (min, max, minu, maxu)................7 2.1.6 Single-bit instructions (sbset, sbclr, sbinv, sbext)............8 2.1.7 Shift Ones (Left/Right) (slo, sloi, sro, sroi)...............9 2.2 Bit permutation instructions . 10 2.2.1 Rotate (Left/Right) (rol, ror, rori)..................... 10 2.2.2 Generalized Reverse (grev, grevi)....................... 11 2.2.3 Generalized Shuffleshfl ( , unshfl, shfli, unshfli).............. 14 2.3 Bit Extract/Deposit (bext, bdep)............................ 22 2.4 Carry-less multiply (clmul, clmulh, clmulr).................... -
KTS-A Memory Management Control User's Guide Digital Equipment Corporation • Maynard, Massachusetts
--- KTS-A memory management control user's guide E K- KTOSA-U G-001 digital equipment corporation • maynard, massachusetts 1st Edition , July 1978 Copyright © 1978 by Digital Equipment Corporation The material in this manual is for informational purposes and is subject to change without notice. Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors which may appear in this manual. Printed in U.S.A. This document was set on DIGITAL's DECset-8000 com puterized typesetting system. The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation, Maynard, Massachusetts: DIGITAL D ECsystem-10 MASSBUS DEC DECSYSTEM-20 OMNIBUS POP DIBOL OS/8 DECUS EDUSYSTEM RSTS UNI BUS VAX RSX VMS IAS CONTENTS Page CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 . 1 SCOPE OF MANUAL ..................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 GENERAL DESCRI PTION ............................................................................................................. 1-1 1 .3 KT8-A SPECIFICATION S.............................................................................................................. 1-3 1.4 RELATED DOCUMENTS ............................................................................................................... 1-4 1 .5 SOFTWARE ..................................................................................................................................... 1-5 1.5.1 Diagnostic ............................................................................................................................. -
Ecejul07.Pdf
AT LAST! AVR man’s deepest secrets are mine! MINE! And the birdbrain is not to be seen! It’s all on this hard disk! This technology will make me the mightiest of all! Even mightier than AVR man will never that anabolic steroid catch me in The wastecave. eater! I’ll be supersafe! BUT!!!?? The battery is dead! It doesn’t work! NOOOOO!! I’ll take this back since it’s mine, Wasteman. Anyhow, it’s loaded with stuff beyond your feeble understanding. It’s full of I’m giving you this AVR technology... door opener for your own of course!! safety. It’ll last forever and a day! Complete solution for Get more at: www.atmel.com/AVRman © 2007 Atmel Corporation. All rights reserved. Atmel®, AVR® and logo are registered trademarks of Atmel Corporation or its subsidiaries. Other terms and product names may be trademarks of others. All Characters in this document are created by Mykle and Fantasi-Fabrikken AS 2007. VIEWPOINT small in size Less is More Big in With much fanfare, and justifiably so, embedded Linux has captured the spot- light in embedded software these days. Performance Linux has earned strong interest and adoption from those in the embedded software development community looking for cost-effective operating sys- tem support for their latest embedded device. While Linux offers attractive capabilities, it also is extremely complex, making it relatively difficult to learn and use. But what if low-cost development isn’t the goal? What if fast time-to- Geoff Gibson, Managing market demands a much simpler Director Express Logic UK: approach? And what if available mem- “…simpler solutions for less ory is limited by footprint, cost or demanding applications.“ power consumption concerns? In those cases, a multi-megabyte Linux image just doesn’t cut it. -
Reference Guide for X86-64 Cpus
REFERENCE GUIDE FOR X86-64 CPUS Version 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface............................................................................................................. xi Audience Description.......................................................................................... xi Compatibility and Conformance to Standards............................................................ xi Organization....................................................................................................xii Hardware and Software Constraints...................................................................... xiii Conventions....................................................................................................xiii Terms............................................................................................................xiv Related Publications.......................................................................................... xv Chapter 1. Fortran, C, and C++ Data Types................................................................ 1 1.1. Fortran Data Types....................................................................................... 1 1.1.1. Fortran Scalars.......................................................................................1 1.1.2. FORTRAN real(2).....................................................................................3 1.1.3. FORTRAN 77 Aggregate Data Type Extensions.................................................. 3 1.1.4. Fortran 90 Aggregate Data Types (Derived -
Errata Sheet NG For
16/32-Bit Architecture XC27x5X Derivatives 16/32-Bit Single-Chip Microcontroller with 32-Bit Performance XC2000 Family / Base Line Errata Sheet V1.5 2013-02 Microcontrollers Edition 2013-02 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 Munich, Germany © 2013 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved. Legal Disclaimer The information given in this document shall in no event be regarded as a guarantee of conditions or characteristics. With respect to any examples or hints given herein, any typical values stated herein and/or any information regarding the application of the device, Infineon Technologies hereby disclaims any and all warranties and liabilities of any kind, including without limitation, warranties of non-infringement of intellectual property rights of any third party. Information For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office (www.infineon.com). Warnings Due to technical requirements, components may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in question, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office. Infineon Technologies components may be used in life-support devices or systems only with the express written approval of Infineon Technologies, if a failure of such components can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life-support device or system or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may be endangered. -
2010 China ATV Symposium
Introduction of Infineon Microcontroller 2010 China ATV Symposium Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2010. All rights reserved. Infineon Technologies Microcontroller Product Families TC2xx system today x TriCore 2 Architecture performance TC17x TC12xx ≤ 90nm (concept) x TC13xx 32 bit TriCore 1 Future 90nm (concept) TC17x TC11x x TC12xxx TC13xx TriCore 1 Next Generation TC19x 0.13µ m TC11xx 16/32 bit TC17xx TriCore 1 Architecture x 0.25µ m/0.18µ m XC2xxx Architecture XC22x 0.13µm XC16 XC16 XC23x XC16x Architecture 1 7 0.22µ m C16 XC16 XC27 7 4 x C16 C165 8 bit 1 C166 Architecture C164 0.5µ m / 0.45µ m XC85 C8x x 8 bit µ Cs C5x x XC86 0.8µ m ... 0.22µ m x x Same colour indicates same application field time Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2010. All rights reserved. XC800 A-Series: Perfect Fit for Automotive Applications Body Safety Powertrain Motorcycle BCM Low-end airbag Pumps Low-end BCM/HVAC Low end ABS 1-channel Valve/Throttle control Lighting EHPS Motorcycle Engine Window lift Steering angle sensor Management Switches Fail safe controller Shift-by-wire Sensors ebike Power operating systems Touch control Stepper gauges 10.02.2010 Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2010. All rights reserved. Page 3 How does XC800 differentiate? Text • Powerful and flexible Capture and Compare Unit (CCU6) for PWM generation, High Performance • Highly accurate and fast ADC conversion time <1,5µs • IFX offer up to Ta 150°C, working on offering even higher temperature Make The Difference • IFX offer high current pads up to 50mA to driver stepper gauges • Reduction of external components: Save System Cost • Single power supply • High integration (MC + Power + Passive Components) possible due to powerful peripherals ) Cost savings • Multifunctional Interface & advanced Networking Capabilities: UART, SSC (SPI), Be Flexible LIN, CAN (special features of MultiCAN (LBM, CALM, Gateway), could be used for driver development without additional hardware (LBM), CAN bus analysis (CALM) and automatic gateway-ing e.g. -
Infineon MCU Motor Drive Application
Infineon MCU Motor Drive Application e-Seminar April 2011 Agenda BLDC Motor Drive & MCU Rules Infineon MCU Key Features for Motor Drive Reference Solutions & Application Kits Summary Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. Page 2 BLDC Motor Drive & MCU Rules BLDC Motor Applications Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. Page 3 BLDC Motor Drive & MCU Rules Addressing the Market Trends and Needs Load Control MCU Application Behaviour Scheme Feature Highest XE166 GP inverter, dynamic load Direct Elevator, respone, Torque Spindle drive, accurate • 16bit positioning, • MAC unit Transportation high speed Resolver • 2 x ADC Assembly Lines FOC • 4 x CCU6 PLC, Servo, CNC machine Dynamic load Encoder response FOC Air-con Zero speed Sensorless compressor, high control performance pump FOC HVAC fan, Sensorless domestic heating low noise, FOC XC800 pumps, valve variable load, variable speed control • 8bit Sinusoidal • MDU+Cordic • 1 x CCU6 Hall consumer fan, • 1 x ADC pump, eBike, variable speed, Sensorless simple sewing known load dynamics (look Block machine up table) Commutation Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. Page 4 BLDC Motor Drive & MCU Rules BLDC Motor Type Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. Page 5 BLDC Motor Drive & MCU Rules BLDC Driver Key Design Issues Sensor or Sensorless 6-Step or Vector Control Shoot through current Current Measurement MOSFET/IGBT Protection Current and Voltage Rating EMI Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. Page 6 BLDC Motor Drive & MCU Rules Motor Driver Block Diagram Power Circuit Bridge Driver 3 Phase Motor Position Sensor Transceiver Motor Current Signal Conditioning Microcontroller Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. -
Strategic Partnership with Chip Manufacturers
What’s new at Embedded Systems Conference 2007 Strategic Partnership with Chip Manufacturers When the first microcontrollers with on-chip de- Internationa committees bugging interface appeared on the market, the first PowerView debug solutions offered were relatively simple com- Many customers would like to see a higher level pared to the prevailing in-circuit emulators. It soon of standardization of the on-chip debug and trace became clear that pure debuggers without trigger logic as well as a reduction in pincount without any and trace options were not adequate for developing performance loss. In order to take an active role PowerDebug complex embedded designs efficiently. The scope in the development of innovative debug and trace of on-chip debugging and trace interfaces has been technologies, Lauterbach has been participating enlarged gradually, enabling very complex test and in various international committees over the past PowerTrace analysis functions with today’s development tools. years: • Lauterbach has been a member of the Nexus 5001™ Forum ever since its foundation and was first to market with tools conforming to the PowerProbe NEXUS specification. • In the Test & Debug Working Group of the MIPI Alliance, Lauterbach has been involved in the Power- definition of interfaces as well as corresponding Integrator test and debug tools for mobile phones. • Lauterbach has been an active member of the IEEE P1149.7 Working Group for the definition of new JTAG standards ever since its foundation. In 2006 Lauterbach was able to significantly staff up its engineering departments, further strength- ening its leadership position in high performance development tools for a wide range of processor architectures. -
AURIX™, Tricore™, XC2000, XE166, XC800 Families DAP Connector
AURIX™, TriCore™, XC2000, XE166, XC800 Families DAP Connector AP24003 Application Note V1.4, 2014-05 Microcontrollers Edition 2014-05 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 Munich, Germany © 2014 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved. Legal Disclaimer THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE IS GIVEN AS A HINT FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT ONLY AND SHALL NOT BE REGARDED AS ANY DESCRIPTION OR WARRANTY OF A CERTAIN FUNCTIONALITY, CONDITION OR QUALITY OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT. THE RECIPIENT OF THIS APPLICATION NOTE MUST VERIFY ANY FUNCTION DESCRIBED HEREIN IN THE REAL APPLICATION. INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES HEREBY DISCLAIMNS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES AND LIABILITIES OF ANY KIND (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF NON-INFRINGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF ANY THIRD PARTY) WITH RESPECT TO ANY AND ALL INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE. Information For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office (www.infineon.com) Warnings Due to technical requirements, components may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in question, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office. Infineon Technologies components may be used in life-support devices or systems only with the express written approval of Infineon Technologies, if a failure of such components can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life-support device or system or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life.