Denver Radium Superfund Site Comprehensive Report
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DENVER RADIUM SUPERFUND SITE COMPREHENSIVE REPORT October 2014 Prepared by: City and County of Denver Department of Environmental Health Environmental Quality Division 200 W 14th Avenue, Suite 310 Denver, CO 80204 Authors: Amy Laughlin, Environmental Quality Intern 2014 Ellen Kennedy, Environmental Quality Intern 2014 Lindy Chavez, Environmental Quality Administrative Support Lisa Farrell, Environmental Quality Project Manager Funded by EPA Grant V96802801 Denver Radium Superfund Site Comprehensive Report TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents _______________________________________________________ i Abbreviations _________________________________________________________ v Introduction ___________________________________________________________ 1 Table of Contents ______________________________________________________________ 1 Introduction __________________________________________________________________ 2 Site Discovery and History _______________________________________________________ 2 EPA Superfund Process _________________________________________________________ 7 Five-Year Reviews _____________________________________________________________ 8 De-listing ____________________________________________________________________ 9 Bibliography __________________________________________________________________ 9 Endnotes ____________________________________________________________________ 10 Operable Unit 1 _______________________________________________________ 12 Table of Contents _____________________________________________________________ 12 Background Information _______________________________________________________ 13 Remedial Investigation _________________________________________________________ 13 Remedial Objectives/Record of Decision __________________________________________ 14 Remedial Action ______________________________________________________________ 14 Institutional Controls __________________________________________________________ 18 De-listing ___________________________________________________________________ 18 Bibliography _________________________________________________________________ 19 Endnotes ____________________________________________________________________ 20 Operable Unit 2 _______________________________________________________ 21 Table of Contents _____________________________________________________________ 21 Background Information _______________________________________________________ 22 Remedial Investigation _________________________________________________________ 23 Remedial Objectives/Record of Decision __________________________________________ 24 Explanation of Significant Differences _____________________________________ 25 Remedial Action ______________________________________________________________ 25 Supplemental Standards ________________________________________________________ 29 Institutional Controls __________________________________________________________ 30 De-listing ___________________________________________________________________ 31 Bibliography _________________________________________________________________ 31 Endnotes ____________________________________________________________________ 32 i Operable Unit 3 _______________________________________________________ 35 Table of Contents _____________________________________________________________ 35 Background Information _______________________________________________________ 36 Remedial Investigation _________________________________________________________ 37 Remedial Objectives/Record of Decision __________________________________________ 38 Explanation of Significant Differences _____________________________________ 38 Remedial Action ______________________________________________________________ 39 Supplemental Standards ________________________________________________________ 44 Monitoring __________________________________________________________________ 45 Institutional Controls __________________________________________________________ 46 De-listing ___________________________________________________________________ 47 Bibliography _________________________________________________________________ 48 Endnotes ____________________________________________________________________ 49 Operable Unit 4, 5, 9B _________________________________________________ 51 Table of Contents _____________________________________________________________ 51 Background Information _______________________________________________________ 52 Remedial Investigation _________________________________________________________ 54 Remedial Objectives/Record of Decision __________________________________________ 54 Explanation of Significant Differences _____________________________________ 55 Remedial Action ______________________________________________________________ 55 Supplemental Standards ________________________________________________________ 60 OU-9B (ROBCO Metals) _______________________________________________________ 62 Groundwater Monitoring _______________________________________________________ 64 Institutional Controls __________________________________________________________ 65 De-listing ___________________________________________________________________ 66 Bibliography _________________________________________________________________ 67 Endnotes ____________________________________________________________________ 69 Operable Unit 6, 9A, 11 ________________________________________________ 71 Table of Contents _____________________________________________________________ 71 Background Information _______________________________________________________ 72 Remedial Investigation _________________________________________________________ 75 Remedial Objectives/Record of Decision __________________________________________ 78 Explanation of Significant Differences _____________________________________ 80 Remedial Action ______________________________________________________________ 81 Excavation Activities __________________________________________________________ 87 Supplemental Standards ________________________________________________________ 88 Institutional Controls __________________________________________________________ 90 De-listing ___________________________________________________________________ 90 Bibliography _________________________________________________________________ 91 Endnotes ____________________________________________________________________ 93 ii Operable Unit 7 _______________________________________________________ 95 Table of Contents _____________________________________________________________ 95 Background Information _______________________________________________________ 96 Remedial Investigation _________________________________________________________ 97 Remedial Objectives/Record of Decision _________________________________________ 100 Explanation of Significant Differences ____________________________________ 101 Remedial Action _____________________________________________________________ 102 Management Plan ____________________________________________________________ 102 Radioactive Materials License ___________________________________________ 103 Quarterly Reports _____________________________________________________ 103 Deer Trail Regional Facility _______________________________________ 103 Storage and Permanent Off-site Disposal Activities ____________________ 104 Denver Radium Streets ________________________________________________________ 107 2002 Denver Radium Pilot Study _________________________________________ 107 2003 Denver Radium Street Replacement Activity ___________________________ 108 2004 Denver Radium Street Replacement Activity ___________________________ 110 2005 Denver Radium Street Replacement Activity ___________________________ 111 2006 Denver Radium Street Replacement Activity ___________________________ 111 2007 Denver Radium Street Replacement Activity ___________________________ 111 De-listing __________________________________________________________________ 115 Bibliography ________________________________________________________________ 116 Endnotes ___________________________________________________________________ 120 Operable Unit 8 ______________________________________________________ 122 Table of Contents ____________________________________________________________ 122 Background Information ______________________________________________________ 123 Remedial Investigation ________________________________________________________ 125 Remedial Objectives/Record of Decision _________________________________________ 128 Opposition to ROD ____________________________________________________ 128 Amended to ROD _____________________________________________________ 130 Remedial Action: Original ROD ________________________________________________ 130 Remedial Action: Amended ROD _______________________________________________ 131 Explanation of Significant Differences _____________________________________ 137 Institutional Controls _________________________________________________________ 138 De-listing __________________________________________________________________ 139 Bibliography ________________________________________________________________ 140 Endnotes ___________________________________________________________________ 142 Operable Unit 10 _____________________________________________________ 143 Table of Contents ____________________________________________________________ 143 Background Information ______________________________________________________