Cayuga Creek Habitat Restoration Plan Niagara Falls, Niagara County New York

EN-003292-0001-01-B4005

March 2014

Prepared for:

CITY OF NIAGARA FALLS 305 City Hall 745 Main Street Niagara Falls, New York 14302-0069

Prepared by:

ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT, INC. 368 Pleasant View Drive Lancaster, New York 14086

Table of Contents

able of Contents

Section Page

1 Introduction ...... 1-1

Appendix

A Jayne Park on Cayuga Island Habitat Restoration Plan ...... A-1 A.1 Site Description ...... A-1 A.2 Description of Habitat Restoration and Restoration/Enhancement Objectives ...... A-2 A.2.1 Project Goals ...... A-2 A.2.2 Project Objectives ...... A-2 A.3 Restoration Communities/Features ...... A-3 A.3.1 Invasive Species Management and Riparian Corridor Restoration and Expansion ...... A-3 A.3.2 Emergent Wetland Restoration and Recreational Opportunity Enhancement ...... A-3 A.3.3 Emergent Marsh Enhancement and Invasive Species Management ...... A-4 A.3.4 Warm-season Grassland/Meadow ...... A-5 A.3.5 Open Woodland Meadow ...... A-7 A.4 Site Location ...... A-8 A.5 Anticipated Timeline for Restoration Project ...... A-8 A.6 Estimated Implementation Schedule ...... A-8 A.7 Long-Term Maintenance ...... A-9 A.8 Cost Estimate ...... A-10 A.9 Performance Standards and Monitoring Parameters ...... A-10 A.10 Ownership and Need for Permits ...... A-11

B Griffon Park Habitat Restoration Plan ...... B-1 B.1 Site Description ...... B-1 B.2 Description of Habitat Restoration and Restoration/Enhancement Objectives ...... B-1 B.2.1 Project Goals ...... B-2 B.2.2 Project Objectives ...... B-2 B.3 Restoration Communities/Features ...... B-2 B.3.1 Invasive Species Management and Riparian Corridor Restoration ...... B-2

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Section Page

B.3.2 Emergent Wetland Restoration ...... B-3 B.3.3 Warm-season Grassland/Meadow ...... B-3 B.3.4 River Bank Bioengineering/Bank Softening ...... B-4 B.4 Site Map and Location ...... B-5 B.5 Anticipated Timeline for Restoration Project ...... B-5 B.6 Estimated Implementation Schedule ...... B-5 B.7 Long-Term Maintenance ...... B-6 B.8 Cost Estimate ...... B-7 B.9 Performance Standards and Monitoring Parameters ...... B-7 B.10 Ownership and Need for Permits ...... B-8

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List of Tables

ist of Tables

Table Page

A-1 Jayne Park Restoration Plant List, Jayne Park, Niagara Falls, Niagara County New York ...... A-13

A-2 Prescribed Seed Mixes for the Various Planned Restoration Communities in Jayne Park, Niagara Falls, Niagara County, New York ...... A-16

A-3 Jayne Park Restoration, Cayuga Creek Restoration - Summary ...... A-17

B-1 Griffon Park Restoration Plant List, Griffon Park, Niagara Falls, Niagara County, New York ...... B-10

B-2 Prescribed Seed Mixes for the Various Planned Restoration Communities in Griffon Park, Niagara Falls, Niagara County, New York...... B-13

B-3 Griffon Park Restoration, Cayuga Creek Restoration - Summary ...... B-14

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List of Figures

ist of Figures

Figure Page

A-1 Cayuga Island/Jayne Park Site ...... A-19

A-2 Planned Restoration Communities/Cayuga Island/Jayne Park Site ...... A-21

A-3 Emergent Wetland Enhancement and River Viewing Access Jayne Park ...... A-23

B-1 Cayuga Island/Griffon Park Site ...... B-17

B-2 Planned Restoration Communities/Features for the Cayuga Island and Griffon Park Site ...... B-19

B-3 River Bank Bioengineering/Bank Softening Griffon Park ...... B-21

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1 Introduction

A screening process was conducted in the fall of 2013 across seven previously selected sites within or near the Cayuga Creek watershed to identify one or more sites that would be suitable candidates for the use of construction funds provided by the Cooperative Agreement between the City of Niagara Falls and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). The seven sites included:

• North Site; • City Site; • Lower Reach Site; • Wheatfield Site; • Jayne Park on Cayuga Island; • 102nd Street Landfill (including Griffon Park); and • Weber Property.

Appendix A and Appendix B provide habitat restoration site plans for two sites for potential inclusion in the Cayuga Creek Habitat Restoration Plan. Whether both plans (sites) will be used for construction will be determined by a number of factors, including overall construction budgets for each site compared to the available funds of $198,000, as provided by the Cooperative Agreement between the City of Niagara Falls and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS).

Site visits were completed and preliminary habitat restoration concepts were developed for each site. The sites were subsequently evaluated for the following:

• Accessibility to potential work areas; • Ownership (public versus private); • Existing physical and biological conditions; • Potential for functional uplift of ecological services; • Complexity of design; and • Constructability.

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1 Introduction

The details of the site examination and recommendation process are described in the Habitat Restoration Opportunities for the Sites Selected for Consideration in the Lower Cayuga Creek Watershed document that was provided to the City of Niagara Falls and the USFWS, and, therefore, will not be repeated here.

The following attachments present habitat restoration plans for Jayne Park on Cayuga Island and Griffon Park, both of which are located in the city of Niagara Falls. The habitat restoration plans for these sites provide the conceptual framework for restoration projects identified in the Cooperative Agreement, and, as such, include information on the following:

• Description and restoration objectives of project(s); • Maps of project(s); • Timeline for completion of project(s); • Description of how project(s) will be implemented (e.g., project specifications and contractors to be used); • Cost of project(s); • Performance standards and monitoring parameters of project(s); • Description of how long-term maintenance and protection of restoration projects will be achieved; and • Information on ownership of project area(s) and need for permits.

The Jayne Park on Cayuga Island Habitat Restoration Plan is included in Appendix A. The Griffon Park Habitat Restoration Plan is included in Appendix B.

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Jayne Park on Cayuga Island A Habitat Restoration Plan

A.1 Site Description This site is a well-established park in Niagara Falls located on Cayuga Island opposite the confluence of Little Niagara River and Cayuga Creek. Jayne Park is an approximately 21-acre municipal park located on the northern portion of Cayuga Island, along the left descending bank of the Little Niagara River, approximately 5 miles east of Niagara Falls (see Figure A-1). Most of the park is mowed lawn with two baseball diamonds and other recreational amenities. There are some areas along the Little Niagara River and in various locations throughout the park that contain mature hardwood trees. Riparian habitat is present as a narrow band of vegetation along the edge of the river. There are also shallow submerged aquatic vegetation beds and emergent vegetation along the inside bend of the river. Residential land use and boat docks occupy the entire shoreline opposite the park. The stream channel is deepest along the outside bend (right descending bank) of the river where there are single-family houses and dock structures.

The narrow fringe of native, riparian habitat is impacted by landscape management (e.g., mowing) and expanding invasive plant communities. Although other invasive plants occur throughout the park, the following woody invasive species that occur within the riparian area of the park are targeted for control:

• Bush honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.); • Common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica); and • Multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora).

Common buckthorn is the predominant invasive species across Jayne Park and occurs in some areas to the near exclusion of other plant species, especially at the far eastern boundary of the park. Without control and management, all woody invasive plants will continue to expand within the park and the watershed.

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A Jayne Park on Cayuga Island Habitat Restoration Plan

A.2 Description of Habitat Restoration and Restoration/Enhancement Objectives Habitat restoration and habitat enhancement objectives for Jayne Park include the following:

• Invasive species management and riparian corridor restoration and expansion; • Emergent wetland restoration and recreational opportunity enhancement; • Emergent marsh enhancement and invasive species management; • Warm-season grassland/meadow; and • Open woodland meadow.

A.2.1 Project Goals Primary goals associated with this plan are to:

• Successfully restore, expand, and enhance riparian, grassland, and woodland vegetation to species native to the Niagara River watershed within selected locations across Jayne Park; and • Successfully install, create, and expand habitat features within restored native communities that account for existing construction budget constraints, and that will provide forage, cover, nesting, resting, and roosting for a greater number of wildlife species compared to existing wildlife utilization.

A.2.2 Project Objectives Project objectives include:

• Develop a planting list that will initiate the active restoration of emergent, riparian, and upland habitats, and increase biodiversity through the establishment and uplift of habitat form, function, and processes; and • Design and implement a site-specific invasive species management approach that will precede the introduction of replacement and restoration plant communities and reduce the impact of invasive plants on native plant succession. • Create locations for the enhancement of emergent wetland in three locations through the removal of invasive species and the placement of a nearshore structure designed to increase wetland expansion through sedimentation facilitation.

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A Jayne Park on Cayuga Island Habitat Restoration Plan

A.3 Restoration Communities/Features A.3.1 Invasive Species Management and Riparian Corridor Restoration and Expansion Jayne Park includes approximately 2,990 lineal feet of shoreline along the Little Niagara River. The riparian corridor that occurs along the top of bank is narrow, ranging from approximately 5 feet to approximately 30 feet wide. Existing native plant communities and riparian habitat are impacted by woody invasive plant species (i.e., common buckthorn, bush honeysuckle, and multiflora rose) (see Figure A-2 for invasive species management and restoration planting areas). In addition, habitat form and function is further constrained by its small aerial extent, in part as a result of land management activities in the park.

Invasive species management and restoration planting will occur in this area as summarized below.

Summary of Restoration Activities Invasive plant communities will be treated and removed within the entire extent of the riparian corridor. Treatment will involve mechanical and chemical methods. Cutting invasive plants will be immediately followed by chemical application of herbicide using basal bark application or painting cut stumps. A second round of herbicide treatment will occur early the following growing season. Individual plants that re-sprout will be treated along with and seedlings. As provided in Figure A-2, it is estimated that invasive plant management will occur across approximately 3 acres. For cost estimation purposes it is assumed that invasive species occur within 30% of the area or 0.9 acres across that area.

The riparian corridor will be restored by planting native riparian tree, shrub and herbaceous species in areas where invasive plants were removed and treated; expand the riparian corridor along the eastern half of the shoreline (see Figure A-2). Plantings will be completed after the invasive species management activities have been completed. It is estimated that approximately 30% of this area (0.9 acre per 37,800 square feet [SF]) will be available for planting after invasive plant treatment. The planting approach will involve the integration of native tree, shrub, and herbaceous species in the areas where invasive species were removed within the existing riparian corridor tree and shrub layers. Trees and shrub clusters will be planted in the riparian corridor expansion area. Specific native species were selected for introduction for wildlife value, resiliency, and ability to compete with future recruitment of invasive plants. Table A-1 provides plant species, forms, and numbers.

A.3.2 Emergent Wetland Restoration and Recreational Opportunity Enhancement Within the shoreline and near shore area in the western portion of the park, a subsurface, stabilized access area is proposed for a safe and controlled access area within the riparian corridor (see Figure A-3). This small feature is designed to provide stable access to the near shore and open water area that minimizes habitat disturbance associated with access routes to the water by park users. This planned

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A Jayne Park on Cayuga Island Habitat Restoration Plan

feature will provide expanded recreational opportunities for fishing, bird watching, and observation of wildlife, such as turtles. A portion of the shoreline is currently open in the location selected for this restoration element, and occurs diagonally across the stream from the confluence of Cayuga Creek and Little Niagara River. The restoration planting plan will provide appropriate plants for limited emergent planting just upstream and downstream of the restoration feature. Limited wetland restoration planting will occur in this area.

Summary of Restoration Activities Emergent wetland will be restored within Jayne Park by installation of an in-water feature that will encourage emergent wetland expansion and recruitment through changes in sedimentation patterns. A subsurface structure is planned in the nearshore area to locally modify the stream bed topography for the creation of an emergent wetland zone in the specific location designated (see Figure A-2). During high water events the structure will slow water velocities enough to disrupt localized sediment transport, resulting in sediment deposition adjacent to the feature. Upstream of the feature, the flattening of the water slope is expected to cause an eddy and deposition of sediment on the upstream side. The flow separation caused by the hydraulic jump (over the enhancement feature) will cause an eddy and sediment deposition on the downstream side adjacent to the bank. Sediment deposition in the nearshore area of the channel will create an optimal medium for emergent vegetation. Benefits include nearshore erosion protection from high water events and boat wakes along with structural habitat benefits for waterfowl, shorebirds, turtles, amphibians, and mink.

Limited initial emergent wetland plantings will occur after the installation of the feature in areas where water depths are less than 2 feet. Selected species are listed in Table A-1. The total area to be planted is approximately 500 square feet.

A.3.3 Emergent Marsh Enhancement and Invasive Species Management A portion of the nearshore community along Jayne Park is characterized by a stable emergent marsh along the inside bend of the Little Niagara River, near the middle section of the park. The remnant emergent marsh habitat associated with the park shoreline was surveyed by Patricia Eckel, formerly with Buffalo Museum of Science, whom documented the significance of the habitat. This area is a natural habitat feature and valuable reference site for other sites in the watershed. The planned restoration activity is to expand emergent wetland habitat along the Little Niagara River within a specific location within the park. Introduction of selected aquatic herbaceous plants will occur within the marsh to increase botanical diversity and species richness as well as structure to improve habitat for multiple faunal species. A combination of wetland shrubs and herbaceous plants are prescribed for areas within the marsh but mostly along fringes where invasive plant removals will create openings. Two tree species (black gum [Nyssa sylvatica] and bald cypress [Taxodium distichum]) are specified for the marsh edge or transition area between the marsh and the primary terrace.

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A Jayne Park on Cayuga Island Habitat Restoration Plan

Similar to the wetland component of the emergent wetland restoration and recreational opportunity enhancement feature (see Section A.3.2), existing emergent marsh habitat will be restored in places due to its habitat value and rarity within the Cayuga Creek and Niagara River watersheds, especially the lower urban watershed. Woody invasive plants along upstream and downstream “ends” of the marsh are expanding and consequently degrading habitat quality. Emergent marsh enhancement will occur in those locations where invasive species are removed and treated (see Figure A-2). Native plantings near the marsh will replace woody invasive species and provide a natural buffer within the riparian corridor. Specific aquatic plants were selected for introduction in the marsh to provide vegetative structure, and to increase botanical diversity and existing habitat value.

Invasive species management and restoration seeding/planting will occur within 0.1 acre in this area.

Summary of Restoration Activities Invasive species treatment will be followed by planting native wetland plant species to enhance the marsh area. Treatment and control of invasive plants in the identified areas is prescribed to halt the habitat degradation that occurs as a result of invasive species establishment and recruitment (see Figure A-2). Woody invasive plants will be removed in those locations where invasive species occur outside of, and adjacent to, the marsh. A similar treatment regime will be completed as outlined in Section A.3.1 in locations where invasive plants occur along the top of the bank and near the marsh-bank interface. Similarly, a second round of herbicide treatment will occur early the following growing season. Individual plants that re-sprout and seedlings will be spot treated. Plantings will occur in the gaps created by the mechanical removals of invasive species. There should be little-to-no changes to existing elevations in those locations where root wads are removed. Seeding with an emergent marsh wetland mix and selective planting of dormant live stakes and container grown wetland plants is prescribed for all disturbed soil areas and openings created by invasive plant removal (see Table A-1 for plant species, forms, and numbers; and Table A-2 for selected seed mixes).

A.3.4 Warm-season Grassland/Meadow A large portion of Jayne Park is currently mowed grass. One of the planned restoration communities is the creation of warm-season grassland/meadow habitat across approximately 3.3 acres within the park. Warm-season grasses once covered vast areas of North America and extended into riparian areas of watersheds in the eastern Great Lakes Basin. This grass and wildflower assemblage is well adapted to the various growing conditions that occur in different regions of the continent. In addition to seeding, selected container- grown wildflowers will be planted within this habitat feature to enhance the species assemblage and provide early plant maturity for beneficial pollinators. This native community type is resilient, drought tolerant, and has low requirements for water and fertilizers. Relatively small grassland and meadow

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A Jayne Park on Cayuga Island Habitat Restoration Plan

areas provide niche habitat for a variety of mammal and bird species, providing forage, cover, and nesting/resting space. Locations of planting pits for selected container-grown shrubs and wildflowers will be plotted in this area immediately after rough grading the seedbed. Digging planting pits, planting, and initial watering of selected material is prescribed prior to seeding activity. Although a management regiment of mowing is recommended every three to five years, long- term maintenance requirements will be far less than what currently exists.

Seedbed preparation and restoration seeding and planting will occur across 3.3 acres within the area designated per the restoration plan (see Figure A-2).

Summary of Restoration Activities A warm-season grassland/meadow across selected portions of Jayne Park will be created. A number of steps are required to plant the warm-season grassland/meadow community. The sequence of activities can be modified according to the project schedule, but seeding and planting are recommended in early spring in western New York. Restoration activities include:

• Seedbed preparation is required for successful establishment of this habitat feature. Delineation of aerial extent in summer or early fall of Project Year 1 (August/September) would be followed by application of a systemic herbicide (Glyphosate/Roundup) to remove the existing ornamental turf grass with caution to avoid collateral damage to native trees or shrubs in proximity of the grassland/meadow habitat; • Mechanical tilling will occur 14 days or more after herbicide treatment. Tilling would be completed to a depth of 4 inches to 6 inches across the designated area, with care given to avoid large surface/near surface tree roots; • A second herbicide treatment is recommended in late April or early May of Project Year 2 to control any remaining vegetation or plants from seed bank regeneration (exact timing of this treatment is weather dependent). Cultivation is prescribed 14 days after herbicide treatment to loosen soil in the seedbed followed by rough grading only. Seeding of the warm season grass mix with a “drill seeder” or equivalent method to insert seed into the seedbed is scheduled for no later than mid-May (seeding date is also dependent upon weather) and no less than 14 days after the late April herbicide application and final seedbed preparation. Table A-1 provides plant species, forms, and numbers and Table A-2 lists seed mixes; • Planting of selected container grown wildflowers (see Table A-1 Jayne Park Plant List) will occur at least 14 days after final herbicide treatment and prior to rough grading in preparation for seeding; and • All seeding practices will be consistent with the seed vendor’s recommendations.

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A Jayne Park on Cayuga Island Habitat Restoration Plan

A.3.5 Open Woodland Meadow Jayne Park contains two areas that are characterized by well-established mature tree species with managed lawn in the understory. These areas are located in the southeast portion of the park, adjacent to Joliet Avenue, and in the most western extent of the park (see Figure A-1). The open woodland meadow restoration community will leave the canopy trees intact and create conditions that will allow for the establishment of native shrubs and wildflowers in the understory. This feature will further reduce the maintenance requirements of mowing on a regular basis during the growing season, and will provide beneficial habitat for a variety of birds, butterflies, and other insects. This open canopy feature with a native plant understory will be easily accessible for passive wildlife observation as well as a functional transitional area and buffer for the riparian corridor habitat.

The prescribed seedbed preparation actions and schedule required for the warm- season grassland/meadow restoration community also apply to this community. However, additional activities unique to this habitat include the introduction of shade tolerant native plants in the grassland understory. Wildflowers and shrubs have been selected for planting within the open canopy understory in areas to create a shaded woodland community with specific bird and insect pollinator habitat values. Locations of planting pits for selected container grown shrubs and wildflowers will be plotted after rough grading the seedbed. Digging planting pits, planting, and initial watering of selected material is prescribed prior to seeding activity. It is estimated that 30% or 1.2 acres of the open woodland meadow or approximate area will require seedbed preparation, seeding and planting with selected trees and shrubs (see Table A-1 for plant species, forms, and numbers; and Table A-2 for selected seed mixes).

Seedbed preparation and restoration seeding and planting will occur across 1.2 acres within the area designated per the restoration plan (see Figure A-2).

Summary of Restoration Activities Existing treed areas in the uplands will be enhanced by diversifying the understory with native grasses, wildflowers, and shrubs (see Figure A-2). Restoration activities involve the following:

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A Jayne Park on Cayuga Island Habitat Restoration Plan

• A second herbicide treatment is recommended in late April or early May of Project Year 2 to control any remaining vegetation or plants from seed bank regeneration (exact timing of this treatment is weather dependent). Cultivation is prescribed 14 days after herbicide treatment to loosen soil in the seedbed followed by rough grading only. Seeding of the warm-season grass mix with a “drill seeder” or equivalent method to insert seed into the seedbed is scheduled for no later than mid-May (seeding date is also dependent upon weather) and no less than 14 days after the late April herbicide application and final seedbed preparation (see Table A-1 for plant species, forms, and numbers; and Table A-2 for seed mixes); • Planting selected container-grown wildflowers (see Table A-1) will occur at least 14 days after final herbicide treatment and prior to rough grading in preparation for seeding; and • All seeding practices will be consistent with seed vendor’s recommendations.

A.4 Site Location See Figure A-1 for the aerial view and parcel boundaries of Jayne Park; Figure A- 2 presents the locations and types of planned restorations features.

A.5 Anticipated Timeline for Restoration Project The total duration of the project is estimated to be 12 months from late summer/fall 2014 through fall 2015. Construction will occur during only part of that time period. Plants will be replaced per the warranty agreement with the Contractor in spring/early summer 2016.

A.6 Estimated Implementation Schedule Actual implementation may vary; however, seasonal timing is important for invasive species management activities and restoration planting for the construction of the habitat restoration project. For the purposes of providing an implementation schedule, it is assumed that construction would begin in 2014. The following is a tentative schedule:

July/August 2014 Year 1 • Contract Services Agreement and Material Procurement (or before this timeframe). • Contract Services On-Site Orientation (or before this timeframe). • Invasive Species Management: In-field identification of invasive species and mechanical and chemical treatments of woody invasive plants within the Invasive Species Management and Riparian Corridor Restoration area (see Figure A-2). • Emergent wetland restoration and recreational opportunity enhancement feature construction during low water period.

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A Jayne Park on Cayuga Island Habitat Restoration Plan

October 2014 • Invasive Species Management: Follow-up spot chemical treatments in the Invasive Species Management and Riparian Corridor Restoration Area. • Warm-Season Grassland/Meadow and Open Woodland Meadow Area: Seedbed preparation.

April /May 2015 Year 2 • Warm-Season Grassland/Meadow and Open Woodland Meadow: Seedbed preparation (round 2) and planting. • Emergent Marsh Enhancement and Invasive Species Management Area: Dormant live stake planting.

June/July 2015 • Invasive Species Management: Final chemical spot treatment in Invasive Species Management and Riparian Corridor Restoration Area. • Sitewide Planting Implementation: Planting in all restoration communities (with exception of Warm Season Grassland/Meadow) of container-grown plants and balled and burlapped trees.

October 2015 • Construction Performance Monitoring - Invasive species management efficacy, - Seeding and planting establishment, and - Warranty obligations.

A.7 Long-Term Maintenance Implementation of invasive species management and restoration planting as well as adherence to all elements of regulatory compliance and permitting is critical to the long-term success of the project. On-site monitoring of the implementation of the restoration plan specifications, construction, and warranty obligations is required for quality control and quality assurance. A project checklist, photolog, and daily logbook contract services for all contract services associated with the project is required to properly document all restoration project activities including plant material handling and staging areas prior to planting. After warranty obligations are completed, routine maintenance includes mowing of all restored grassland areas every three to five years to control recruitment of woody plants. Annual monitoring of restoration plantings within the riparian corridor is required to record establishment and density within each area. Documentation of plant failure due to vandalism, herbivory, or other causes is required for land managers to develop or modify management practices to protect remaining vegetation. Trees may require basal bark area protection from beaver and lawn mowing machinery. Regeneration or recruitment for off-site sources of invasive plants may require spot mechanical or chemical treatments.

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A Jayne Park on Cayuga Island Habitat Restoration Plan

A.8 Cost Estimate The total cost for construction of the restoration elements, as described herein, is estimated to be $141,000 in 2014 dollars. This amount includes a 30% contingency. See Table A-3 for quantities, unit costs, and reference information.

The cost estimates provided in this report qualify as Class IV estimates as defined by the American Association of Cost Engineering (AACE) 18r-97 Standards. Class IV estimates are commensurate with the conceptual or feasibility stage of a project with an expected low accuracy range of -15% to - 30% and with an expected high accuracy range of +20% to +50%.

A.9 Performance Standards and Monitoring Parameters A monitoring plan provides critical information to enable project sponsors to determine what efforts may be needed to achieve specific habitat restoration goals, assess restoration success, and to document change over time. In general, monitoring approaches are to measure and record temporal and spatial changes in various structural characteristics and functional processes within a given habitat type over a prescribed time period. An effective monitoring program is necessary to assess the status and trends of ecological health and biota richness and abundance, the details of which are developed on a per-project basis. Therefore, monitoring efforts should be scaled on a per-project basis, depending upon the restoration activities undertaken, the size and extent of the affected areas, and species being targeted. The monitoring plan for this project includes performance-based monitoring for the planting and continued survivorship and establishment of each of the planned restoration communities.

Vegetative community monitoring within each of the restoration communities would occur between June and August of each year subsequent to construction. It is expected that monitoring parameters will evaluate planted species survivorship and recruitment over time, species composition, and expansion of each of the restoration communities. In this case “expansion” also includes the “filling in” of areas within designated restoration communities as plantings will occur within some portions, but not all the designated communities (i.e., Riparian Corridor Expansion Area).

Monitoring Parameters Invasive Species. Since a key component to the habitat restoration plan is the management of invasive species, monitoring will include iterative mapping and counts of invasive plants on the site. It is assumed that invasive plant coverage at the end of the growing season - following the rounds of mechanical and chemical treatments – will be less than 15% across the treated area. The threshold of 15% is anticipated to come from re-sprouting of treated plants and the emergence of saplings (especially in the case of common buckthorn). Monitoring will begin shortly after the last chemical spot treatment and then in the summers of subsequent growing seasons. The long-term goal is eradication of invasive species from the site.

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A Jayne Park on Cayuga Island Habitat Restoration Plan

Native Species and Restoration Communities. The habitat assessment portion of the monitoring plan will involve measuring the overall area of restoration communities and the relative numbers/relative cover of native species within those communities. Plant community monitoring will focus (at a minimum) on determining total vegetative cover and predominant and common species with each of the restoration communities. Relative success will be based upon: • Comparison of the planted communities lists to the plant compositions within the restoration communities before treatment; • Relative cover of native species within each of the restoration communities; and • Physical expansion of the riparian area by each habitat restoration community.

The monitoring frequency and duration will be determined by the City of Niagara Falls and USFWS.

A.10 Ownership and Need for Permits Jayne Park is a public parcel owned by the City of Niagara Falls. Parcel information indicates a single ownership of the park. The work needed for obtaining permits will be completed by the City of Niagara Falls; however, a review of the restoration activities suggests that coordination should occur to determine the need for the following permits:

• Floodplain Management Permit 6 NYCRR Part 500 Floodplain Permit: All communities that participate in the National Flood Insurance Program have a local law or ordinance that regulates development within mapped floodplains. Any entity considering a construction/development activity within a floodplain should consult with their local floodplain manager. The entire extent of Jayne Park lies within the 100-year floodplain; therefore, project coordination should be conducted with the specific office within the City of Niagara Falls responsible for reviewing proposed projects in mapped floodplains. Floodplain construction requirements are listed online at http://www.dec.ny.gov/lands/40576.html. • NYS Protection of Waters Permit 6 NYCRR Part 608 Article 15: Jurisdictional activities triggering this permit include - Disturbance of the bed or banks of a protected stream or other watercourse, - Construction, Reconstruction or Repair of dams and other impoundment structures, and - Excavation or placement of fill in navigable waters and their adjacent and contiguous wetlands. The wetland enhancement and recreational opportunity feature located within a small portion of the Little Niagara River is likely to trigger the

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A Jayne Park on Cayuga Island Habitat Restoration Plan

need for review for this permit. This would typically require the submittal of a joint application to the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC). Similarly, a joint application to NYSDEC and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers would be submitted for a Clean Water Act Section 404/401 Water Quality Certification permit (presumably a Nationwide Permit [27]) under the USACE jurisdiction. • SPDES General Permit for Stormwater Discharges from Construction Activity 6 NYCRR Part 750 Article 17: Jurisdictional activities triggering this permit include construction activities involving soil disturbances of one or more acres. This permit requires the project sponsor to develop a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) and Notice of Intent and send them to NYSDEC, Bureau of Water Permits. Construction Contractor Responsibilities: The Contractor or Contractors responsible for the construction of the project will also be responsible for identifying and obtaining permits, licenses, and registrations required to complete the work described herein and as may be required by the federal, state, and/or local governments. Such permits or registrations that may apply are related to the application of pesticides and potentially a Permit to Use a Pesticide for the Control of an Aquatic Pest in those areas directly adjacent to the Little Niagara River and the emergent marsh.

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A Jayne Park on Cayuga Island Habitat Restoration Plan

Table A-1 Jayne Park Restoration Plant List, Jayne Park, Niagara Falls, Niagara County New York Habitat Restoration Areas Riparian Corridor Warm Restoration Riparian Season and Corridor Grassland/ Open Woodland Emergent Expansion .4 Enhancement Meadow Meadow Marsh AC 3.0 AC 3.3 AC 1.2 AC Enhancement 17,424 SF 1131,000 SF 144,000 SF 52,000 SF 4,356 SF Species Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Form Size Tree Amelanchier Serviceberry 8 18 B&B 1.5-inch Canadensis Celtis occidentalis Hackberry 4 6 B&B 1.5-inch Corylus cornuta Hazlenut 8 6 B&B 1.5-inch Juniperus Eastern red 4 B&B 1.5-inch virginiana cedar Lirodendron Tulip tree 4 B&B 1.5-inch tulipifera Nyssa sylvatica Black gum 3 B&B 1.5-inch Prunus virginiana Pin cherry B&B 1.5-inch Quercus alba White oak 6 B&B 1.5-inch Q.macrocarpa Burr oak 6 B&B 1.5-inch Taxodium Bald cypress 3 B&B 1.5-inch distichum Tilia americana American 4 12 B&B 1.5-inch basswood Total 30 50 6 6 Shrub C. alternifolia Pagoda 12 18 6 CR #5 dogwood C. rugosa Roundleaf 18 6 CR #5 dogwood C. amomum Silky 24 24 6 12 CR #5 dogwood

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A Jayne Park on Cayuga Island Habitat Restoration Plan

Table A-1 Jayne Park Restoration Plant List, Jayne Park, Niagara Falls, Niagara County New York Habitat Restoration Areas Riparian Corridor Warm Restoration Riparian Season and Corridor Grassland/ Open Woodland Emergent Expansion .4 Enhancement Meadow Meadow Marsh AC 3.0 AC 3.3 AC 1.2 AC Enhancement 17,424 SF 1131,000 SF 144,000 SF 52,000 SF 4,356 SF Species Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Form Size Cephalanthus Buttonbush 40 40 DLS 3-foot occidentalis Decodon Swamp 6 CR #5 verticillatus loosestrife Justicia American CR #5 americana water willow Lindera benzoin Spicebush 24 CR #5 Rosa palustris Swamp rose 12 6 CR #5 R. virginiana Virginia rose 12 16 18 12 CR #5 Rubus Blackberry 24 36 10 CR #5 alleganiensis Sambucus Elderberry 18 6 CR #5 canadensis Total 72 168 40 30 Herbaceous A. tuberosa Butterfly weed 24 24 72 36 CG #1 Asclepsias Swamp 36 12 CG #1 incarnata milkweed Carex stricta Tussock sedge 12 CG #1 Eupatorium Joe-pye weed 36 6 CG #1 maculatum Helianthus Jeruselem 36 24 CG #1 tuberosus artichoke Juncus effusus Softstem 36 18 CG #1 bullrush Liatris spicata 24 CG #1 Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal 24 18 CG #1

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A Jayne Park on Cayuga Island Habitat Restoration Plan

Table A-1 Jayne Park Restoration Plant List, Jayne Park, Niagara Falls, Niagara County New York Habitat Restoration Areas Riparian Corridor Warm Restoration Riparian Season and Corridor Grassland/ Open Woodland Emergent Expansion .4 Enhancement Meadow Meadow Marsh AC 3.0 AC 3.3 AC 1.2 AC Enhancement 17,424 SF 1131,000 SF 144,000 SF 52,000 SF 4,356 SF Species Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Form Size flower Monarda fistulosa Wild 24 24 72 36 CG #1 bergamot Pontederia Pickerel weed 24 6 CG #1 cordata Ratibida pinnata Prairie 24 24 48 CG #1 coneflower Schoenoplectus River bullrush 18 12 CG #1 fluviatilis Solidago rigida Stiff 24 48 36 CG #1 goldenrod Sparganium Eastern bur 18 12 CG #1 eurycarpum reed Veronia Ironweed 36 12 CG #1 noveboracensus Veronicastrum Culver’s root 24 36 24 CG #1 virginicum Total 96 396 288 108 132 Note: All square-foot calculations to the nearest 1,000 square foot. Key: CG - Container Grown, DLS - Dormant Live Stake, B&B - 1.5-inch balled and burlapped

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A Jayne Park on Cayuga Island Habitat Restoration Plan

Table A-2 Prescribed Seed Mixes for the Various Planned Restoration Communities in Jayne Park, Niagara Falls, Niagara County, New York Riparian Corridor Warm Open Woodland Restoration Season Meadow Emergent and Grassland/ (30% of 4.1 AC to Marsh Lbs. per Cost Seed Mix Expansion Meadow be seeded) Enhancement Acre per Lb. Acres Lbs. Partially Shaded Area X 20 $45.41 1.2 24 Roadside Mix ERNMX 140** Northeastern U.S. X 20 45.84 .4 8.0 Roadside Native Mix ERNMX-105 Showy Northeast X 20 50.88 3.25 65.0 Native Wildflower & Grass Mix ERNMX- 153 Showy Northeast X 12 133.70 .4 4.8 Native Wildflower Mix ERNMX-153-1 OBL-FACW X 20 61.46 .1 2.0 Perennial Food & Cover Wetland Mix ERNMX-120

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A Jayne Park on Cayuga Island Habitat Restoration Plan

Table A-3 Jayne Park Habitat Restoration, Cost Estimate Summary, Cayuga Creek Habitat Restoration Plan Description of Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Cost Comments Reference Construction Costs ($) ($) Mobilization/Demobilization 1 LS 12,000 12,000 Mobilization/ Engineer's Estimate of equipment demobilization costs for equipment Staging Area Preparation 1 LS 5,000 5,000 Engineer's Estimate Access Road Preparation 1 Day 941 941 Includes two laborers 2013 RSMeans Crew B-7A (Clearing trees) and two chainsaws minus Equipment Operator and Rake Invasive Species Removal 1 LS 8,300 8,300 See Itemized Costs Seedbed Preparation and 1 LS 16,400 $16,400 See Itemized Costs Seeding Areas Planting 1 LS 36,100 36,100 See Itemized Costs Rock Viewing Platform 1 LS 4,700 4,700 See Itemized Costs Restoration of Disturbed 1 LS 5,000 5,000 Includes Access and Engineer's Estimate areas staging area restoration Shop Drawings 1 LS 5,000 5,000 Assume three overall Engineer's Estimate sheets with applicable feature's locations. Coordination 1 LS 5,000 5,000 Engineer's Estimate Project Management 1 LS 10,000 10,000 Assumes management Engineer's Estimate time for Contractors. Construction Subtotal Costs $109,000 25 % Contingencies $28,000 Total Construction Costs in 2013 Dollars $137,000 Total Construction Costs in 2014 Dollars $141,000

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A Jayne Park on Cayuga Island Habitat Restoration Plan

Table A-3 Jayne Park Habitat Restoration, Cost Estimate Summary, Cayuga Creek Habitat Restoration Plan Assumptions: 1. The cost does not include legal or administrative costs. 2. Rough grading will be completed following the removal of invasive species material. 3. No temporary access road within the creek or to the creek from staging areas (clearing only). 4. Material staging area will be located near the site, within 300 feet from the creek. 5. Restoration of disturbed areas - allow $5,000 for restoration. 6. Excavated material will be used as backfill. 7. Pre-Design Survey completed by the local stakeholders. 8. Construction Survey will be completed by the Contractor. 9. Costs for modeling, design calculations, preparation of construction drawings, design report, etc. are not included in this cost estimate. 10. Silt Fencing will be added during preparation of staging areas. 11. 25 % Contingency is consistent with ER 1110-2-1302-Engineering and Design Civil Works Cost Engineering (1994) Appendix D Paragraph 7b, for Reconnaissance/Feasibility Estimates of < $10,000,000 Construction Cost. 12. All costs are in 2014 Dollars.

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Park Boundary Parcel 1 inch = 200 feet 0 25 50 100 Meters 0 150 300 600 Feet Figure A-1 Cayuga Island/Jayne Park Site, Niagara Falls, Niagara County, New York Path:L:\Buffalo\Niagara_River_Habitat_Strategy\maps\MXD\Cayuga\report_figures\Feb_2014\jayne_park_overview.mxd Data Source : NYS Office of Cybersecurity 2011; Niagara County RPTS 2012 E F V RO A N O L TI L 8 A ER A 8 SA A F T L LL V F H VE A E E U A SA EX B N T L P S O I LE Y T P EX P Y B UF FA LO A VE

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Schematic Plan View

Cayuga Creek

Little Niagara River Initial Emergent Wetland Planting Areas (<2’ water depth) 10 ' Rock • Minimum width 3' with a flat side • Minimum depth 3' • Minimum length 3' 3'

Schematic Cross Section

Summer Low Water Elevation

4' 10'

Figure A-3 Emergent Wetland Enhancement and River Viewing Access Jayne Park, Niagara Falls, New York

Griffon Park Habitat Restoration B Plan

B.1 Site Description Griffon Park lies directly across from the upstream end of Cayuga Island along Little Niagara River. The site is adjacent to the 102nd Street Landfill and east of Jayne Park, in the city of Niagara Falls (see Figure B-1). This site and Jayne Park have similar restoration opportunities and represent a restoration corridor where additive benefits will be realized along the Little Niagara River should this project and the Jayne Park on Cayuga Island Habitat Restoration Project be constructed. There have been recent improvements to the park including tree plantings along the eastern boundary of the park and within some of the interior areas. There is a fairly well established riparian zone along the top of the river bank, with some areas containing dense growth of trees. The river bank is comprised of riprap that, over time, has filled in with soil and organic material and has become vegetated across most areas. The habitat quality of the river bank and riparian zone is currently impacted by invasive plant communities, including bush honeysuckle, common buckthorn, multiflora rose, and Japanese knotweed.

The riprap area (0.2 acre/8,800 square feet [SF]) at the eastern end of the project site adjacent to the 102nd Street Landfill has minimal soil or organic material and is dominated by Japanese knotweed. This area represents an opportunity for riparian habitat enhancement. A restoration project at Griffon Park would build upon recent landscape improvements within the upland areas of the park and would involve treating invasive plants within the riparian corridor, planting emergent wetland fringes along the toe of the river bank, and introducing native plants within the riparian corridor. A replacement native plant community will be planted in the riprap area at the southernmost end of the park adjacent to the landfill as described above (see Figure B-3).

B.2 Description of Habitat Restoration and Restoration/Enhancement Objectives Habitat restoration and habitat enhancement elements for Griffon Park include the following:

• Invasive species management and riparian corridor restoration; • Emergent wetland restoration;

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• Warm season grassland/meadow; and • River bank bioengineering/bank softening.

B.2.1 Project Goals Primary goals associated with this plan are to successfully:

• Restore and enhance riparian, and grassland vegetation to species native to the Niagara River watershed within selected locations within Griffon Park. • Restore emergent wetland habitat along selected portions of the Little Niagara River bank – river interface. • “Soften” (e.g., naturalize) the southernmost portion of the river bank within Griffon Park using bioengineering techniques to establish native riparian species within that area. • Install restored native communities within selected areas within Griffon Park that will provide additional forage, cover, nesting, resting, and roosting native habitat compared to current wildlife use.

B.2.2 Project Objectives The objectives for the project are as follows:

• Develop a planting list that will initiate the active restoration of emergent, riparian, and river bank habitats and increase biodiversity through the establishment and uplift of habitat form, function, and processes. • Design and implement a site-specific invasive species management approach that will precede the introduction of replacement and restoration plant communities and reduce the impact of invasive plants on native plant succession. • Develop a combined invasive species management and bioengineering approach for the management of Japanese knotweed and for the re- vegetation of native species in a designated area along the river bank in the southern end of the park.

B.3 Restoration Communities/Features B.3.1 Invasive Species Management and Riparian Corridor Restoration Griffon Park includes approximately 950 lineal feet of shoreline along the right descending bank of the Little Niagara River near the confluence with the East Branch of the Niagara River. The riparian corridor that occurs along the top of bank is narrow, ranging from approximately 20 feet to approximately 50 feet wide. Existing native plant communities and riparian habitat are impacted by woody invasive plant species (i.e., common buckthorn [Rhamnus cathartica], multiflora rose [Rosa multiflora], bush honeysuckle [Lonicera spp.], and Japanese knotweed [Polygonum cuspidatum]). In addition, habitat form and function is further constrained by its small aerial extent in part as a result of land

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B Griffon Park Habitat Restoration Plan

management activities in the park. Invasive species treatment will be followed by restoration planting in openings where invasive species have been removed.

Summary of Restoration Activities Invasive plant communities within the entire extent of the riparian corridor will be treated and removed. Treatment will involve mechanical and chemical methods. Cutting of the invasive plants during the mid-to-late summer will be immediately followed by chemical application of herbicide using basal bark application or painting of cut stumps. A second round of herbicide treatment will occur in the fall of the same year, and then again early the following growing season in the form of spot treatments of any individual plants that re-sprout or seedlings that are in evidence. As provided in Figure B-1, it is estimated that invasive plant management will occur across approximately 1.1 acres. For cost estimation purposes it is assumed that invasive species occur within 20% of that area.

Restoration of riparian habitat within Griffon Park will occur by planting native riparian tree and shrub species in areas where invasive plants were treated and removed (see Figure B-2). Plantings will be installed after the invasive species management activities have been completed. The planting approach will involve the installation of native tree and shrub species in areas where invasive species have been removed. Tree and shrub clusters will be planted in the riparian corridor expansion area (see Table B-1 for plant species, forms, and quantities).

B.3.2 Emergent Wetland Restoration A narrow portion of the nearshore community along the toe of the slope and near shore area of Griffon Park supports a narrow fringe of emergent wetland vegetation. The planned restoration element is to expand and enhance emergent wetland habitat along the Little Niagara River and extend into the nearshore area in specific locations within the riparian corridor in the park as indicated in Figure B-2. The planned introduction of emergent wetland plants to the toe of slope in the riprap area in the southern portion of the park will provide a habitat transition area from open water/near shore to the restored side slope.

Summary of Restoration Activities Emergent wetlands will be restored by planting native emergent wetland plant species (shrubs and herbaceous plants) along the toe of the river bank in the nearshore area (see Figure B-2). Dormant live stakes will be planted in early spring March through April followed by installation of container-grown aquatic plants and seeding in May through June as listed in Table B-1 and B-2.

B.3.3 Warm-season Grassland/Meadow A small portion along the top of the river bank within Griffon Park is currently mowed grass (see Figure B-1). One of the planned restoration communities is the creation of warm season grassland/meadow habitat in a selected location that comprises just under 0.10 acres. Warm season grasses once covered vast areas of North America and they are well adapted to the various growing conditions that occur in different regions of the continent. This native community type is

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B Griffon Park Habitat Restoration Plan

resilient, drought tolerant, and has low requirements for water and fertilizers. Selected wildflowers will be added as container grown plants to improve beneficial, insect pollinator habitat. Grasslands provide niche habitat for a variety of mammal and bird species, providing forage, cover, and nesting/resting space. Although a regime of mowing is recommended every three to five years, the maintenance requirements will be less than what is currently practiced. The installation of this restoration community in the selected area will restore native vegetation along a portion of the undeveloped top of bank within the park. The small grassland feature will replace managed turf grass near the northern end of the park at the existing wildlife viewing area along the river.

Summary of Restoration Activities A small warm-season grassland/meadow will be created in a selected location in Griffon Park. A number of steps will occur to plant the warm-season grassland/ meadow community, as follows:

• Seedbed preparation is required for successful establishment of this habitat feature. Delineation of aerial extent in summer or early fall of Project Year-1 (August/September) would be followed by application of a systemic herbicide (Glyphosate/Roundup) to remove the existing ornamental turf grass with caution to avoid collateral damage to native trees or shrubs in proximity of the grassland/meadow habitat. • Mechanical tilling will occur approximately 14 days or more after herbicide treatment. Tilling would be completed to a depth of 4 to 6 inches across the designated area, with care given to avoid large surface/near surface tree roots and existing native vegetation. • A second herbicide treatment is recommended in late April or early May of Project Year-2 to control any remaining turf grass vegetation or undesirable plants from seed bank regeneration (exact timing of this treatment is weather dependent). • Cultivation is prescribed 14 days after herbicide treatment to loosen soil in the seedbed followed by rough grading only. Seeding of the warm season grass mix with a “drill seeder” or equivalent method to insert seed into the seedbed is scheduled for no later than mid to late May and no less than 14 days after the late April/early May herbicide application and final seedbed preparation. Table B-1 provides plant species, forms, and numbers. Table B-2 provides seed mixes. • All seeding practices will be consistent with seed vendor’s recommendations.

B.3.4 River Bank Bioengineering/Bank Softening Invasive plant treatments to control Japanese knotweed in this area will initiate site preparation for introduction of restoration plants and a replacement native plant community. Control methods will include a combination of mechanical and chemical treatments during the growing season to prepare the area for planting.

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B Griffon Park Habitat Restoration Plan

Interstices within the riprap area in the southern portion of the park along the river will be soil-coked or filled to create seeding and planting areas (see Figure B-3).

B.3.5 Summary of Restoration Activities

July/August 2014 Invasive species management will involve the following combination of chemical and mechanical treatments in Year 1 and two chemical treatments in Year 2:

• Chemical treatment of all Japanese knotweed by foliar spray method will occur in spring or early summer when aboveground plant biomass reaches a height of 3 feet to 4 feet. Within two to four weeks after chemical treatment, all aboveground biomass in the treatment area will be cut, removed and disposed of in an approved landfill. • Chemical treatment of all residual or regeneration of knotweed by foliar spray method will occur in late September or early October of Year 1. • Follow up and final chemical treatment of all residual or regeneration of knotweed by foliar spray method will occur in late June of Year 2. • Cutting, removal, and disposal of remaining aboveground biomass in this area will occur two to four weeks after treatment. • Topsoil with organic matter content above 20% will be rough graded over riprap so it will slope to a point approximately 3 feet above mean high water elevation. • Seeding and planting of material specified in Table B-1 and B-2 will occur in late summer or early fall of Year 2.

B.4 Site Map and Location See Figure B-1 for an aerial view of Griffon Park and parcel boundaries; Figure B-2 presents the locations and types of planned restorations features.

B.5 Anticipated Timeline for Restoration Project The total duration of the project from start to construction completion is estimated to be 12 months, from summer/fall 2014 (Year 1) through fall 2015 (Year 2). Construction will occur during only a portion of that time period. Plants will replaced per the warranty agreement with the Contractor in spring/early summer 2016.

B.6 Estimated Implementation Schedule Actual implementation may vary; however, seasonal timing is important for invasive species management activities and restoration planting for the construction of the habitat restoration project. For the purposes of providing an implementation schedule, it is assumed that construction would begin in 2014. The following is a tentative schedule:

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B Griffon Park Habitat Restoration Plan

July/August 2014 Year 1 • Contract Services Agreement and Material Procurement (or before this timeframe). • Contract Services On-Site Orientation (or before this timeframe). • Invasive Species Management: In-field identification of invasive species and mechanical and chemical treatments of woody invasive plants within the invasive species management and riparian corridor restoration area (see Figure B-2).

October 2014 • Invasive Species Management: Follow-up spot chemical treatments in the invasive species management and riparian corridor restoration area. • Warm-Season Grassland/Meadow area - seedbed preparation.

April/May 2015 Year 2 • Warm-Season Grassland/Meadow: Seedbed preparation (round 2) and planting. • Emergent Wetland Enhancement: Dormant live stake planting.

June/July 2015 • Invasive Species Management: Final chemical spot treatment in the Riparian Corridor Restoration area. • Sitewide Planting Implementation: Planting in all restoration communities (with exception of Warm-Season Grassland/Meadow). Container-grown plants and balled and burlapped trees.

October 2015 • Construction Performance Monitoring - Invasive species management efficacy; - Seeding and planting establishment; and - Warranty obligations.

B.7 Long-Term Maintenance Implementation of invasive species management and restoration planting as well as adherence to all elements of regulatory compliance and permitting is critical to the long-term success of the project. On-site monitoring of the implementation of the restoration plan specifications, construction, and warranty obligations is required for quality control and quality assurance. A project checklist, photolog, and daily logbook are required for all contract services associated with the project to properly document all restoration project activities including plant material handling and staging areas prior to planting. After warranty obligations are completed, routine maintenance will include mowing all restored grassland areas every three to five years to control recruitment of woody plants. Annual

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monitoring of restoration plantings within the riparian corridor is required to record establishment and density within each area. Documentation of plant failure due to vandalism, herbivory, or other causes is required for land managers to develop or modify management practices to protect remaining vegetation. Trees may require basal bark area protection from beaver and lawn mowing machinery. Regeneration or recruitment for off-site sources of invasive plants may require spot mechanical or chemical treatments.

B.8 Cost Estimate The total cost for construction of the restoration elements, as described herein, is estimated to be $88,000 in 2014 dollars. This amount includes a 30% contingency. See Table B-3 for quantities, unit costs, and reference information.

B.9 Performance Standards and Monitoring Parameters A monitoring plan provides critical information to enable project sponsors to determine what efforts may be needed to achieve specific habitat restoration goals, assess restoration success, and to document change over time. In general, monitoring approaches are to measure and record temporal and spatial changes in various structural characteristics and functional processes within a given habitat type over a prescribed time period. An effective monitoring program is necessary to assess the status and trends of ecological health and biota richness and abundance, the details of which are developed on a per-project basis. Therefore, monitoring efforts should be scaled on a per-project basis, depending upon the restoration activities undertaken, the size and extent of the affected areas, and species being targeted. The monitoring plan for this project includes performance-based monitoring for the planting and continued survivorship and establishment of each planned restoration community.

Monitoring Parameters Invasive Species. Since a key component to the habitat restoration plan is the management of IS, monitoring will include iterative mapping and counts of occurring IS on site. It is assumed that IS coverage at the end of the growing season - following the rounds of mechanical and chemical treatments – will be less than 15% across the treated area. The threshold of 15% is anticipated to come from re-sprouting of treated plants and the emergence of saplings

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(especially in the case of common buckthorn). Monitoring will begin shortly after the last chemical spot treatment and then in the summers of subsequent growing seasons. The long-term goal is eradication of invasive species from the site.

• Comparison of the planted communities lists to the then existing plant compositions within the restoration communities before treatment; and • Survivorship of planted species and recruitment of native species over time.

The monitoring frequency and duration will be determined by the City of Niagara Falls and USFWS.

B.10 Ownership and Need for Permits Griffon Park is owned by the City of Niagara Falls and, therefore, is a public parcel. Parcel information indicates a single ownership of the park. The work needed for obtaining permits will be completed by the City of Niagara Falls; however, a review of the restoration activities suggests that coordination should occur to determine the need for the following permits:

• Floodplain Management Permit 6 NYCRR Part 500 Floodplain Permit – All communities that participate in the National Flood Insurance Program have a local law or ordinance that regulates development within mapped floodplains. Any entity considering a construction/development activity within a floodplain should consult with their local floodplain manager. The flood zone mapping shows that the 100-year floodplain abuts the lower portion of the river bank along Griffon Park, therefore, project coordination should be conducted with the specific office within the City of Niagara Falls responsible for reviewing proposed projects in mapped floodplains to determine specific floodplain boundary and the need for a floodplain permit. Floodplain construction requirements are listed at http://www.dec.ny.gov/lands/40576.html. • NYS Protection of Waters Permit 6 NYCRR Part 608 Article 15 – Jurisdictional activities triggering this permit include: - Disturbance of the bed or banks of a protected stream or other watercourse, - Construction, reconstruction, or repair of dams and other impoundment structures, and

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- Excavation or placement of fill in navigable waters and their adjacent and contiguous wetlands. The wetland enhancement and recreational opportunity feature located within a small portion of the Little Niagara River is likely to trigger the need for review for this permit. This would typically require the submittal of a joint application to the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC). Similarly, a joint application to NYSDEC and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers would be submitted for a Clean Water Act Section 404/401 Water Quality Certification permit (presumably a Nationwide Permit [27] under the USACE jurisdiction). • SPDES General Permit for Stormwater Discharges from Construction Activity 6 NYCRR Part 750 Article 17 – Jurisdictional activities triggering this permit include construction activities involving soil disturbances of one or more acres. This permit requires the project sponsor to develop a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) and Notice of Intent and send them to NYSDEC, Bureau of Water Permits. Construction Contractor Responsibilities - The Contractor or Contractors responsible the construction of the project will also be responsible for identifying and obtaining permits, licenses, and registrations required to complete the work described herein and as may be required by the federal, state, and/or local governments. Such permits or registrations that may apply are related to the application of pesticides and potentially a Permit to Use a Pesticide for the Control of an Aquatic Pest in those areas directly adjacent to the Little Niagara River and the emergent marsh.

02:EN-003292-0001-01-B4005 B-9 R_Cayuga Creek Habitat Restoration Plan 031814.docx-03/18/14

B Griffon Park Habitat Restoration Plan

Table B-1 Griffon Park Restoration Plant List, Griffon Park, Niagara Falls, Niagara County, New York Habitat Restoration Areas Emergent Warm Season Riparian Riverbank Marsh Grassland/ Corridor Bioengineering/ Enhancement Meadow Enhancement Bank Softening 0.03 acre, 0.08 AC 0.22 AC 0.20 acres 1,300 SF 3,500 SF 9,600 SF 8,700 SF Species Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Form Size Tree Amelanchier Serviceberry 12 3 B&B 1.5” canadensis Celtis Hackberry 4 3 B&B 1.5” occidentalis Corylus cornuta Hazlenut 6 B&B 1.5” Lirodendron Tulip tree B&B 1.5” tulipifera Nyssa sylvatica Black gum 3 3 B&B 1.5” Prunus Pin cherry B&B 1.5” virginiana Quercus alba White oak B&B 1.5” Q.macrocarpa Burr oak 6 B&B 1.5” Taxodium Bald cypress 3 B&B 1.5” distichum Tilia americana American 6 3 B&B 1.5” basswood Total 6 34 12 Shrub C. alternifolia Pagoda 6 CR #5 dogwood C. rugosa Roundleaf 12 CR #5 dogwood C. amomum Silky 12 12 6 CR #5 dogwood Cephalanthus Buttonbush 24 DLS 3-foot occidentalis

02:EN-003292-0001-01-B4005 B-10 R_Cayuga Creek Habitat Restoration Plan 031814.docx-03/18/14

B Griffon Park Habitat Restoration Plan

Table B-1 Griffon Park Restoration Plant List, Griffon Park, Niagara Falls, Niagara County, New York Habitat Restoration Areas Emergent Warm Season Riparian Riverbank Marsh Grassland/ Corridor Bioengineering/ Enhancement Meadow Enhancement Bank Softening 0.03 acre, 0.08 AC 0.22 AC 0.20 acres 1,300 SF 3,500 SF 9,600 SF 8,700 SF Species Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Form Size Decodon Swamp 12 CR #5 verticillatus loosestrife Justicia American 10 CR #5 americana water willow Lindera benzoin Spicebush 12 CR #5 Rosa palustris Swamp rose 12 12 CR #5 R. virginiana Virginia 6 12 6 CR #5 rose Rubus Blackberry 12 12 CR #5 alleganiensis Sambucus Elderberry 12 CR #5 canadensis Total 52 6 78 24 Herbaceous Asclepsias Swamp 6 CG #1 incarnata milkweed Eupatorium Joe-pye 6 CG #1 maculatum weed Helianthus Jeruselem 12 24 CG #1 tuberosus artichoke Juncus effusus Softstem 12 CG #1 bullrush Liatris spicata 24 CG #1 Monarda Wild 12 24 12 CG #1 fistulosa bergamot Pontederia Pickerel 12 CG #1 cordata weed

02:EN-003292-0001-01-B4005 B-11 R_Cayuga Creek Habitat Restoration Plan 031814.docx-03/18/14

B Griffon Park Habitat Restoration Plan

Table B-1 Griffon Park Restoration Plant List, Griffon Park, Niagara Falls, Niagara County, New York Habitat Restoration Areas Emergent Warm Season Riparian Riverbank Marsh Grassland/ Corridor Bioengineering/ Enhancement Meadow Enhancement Bank Softening 0.03 acre, 0.08 AC 0.22 AC 0.20 acres 1,300 SF 3,500 SF 9,600 SF 8,700 SF Species Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Form Size Ratibida pinnata Prairie 12 24 12 CG #1 coneflower Schoenoplectus River 12 CG #1 fluviatilis bullrush Solidago rigida Stiff 12 12 12 CG #1 goldenrod Sparganium Eastern bur 12 CG #1 eurycarpum reed Veronia Ironweed 12 CG #1 noveboracensus Veronicastrum Culver’s CG #1 virginicum root Total 84 48 96 36 Key: CG - Container Grown, DLS - Dormant Live Stake, B&B - 1.5-inch balled and burlapped

02:EN-003292-0001-01-B4005 B-12 R_Cayuga Creek Habitat Restoration Plan 031814.docx-03/18/14

B Griffon Park Habitat Restoration Plan

Table B-2 Prescribed Seed Mixes for the Various Planned Restoration Communities in Griffon Park, Niagara Falls, Niagara County, New York Emergent Riparian Riverbank Marsh Warm Season Corridor Bioengineering/ Enhancement Grassland/ Enhancement Bank Softening Lbs. Cost 0.03 acre, Meadow 0.08 AC 0.22 AC 0.20 acres per per Seed Mix 1,300 SF 3,500 SF 9,600 SF 8,700 SF Acre Lb. Acres Lbs. Partially X 20 $45.41 0.22 5.0 Shaded Area Roadside Mix ERNMX 140 Northeastern X 20 45.84 0.20 4.0 U.S. Roadside Native Mix ERNMX-105 Showy X 20 50.88 0.30 2.0 Northeast Native Wildflower & Grass Mix ERNMX-153 OBL-FACW X 20 61.46 0.03 1.0 Perennial Food & Cover Wetland Mix ERNMX-120

02:EN-003292-0001-01-B4005 B-13 R_Cayuga Creek Habitat Restoration Plan 031814.docx-03/18/14

B Griffon Park Habitat Restoration Plan

Table B-3 Griffon Park Habitat Restoration Cost Estimate Summary, Cayuga Creek Habitat Restoration Plan Description of Construction Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Cost Comments Reference Costs ($) ($) Mobilization/Demobilization of 1 LS 12,000 12,000 Mob/demob costs for Engineer's Estimate equipment equipment. Staging Area Preparation 1 LS 5,000 5,000 Engineer's Estimate Access Road Preparation 1 Day 941 941 Includes two laborers and 2013 RSMeans Crew B-7A (Clearing trees) two chainsaws minus Equipment Operator and Rake Invasive Species Removal 1 LS 5,000 3,200 See Itemized Costs Seedbed Preparation and 1 LS 3,900 2,900 See Itemized Costs Seeding Areas Planting 1 LS 16,100 11,500 See Itemized Costs Restoration of Disturbed areas 1 LS 5,000 5,000 Includes access and Engineer's Estimate staging area restoration Shop Drawings 1 LS 5,000 5,000 Assume three overall Engineer's Estimate sheets with applicable feature's locations. Coordination 1 LS 5,000 5,000 Engineer's Estimate Project Management 1 LS 10,000 10,000 Assumes management Engineer's Estimate time for Contractors. Construction Subtotal Costs $68,000 25 % Contingencies $17,000 Total Construction Costs in 2013 Dollars $85,000

Total Construction Costs in 2014 Dollars $88,000

02:EN-003292-0001-01-B4005 B-14 R_Cayuga Creek Habitat Restoration Plan 031814.docx-03/18/14

B Griffon Park Habitat Restoration Plan

Table B-3 Griffon Park Habitat Restoration Cost Estimate Summary, Cayuga Creek Habitat Restoration Plan Assumptions: 1. The cost does not include legal or administrative costs. 2. Rough grading will be completed following the removal of invasive species material. 3. No temporary access road within the creek or to the creek from staging areas (clearing only). 4. Material staging area will be located near the site, within 300 feet from the creek. 5. Restoration of disturbed areas - allow $5,000 for restoration. 6. Excavated material will be used as backfill. 7. Pre-Design Survey completed by the local stakeholders. 8. Construction Survey will be completed by the Contractor. 9. Costs for modeling, design calculations, preparation of construction drawings, design report, etc. are not included in this cost estimate. 10. Silt Fencing will be added during preparation of staging areas. 11. 25 % Contingency is consistent with ER 1110-2-1302-Engineering and Design Civil Works Cost Engineering (1994) Appendix D Paragraph 7b, for Reconnaissance/Feasibility Estimates of < $10,000,000 Construction Cost. 12. All costs are in 2014 Dollars.

02:EN-003292-0001-01-B4005 B-15 R_Cayuga Creek Habitat Restoration Plan 031814.docx-03/18/14 LA SA L LE

JO L IE T LA S AL LE

BUFFALO CO U N CIL

City Of Niagara Falls Ny161.18-1-34.1

GRIFFON

CO U N CIL Date: 3/14/2014 HENNEPIN

CO U N CIL

3 D 93R

CHAMPLAIN

Park Boundary Parcel 1 inch = 131 feet 0 12.5 25 50 Meters 0 75 150 300 Feet Figure B-1 Cayuga Island/Griffon Park Site, Niagara Falls, Niagara County, New York Path:L:\Buffalo\Niagara_River_Habitat_Strategy\maps\MXD\IS\griffon park_B1.mxd Data Source : NYS Office of Cybersecurity 2011; Niagara County RPTS 2012 LA SA L LE

JO L IE T LA S AL LE

BUFFALO CO U N CIL

GRIFFON

CO U N CIL Date: 3/14/2014 HENNEPIN

CO U N CIL

3 D 93R

CHAMPLAIN

Emergent Wetland Enhancement (0.030 acres) Invasive Species Treatment Area (1.139 acres) 1 inch = 131 feet Soil Choked Rip Rap Planting (0.19 acres) 0 12.5 25 50 Meters Warm Season Grass Meadow (0.08 acres) 0 75 150 300 Feet Figure B-2. Planned Restoration Communities/Features for Cayuga Island/Griffon Park Site, Niagara Falls, Niagara County, New York Path:L:\Buffalo\Niagara_River_Habitat_Strategy\maps\MXD\IS\griffon park.mxd Data Source : NYS Office of Cybersecurity 2011; Niagara County RPTS 2012 02:EN-003292-0001-01TTO\FigureB-3.ai-2/25/14-GRA Typical Cross Section of Bank Softening at Selected Location in Griffon Park

Bank Softening Soil Choking, Seeding/Planting

Combined Native Species Live Stakes Seeding and Shrub Layer

Emergent Wetland Plantings

Mean Water Level

Existing Riprap

Dormant live staking/pole planting at toe of slope in existing riprap bank. Existing River Bottom Seeding and “Pocket” shrub planting in other areas along slope to top of bank.

Figure B-3 River Bank Bioengineering/Bank Softening Griffon Park, Niagara Falls, New York