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Pucambu2014.Pdf Si ringraziano per la gentile concessione dei loro scritti / We would like to thank the following for the kind concession of their texts Noemi Evoli, Andrea Laurenzano, Fabio L. Macheda, Antonio T. Mingozzi, Domenico Minuto, Alfonso Picone Chiodo, Tito Squillaci, Sebastiano Maria Venoso Fotografie di / Photographs by Luca Andreoni, Eleonora Bertani, Francesco Bevilacqua, Cecè Casile, Ettore Castagna, Massimo Collini, Noemi Evoli, Domenico Fiorenza, Andrea Laurenzano, Antonio T. Mingozzi, Domenico Nucera (Mimmolino l’Artista), Giuseppe Pontari, Tito Squillaci, Pierpaolo Storino, Sebastiano Stranges, Pasquale Valle La cartina dell’area grecanica è di / The map of the Graecanic area is by Aldo Zucco Disegni di / Drawings by Stefano Fraschetti Traduzione in inglese di / English translation by Kay Mc Carthy Graphic design by Luca Andreoni La II Edizione della Guida è stata realizzata dal GAL Area Grecanica, in collaborazione con Calabria Letteraria Editrice, nell’ambito del PSL Nèo Avlàci (PSR Calabria 2007/2013) This edition of the Guide, its second, was produced by the Grecanica Area GAL association, in collaboration with the Calabria Letteraria Editrice publishing company, as part of the PSL Nèo Avlàci (PSR Calabria 2007/2013) project I Edizione 2002, II Edizione 2014 Pucambù Guida al turismo sostenibile nell’Area Grecanica A guide to sustainable tourism in the Graecanic Area a cura di / edited by Ettore Castagna This world is so big Tuto còsmio ène tòsso mèga Questo mondo è così grande I don’t know where it ends. ti egò den scero pu tegliònni che non so dove finisce. I won’t live as long En’e zìo tòssu chrònu Non vivrò tanto a lungo as to cross it all ia na pào porpatònda per attraversarlo but travelling through it ti porpatònda òlo to cosmio che’ percorrendolo tutto brings me joy ècho megàli charapìa sento una grande gioia and the many things I see ti torònda tòssa pràmata che’ di vedere innumerevoli cose overwhelm my heart. mu jomònnete i cardìa mi riempio il cuore Mastr’Angelo Maisano INDICE INDEX I Riza… La lunga radice dei Greci di Calabria Ettore Castagna 7 The Riza… the Greek-Calabrian people’s ancient roots Lingua e poesia di un’antica cultura da salvare Ettore Castagna 25 The language and poetry of an ancient people; a cultural heritage worth saving L’area Grecanica oggi fra antiche radici e turismo sostenibile Ettore Castagna 35 The Graecanic area today amidst ancient roots and sustainable tourism Una cucina di pastori e contadini Ettore Castagna 51 The food of shepherds and farmers Musica e strumenti dell’Aspromonte greco Ettore Castagna 59 The music and instruments of Greek Aspromonte Danza e socialità nell’Aspromonte greco Ettore Castagna 67 Dance and sociality in Greek Aspromonte Paleariza, il festival della Calabria Greca Ettore Castagna 77 The Paleariza Festival Dalla rinascita di Pentedattilo all’esperienza dei “Borghi Solidali” Fabio L. Macheda e 85 From the rebirth of Pentedattilo to the “Solidarity Village” experience Noemi Evoli Un itinerario fra i beni artistici del territorio grecanico Sebastiano MariaVenoso 93 A tour amid the cultural heritage of the Graecanic area Sull’artigianato greco-calabro Tito Squillaci 101 Graecanic-Calabrian handicraft Note sulla cultura del territorio grecanico Domenico Minuto 107 Cultural notes on Graecanic Calabria Natura e sentieri nella vallata dell’Amendolea Alfonso Picone Chiodo 129 Nature and the trails of the Amendolea valley Il Sentiero dell’Inglese Andrea Laurenzano 149 The Englishman’s trail La casa della tartaruga - La Caretta caretta sulle coste grecaniche Antonio T. Mingozzi 159 The loggerhead turtle’s home on the Graecanic coast Dormire, mangiare... Ettore Castagna 164 Where to eat and sleep 6 I Riza… La lunga radice dei Greci di Calabria Ettore Castagna The Riza… the Greek-Calabrian people’s ancient roots In the beginning was Magna Graecia, then it In principio c’era la Magna Grecia, ma dopo came to pass that... avvenne che… The Greekness of Calabria has remote, ancient La grecità in Calabria ha radici antichissime che roots hailing back not only to the age of Magna Grae- non si limitano alla Magna Grecia ma si legano alla cia but also to the history of Tema tis Calavrìas - the storia del Tema tis Calavrìas, la provincia occidenta- western province of the Byzantine Empire on whose le dell’Impero Bizantino di cui la regione costituì per behalf the region acted as an outpost for centuries. secoli un avamposto. Certo rimane un fatto straordi- The historical-linguistic line of continuity linking the nario la linea di ininterrotta continuità storico-lingui- early Greek colonies to the Greek-speaking people of stica che lega le prime colonie greche agli ellenofoni present-day Aspromonte is extraordinary. dell’Aspromonte di oggi. Even if the age of Magna Graecia is usually better Ma se è probabilmente più nota la fase magnogreca, known than the Byzantine epoch, the latter had such an non altrettanto è quella bizantina che ebbe invece un important formative impact on the political and cultur- aspetto centrale non solo politico quanto soprattutto al history of Calabria (acting as it did as a revitalising culturale, costituendo un elemento imprescindibile di driving force by impacting considerably on its history) lettura della storia regionale e facendo da rivitalizzan- that it is impossible to understand the history of the te volano della grecità calabrese. Senza dubbio dun- area without taking it into due account. In present-day que la resistenza sino a tutt’oggi di comunità ellenofo- Calabria (and Apulia), the existence of Greek-speaking ne in Calabria (ed in Puglia) si deve alla fondamentale communities is undoubtedly due to the propulsive thrust spinta propulsiva del mondo bizantino. Buona parte of their Byzantine cultural past. Because most of the his- della storia calabrese dunque, non solo quella degli tory of Calabria and not only that of these last linguistic ultimi testimoni linguistici dell’Aspromonte, va rivi- vestiges of the Aspromonte district, should be re-read sta alla luce di questa cardinale finestra “orientale”. in the light of this “oriental” influence, we shall begin Inizieremo dunque il nostro percorso “direttamente” our journey “directly” from the world of Byzantine Italy. dal mondo bizantino d’Italia. Broadening horizons… from Byzantine Italy Allargando gli orizzonti… dall’Italia bizantina to Byzantine Calabria alla Calabria bizantina When the Ostrogoth king Athalaric, grandson and Alla morte di Atalarico, nipote e successore di Te- successor of Theodoric the Great, died in 534 AD, the odorico, nel 534 gli insanabili scontri ereditari fra i irreconcilable hereditary clashes between the Goths Goti diedero all’imperatore d’Oriente, Giustiniano I provided the Emperor of the East, Justinian I (527- (527-565) l’atteso pretesto per intervenire in Italia. In 565), with the pretext he had long been seeking to generale questo faceva parte di un complessivo piano intervene in Italy. In actual fact, this was part of an di riconquista della sezione occidentale dell’Impero 7 overall plan to reconquer the western part of the Empire considered a part of Rome’s heritage. In southern Italy the Byzantines came across a people with whom they shared common cultural roots: the Greek-speaking heirs of Magna Graecia. As we know, the Latin and the Greek civilisations had coexisted for centuries within that magnificent cultural melting pot known as the Roman Empire. As regards cultural identification with the Roman Empire, it is interesting to note that the Byzantines called themselves Romioi, in other words, Romans. Moreover, the surname Romeo, commonly found today in “Byzantine” Calabria also means “Roman”. The conflict between the Goths and the Romei which lasted for over twenty years (between 535 and 554) not only exhausted the two armies involved, but also most of Italy, the theatre of the war and the object of contention. The “peace” that followed did not last very long. In 568 the Langobardic invasion upset the political balance of the Italian peninsula and obliged the Byzantines to live alongside the Langobardic principalities set up in various parts of Italy. Roughly speaking, the Langobards settled in the northern districts for some time, leaving the south- ern regions mainly under the Eastern Empire. As early as the sixth century AD, the Byzantine dominions were administered politically as exarchates (during this period, the word exarchos assumed the meaning of Supreme Military Commander). Thus, the Italian exarch became the peninsula’s highest authority. Until the Langobardic conquest of 751, Ravenna was the seat of Italy’s exarchate due to its strategic position and its control of the Adri- atic Sea. However, at the beginning of the seventh century, the borders of the Italian Byzantine dominions had already shrunk back to the Venetian lagoon, Romagna, the Marches and the narrow Umbrian Armerina corridor linking them to the Duchy of Rome and the strip running from Naples to the coasts of Apulia and Calabria, south of Crati. The islands of Sicily and Sardinia belonged to the African exarchate. It was only towards the end of the seventh century, that Sicily became a Byzantine province (Tema) whose jurisdiction also included Calabria. During this period, the name Calavrìa was transferred from the Apulian areas of Salento, to the ancient region of Bruttium, the area known as Calabria today. During the early decades of the ninth century, the Arab conquest of Sicily began under the Aghlabids. The cen- tral Byzantine powers chose not to oppose this invasion since they were more interested in addressing the threat 8 considerata parte dell’eredità romana. Inoltre, senza dubbio, i bizantini trovavano nell’Italia meridionale genti di comune radice culturale, gli eredi ellenofoni della Magna Grecia. Com’è noto, l’anima latina e quella greca ave- vano da sempre convissuto nella storia dell’Impero Romano in quella magnifica osmosi civile che ben conoscia- mo.
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