LGBTQ Policy Journal at the John F
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LGBTQ Policy Journal at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University Volume 11 Spring 2021 ACKNOWLEDGMENT & APPRECIATION Editorial Staff Kamille Washington, Editor-in-Chief Elizabeth Zwart, Editor-in-Chief Marty Amaya, Managing Editor Morgan Benson, Associate Editor Ben Demers, Associate Editor Craig Johnson, Associate Editor Rachel Rostad, Associate Editor Jacob Waggoner, Associate Editor Individual Supporters Tim McCarthy, Faculty Advisor Richard Parker, Faculty Advisor Martha Foley, Publisher Nicole Lewis, Copyeditor Cerise Steel, Designer A Note of Gratitude Thank you to Open Gate, without whose support we would not have been able to produce as inclusive and meaningful a journal. Your generosity and commitment to justice were crucial in making this journal what is it. 2 LGBTQ Policy Journal 66 Taking off the ‘Masc’ Contents How Gay-Identifying Men Perceive and Navigate Hyper-Masculinity and “Mascing” 4 Letter from the Editor Culture Online By Alexander Löwstedt Granath 5 Absolute Sovereignty Exceptions as well as Legal 77 The United States Is Not Safe Obligations of States to Protect for LGBT Refugees the Rights of LGBTQI and Gender A Call to Abandon the Canada-United Diverse Persons (GDP), States Safe Third Country Agreement By Portia Comenetia Allen, James By Ella Hartsoe Katlego Chibamba, Shawn Mugisha, 80 Exploring the Need for and and Augusta Aondoaver Yaakugh Benefits of LGBTQA Faculty and 13 Up to Us Staff Groups in Higher Education A Community-Led Needs Assessment of By Ariel Schorr Lesnick Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming 90 Mutual Aid as a Queer Asians and Pacific Islanders in the Bay Intervention in Public Library Area By APIENC Service By Flan Park 24 Breaking the “First Rule of Masculinity” 93 Carving Spaces for A Conversation with Thomas Page McBee Engagement in Indonesia By Morgan Benson An Interview with Hendrika Mayora Victoria Kelan 31 Religious Equity By Eki Ramadhan A Path to Greater LGBTQ Inclusion By Rev. Adam Lawrence Dyer 99 Sex/Gender Identity Policies in Kazakhstan 36 Queer Choreographies of Reviews and Recommendations Twitter Memes as Objects of By J. Michael Ryan, PhD, and Yenlik Digital Embodiment Dairova Increasing Access to Means of Digital 107 Empty Promises of Rainbow Cultural Creation By W.G. Ellis Hearts The Changes and Stagnations of Anti- 45 Out of the Closet but In the Violence Providers in Serving LGBTQIA+ Shadows: Survivors Stigma’s Regulation of Queer Intimacy as a By Wolf Smith and River Chew Human Rights Issue By Evan L. Eschliman, MS 121 Erasing Excellence The State Department’s Abandonment of 59 Out of the Tubs, and Into the LGBTQ Diplomats Streets! By Constanza Castro Zúñiga and Tracing the History of Bathhouse Marty Amaya Regulations in San Francisco, CA By Stephan Ferris Spring 2021 3 Letter from the Editor In the midst of a global pandemic that is claiming lives and livelihoods, journals can feel trivial. When police murder residents with little to no accountability, when wildfires and floods ravage communities, when democracy itself is under attack; journals can feel insignificant. And if they don’t inspire action, they are. The travesties listed above do not strike us all equally. Marginalized communities disproportionately bear the weight and the wounds of the world. That is true of the LGBTQ community, and within the LGBTQ community. As of publication, HRC has mourned at least twelve trans and nonbinary people who have been murdered in 2021 in the US, half of whom were Black trans women, and 2020 had the highest recorded murder rate of trans and nonbinary people since HRC began tracking in 2013. In light of the disproportionate burden our most marginalized members have shouldered, struggled against, and often surmounted, it felt especially urgent to seek out their ideas this year. In doing so, we heard from authors fighting for LGBTQ equality across Africa, the first transgender public official in Indonesia, and an organization highlighting the needs of the transgender and non-binary Asian and Pacific Islander community in San Francisco, among many others. At the same time, we recognize the voices represented in these pages are not representative of our community in its entirety. Our journal contributors this year come from a variety of backgrounds and bring their frustrations, visions, and calls to action into these pieces. In an attempt to support transparency and accountability for ourselves, and for Harvard, we are sharing the demographics of our authors publicly, and committing to continuing to seek out more equitable and diverse representation. While these statistics fail to capture the intersection of identities and all the relevant experiences that color people’s lives, we find them a helpful place to start. In this print edition, we have published 20 authors, 18 of whom shared their identities with us, as well as 1 organization. The following statistics are for our individual authors; the organization is comprised of transgender and non-binary Asians and Pacific Islanders, many of whom are youth. Our individual authors: • have a variety of gender identities (nonbinary, transmasc, genderqueer, 2S, man, woman, transgender man, etc.). About a third of our authors have a gender different from their sex assigned at birth, a third are cis women, and a third are cis men. • have a variety of racial identities, but many—around half—are white. A fifth are Hispanic or Latino, a fifth are Black, a sixth are Native American or American Indian, and others are Asian/ Asian American or Pacific Islander, Arab, and/or biracial. • are predominantly LGBTQ with almost half of our authors identifying with the word queer. Other sexualities included gay, lesbian, bisexual, heterosexual, homosexual, and pansexual. • tend to be American, with about two-thirds identifying as such. Nine other nationalities were represented, including Indonesian, Nigerian, Kazakh, Chilean, Ugandan, Mexican, Swedish, South African, and British. • are almost all formally educated, with the vast majority having a bachelor’s degree and about half having another professional degree. All of our authors have written their pieces because they want to drive a change in the world, to help create a world that is more safe, inclusive, welcoming, and joyful for people like them, like us, and like all of you. We hope their pieces nourish and inspire you as you fight for justice, wherever you are on that journey. Absolute Sovereignty Exceptions as well as Legal Obligations of States to Protect the Rights of LGBTQI and Gender Diverse Persons (GDP)1,2 By Portia Comenetia Allen, James Katlego Chibamba, Shawn Mugisha, and Augusta Aondoaver Yaakugh3 Portia Comenetia Allen has been fundraising in Africa for two decades, primarily in East Africa with local communities and non-governmental organisations. Collaboratively, they have raised ~$10 million for education, health, and human rights projects. Allen is an activist and a lifelong volunteer, having volunteered with the Carter Center, Hubert H. Humphrey Fellowship Program, National Black Herstory Task Force, and the Emory University Global Health Organisation. She holds a master of arts degree in modern international studies and a bachelor of arts degree in history and geography. Katlego Chibamba is a Johannesburg-based human rights defender, born in Kimberley, South Africa. He holds a bach- elor of laws degree from the University of South Africa. He is currently a grants officer at the Other Foundation, an African trust that works as a grantmaker and fundraiser, while advancing equality and freedom in southern Africa, with a particular focus on sexual orientation and gender identity. During his student activism years, Katlego, then a student radio producer amongst other responsibilities, founded two LGBTQI+ rights organizations, namely Gays and Lesbians of Rustenburg and Gays and Lesbians of the University of South Africa. He went on to become the founding board Chairperson of Serenity Rehabilitation and Development Home, an organization that provides support ser- vices to those suffering from alcohol and drug related challenges. Katlego is a fellow of the Human Sciences Research Council and University of Central Los Angeles leadership in the stigma reduction program, YALI alumnus, and a qualified LILO Master Trainer through Positive Vibes Trust. Shawn Mugisha is a transgender man from Uganda and a freelance human rights activist with hands-on experience in security planning, research, advocacy, and community mobilisation. He has worked for nearly a decade as a front- line activist, peer educator, community paralegal and facilitator for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer (LGBTIQ) and sex worker communities in Uganda. He trains members of law enforcement, local leaders, and health workers in human rights and inclusion for LGBTIQ persons. In recent years, Shawn has combined his activism with his love of nature and experience as a farmer. He uses permaculture design to organise community farming projects for LGBTIQ survivors of human rights abuses. These projects engage LGBTIQ people and communities in order to create safe spaces and change mindsets, therefore establishing and economic inclusion for LGBTIQ persons. These projects also allow LGBTIQ people to navigate their personal road toward healing and a higher quality of life. Augusta Aondoaver Yaakugh is a Nigerian based in Abuja. She is a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court of Nigeria having been called to the Nigerian Bar. She is a member of the Nigerian Bar association. She obtained her first degree in law from Benue State University, Makurdi, and attended the Abuja campus of the Nigerian law school. She also holds a master’s degree in corporate law and governance from Nasarawa State University, Keffi. She is the executive director of Lex Initiative for Rights Advocacy and Development (LIRAD), whose mission is to promote and protect the interest of vulnerable groups and the environment. She has expertise in the human rights and governance sector, with special emphasis on corporate accountability and human and environmental institutions engagement.