Leader Highlights Quds Force's Role in Strengthening Iran Foreign Policy
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Mah Tir, Mah Bahman & Asfandarmad 1 Mah Asfandarmad 1369
Mah Tir, Mah Bahman & Asfandarmad 1 Mah Asfandarmad 1369, Fravardin & l FEZAN A IN S I D E T HJ S I S S U E Federation of Zoroastrian • Summer 2000, Tabestal1 1369 YZ • Associations of North America http://www.fezana.org PRESIDENT: Framroze K. Patel 3 Editorial - Pallan R. Ichaporia 9 South Circle, Woodbridge, NJ 07095 (732) 634-8585, (732) 636-5957 (F) 4 From the President - Framroze K. Patel president@ fezana. org 5 FEZANA Update 6 On the North American Scene FEZ ANA 10 Coming Events (World Congress 2000) Jr ([]) UJIR<J~ AIL '14 Interfaith PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF ZOROASTRIAN ASSOCIATIONS OF '15 Around the World NORTH AMERICA 20 A Millennium Gift - Four New Agiaries in Mumbai CHAIRPERSON: Khorshed Jungalwala Rohinton M. Rivetna 53 Firecut Lane, Sudbury, MA 01776 Cover Story: (978) 443-6858, (978) 440-8370 (F) 22 kayj@ ziplink.net Honoring our Past: History of Iran, from Legendary Times EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Roshan Rivetna 5750 S. Jackson St. Hinsdale, IL 60521 through the Sasanian Empire (630) 325-5383, (630) 734-1579 (F) Guest Editor Pallan R. Ichaporia ri vetna@ lucent. com 23 A Place in World History MILESTONES/ ANNOUNCEMENTS Roshan Rivetna with Pallan R. Ichaporia Mahrukh Motafram 33 Legendary History of the Peshdadians - Pallan R. Ichaporia 2390 Chanticleer, Brookfield, WI 53045 (414) 821-5296, [email protected] 35 Jamshid, History or Myth? - Pen1in J. Mist1y EDITORS 37 The Kayanian Dynasty - Pallan R. Ichaporia Adel Engineer, Dolly Malva, Jamshed Udvadia 40 The Persian Empire of the Achaemenians Pallan R. Ichaporia YOUTHFULLY SPEAKING: Nenshad Bardoliwalla 47 The Parthian Empire - Rashna P. -
Japan-Iran Relations Japan-Iran Relations June 2009
1. Japan-Iran Relations Japan-Iran Relations June 2009 (1) Japan-Iran Political Relations • Japan highly values its relations with the Islamic Republic of Iran in view of a stable supply of crude oil and ensure stability in the Middle East. • Based on friendly relations, Japan has conveyed Iran of its stance, as well as the international community’s stern view, on the nuclear issue. • Last year, Japan continued to maintain a close exchange of views with Iran through mutual visits, including the Regular Japan-Iran Vice-Ministerial Consultations in May in Teheran and in December in Tokyo; a visit to Japan in February by Dr. Mohammad-Javad ARDASHIR=LARIJANI, Secretary General of National Supreme Council of Human Rights of the Judiciary; a visit to Iran in June by Senior Vice-Minister for Foreign Affairs Itsunori Onodera; a visit to Japan in October by H.E. Dr. Mohammad Baqer Ghalibaf, Mayor of Tehran; a visit to Iran in November by Mr. Taro Nakayama, chairman of the Japan-Iran Parliamentarians Friendship League; and a visit to Japan in November by Vice President Esfandyar Rahim MASHAEE. This year, Minister for Foreign Affairs Hirofumi Nakasone held a telephone conference in January with Iranian Minister of Foreign Affairs Manouchehr Mottaki (on the situation in Gaza). Mr. Samareh Hashemi, Senior Advisor to the President of Iran, visited Japan as a special presidential envoy, and met with Prime Minister Taro Aso, Chief Cabinet Secretary Takeo Kawamura, and Foreign Minister Nakasone. In April, Foreign Minister Mottaki visited Japan to attend the Pakistan Donors Conference and met with Prime Minister Aso and Foreign Minister Nakasone. -
SEM 62 Annual Meeting
SEM 62nd Annual Meeting Denver, Colorado October 26 – 29, 2017 Hosted by University of Denver University of Colorado Boulder and Colorado College SEM 2017 Annual Meeting Table of Contents Sponsors .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Committees, Board, Staff, and Council ................................................................................................................................................... 2 – 3 Welcome Messages ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Exhibitors and Advertisers ............................................................................................................................................................................... 5 General Information ................................................................................................................................................................................. 5 – 7 Charles Seeger Lecture...................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Schedule at a Glance. ........................................................................................................................................................................................ -
Blood-Soaked Secrets Why Iran’S 1988 Prison Massacres Are Ongoing Crimes Against Humanity
BLOOD-SOAKED SECRETS WHY IRAN’S 1988 PRISON MASSACRES ARE ONGOING CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. © Amnesty International 2017 Cover photo: Collage of some of the victims of the mass prisoner killings of 1988 in Iran. Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a Creative Commons © Amnesty International (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.org Where material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence. First published in 2017 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW, UK Index: MDE 13/9421/2018 Original language: English amnesty.org CONTENTS GLOSSARY 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8 METHODOLOGY 18 2.1 FRAMEWORK AND SCOPE 18 2.2 RESEARCH METHODS 18 2.2.1 TESTIMONIES 20 2.2.2 DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE 22 2.2.3 AUDIOVISUAL EVIDENCE 23 2.2.4 COMMUNICATION WITH IRANIAN AUTHORITIES 24 2.3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 25 BACKGROUND 26 3.1 PRE-REVOLUTION REPRESSION 26 3.2 POST-REVOLUTION REPRESSION 27 3.3 IRAN-IRAQ WAR 33 3.4 POLITICAL OPPOSITION GROUPS 33 3.4.1 PEOPLE’S MOJAHEDIN ORGANIZATION OF IRAN 33 3.4.2 FADAIYAN 34 3.4.3 TUDEH PARTY 35 3.4.4 KURDISH DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF IRAN 35 3.4.5 KOMALA 35 3.4.6 OTHER GROUPS 36 4. -
Saudi Arabia.Pdf
A saudi man with his horse Performance of Al Ardha, the Saudi national dance in Riyadh Flickr / Charles Roffey Flickr / Abraham Puthoor SAUDI ARABIA Dec. 2019 Table of Contents Chapter 1 | Geography . 6 Introduction . 6 Geographical Divisions . 7 Asir, the Southern Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �7 Rub al-Khali and the Southern Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �8 Hejaz, the Western Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �8 Nejd, the Central Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 The Eastern Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 Topographical Divisions . .. 9 Deserts and Mountains � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 Climate . .. 10 Bodies of Water . 11 Red Sea � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11 Persian Gulf � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11 Wadis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11 Major Cities . 12 Riyadh � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �12 Jeddah � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �13 Mecca � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � -
Iran's Nuclear Ambitions From
IDENTITY AND LEGITIMACY: IRAN’S NUCLEAR AMBITIONS FROM NON- TRADITIONAL PERSPECTIVES Pupak Mohebali Doctor of Philosophy University of York Politics June 2017 Abstract This thesis examines the impact of Iranian elites’ conceptions of national identity on decisions affecting Iran's nuclear programme and the P5+1 nuclear negotiations. “Why has the development of an indigenous nuclear fuel cycle been portrayed as a unifying symbol of national identity in Iran, especially since 2002 following the revelation of clandestine nuclear activities”? This is the key research question that explores the Iranian political elites’ perspectives on nuclear policy actions. My main empirical data is elite interviews. Another valuable source of empirical data is a discourse analysis of Iranian leaders’ statements on various aspects of the nuclear programme. The major focus of the thesis is how the discourses of Iranian national identity have been influential in nuclear decision-making among the national elites. In this thesis, I examine Iranian national identity components, including Persian nationalism, Shia Islamic identity, Islamic Revolutionary ideology, and modernity and technological advancement. Traditional rationalist IR approaches, such as realism fail to explain how effective national identity is in the context of foreign policy decision-making. I thus discuss the connection between national identity, prestige and bargaining leverage using a social constructivist approach. According to constructivism, states’ cultures and identities are not established realities, but the outcomes of historical and social processes. The Iranian nuclear programme has a symbolic nature that mingles with socially constructed values. There is the need to look at Iran’s nuclear intentions not necessarily through the lens of a nuclear weapons programme, but rather through the regime’s overall nuclear aspirations. -
Us Military Assistance to Saudi Arabia, 1942-1964
DANCE OF SWORDS: U.S. MILITARY ASSISTANCE TO SAUDI ARABIA, 1942-1964 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Bruce R. Nardulli, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2002 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Allan R. Millett, Adviser Professor Peter L. Hahn _______________________ Adviser Professor David Stebenne History Graduate Program UMI Number: 3081949 ________________________________________________________ UMI Microform 3081949 Copyright 2003 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ____________________________________________________________ ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road PO Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 ABSTRACT The United States and Saudi Arabia have a long and complex history of security relations. These relations evolved under conditions in which both countries understood and valued the need for cooperation, but also were aware of its limits and the dangers of too close a partnership. U.S. security dealings with Saudi Arabia are an extreme, perhaps unique, case of how security ties unfolded under conditions in which sensitivities to those ties were always a central —oftentimes dominating—consideration. This was especially true in the most delicate area of military assistance. Distinct patterns of behavior by the two countries emerged as a result, patterns that continue to this day. This dissertation examines the first twenty years of the U.S.-Saudi military assistance relationship. It seeks to identify the principal factors responsible for how and why the military assistance process evolved as it did, focusing on the objectives and constraints of both U.S. -
Parsi-Times.Com Vol
Complimentary Copy Not For Sale RNI NO. MAHBIL06369/13/1/2011-TC :: WWW.PARSI-TIMES.COM VOL. 1 - ISSUE 26 :: PAGES 24 :: ` 2 SATURDAY, OCTOBER 22, 2011 Parsi Times shares with you an enlightened week gone by and bright future prospects. Inside >>> All the way from Iran Pg. 9 P.T. Relevance Pg. 10 Master Chef Bawa Pg. 12 Diwali safety Pg. 13 ZĞŐĚ͘KĸĐĞ͗s͘d͘DĂŶƐŝŽŶ͕ϭϰϰ͕WĞƌŝŶEĂƌŝŵĂŶ^ƚƌĞĞƚ͕&Žƌƚ͕DƵŵďĂŝϰϬϬϬϬϭ͘ dĞů͗͘ϮϮϲϵϵϯϵϵ͕ϮϮϲϱϳϱϵϵͻ&Ădž͗ϮϮϲϵϭϰϵϮ ͲŵĂŝů͗njŵďŚŝůůĂΛŐŵĂŝů͘ĐŽŵͻtĞďƐŝƚĞ͗ǁǁǁ͘ŚŝůůĂďƵŝůĚĞƌƐ͘ĐŽŵ ƌĂŶĐŚKĸĐĞ͗,ŝůůĂdŽǁĞƌƐ͕D͘:͘tĂĚŝĂ&ŝƌĞdĞŵƉůĞŽŵƉůĞdž͕ƌ͘^͘^͘ZĂŽZŽĂĚ͕>ĂůďĂƵŐ͕ WĂƌĞů͕DƵŵďĂŝϰϬϬϬϭϮ͘dĞů͘EŽ͘Ϯϰϳϭϱϰϴϭ SATURDAY, OCTOBER 22, 2011 02 Editorial FROM THE EDITOR’S DESK Dear Readers, Diwali is coming! For all you enthusiastic fatakra busting youngsters… Parsi Times has a list of places where you can get some good quality crackers and lessen the damage to the environment. If you are going to burst crackers, it might be worth your while to go knocking on your colony doors and give the older aunties and uncles some bribe worthy mithai and cotton balls! If you are not, you can always enjoy the season SDLQWLQJGL\DVPDNLQJVZHHWVDQGVKDULQJVWRULHVLQWKHOLJKWRIWKHÁDPH%HWWHU\HWVSHQGWKHGD\UHÁHFWLQJRQKRZ*RRGRYHUFRPHV(YLO in the larger scheme of things, the essence of the festival and the belief within our religion. 7KHSDVWZHHNKDVEURXJKWLQVRPHORYHO\JXHVWVDWWKH3DUVL7LPHVRIÀFH2QHRIWKHPZDVD'DVWXUMLIURP,UDQ+LVVZHHWZRUGVDUHVKDUHG in our pages. I must thank a lovely lady Mrs. Meher Sutaria, for taking the time out to write to us. She writes about her 11 year old granddaughter reading the Parsi Times. Knowing that we at Parsi Times can engage the hearts and the keen interest of young promising community members like Mrs. Sutaria’s granddaughter, is the best gift this Diwali could bring. -
My Mazdayasni Zarathushtri Religion
My Mazdayasni Zarathushtri Religion Friends, This essay was written by a 15 years old student as a class assignment. The teacher had asked all her students to write about their individual religion. Full credit goes to the parents of the child who right from such an impressionable age inculculate faith and teach them to be faithful towards its own religion in which one is born. You may photocopy this essay and circulate it among all Zarathushtris. Firdosh K Sukhia My MAZDAYASNI ZARATHUSHTRI RELIGION By Farishte Parekh My Mazdayasni Zarathushtri religion was established thousands of years ago, may be over 15,000 years in recent history. From time immemorial certain highly evolved souls took incarnation on this planet earth. They were known as ‘MAGHAVS’ who laid down divine laws which were attributable to God and proclaimed them as ‘MAZDAYASNI DAEN’. The creator of the universe was termed: ‘MAZDA’. ‘YASNA’ means: Attuned to. And ‘DAEN’ is the word for Divine Laws (Religion). Thus the full connotation of the word ‘MAZDAYASNI’ is: Attuned to the Creator (Mazda). On studying the ancient history of Persia we learn that Maghavs were in existence even before the lost continent of Atlantis. Two of the three islands in which the continent of Atlantis was fragmented due to the shifting of earth’s north- south poles were called ‘ARYANA’ and ‘POSEIDION’. The Aryan and Poseidon civilizations were very advanced. Maghavs who inhabited these islands have preserved the occult knowledge of the Mazdayasni Daen for posterity which is, of course, esoteric. King Jamsheed, Shah Fareidoon of the PESHDADIAN dynasty; the immortal Kai Khshroo, Kai Lohrasp, Kai Vishtasp, Kai Kobad, Kai Kaus and all monarchs of the KAYANIAN dynasty belonged to the Maghav groups. -
Iran 2019 Human Rights Report
IRAN 2019 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Islamic Republic of Iran is an authoritarian theocratic republic with a Shia Islamic political system based on velayat-e faqih (guardianship of the jurist). Shia clergy, most notably the rahbar (supreme leader), and political leaders vetted by the clergy dominate key power structures. The supreme leader is the head of state. The members of the Assembly of Experts are nominally directly elected in popular elections. The assembly selects and may dismiss the supreme leader. The candidates for the Assembly of Experts, however, are vetted by the Guardian Council (see below) and are therefore selected indirectly by the supreme leader himself. Ayatollah Ali Khamenei has held the position since 1989. He has direct or indirect control over the legislative and executive branches of government through unelected councils under his authority. The supreme leader holds constitutional authority over the judiciary, government-run media, and other key institutions. While mechanisms for popular election exist for the president, who is head of government, and for the Islamic Consultative Assembly (parliament or majles), the unelected Guardian Council vets candidates, routinely disqualifying them based on political or other considerations, and controls the election process. The supreme leader appoints half of the 12-member Guardian Council, while the head of the judiciary (who is appointed by the supreme leader) appoints the other half. Parliamentary elections held in 2016 and presidential elections held in 2017 were not considered free and fair. The supreme leader holds ultimate authority over all security agencies. Several agencies share responsibility for law enforcement and maintaining order, including the Ministry of Intelligence and Security and law enforcement forces under the Interior Ministry, which report to the president, and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), which reports directly to the supreme leader. -
Sports City Stadium on Frenchman
FFOOTBALLOOTBALL | Page 3 AATHLETICSTHLETICS | Page 7 Arteta hails Coleman’s young guns as ban cut but he Arsenal reach will still miss semis Olympics Saturday, April 17, 2021 CRICKET Ramadan 5, 1442 AH Pakistan seal series GULF TIMES with nervy victory over South Africa SPORT Page 4 AFC CHAMPIONS LEAGUE Al Sadd face Al Nassr today in search of fi rst victory ‘We played against them twice so we know. The target doesn’t change, we are still aiming for all three points’ AFC Riyadh Duhail’s Lamouchi satisfi ed with opening win AFC t will be a battle of familiar Jeddah opponents when Al Sadd face Saudi Arabia’s Al Nassr in Group D of the 2021 AFC ead coach Sabri Lam- IChampions League today. ouchi said it was hugely The two faced at the same Himportant for Al Duhail to stage last year, with the matches open their 2021 AFC Champions ending 1-1 and 2-2, as both ad- League Group C campaign with vanced to the Round of 16. a win. That, however, is not the case Goals from Michael Olunga this year with only the group and Edmilson Junior steered winners confi rmed of going the Qataris to a perfect start through, with the three best sec- against Iraq’s Al Shorta at King ond-placed teams from the fi ve Abdullah Sports City Stadium on Frenchman. “We tried to hold on our usual,” said Ilic. “We tried to West groups also advancing. Thursday, with Lamouchi’s only for the win in the second period create something diff erent in Al Nassr were denied an open- regret being the margin of vic- with the least possible eff ort and the second period but we failed ing day win by tournament deb- tory which he felt should have we managed to do so.” to score.” utants Al Wehdat on Wednesday, been higher. -
DRAW MECHANISM Preliminary Stage, Playoff Stage, Group Stage and Round of 16
2018 DRAW MECHANISM Preliminary Stage, Playoff Stage, Group Stage and Round of 16 Page 1 of 13 Draw Mechanism: Preliminary Stage and Playoff Stage 1. Entries WEST - Slot Allocation MA Ranking Preliminary Stage / Member Association Group Stage 30 Nov 2016 Playoff Stage 1 United Arab Emirates 3 1 2 Saudi Arabia 3 1 3 Islamic Republic of Iran 2 2 4 Qatar 2 2 5 Uzbekistan 1 2 6 Iraq 1 1 7 Kuwait 1 8 Syria 1 9 Jordan 1 10 India 1 11 Bahrain 1 12 Lebanon 1 WEST - Club Entries MA Ranking Clubs in Preliminary / Playoff Stage United Arab Emirates 1 AL AIN (UAE) * Saudi Arabia 2 (Not eligible – failed in being granted Club License) Islamic Republic of Iran 3 ZOBAHAN FC (IRN) Qatar 4.1 AL GHARAFA SC (QAT) * 5.1 UZBEKISTAN 2ND CLUB Uzbekistan 5.2 UZBEKISTAN 3rd CLUB Iraq 6 (Not eligible – failed in being granted Club License) Kuwait 7 (Suspension by FIFA) Syria 8 (Not eligible – failed in being granted Club License) Jordan 9 AL FAISALY (JOR) India 10 AIZAWL FC (IND) Bahrain 11 MALKIYA CLUB (BHR) Lebanon 12 (Not eligible – failed in being granted Club License) * AL AIN (UAE) & AL GHARAFA SC (QAT) entered into AFC Champions League 2018 Preliminary / Playoff Stage based on article 12.5 of the Entry Manual. Page 2 of 13 EAST - Slot Allocation MA Ranking Preliminary Stage / Member Association Group Stage 30 Nov 2016 Playoff Stage 1 Korea Republic 3 1 2 Japan 3 1 3 China PR 2 2 4 Australia 2 1 5 Thailand 1 2 6 Hong Kong 1 1 7 Vietnam 1 8 Malaysia 1 9 Indonesia 1 10 Myanmar 1 11 Philippines 1 12 Singapore 1 EAST - Club Entries MA Ranking Clubs in Preliminary