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Section 4 County Profile Section 4: County Profile SECTION 4 COUNTY PROFILE This profile describes the general information of the county (physical setting, population and demographics, general building stock, and land use and population trends) as well as critical facilities located within Erie County. In Section 5 (Risk Assessment), specific profile information is presented and analyzed to develop an understanding of the study area, including the economic, structural, and population assets at risk and the particular concerns that may be present related to hazards analyzed (for example, a high percentage of vulnerable persons in an area). 4.1 GENERAL INFORMATION Erie County is located in Western New York and is bordered by Niagara County on the north, Wyoming and Genesee counties to the east, Cattaraugus and Chautauqua county to the south and Lake Erie to the west. The county’s area is 1,227 square miles. The County makes up part of the international border with Canada. Buffalo is the County seat. Erie County is home to 44 incorporated municipalities (25 towns, 16 villages and three cities). They are the Towns of Alden, Amherst, Aurora, Boston, Brant, Cheektowaga, Clarence, Colden, Collins, Concord, Eden, Elma, Evans, Grand Island, Hamburg, Holland, Lancaster, Marilla, Newstead, North Collins, Orchard Park, Sardinia, Tonawanda, Wales and West Seneca; Villages of Akron, Alden, Angola, Blasdell, Depew, East Aurora, Farnham, Gowanda, Hamburg, Kenmore, Lancaster, North Collins, Orchard Park, Sloan, Springville and Williamsville; and Cities of Buffalo, Lackawanna and Tonawanda. The county is named after the early native group the Erie Indians. During French and then English colonial rule, Erie County was occupied by Iroquoian speaking peoples who succeeded the Erie. White settlers began to arrive in the area after the American Revolutionary War. Native peoples had been forced to cede most of their lands. Erie County was incorporated in 1821. The county included only two towns; Willink and Clarence, which, over time were split to form the current 42 towns, villages and cities within Erie County. The county also portions of the Cattaraugus and Tonawanda Indian Reservations. I-90 runs through the county and spur highways connect to urban centers. Four US Routes and 14 New York State Routes traverse the county. (Britannica online, accessed December 2020). According to the U.S. Census, the 2010 population for Erie County was 919,040 The estimated 2019 population was 919,355, a nearly zero percent change from the 2010 Census. The total population of the county is projected to increase out to 2040 to 945,891 residents (Cornell University, 2017). Data from the 2019 U.S. Census American Community Survey indicate that 5.5 percent of the population is 5 years of age or younger and 17.6 percent is 65 years of age or older. Communities must deploy a support system that enables all populations to safely reach shelters or to quickly evacuate a hazard area. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Erie County is the seventh most populated county in New York State (U.S. 4.2 MAJOR PAST HAZARD EVENTS Presidential disaster declarations are typically issued for hazard events that cause more damage than state and local governments can handle without assistance from the federal government, although no specific dollar loss threshold has been established for these declarations. A presidential disaster declaration puts federal recovery programs into motion to help disaster victims, businesses, and public entities. Some of the programs are matched by state programs. Review of presidential disaster declarations helps establish the probability of reoccurrence Hazard Mitigation Plan – Erie County, New York 4-1 Month 2021 Section 4: County Profile for each hazard and identify targets for risk reduction. Table 4-1 shows FEMA disaster declarations that included Erie County through 2020 (records date back to 1954). Table 4-1. History of Hazard Events in Erie County, New York Disaster Date of Event Declaration Date Incident Type Title Number ICE STORM,SEVERE 494 1976-03-19T00:00:00.000Z 1976 Severe Ice Storm STORMS & FLOODING 3027 1977-01-29T00:00:00.000Z 1977 Snow SNOWSTORMS 527 1977-02-05T00:00:00.000Z 1977 Snow SNOWSTORMS 734 1985-03-22T00:00:00.000Z 1985 Snow SNOW MELT & ICE JAMS 3107 1993-03-13T00:00:00.000Z 1993 Snow SEVERE BLIZZARD SEVERE STORMS AND 1233 1998-06-25T00:00:00.000Z 1998 Severe Storm(s) FLOODING 3136 1999-01-01T13:38:00.000Z 1999 Snow SNOW SEVERE STORMS AND 1335 2000-05-03T00:00:00.000Z 2000 Severe Storm(s) FLOODING 3155 2000-05-22T00:00:00.000Z 2001 Other WEST NILE VIRUS 3157 2000-11-19T00:00:00.000Z 2001 Snow SNOW 1391 2001-09-11T09:00:00.000Z 2001 Fire FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS 3170 2001-12-24T00:00:00.000Z 2002 Snow SNOW 1404 2001-12-24T00:00:00.000Z 2002 Snow SEVERE WINTER STORM 3186 2003-08-14T16:10:56.000Z 2003 Other POWER OUTAGE SEVERE STORMS AND 1534 2004-05-13T00:00:00.000Z 2004 Severe Storm(s) FLOODING HURRICANE KATRINA 3262 2005-08-29T00:00:00.000Z 2005 Hurricane EVACUATION LAKE EFFECT 3268 2006-10-12T16:00:00.000Z 2007 Snow SNOWSTORM SEVERE STORMS AND 1665 2006-10-12T18:00:00.000Z 2007 Severe Storm(s) FLOODING SEVERE STORMS AND 1857 2009-08-08T00:20:00.000Z 2009 Severe Storm(s) FLOODING 3351 2012-10-27T00:00:00.000Z 2013 Hurricane HURRICANE SANDY SEVERE WINTER STORM, 4204 2014-11-17T12:00:00.000Z 2015 Snow SNOWSTORM, AND FLOODING SEVERE STORMS, 4472 2019-10-31T15:30:00.000Z 2020 Severe Storm(s) STRAIGHT-LINE WINDS, AND FLOODING January 20, 2020 and January 20, 2020 COVID-19 New York COVID-19 4480 continuing and continuing Pandemic Pandemic Source: FEMA 2021 Hazard Mitigation Plan – Erie County, New York 4-2 Month 2021 Section 4: County Profile 4.3 PHYSICAL SETTING This section presents topography and geology, hydrology and hydrography, and climate information for Erie County. 4.3.1 Topography and Geology Erie County’s northern half is relatively flat and rises gently up from Lake Erie. The Southtowns are much hillier, containing the northernmost foothills of the Appalachian Mountains. The county’s highest point is at 1,940 feet above sea level in the Town of Sardinia. is located in two physiographic regions: the Allegany Plateau, characterized by the upland, sloping topography to the south and the Erie-Ontario Lowlands of lake plain to the north. Glaciers have covered this area several times leaving deposits of glacial till as they receded. (FEMA, Town of Orchard Park, 1982). Surface soils within the County are nonsorted rock materials; imbedded sand and gravel, as well as imbedded clay, silt and fine sand. They reflect the texture of the glacial till, outwash and lake deposits from which they come. Generally, soils are shallow and fairly well-drained (FEMA, Village of Depew, 1981). Soils for a thin mantle over the bedrock, which is generally found at depths greater than five feet. Heavy wooded areas can be found along steep hillsides and farming occurs on the gently rolling hilltop areas and n the broad valleys. Many farms are now overgrown, as a once agricultural area has rapidly become urbanized (FEMA, Town of West Seneca, 1992). 4.3.2 Hydrography and Hydrology The county is bordered by large watercourses – the Cattaraugus and Tonawanda Creeks, the Erie Canal and the Niagara River. Large creeks that flow through the county include Ellicott, Cayuga, Buffalo, and Eighteenmile Creeks. The County contains Evangola, Beaver Island, and Buckhorn Island state parks. Flooding can occur in Erie County during any season of the year, but it most likely occurs in the late winter – early spring months when melting snow may combine with intense rainfall to produce increased runoff. Ice jams and debris have often increased flood heights by impeding water flow at bridges and culverts. Floods can result from collusion over the watershed of a large mass of warm moisture-laden air from the north; from sharp rises in temperature in the spring that melt the snow cover of the basin and are followed by rains; and from localized thunderstorms Drainage Basins and Watersheds A watershed is the area of land that drains into a body of water, such as a river, lake, stream, or bay. It is separated from other systems by high points in the area, such as hills or slopes. It includes not only the waterway itself but also the entire land area that drains to it. For example, the watershed of a lake would include not only the streams entering the lake but also the land area that drains into those streams and eventually the lake. Drainage basins generally refer to large watersheds that encompass the watersheds of many smaller rivers and streams. Erie County is part of three drainage basins: the Niagara River basin, the Buffalo-Eighteenmile Creek basin and the Niagara River Basin and the Cattaraugus Creek basin. Hazard Mitigation Plan – Erie County, New York 4-3 Month 2021 Section 4: County Profile Figure 4-1. Watersheds Located Within Erie County Hazard Mitigation Plan – Erie County, New York 4-4 Month 2021 Section 4: County Profile 4.3.3 Climate The climate of New York State is very similar to most of the Northeast U.S. and is classified as Humid Continental. Differences in latitude, character of topography, and proximity to large bodies of water all have an effect on the climate across New York State. Precipitation during the warm, growing season (April through September) is characterized by convective storms that generally form in advance of an eastward-moving cold front or during periods of local atmospheric instability. Occasionally, tropical cyclones will move up from southern coastal areas and produce large quantities of rain.
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