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Urban Expansion and Consolidation in Accra's Peripheries

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Urban Expansion and Consolidation in Accra's Peripheries Urban expansion and consolidation in Accra’s peripheries An examination of the entwinement of development and flood risk in four settlements Møller-Jensen, Maya; Agergaard, Jytte; Andreasen, Manja Hoppe; Oteng-Ababio, Martin; Yankson, P.W.K. Publication date: 2020 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: Unspecified Citation for published version (APA): Møller-Jensen, M., Agergaard, J., Andreasen, M. H., Oteng-Ababio, M., & Yankson, P. W. K. (2020). Urban expansion and consolidation in Accra’s peripheries: An examination of the entwinement of development and flood risk in four settlements. Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen. Download date: 02. okt.. 2021 Urban expansion and consolidation in Accra’s peripheries: An examination of the entwinement of development and flood risk in four settlements Møller-Jensen, Maya; Agergaard, Jytte; Andreasen, Manja Hoppe; Oteng-Ababio, Martin; Yankson, P.W.K. Publication date: 2020 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: Unspecified Citation for published version (APA): Møller-Jensen, M., Agergaard, J., Andreasen, M. H., Oteng-Ababio, M., & Yankson, P. W. K. (2020). Urban expansion and consolidation in Accra’s peripheries: An examination of the entwinement of development and flood risk in four settlements. Copenhagen. Download date: 01. feb.. 2021 UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENC ES AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Urban expansion and consolidation in Accra’s peripheries An examination of the entwinement of development and flood risk in four settlements Maya Møller-Jensen, Jytte Agergaard, Manja Hoppe Andreasen, Martin Oteng-Ababio & Paul Yankson IGN REPORT December 2020 Title Urban expansion and consolidaton in Accra’s peripheries: An examinaton of the entwinement of development and flood risk in four setlements Author Maya Møller-Jensen, Jyte Agergaard, Manja Hoppe Andreasen, Martn Oteng-Ababio & Paul Yankson With support from Richard Yao Kofie, Albert Allotey, Abubakari Abdallah & Prince Gyekye, Lasse Møller-Jensen Citaton Møller-Jensen, M., Agergaard, J., Andreasen, M.H., Oteng-Ababio, M. & Yankson, P., Urban expansion and consolidaton in Accra’s peripheries: An examinaton of the entwinement of development and flood risk in four setlements, IGN Report, December 2020. Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg. Number of pages 109. Funding This research is part of the CLIMACCESS project funded by a grant awarded by the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Publisher Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Rolighedsvej 23 DK-1958 Frederiksberg C Tel. +45 353 31500 [email protected] www.ign.ku.dk Responsible under the press law Claus Beier ISBN 978-87-7903-849-3 Layout Kent Pørksen Cover photo Jyte Agergaard Published This report is published at www.ign.ku.dk Citaton allowed with clear source indicaton Writen permission is required if you wish to use the name of the insttute and/or part of this report for sales and advertsing purposes Content INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 5 Four settlements in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area ........................................................................................... 6 Data collection ................................................................................................................................................................. 10 The structure of the four reports ................................................................................................................................... 12 THE ADENTAN SETTLEMENT ........................................................................................ 13 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Population characteristics .............................................................................................................................................. 16 Consolidation and development .................................................................................................................................... 19 Mobility and accessibility ............................................................................................................................................... 24 Flooding ........................................................................................................................................................................... 29 Summary: An emerging middleclass suburb ............................................................................................................... 34 THE SANTA MARIA SETTLEMENT ................................................................................. 37 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 37 Population characteristics .............................................................................................................................................. 40 Consolidation and development .................................................................................................................................... 43 Mobility and Accessibility .............................................................................................................................................. 48 Flooding ........................................................................................................................................................................... 52 Summary: A working class dormitory town ................................................................................................................ 58 THE GLEFE SETTLEMENT .............................................................................................. 61 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 61 Population characteristics .............................................................................................................................................. 64 2 Consolidation and development .................................................................................................................................... 67 Mobility and accessibility ............................................................................................................................................... 71 Flooding ........................................................................................................................................................................... 74 Summary: A haphazardly build neighbourhood for the urban poor ........................................................................ 78 THE POKUASE SETTLEMENT ........................................................................................ 81 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 81 Population characteristics .............................................................................................................................................. 84 Consolidation and Growth ............................................................................................................................................. 87 Mobility and accessibility ............................................................................................................................................... 92 Flooding ........................................................................................................................................................................... 96 Summary: A socially-mixed emerging suburb around an old consolidated core .................................................... 101 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 105 3 4 Introduction With respect to both demographic densification and expansion of the built-up environment, the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA) is among the fast-growing urban conurbations in Sub- Saharan Africa (United Nations 2016). While immigration to the city area certainly contributes to its growth and expansion, residential mobility from more central locations to the urban fringes and natural population growth are of equal importance. According to recent estimates from Ghana Statistical Office, GAMA contained a population of approximately 4.6 million (2016) (Akubia and Bruns 2019, 16). The history of Accra’s change from being a colonial market place to a modern city and capital is multi-faceted and covers various elements of planned construction of housing and infrastructure and visions for urban planning to market-based incremental growth beyond formal planning (Yankson and Bertrand 2012). The economic crisis of the 1970s and early 1980s was halting the until then gradual growth of the metropolis, while the Economic Recovery Program/Structural Adjustment Program and liberalization
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