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Coleoptera: Elateridae) Great Basin Naturalist Volume 56 Number 4 Article 4 11-21-1996 Studies on Nearctic Negastrius (Coleoptera: Elateridae) Samuel A. Wells Biosys Inc., Columbia, Maryland Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn Recommended Citation Wells, Samuel A. (1996) "Studies on Nearctic Negastrius (Coleoptera: Elateridae)," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 56 : No. 4 , Article 4. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol56/iss4/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Great Basin Naturalist 56(4), e 1996. pp. 308-318 STUDIES ON NEARCTIC NEGASTRlUS (COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE) Samuel A. Wellsl A1IS1.1~Acr.-New species descriptions of Negastrius ropicola from California, Oregon, Washington, and British Culumbia; N. stibicki from California, Montana, and British Columbia; N. solor from Arirona and New Mexico; and N. atrosus from Ontario and Quebec are given. Negastrius colon is returned to species status, and a neotype is designated for N. choris. Fwutiaw:.ellus ext;U;aW$ is a new combination. A key is provided to Nearctic species ofNegastrius. Key words: Negastrius, E~ridae, holotype, pamtype., ,.wotype. HISTORY ments equivalent in length. Later, Kisbii (1976) erected MicrohypntLS, to which Stibick (1991) NegastritlS was established in the family assigned the single North American species of Elateridae by Thomson (1859) to distinguish M. striatulus (LeConte). those species of Cryptohypnus Eschscholtz having arcuate prosternal sutures from species DISCUSSION OF CHARACTERS with straight or double sutures. Candeze (1860) did not use Thomson's assignments and placed With the exception of the Cardiophorinae, all Negastrius species in CryptohlJPfWS. Homs the subfamily Negastriinae is distinguished (1891) monograph of the species ofCryptohyp­ from other subfamilies of Elateridae by having nm ofBoreal America rejected the name Negas­ the meso- and metasterna adjacent and sepa­ trim and included all North American forms rating the mesocoxal cavity from the mese­ into 9 groups within the genus Cryptohypnus. pimeron and mesepisternum. The Negastri­ Horn's chom group included N. delumbis inae is distinguished from the Cardiophorinae (Horn), N. charis (Say), N. exiguus (Randall), by possession of a pointed prosternal process, and N. omatm (LeConte), which were equiva­ which is shortened and truncated in the Car­ lent to Thomson's Negastrius. Schwarz (1906) diophorinae. Within the Negastriinae, Negas­ included Negastrius and C,.yptoh'.lpnm with trim is apparently most closely related to the the genus Hypnoidus Stephens in the tribe genus Microhypnm, both genera having a Hypnoidini. Leng (1920) also placed all species, strigate and/or rugose pronotum. Following except N. exigutLS, in the genus Cryptohypnm. Stibick's (1971) presumed natural affinities, the Using mesosternaI characters, Nakane and sister group of Negastrim could be any of the Kishii (1956) made the distinction between the North American genera, except Paradonus, subfamilies Negastriinae and Hypolithinae which is more closely related to the Old World (which they synonymized under the Cteniceri­ species of Thumna Stibick and QptitaryltUS nae). Arnett (1963) recognized only the genera Stibick, both of which are without externally Negastrius and Oedostethm LeConte in the visible elytral striae. Zorochrus is distinguished Negastriinae from North America. Stibick (1971) from Negastrim by the double proslemal sutures recognized or established Neohypdonm Stibick, andlor by the arcuately extended pronotum Migiwa Kishii, Oedostethm, Fleutiauxellus that projects over the head. In addition, the Mequignon, Negastrius, Zorochrus Thomson, pronotum in Zorochrus is more coarsely granu­ and Paradonm Stibick from North America. late on the anterior half. Fl.eutiauxeUm differs He restricted Negastrim to those species with from the other genera of Negastriinae by hav­ coarse pronota, single prostemal sutures, and ing the 3rd antennal segment nearly twice as species with the 2nd and 3rd antennal seg- long as the 2nd. The genus Neohypdorws is (llitJlyf Inc.., 10150 Ok! Ccl.\1mhla Ro«l Columbia, MD 21040-171).4. 308 1996] STUDIES ON NEARCTIC NEGASTRIUS 309 separated from Negastrius by a smooth to of pale cuticular color patterns on the elytra. slightly punctate pronotum that is often shiny These color patterns include yellow or black (Wells 1991). Oedostethus is distinguished from maculae on the humeral angles of the elytra. Negastrius by having a flange on the tarsal Pale subapical maculae are also present on claws. some specimens of N. colon, N. atrosus, and N. Homs (1891) key to Negastrius (sensu stricto) ornatus. used leg and antennal coloration, pronotal cari­ Head rugose to granulose; frontal carina nae, and lateral and dorsal profiles ofindividu­ transverse, evenly arcuate and margined be­ als to separate tbe 4 North American species tween eyes, divided into 2 carinae immediately known to him (N. choris, N. de/umbis, N. exi­ anterior to eyes; antennae short, never reach­ guus, and N. omatus). The strongly arcbed pro­ ing posterior margin of pronotum; antennal file and the short submarginal pronotal carinae segments 1-3 cylindrical, scape subequal in ofN. delumbis are characters useful only in dis­ length to segments 2 and 3 combined, remain­ tinguishing that species. Horn's other charac­ ing segments slightly serrate; decumbent setae ters are too variable to be useful in distinguish­ of antennae pale yellow to white, segments ing species. The most valuable characters in 3-11 each with 4-8 evenly distributed erect comparing species and species groups include setae in addition to normal decumbent setae. the shape of the scutellum and the relief of the Pronotum rugose to granulose with carina anterior portion of the interstriae. These char­ of hind angle 0.2-0.8 limes length of prono­ acters readily distinguish all North American tum; pronotum with smooth median line from species except N solox, N ornatus, and N colon. anterior margin to or near posterior margin, These species are separated by the substrigose slightly convex to ridged; prosternal lohe ex­ ridges on the prosternum and hy the curvature tending over mouthparts; prosternal sutures ofthe posterior margin ofthe prosternum. single and slightly arcuate; prosternum more Both male and female genital characters heavily and closely punctate than propleura; have been used by Stibick (1991) to separate tarsi with each tarsomere progressively smaller species. Slight differences do exist in the than previous segment, except segment 5 length and position of the setae on the para­ which is subequal in length to segment 1, meres and in the thickness of the base of the claws simple; scutellum punctate, gradually aedeagus; however, these differences are as widening anteriorly. pronounced intraspecifically as they are inter­ Elytra elliptically narrowed posteriorly; pos­ specifically. On average, over 20 terminalia terior margin of abdominal sternite 4 with an (per sex) were dissected per species in this even row ofwhite to gold erect setae extending study, except N. solox for which only 2 speci­ over anterior margin of abdominal sternite 5, mens were available. None of the species con~ setae more closely aligned and erect than other tained consistent pattems that would be oftax­ sternal setae. onomic lise, except N. nadezhdae, which has a Male genitalia with median lobe pointed slightly angled tip ofthe aedeagus (Fig. 11). and narrowed, gradually widening hasally, 1.3 times longer than lateral lobes; lateral lobes CLASSIFICATION straight on inner side, convex on outer apical Negastrius Thomson third with 2 subapical setae. Female with hursa Negast1'ius Thomson, 1859:106. Type-species: Elater pul­ copulatrix membranous containing 1 anterior chellus Linnaeus, 1758, original designation. and 1 posterior lobe. BIOLOGy.-North American species of DIAGNOSIs.-The genus Negastrius in ~orth Negastrius have been reported only in associa­ America is distinguished from other Negastri­ lion with riparian habitats. Negastrius delurnbis inae by the curved and simple prosternal is the only species associated with coastal waters. sutures; by the rugose or granulose pronotum; It lives along the Atlantic seaboard north of and by a row of parallel setae extending from Chesapeake Bay and south of Newfoundland. the posterior margin ofthe 4th abdominal ster­ Most other species inhabit the sandy/rocky nite onto abdominal sternite 5. margin of streams and rivers. Adults are gener­ DESCRIPTION.-Length 1.8--5.7 mm, width/ ally collected during the spring (except for length ratio 0.3-0.4; color golden brown to some early records ofN. ornatus) through early black and normally with various arrangements summer. 310 GREAT BASIN NATURALIST [Volume 56 Key to the Species of Prouotum obscurely strigose. ridges short; ante­ North American Negastrius rior margin of scutellum strongly emarginate (Fig. 9); 16-27 setae on outer angle ofmetatihia; 1. Bases of elytral interstriae 2-5 strongly raised, length 2.8-5.7 mm; western United States east forming a 9O-degree angle in profile (Fig. 2); to Colorado (Fig. 12) colon (Horn) scutellum more strongly convex, anterior mar- 8(5). Pronotum with 2 shiny usually impunctate areas gin always emarginate (see Fig. 6) .......... .. 2 near
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