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O Rigin Al a Rticle International Journal of Botany and Research (IJBR) ISSN(P): 2277-4815; ISSN (E): 2319-4456 Vol. 7, Issue 3, Jun 2017, 1-10 © TJPRC Pvt. Ltd. SOME ECO-FRIENDLY BIOPESTICIDES FROM NAGPUR DISTRICT MESHRAM REENA, ANASANE PRADNYA & CHATURVEDI ALKA Post Graduate Teaching Department of Botany, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India ABSTACT Our country is endowed with rich diversity of species of Asteraceae family; a number of species are known to have pesticide properties, which can be proved to be pest specific. The present paper is the survey of such plants having pesticide properties and can be used for further studies. KEYWORDS: Biopesticide, Asteraceae Family & Nagpur Received : Mar 27, 2017; Accepted : Apr 18, 2017; Published : May 06, 2017; Paper Id .: IJBRJUN20171 INTRODUCTION Nagpur district is endowed with a variety of flora, which can be considered as the store house of plant Original Article Article Original protection chemicals like flavonoids, alkaloids, essential oil etc. Nowadays, there is a renewed interest in botanicals because of the adverse effects of chemical pesticides. Still, recently only the plants with toxic chemicals were considered as suitable for plant protection. The discovery of antifeedant, insect growth regulators and other behavior modifying chemicals in plants against insect pest, fit into the concept of insect pest management assume importance (F. Brisca, 2009). However, synthetic insecticides have serious drawbacks such as pest resurgence and resistance, lethal effects on non-target organisms, the risk of users, contamination, food residues and environmental pollution (Tapondjou et al ., 2002). Biological control is the use of one or more types of beneficial organisms, usually called natural enemies, to reduce the numbers of another type of organism, the pest (Susan E. Rice Mahr et al ., 2001). In addition, the precautions necessary to work with traditional chemical insecticides (Fields et al ., 2001) and the poor storage facilities of a traditional farmers in developing countries, which are unsuitable for effective conventional chemical control (Tapondjou et al ., 2002) emphasize the necessity of new effective methods for insect pest control of crops. As Asteraceae family is nested high in the angiosperm phylogeny Asterideae/Asterales. The family contains the largest number of described, accepted species, of any plant family, CA. 24,000, with estimates of the total number reaching 30,000. There are 1600-1700 genera distributed around the globe except for Antarctica. Assuming that there are 250,000-350,000 species of flowering plants, then out of every eight to twelve species is in Compositae (about 10%) (Vicki A. Funk et al . 2002). Asteraceae family having compounds like flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, steroids, terpenoids, etc. In the present paper some common plants of Asteraceae family having biopesticide potential are discussed. Ageratum conizoides L. (Sahadevi, Goat weed). Habit: Herb. www.tjprc.org [email protected] 2 Meshram Reena, Anasane Pradnya & Chaturvedi Alka Plant Distribution: Common throughout along roadsides, waste places and forest edges. It is an annual, branching herb which grows up to 1m in height. The stem and leaves are covered with fine white hairs, the leaves are ovate and up to 7.5cm long. The flowers are purple to white, less than 6mm across and arranged in a terminal inflorescence. The fruits are achenes and easily dispersed. Because of its propagation, it becomes a weed and causes problems for farmers and ecologists. Seeds are positively photoblastic, and viability is often lost within 12 months (Tailor Chandra Shekhar and Goyal Anju, 2012). Flowers and Fruits: July-February Compounds and Biopesticide Properties: Aerial parts of Ageratum conizoides contained 11 chromenes, nine methoxyflavones (like 5,6,8,3’,4’,5’-hexamethoyflavone and 8-hydroxy-5,6,7,3’,4’,5’-hexamethoyflavone), sitosterol, (+)-sesamin and caryophyllene oxide. Other components of this plant are alkaloids, flavonoids, benzofurans and terpenoids. The plant shows insecticidal properties. Ageratum conizoides has bioactive activity that may have agricultural use as shown by several research investigations, in different countries. Pereira in 1929, cited by Jaccoud (1961), reported use of the leaves as an insect (moth) repellent (Tailor Chandra Shekhar, 2012). The insecticide activity may be the most important biological activity of this species (Harborne, 2010). Both the essential oil and as well as the major components of the oil, namely the precocenes, have been reported to have antijuvenile hormonal activity (Shirwaikar A et al , 2003). A. Coincides possesses hormone antagonist precocene I and II and Artemesia vulgaris contain a substance sesquiterpenoid location named as ‘Vaughan’ (Sharada Singh and Rao P.J., 1999). Hexane crude extract of A. conizoides (Coumarin) shows insecticide activity (toxicity) to Sitophilous zeamais, Rhyzopertha dominica, Oryzaephilus surinamensis of stored products (Marcio Dionizio Moreira et al ., 2007). The extracts of A. conyzoides shows the larvicidal and ovicidal activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of leaves on the eggs (unembryonated and embryonated), first and second larval stages of Heligmosomoides baker i (J. Wabo Pan et al ., 2011). Caesulia axillaris Roxb. (Bangra, Caesulia) Habit: Herb Plant Distribution: It is a common weed in rice fields (Marshy places) throughout India. Herbs, prostrate or suberect, annual. Leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, acute at apex. Heads compound, 1cm across, globose, white or purplish. Pappus of 2 ovate scales. Achenes 0.3*0.2 cm, flat, obovate, slightly notched. Flowers and Fruits: September-February Biopesticide Properties Its essential oil has been reported against some insect pests causing deterioration of food commodities (Verma and Dubey, 2001). It can be used as a fungicide, the efficacy of C. Auxiliaries essential oil against A. Flavors LHPtc and other molds causing deterioration of naturally stored herbal raw materials so that the oil may be recommended against the fungi associated with raw during their processing (Prashant Kumar Mishra et al ., 2012). Impact Factor (JCC): 3.8754 NAAS Rating: 4.08 Some Eco-Friendly Biopesticides from Nagpur District 3 The essential oil of Caesulia auxiliaries protected stored gram and wheat from C. chinensis , S. oryzae and T. castaneum for first 12 months of storage (Kumar R. et al ., 2007), (Verma J. et al ., 2001). Bidens biternata (Lour.) Habit: Herb. Plant Distribution: throughout as a Common weed in gardens and in waste places. Annuals herbs, up to 80cm high, erect; stem quadrangular, ribbed, hairy. Leaves alternate or imparipinnate to bipinnate, ultimate leaflets ovate, acute. Heads yellow c 1.3cm in diameter, in terminal or leaf opposed peduncles. Pappus setae 2-4retrorsely hispid, bristly. Achenes c 1.5 cm long, linear, black. Flowers and Fruits: August-September Compounds and Biopesticide Properties Heads contain polyacetylenes, chalcone and aurone glycosides, volatile oil, sterols, acylated okanin glycoside, gallic acid and phenols. Seeds and the whole plant are insecticidal. They are used for aphids, cutworm and termites. It is used to repel pests in stored grain as well as aphids, ants, beetle, cabbage root fly, caterpillars, crickets, mites and termites. Bidens biternata also have some active components like chalcones, aurone glycosides, volatile oils, acylated okanin glycoside, gallic and oxalic acid and phenolic astringents. Some of these, particularly the volatile oils, are considered responsible for the mosquito repellent (T. C. Kazembe and S. Nkomo, 2012). Leaves of Bidens pilosa and soap powder were used as an insecticide for the control of leaf miners and other insects. Similarly, PAN (2008) indicated that B. pilosa was effective against aphid, cutworm and termites. Likely, in this study, B. pilosa was minimized the number of onion thrips population, but exhibited low mortality rate percentage (Tadele Shiberu and Amin Mahammed, 2014). Blumea eriantha DC. Habit: Herb Plant Distribution: Common throughout in fields and in open forests. Herbs, erect, perennial. Leaves 2.0-7.5*1-2cm, lower leaves obovate, upper leaves elliptic-oblong, margins serrate. Heads yellow. Pappus white, longer than achenes, scanty. Achenes minutely hairy. Flowers and Fruits: December-May Compounds and Biopesticide Properties The leaves yield an essential oil rich in ketones such as carvotanacetone and l-tetrahydrocarvone. Seeds also yield a volatile oil with a camphor-like smell. The essential oil is found larvicidal against Culex pipiens and Culex fatigans . It is generally used as an insect repellent. Blumea eriantha is used as a mosquito repellent. Echinops echinatus Roxb. Habit: Herb www.tjprc.org [email protected] 4 Meshram Reena, Anasane Pradnya & Chaturvedi Alka Plant Distribution: Common throughout in dry places under open situations. Herbs, 30-90 cm high, much branched, rigid, annual, 30-90cm high. Leaves sessile, 2-10cm long, oblong, deeply pinnatifid, glabrous or minutely pubescent. Heads c 1.5 cm across (excluding spines), white, surrounded by strong white bristles. Pappus short, yellow, forms a short cylindrical tuft above achenes. Achenes 0.5 cm long, obconic, densely villous. Flowers and Fruits : September-January Compounds and Biopesticide Properties Plant leaf extract of Echinops echinatus on mycelial growth of S. rolfsii were significant (Muhammad Farooq et al ., 2010). It has a potential of fungicide. Eclipta prostrata (L.) Habit: Herb. Plant
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