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A Political History of X Or How I Stopped Worrying and Learned to Love the GPL
A Political History of X or How I Stopped Worrying and Learned to Love the GPL Keith Packard SiFive [email protected] Unix in !"# ● $SD Everywhere – $'t not actually BS% ● )*+* want, to make Sy,tem V real – S'rely they still matter ● .o Free So/tware Anywhere The 0rigins of 1 ● $rian Reid and Pa'l Asente at Stan/ord – - kernel → VGTS → W window system – Ported to VS100 at Stan/ord ● $o4 Scheifler started hacking W→ X – Working on Argus with Barbara Liskov at LCS – 7ade it more Unix friendly (async9, renamed X -AXstation 00 (aka v, 339 Unix Workstation Market ● Unix wa, closed source ● Most vendors ,hipped a proprietary 0S 4ased on $SD #.x ● S'n: HP: Digita(: )po((o: *ektronix: I$7 ● ;congratu(ation,: yo'<re not running &'nice=. – Stil(: so many gratuito', di/ference, -AXstation II S'n >?@3 Early Unix Window Systems ● S'n-iew dominated (act'al commercial app,A De,ktop widget,A9 ● %igital had -WS/UIS (V7S on(y9 ● )pollo had %omain ● *ektronix demon,trating Sma((*alk 1 B1@ ● .onB/ree so/tware ● U,ed internally at MIT ● Shared with friend, in/ormally 1 3 ● )(mo,t u,able ● %elivered by Digital on V)1,tation, ● %i,trib'tion was not all free ,o/tware – Sun port relied on Sun-iew kernel API – %igital provided binary rendering code – IB7 PC?2T support act'ally complete (C9 Why 1 C ● 1 0 had wart, – rendering model was pretty terrible ● ,adly, X1 wa,n't m'ch better... – External window management witho't borders ● Get everyone involved – Well, at lea,t every workstation vendor willing to write big checks X as Corporate *ool ● Dim Gettys and Smokey -
Nport 5600 Series User's Manual
NPort 5600 Series User’s Manual Fifteenth Edition, September 2014 www.moxa.com/product © 2014 Moxa Inc. All rights reserved. NPort 5600 Series User’s Manual The software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement and may be used only in accordance with the terms of that agreement. Copyright Notice © 2014 Moxa Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks The MOXA logo is a registered trademark of Moxa Inc. All other trademarks or registered marks in this manual belong to their respective manufacturers. Disclaimer Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Moxa. Moxa provides this document as is, without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, its particular purpose. Moxa reserves the right to make improvements and/or changes to this manual, or to the products and/or the programs described in this manual, at any time. Information provided in this manual is intended to be accurate and reliable. However, Moxa assumes no responsibility for its use, or for any infringements on the rights of third parties that may result from its use. This product might include unintentional technical or typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the information herein to correct such errors, and these changes are incorporated into new editions of the publication. Technical Support Contact Information www.moxa.com/support Moxa Americas Moxa China (Shanghai office) Toll-free: 1-888-669-2872 Toll-free: 800-820-5036 Tel: +1-714-528-6777 Tel: +86-21-5258-9955 Fax: +1-714-528-6778 Fax: +86-21-5258-5505 Moxa Europe Moxa Asia-Pacific Tel: +49-89-3 70 03 99-0 Tel: +886-2-8919-1230 Fax: +49-89-3 70 03 99-99 Fax: +886-2-8919-1231 Moxa India Tel: +91-80-4172-9088 Fax: +91-80-4132-1045 Table of Contents 1. -
Validated Products List, 1995 No. 3: Programming Languages, Database
NISTIR 5693 (Supersedes NISTIR 5629) VALIDATED PRODUCTS LIST Volume 1 1995 No. 3 Programming Languages Database Language SQL Graphics POSIX Computer Security Judy B. Kailey Product Data - IGES Editor U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Technology Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology Computer Systems Laboratory Software Standards Validation Group Gaithersburg, MD 20899 July 1995 QC 100 NIST .056 NO. 5693 1995 NISTIR 5693 (Supersedes NISTIR 5629) VALIDATED PRODUCTS LIST Volume 1 1995 No. 3 Programming Languages Database Language SQL Graphics POSIX Computer Security Judy B. Kailey Product Data - IGES Editor U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Technology Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology Computer Systems Laboratory Software Standards Validation Group Gaithersburg, MD 20899 July 1995 (Supersedes April 1995 issue) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Ronald H. Brown, Secretary TECHNOLOGY ADMINISTRATION Mary L. Good, Under Secretary for Technology NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY Arati Prabhakar, Director FOREWORD The Validated Products List (VPL) identifies information technology products that have been tested for conformance to Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) in accordance with Computer Systems Laboratory (CSL) conformance testing procedures, and have a current validation certificate or registered test report. The VPL also contains information about the organizations, test methods and procedures that support the validation programs for the FIPS identified in this document. The VPL includes computer language processors for programming languages COBOL, Fortran, Ada, Pascal, C, M[UMPS], and database language SQL; computer graphic implementations for GKS, COM, PHIGS, and Raster Graphics; operating system implementations for POSIX; Open Systems Interconnection implementations; and computer security implementations for DES, MAC and Key Management. -
Chapter 1. Origins of Mac OS X
1 Chapter 1. Origins of Mac OS X "Most ideas come from previous ideas." Alan Curtis Kay The Mac OS X operating system represents a rather successful coming together of paradigms, ideologies, and technologies that have often resisted each other in the past. A good example is the cordial relationship that exists between the command-line and graphical interfaces in Mac OS X. The system is a result of the trials and tribulations of Apple and NeXT, as well as their user and developer communities. Mac OS X exemplifies how a capable system can result from the direct or indirect efforts of corporations, academic and research communities, the Open Source and Free Software movements, and, of course, individuals. Apple has been around since 1976, and many accounts of its history have been told. If the story of Apple as a company is fascinating, so is the technical history of Apple's operating systems. In this chapter,[1] we will trace the history of Mac OS X, discussing several technologies whose confluence eventually led to the modern-day Apple operating system. [1] This book's accompanying web site (www.osxbook.com) provides a more detailed technical history of all of Apple's operating systems. 1 2 2 1 1.1. Apple's Quest for the[2] Operating System [2] Whereas the word "the" is used here to designate prominence and desirability, it is an interesting coincidence that "THE" was the name of a multiprogramming system described by Edsger W. Dijkstra in a 1968 paper. It was March 1988. The Macintosh had been around for four years. -
Filesystems HOWTO Filesystems HOWTO Table of Contents Filesystems HOWTO
Filesystems HOWTO Filesystems HOWTO Table of Contents Filesystems HOWTO..........................................................................................................................................1 Martin Hinner < [email protected]>, http://martin.hinner.info............................................................1 1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1 2. Volumes...............................................................................................................................................1 3. DOS FAT 12/16/32, VFAT.................................................................................................................2 4. High Performance FileSystem (HPFS)................................................................................................2 5. New Technology FileSystem (NTFS).................................................................................................2 6. Extended filesystems (Ext, Ext2, Ext3)...............................................................................................2 7. Macintosh Hierarchical Filesystem − HFS..........................................................................................3 8. ISO 9660 − CD−ROM filesystem.......................................................................................................3 9. Other filesystems.................................................................................................................................3 -
The Complete Freebsd
The Complete FreeBSD® If you find errors in this book, please report them to Greg Lehey <grog@Free- BSD.org> for inclusion in the errata list. The Complete FreeBSD® Fourth Edition Tenth anniversary version, 24 February 2006 Greg Lehey The Complete FreeBSD® by Greg Lehey <[email protected]> Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1999, 2002, 2003, 2006 by Greg Lehey. This book is licensed under the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5” license. The full text is located at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/legalcode. You are free: • to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work • to make derivative works under the following conditions: • Attribution. You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor. • Noncommercial. You may not use this work for commercial purposes. This clause is modified from the original by the provision: You may use this book for commercial purposes if you pay me the sum of USD 20 per copy printed (whether sold or not). You must also agree to allow inspection of printing records and other material necessary to confirm the royalty sums. The purpose of this clause is to make it attractive to negotiate sensible royalties before printing. • Share Alike. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under a license identical to this one. • For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. • Any of these conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Your fair use and other rights are in no way affected by the above. -
UNICOS® Installation Guide for CRAY J90lm Series SG-5271 9.0.2
UNICOS® Installation Guide for CRAY J90lM Series SG-5271 9.0.2 / ' Cray Research, Inc. Copyright © 1996 Cray Research, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This manual or parts thereof may not be reproduced in any form unless permitted by contract or by written permission of Cray Research, Inc. Portions of this product may still be in development. The existence of those portions still in development is not a commitment of actual release or support by Cray Research, Inc. Cray Research, Inc. assumes no liability for any damages resulting from attempts to use any functionality or documentation not officially released and supported. If it is released, the final form and the time of official release and start of support is at the discretion of Cray Research, Inc. Autotasking, CF77, CRAY, Cray Ada, CRAYY-MP, CRAY-1, HSX, SSD, UniChem, UNICOS, and X-MP EA are federally registered trademarks and CCI, CF90, CFr, CFr2, CFT77, COS, Cray Animation Theater, CRAY C90, CRAY C90D, Cray C++ Compiling System, CrayDoc, CRAY EL, CRAY J90, Cray NQS, CraylREELlibrarian, CraySoft, CRAY T90, CRAY T3D, CrayTutor, CRAY X-MP, CRAY XMS, CRAY-2, CRInform, CRIlThrboKiva, CSIM, CVT, Delivering the power ..., DGauss, Docview, EMDS, HEXAR, lOS, LibSci, MPP Apprentice, ND Series Network Disk Array, Network Queuing Environment, Network Queuing '!boIs, OLNET, RQS, SEGLDR, SMARTE, SUPERCLUSTER, SUPERLINK, Trusted UNICOS, and UNICOS MAX are trademarks of Cray Research, Inc. Anaconda is a trademark of Archive Technology, Inc. EMASS and ER90 are trademarks of EMASS, Inc. EXABYTE is a trademark of EXABYTE Corporation. GL and OpenGL are trademarks of Silicon Graphics, Inc. -
Guest OS Compatibility Guide
Guest OS Compatibility Guide Guest OS Compatibility Guide Last Updated: September 29, 2021 For more information go to vmware.com. Introduction VMware provides the widest virtualization support for guest operating systems in the industry to enable your environments and maximize your investments. The VMware Compatibility Guide shows the certification status of operating system releases for use as a Guest OS by the following VMware products: • VMware ESXi/ESX Server 3.0 and later • VMware Workstation 6.0 and later • VMware Fusion 2.0 and later • VMware ACE 2.0 and later • VMware Server 2.0 and later VMware Certification and Support Levels VMware product support for operating system releases can vary depending upon the specific VMware product release or update and can also be subject to: • Installation of specific patches to VMware products • Installation of specific operating system patches • Adherence to guidance and recommendations that are documented in knowledge base articles VMware attempts to provide timely support for new operating system update releases and where possible, certification of new update releases will be added to existing VMware product releases in the VMware Compatibility Guide based upon the results of compatibility testing. Tech Preview Operating system releases that are shown with the Tech Preview level of support are planned for future support by the VMware product but are not certified for use as a Guest OS for one or more of the of the following reasons: • The operating system vendor has not announced the general availability of the OS release. • Not all blocking issues have been resolved by the operating system vendor. -
Kratka Povijest Unixa Od Unicsa Do Freebsda I Linuxa
Kratka povijest UNIXa Od UNICSa do FreeBSDa i Linuxa 1 Autor: Hrvoje Horvat Naslov: Kratka povijest UNIXa - Od UNICSa do FreeBSDa i Linuxa Licenca i prava korištenja: Svi imaju pravo koristiti, mijenjati, kopirati i štampati (printati) knjigu, prema pravilima GNU GPL licence. Mjesto i godina izdavanja: Osijek, 2017 ISBN: 978-953-59438-0-8 (PDF-online) URL publikacije (PDF): https://www.opensource-osijek.org/knjige/Kratka povijest UNIXa - Od UNICSa do FreeBSDa i Linuxa.pdf ISBN: 978-953- 59438-1- 5 (HTML-online) DokuWiki URL (HTML): https://www.opensource-osijek.org/dokuwiki/wiki:knjige:kratka-povijest- unixa Verzija publikacije : 1.0 Nakalada : Vlastita naklada Uz pravo svakoga na vlastito štampanje (printanje), prema pravilima GNU GPL licence. Ova knjiga je napisana unutar inicijative Open Source Osijek: https://www.opensource-osijek.org Inicijativa Open Source Osijek je član udruge Osijek Software City: http://softwarecity.hr/ UNIX je registrirano i zaštićeno ime od strane tvrtke X/Open (Open Group). FreeBSD i FreeBSD logo su registrirani i zaštićeni od strane FreeBSD Foundation. Imena i logo : Apple, Mac, Macintosh, iOS i Mac OS su registrirani i zaštićeni od strane tvrtke Apple Computer. Ime i logo IBM i AIX su registrirani i zaštićeni od strane tvrtke International Business Machines Corporation. IEEE, POSIX i 802 registrirani i zaštićeni od strane instituta Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Ime Linux je registrirano i zaštićeno od strane Linusa Torvaldsa u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama. Ime i logo : Sun, Sun Microsystems, SunOS, Solaris i Java su registrirani i zaštićeni od strane tvrtke Sun Microsystems, sada u vlasništvu tvrtke Oracle. Ime i logo Oracle su u vlasništvu tvrtke Oracle. -
Introduction to the Linux Kernel: Challenges and Case Studies
Introduction to the Linux kernel: challenges and case studies Juan Carlos Sáez Alcaide Department of Computer Architecture and Automation ArTeCS Group Complutense University of Madrid IV Semana de la Informática 2018 Feb 8, 2018 About Me Juan Carlos Sáez Alcaide ([email protected]) Interim Associate Professor, UCM Department of Computer Architecture and Automation Teaching: Operating Systems, Linux and Android Internals,… Member of the ArTeCS Research Group High Performance Computing Computer Architecture Interaction between system software and architecture … UCM Campus Representative of the USENIX Int’l Association Login (USENIX Magazine) IV Semana de la Informática 2018 - 2 Outline 1 Introduction 2 Main Features 3 Kernel Control Paths and Concurrency 4 Common Kernel abstractions 5 A case study: PMCTrack tool IV Semana de la Informática 2018 - 3 Outline 1 Introduction 2 Main Features 3 Kernel Control Paths and Concurrency 4 Common Kernel abstractions 5 A case study: PMCTrack tool IV Semana de la Informática 2018 - 4 Unix (I) Unics – Unix (1969) Created by Ken Thompson and rewrit- ten in “C” by Dennis Ritchie (1973) V6 (1975): Public source code (AT&T license) BSD distributions (Billy Joy) John Lion’s book on UNIX V6 Keys to success 1 Inexpensive license 2 Source code available 3 Code was simple and easy to modify 4 Ran on modest HW IV Semana de la Informática 2018 - 5 Unix (II) Unix (Cont.) V7 (1979): code can be no longer used for academic purposes Xenix (1980) Microsoft SCO Unix System III (1982) Unix System V (1983) HP-UX, IBM’s AIX, Sun’s Solaris IV Semana de la Informática 2018 - 6 Unix (III) Proyecto GNU (1983) - Richard Stallman SO GNU: Emacs, GNU compiler collection (GCC), GNU Hurd (kernel) Minix v1 (1987) - Andrew Tanenbaum Richard Stallman Minimal Unix-like OS (Unix clone) Teaching purposes. -
TASK \ OS TASK \ OS TASK \ OS Show/Set EEPROM
TASK \ OS OS notes administrative GUI managing users TASK \ OS list hardware configuration unique id useful for licensing show/set EEPROM/NVRAM values add device without reboot remove device tape device stdin/ stdout/ stderr X kvm config TASK \ OS read a disk label whole disk in partition label a disk partition a disk TASK \ OS kernel show/set kernel parameters limit physical memory loaded kernel modules load module unload module make disk bootable startup scripts start/ stop/ config services shutdown (& power off if possible) run levels 1 *=normal states for more detail see www.phildev.net/runlevels.html show runlevel 1 time zone info check swap space bind process to CPU TASK \ OS "normal" filesystem volume-based filesystem file system description volume manipulation create filesystem create non-0-length empty file mount CDROM eject CDROM create/mount ISO image ACL management Fibre Channel / SAN TASK \ OS NFS share definitions NFS share command NFS information name resolution order show network interface info change IP start DHCP client ping one packet sniff network route definitions telnetd, ftpd banner set date/time (from net: ntp or other) TASK \ OS auditing encrypted passwords in min password length allow/deny root logins firewall config TASK \ OS show installed software file is in which package add software precompiled binaries of GPLware and freeware C compiler show patch level and/or patches patch tool configure/show runtime linking fortran-2000.com/ ArnaudRecipes/ sharedlib.html link library path tracing utility define user defaults csh global .login default syslog and messages system error reporting tool performance monitoring match process to file or port X pop-up Wikipedia FAQs (see also faqs.org) mailing list mailing list archives man pages www.freebsd.org/ cgi/man.cgi newsgroup(s) and forums groups.google user groups magazines vendor home page vendor docs and patches (see also man pages) vendor phone (US) wikis FreeBSD Derived from 4.4BSD-Lite and 386BSD. -
Research J Inc
c: RESEARCH J INC. CRAY® COMPUTER SYSTEMS eFT77 REFERENCE MANUAL S,R-0018 r<-w ~ Gopyright© 1986, 1988 by Gray Research, Inc. This manual or parts thereof may not be reproduced in any form unless permitted by contract or by written permission of Gray Research, Inc. RECORD OF REVISION RESEARCH. INC. PUBLICATION NUMBER SR-0018 Eadchhtime this manu~1 is r~vised and reprinted. all changes issued against the previous version are incorporated into the new version an t e new verSion IS assigned an alphabetic level. ~very page chan~ed by a reprint. with revisio~ has the revision level in the lower right hand corner. Changes to part of a page are noted y ~ changl!. bar In the margin directly o~poslte the c~a~ge. A change bar in the margin opposite the page number indicates that the entire page IS new. If the manual IS rewritten. the revIsion level changes but the manual does not contain change bars. Reql:'est.s for copies of C~ay Research. Inc. publications should be directed to the Distribution Center and comments about these publications should be directed to: CRAY RESEARCH. INC. 1345 Northland Drive Mendota Heights. Minnesota 55120 Revision Description April 1986 - Original printing. A September 1986 - Changes are the SUPPRESS directive and the TARGET command. Sections on input/output have been reorganized, with a new introduction in section 7. Other editorial changes have been made. Trademarks are now documented in the record of revision. The previous version is obsolete. B February 1988 - This reprint with revision adds the INCLUDE statement, Loopmark feature, BL and NOBL directives, ALLOC directive, INTEGER directive, I/INDEF option, -v option (UNICOS only), EDN keyword (COS only), and P and w options (CRAY-2 systems only).