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SOCIAL SCIENCE Vol- I

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Based on the New Syllabus for 2019-2020 FREE EXERCISE & MAP DRAWING BOOK

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Published By B. ARUMUGAM SRI GANGA PUBLICATIONS (A unit of Shyamala Group)

Authors

S. SUBRAMANIAN, M.A., B.Ed., M.Phil., S. SURESH KUMAR, M.A., M.Ed., Pudukkottai. Erode.

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PREFACE

SOCIAL ACIENCE text book has been prepared following the guidelines given in the NATIONAL CURRICULAM FRAME WORK. The new text book provides ample opportunities for the students to learn Social Science and use it effectively in their life. The marked changes in the new text book aims at equipping the students with a gradual building of scientific knowledge to face the competitive world.

In tune with the objectives as formulated in the new text book, GANGA PUBLICATION has come out with a new Social Science Guide to help the students to learn Social Science comfortably and score very good marks in Government Board Exam. Every effort has been taken to lend a hand to students to understand and assimilate the answers easily.

Accurate answers in simple language and enormous additional questions and answers will help the students to score good marks in School as well as in Government Board Examination. Moreover, we have added Unit Test for 50 marks for every chapter, which will be very useful for self evaluation.

It is earnestly hoped that GANGA GUIDE will be of immence help to equipe the students to face the examinations with confidence and competence.

Wish you the most successful, pleasant Academic Year with GANGA GUIDE.

-Publisher www.kalvikural.com

(iv) CONTENTS

UNIT TOPIC PAGE NO. HISTORY

1 Outbreak Of World War I And Its Aftermath 1

2 The World Between Two World War 22

3 World War II 39

4 The World After World War II 58

5 Social and Religious Reform Movements in the 19Th Century 76 GEOGRAPHY

1 India - Location, Relief And Drainage 93

2 Climate And Natural Vegetation Of India 113

3 Components Of Agriculture 132

4 Resources And Industries 152

5 India - Population, Transport, Communication & Trade 167 CIVICS

1 Indian Constitution 188

2 Central Government 202

3 State Government 220 ECONOMICS

1 Gross Domestic Product And Its Growth: An Introduction 237

2 Globalization And Trade 249 . Towhichcountrythe 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. I HISTORY UNIT -I a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) century? c) a) d) c) b) a) c) Which country aftertheWhich country WorldWarItooktopolicy ofisolation? What isthe battleof Marne isrememberedfor? Who said“imperialism isthehigheststageofcapitalism”? Which country emerged as the strongest in Asia towards nineteenth the closeof Where did theEthiopianarmydefeatItalian army? What were thethree major empiresshattered by theendofFirstWorldWar? Choose the Correct Choosethe Answer Britain Germany Britain Submarine warfare Air warfare Sun Yat-sen Lenin Korea China Adowa Delville Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy Spain, Portugal andItaly Germany, Austria-Hungary, andRussia Germany, Austria Hungary, andtheOttomans Dutch UNIT 1 OUTBREAK OFWORLD WAR www.kalvikural.com firstSecretaryGeneralof I ANDITSAFTERMATH Ans : BOOK EXERCISEBOOK b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) a) Germany,AustriaHungaryandtheOttomans France USA France Ship warfare Trench warfare Mao Tsetung Marx Mongolia Japan Algiers Orange State USA 1 LeagueofNationsbelonged?

Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: b) Trenchwarfare a) Britain d) USA a) Lenin b) Japan c) Adowa G anga

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. wasexpelled Whichcountry fromtheLeagueof NationsforattackingFinland? 8. G anga c) a) c) a) Austria-Hungary andItaly. c) Conquest a) c) a) for furtherexpansioninChina. c) a) during theperiodofMeijiEra. c) a) c) a) c) a) entire world. c) a) First worldWar. Under the guidance of ______, Under theguidance Triple Alliance was formed between Germany, The Europeanpowers followed______in chinatooccupythe territories. Manchu dynasty The downfallof in ______an opportunity provided Japan ______became a great industrial nation as well as an imperialist power The needtocontrolthe sourcesofrawmaterials inevitablyledto______. According toLenin,______isthehighest state of Capitalism. ______The political and social processes that began in ______culminated in the Italy Germany Hitler Bismarck Protectorate 1919 1910 Mongolia China Civilization Imperialism Imperialism World War Sino-Japanese War Franco-German War 1870 1780 www.kalvikural.com was the

first ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS industrial d) b) d) b) d) Spheres ofinfluence b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) France Russia Lenin Mussolini Leasehold 1939 1912 Vietnam Japan Agriculture Revolution Colonisation French Revolution First World War Russo-Japanese War 1879 1789 war 2 that Ans: drew

b) Spheresofinfluence the Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: economic b) 1789 b) Russia b) 1912 b) Japan a) Imperialism c) Imperialism d) FirstWorld a) Bismarck resources UNIT -I War of the 26. 25. In1916, 24. 23. 22. 21. 20. 19. 18. 17. UNIT -I c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) South-west ofEurope. c) a) War. c) a) and moderngovernmentinTurkey. c) a) c) a) Colonialism support it’developed. c) a) Germany surrendered intheFirstWorldWar ______1918. The famousGermancruiser which bombarded Madras was______. In 1917, Tsaristregime wasoverthrowninRussia by______. ______remained aneutralcountrywhen theFirstWorldWarbrokeout. In The enmity between ______and Serbia paved the way for the First World ______TurkRevolutionof The Young was an attempt to create a strong In Franco-Germanwar of1871,FrancelostAlsace andLorraineto______. With the growth of ______, the attitude of ‘Mycountry right or wrong, I the Panther Eagle Battle ofNorthSea Battle ofJutland Lenin Stalin England Germany Austria Germany Austria Germany 1912 1908 Germany England Nationalism June January first anavalbattle knownas______half of the www.kalvikural.com 19th century, d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) Emden U boats Battle ofMarne Battle ofBritain Mussolini Hitler Italy Russia Turkey Italy Russia Italy 1914 1910 Italy Russia Imperialism Capitalism December November ______3 had takenplaceintheNorthSea. was Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: a powerful a)1908 b)November c)Lenin c) Germany c) Nationalism d) Emden a) BattleofJutland d) Italy d) Turkey c) Austria country G anga in the

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. Ans: 4. 3. 2. 1. TheLeagueofNations wasfinallydissolvedin 30. Thesecretariat ofthe 29. 28. 27. 11. G II anga a) c) a) Ans: any Capitalism. commodity. beforeSocialists government. Leninestablished theBolshevik May 1913. c) a) c) a) c) A ______is an industrial organisation engaged in the production or distribution of Europe,Within ______held a pre-eminent and the worldleaderof position Locarno Treaty was signed intheyear ______. ______became Prime Minister leading a new of liberalscoalition and moderate ______asPrimeMinister represented France inParis Peace Conference. In thebattle ofTannenberg ______suffered heavy losses. In ______hadmixed theBalkans, population. Japan entered Englandinthe with intoanalliance year ______. of AlbaniaThe new state was created according to the Treaty of ______signed in Japan forced awar on China intheyear ______. In Russia theBolshevik Partywasrenamedthe Russian______Party. Russia,In ______, theEmperorabolished serfdom andemancipated the serfs. The occupation, division andcolonisationofAfrica tookplacefrom ______. Fill in the Blanks inthe Fill Socialist Peter, theGreat Nicholas II 1945 1919 New York Geneva Communist www.kalvikural.com LeagueofNationswaslocated at______. ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) Capitalist Nicholas II Alexander II 1946 1939 Paris Rome Democratic 4 ______. Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: d) 1946 a) Geneva c) Communist b) AlexanderII Trust England 1925 Kerensky Macidonia London 1894 1881 to1914 Clemenceau Ans: Ans: UNIT -I 1902 Russia 30. 29. Afterthe 28. 27. 26. 25. 24. 23. 22. 21. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. UNIT -I Ans: Ans: Versailles. Ans: Ans: Turkey. Ans: Ans: fifty miles. Ans: Ans: ______. Ans: powers’. Ans: Ans: ______ofRomanov dynasty hadalittle ofgovernment. experience ______putanend andtheCaliphate totheSultanate inTurkey. Worldthe First After War, PeaceTreaty Germany with was signed in ______at The American President ______declared war onGermany inApril 1917. Italy formally joinedthe intheFirstWorld Allies War in______. In the FirstWorld War, ______played a major role in attackresisting the British on Lenin wanted peacein Russia andsignedtheTreaty of______with Germany. The battle ofVerdun decided thefortunes ofthewar infavour ofthe______. The battle ofMarneisa memorable onefor ______warfare. At thebattle of______, the French succeeded in pushing back the Germansabout FranceBritain, andItaly signedasecret treaty known as______inApril 1916. War Balkan The Second theTreaty endedwith of______. LeaguewasThe Balkan formed in______. As per Entente Cordiale, France agreed to recognize occupation of ______. the British Triple Germany, between Alliance Austria-Hungary and Italy was formed in the year 1900, By the whole______was colonisedby the European powers. the Russo-JapaneseAfter war, ______entered the‘Charmed circle ofthegreat Over Manchuria, Russia andJapanfought one anotherintheyear with ______. War, theEmperor ofGermany ______fled to Netherlandsasrefugee. Ans: www.kalvikural.com 5 Ans: Ans: Ans: Japan Ans: Ans: England Africa Allies March 1912 1882 1904 Nicholas II Mustfa KemalPasha Kaiser WilhelmII Hall ofMirrors Mustafa KamalPasha Brest-Litovsk Marne Treaty ofLondon Woodrow Wilson Ans: Ans: Bucharest May 1916 Trench G anga

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Assertion 4. 3. 2. 1. 33. 32. Nicholas 31. G III anga the sovereignty ofthe______islands. Ans: c) Ans: a) c) Ans: a) c) Ans: a) c) Ans: a) Reason (R) Reason (R) Assertion (A) iv) iii) ii) i) iv) iii) ii) i) Japan attacked Manchuria inSeptember______. In 1920, the League of Nations settled the dispute between Sweden and Finland over Choose the correct Choosethe statement Both AandRareBoth wrong AandRareBoth correct AandRareBoth wrong AandRareBoth correct iv) iscorrect i) andii) are correct iv) iscorrect i) andii) are correct Tyrol. (F) Turkey’s attempt toattackSuezCanalbut wererepulsed.(T) Britain attacked Turkey andcapturedConstantinople. (F) Turkey foughtonthesideofcentralpowers. (T) The TurkishEmpire containedmanynon-Turkish peopleintheBalkans.(T) Italy was denied even small places such as Trieste, Istria and the south The TreatyofSevres wassignedwithItaly. (F) Italy wasmuchdisappointed overthepeace settlementatVersailles.(T) Italy remaineda neutralcountrywhenthe WorldWarbrokeout.(T) II, Tsar ofRussia was underthestrong influence ofhiswife ______. www.kalvikural.com (A) : : : : The industries. manufactured goodsandCapturingEngland’smarkets. There wasstiffresistancefromthenativepopulation. resulted inbloodybattles. Both the countries required raw produced material for their Germany and theUnitedStates cheaper were producing first European d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) R isrightbutit hasnorelevance toA A isrightbutRnotthecorrect reason R isrightbutit hasnorelevance toA A isrightbutRnotthecorrect reason i), ii) andiv)are correct i) andiii) are correct i), iii) andiv)are correct iii) iscorrect a) BothAandR arecorrect. b) Aisrightbut Risnotthecorrectreason d) i),ii)andiv) arecorrect a) i)andii)are correct 6 attempts

to carve Ans: Ans: 1931 Aaland out Tsarina Alexandra colonies UNIT -I in Africa 9. 8. 7. i) 6. 5. UNIT -I Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: iii) ii) i) iv) iii) ii) i) iv) iii) ii) i) iv) iii) ii) iv) iii) ii) i)

His sloganof‘Allpowerto the Soviets’ soonwonoverthe workers’ leaders.(T) For c) a) c) a) history. c) a) in St.Petersburg.(T) Manchuria. c) a) hundred merchantsships. (T) During MarchandApril 1917, German submarine destroyed nearly six First timeinthe war, theGermansusedpoison gas. In theFirstWorld War, Turkeyfoughtonthe sideoftheAllies. The Germanyarmy waslimitedto100,000 menafterthewar. Treaty ofVersailles wassignedwithdefeated Germany. tookamonthtoreachThe PeaceConference asettlement with Germany. (F) openedinParis1920.The PeaceConference The biggest outcome ofthe war, French Revolution, was unique inworld Caliphs weremade therulersofTurkeyafter thewar. The outcomewas imbalancebetween sexes –ashortageofmen. During theFirstWorld War,nearly8million peoplediedinEurope. 1902, In Father Gapon, apriest organised amarch the Tsar’s Winter Palace In thiswar,Japan wasdefeatedand itled tostrikesandriotsinJapan.(F) This provokedawar withJapanin1900. The peoplewere attractedbythesloganof ‘Bread,PeaceandLand’. Lenin wantedto end therevolution. Lenin wasinSwitzerland whentheRussian revolutionbrokeout. colonial i) andiv) are correct i) andii) are correct i) andiv) are correct i) andii) are correct i) andiv) are correct i) andii) are correct iv) iscorrect i) andii) are correct (F) (T) possession, www.kalvikural.com ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS Tsar Nicholas 7 d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) i), iii) andiv)are correct iii) andiv)are correct i), iii) andiv)are correct iii) iscorrect i), iii) andiv)are correct iii) iscorrect i), iii) andiv)are correct iii) iscorrect encouraged (F) (F) d) i),iii)andiv)arecorrect b) iii)andiv)arecorrect a) i)andii)arecorrect c) i)andiv)arecorrect (F) Russian (T) (F) expansion (F) (T) (T) G anga (T) (T) (T) (T) in

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. The courtwasmadeoffifteenjudge. : Reason(R) 13. 12. 11. 10. G IV anga Ans: Ans: c) Ans: a) c) Ans: a) c) Ans: a) c) Ans: a) Hall ofMirrorsHall Emden Kemal Pasha Jingoism Treaty of Brest- Litovsk Assertion (A) Reason (R) Assertion (A) Reason (R) Assertion (A) Reason (R) Assertion (A) iv) Match the Following Match the Both AandRareBoth wrong AandRareBoth correct AandRareBoth wrong AandRareBoth correct AandRareBoth wrong AandRareBoth correct AandRareBoth wrong AandRareBoth correct c) a) Lusitania, aBritish shipwastorpedoedby the GermansinApril1917. www.kalvikural.com i) andiii) are correct ii) andiii) are correct : : : : : : : made thisaseasier. European expansioninAfricaandotherplaces. countries. commodities. The InternationalCourtofJusticewassetupintheHague. The revolution in the means of communication and transport The latter the 19th half of century facilitated the processof The superiorweaponsgavethemadecisiveedge. By 1900, the whole Africa was colonised by the European The battle of by cheapening competition of isfought Little menweredrivenoutofbusinessbybigmen. - - - - - e) d) c) b) a) Madras England Russia Germany with Turkey Versailles 8 d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) R isrightbut hasnorelevance it toA. A isrightbut Risnotthecorrect reason R isrightbut hasnorelevance it toA. A isrightbut Risnotthecorrect reason R isrightbut hasnorelevance it toA A isrightbut Risnotthecorrect reason R isrightbut hasnorelevance it toA. A isrightbut Risnotthecorrect reason ii) andiv)are correct iii) andiv)are correct 1 -c,2 - d,3b,4e,5a a) BothAandRarecorrect a) ii)and iii)arecorrect a) BothAandRarecorrect a) BothAandRarecorrect a) BothAandRarecorrect UNIT -I (F) 3. Name the countriesin 2. 1. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. IV UNIT -I  The three forms militant ofnationalism were-  The countriesoftheTriple Ententeare –      Ans: Ans: Ans:  What were thethree militant forms of nationalism inEurope? How doyouassessthe importanceofSino-JapaneseWar? Sir EricDrummond Trotsky Mustafa Kamal Pasha Franz Ferdinand RhodesCecil Entente cordiale Treaty of Bucharest Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Treaty of London Clemenceau Lloyd George Wilhelm Lenin Woodrow Wilson Answer Briefly England’s jingoism, England, this action,JapanhadprovedBy was thatit thestrongest nationoftheEastAisa. After thewar, Japanannexed theLiaotungpeninsulawith Port Arthur. The crushingdefeat ofChinaby Japansurprisedtheworld. In 1894, Japanforced awar onChina. asanimperialisticnation aswell power. During the period of Meiji Era (1867 to 1912), Japan became agreat industrial Germany’s Kultur. v www.kalvikural.com

France and ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS theTripleEntente. ------v e) d) c) b) a) e) d) c) b) a) e) Russia d) Germany c) America b) a) France’s chauvinismand South AfricaSouth Austria-Hungary Turkey League ofNations Russia Russia Germany WarFirst Balkan England andFrance War Balkan Second France England 9 v

Russia. 1 -c,2 - e,3d, 4-a,5b 1-e,2 -d,3c, 4-a,5b 1 -c,2 -e,3d,4a,5b G anga

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY . What isthe significanceoftheTreaty ofPortsmouth? 8. Listoutany twocauses forthefailureofLeague ofNations. 7. Highlighttheglobalinfluence ofRussianRevolution? 6. 5. 4. G anga                     What was theroleof Mustafa KemalPasha? What doyouknowoftrenchwarfare? Japan afterthiswar entered the“Charmedcircle oftheGreat Powers”. As perthetreaty, Japangot backPort Arthur. Portsmouth. In this Russo-Japanese War, Japan defeatedRussia and signed the Treaty of Russia andJapanfought awar in1904becauseoftheissuePort Arthur. League. It was thebrainchild of Wilson who could not even convince his country tojoin the They refused tobeboundby theorders oftheLeague. Italy, Germany and Japan were headedWorldbythe First after thedictators War. First World War. The League appeared to be an organisation of thosewho were victoriousin the started takingplaceinaglobalcontext. overDebates land reforms, social welfare, workers’ rights and gender equality freedom. The In many countries,Communistpartieswere formed. The revolution fired people’s imaginationacross theworld. The supportoftheSoviet Unionwas agreat helptohim. He putanendtothesultanate andtheCaliphate. He modernisedTurkey recognitions. andchangedit outofall remarkable. Turkey’s rebirth as a nation. Thanks to therole played by Mustafa Kemal Pasha was delivered. Through the linking trenches, food, ammunition, fresh troops, mail and order were The mainlines oftrenches were connectedtoeachother. parallel toeachother. The typical trenchin system World War consistedoftwotofour trench lines running protect themselves from enemy fire. Trenchesdug by orditches troops and helped the soldierstostandsafely and Trench warfare was anewmethodadoptedinthe FirstWorld War. www.kalvikural.com Russian Communist ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS Government 10 encouraged the colonies to fight UNIT -I for their 2 Namethe Allieswho 12. 11. 11. WriteanoteontheformationofTripleEntente. 10. Define:TrustandCartel. Whatis‘Nihilism’? 9. UNIT -I Nine statesthatopposedtheCentral powerswere –           Cartel:   Trust:    Write about War. SecondBalkan The war cametoanendwiththesigningofTreaty ofBucharest inAug. 1913. In thiswar, was Bulgaria defeated. easily attackedBulgaria andSerbia. Serbia was themaincausefor thesecondwar. WarThe division the FirstBalkan countries after of Macedonia among the Balkan in 1907. Thus, the three countries–England, France and Russia formed the Triple Entente and Tibet. subsequently reached an agreementBritain Russiawith over Persia, Afghanistan and France was permitted free handMorocco. As per theagreement, France agreed torecognize occupation of Egypt theBritish in 1904. and the French came toan The British agreement and signed the EntenteCordiale The objective was toexercise amonopolistic influenceonthemarket. between enterprisersinthesamefieldofbusiness. The term cartelrefers toan association based upon a contractual agreement commodity ownadvantage. toits The trust would adequate controlpossess over thesupply and price ofthat commodity. A is trust an industrial organisation engaged in the production or distribution of any The outcometookthemtoterrorism whichisknownas‘Nihilism’. the peasants. In theoutcomeoftheirworkwith with disillusioned students course oftime,these the Tsar’s government madestudentstocarrytheirpropaganda tothepeasantry. The spread of revolutionary ideas among and the intelligentsia their repression by Russia France England www.kalvikural.com opposed theCentralpowers. Belgium States United Italy 11 Greece Rumania Serbia G anga

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 7 WhatisLeague ofNations? What wereitsobjectives? 17. 16. 15. 14. Writeabout Battlein 13. G anga                      What isPravda? What were theresults oftheRussian Revolution? Why didAmericaenter intotheFirst WorldWar? ii) i) The twofold objectives oftheLeagueNationswere – So, theystartedapeaceorganisation ‘LeagueofNations’in1920. called peace intheworld. After theWorld War, the countrieswantedthe all to put an end to war and maintain continued underthePravda name. of theSovietAfter thecollapse Union, numerous publications and Web sites to 1991. It Pravda isaRussian worldmeaning‘Truth’. Land was announcedassocialproperty anditswas distributedtopoorpeasants. Industries andbankswere nationalised. Women were given equalrightsincludingrighttovote. Russian industryandagriculture haddeveloped remarkably. record time. The Russian Communist party eliminated illiteracy and poverty in Russia within a Immediately, President Wilsondeclared war againstGermany inApril 1917. There was alotofresentment intheUSA. In that,many Americanslosttheirlives. anAmericanshipwasLusitania, torpedoedby aGermansubmarineinApril 1917. waters.British In Jan. 1917, Germany announced that theywould sink even neutral ships in the This was themaincausefor theentryofAmericainFirstWorld War waters.British In Jan. 1917, Germany announced that theywould sink even neutral ships in the in theNorthSea. Thereafter, Germanytheir submarine warfare stated andwentroaming theircruiser wonthebattleThe British anddestroyed thenavy ofGermany. In 1916,anaval battle (Battle ofJutland)hadtaken placeintheNorthSea. was to promote international cooperation ineconomic and socialaffairs. to avoid war andmaintain peaceintheworld. www.kalvikural.com the official newspaper the NorthSea/BattleofJutland.

of the 12 Communist Party of the Soviet Union UNIT -I from 1918 b) What wastheoutcomeoffirstBalkan War? 3. 2. 1. VI UNIT -I v control ofMacedonia.To solve theproblem, Leaguewas theBalkan formed. There were rivalries among Greece,and later Montenegro Bulgaria Serbia, for the 

a) Balkan Wars d) c) b) a) German Emperor d) c) b) a) Imperialism Answer questions allthe given undereach caption Why wasBalkanLeagueformed? What happenedtoGermany’scoloniesinAfrica? Why didKaiserWilhelminterveneintheMoroccoaffair? What wastheviolentformofGermanycalled? What wasthenatureofEmperorKaiserWilhelmIIGermany? What werethecontrastscapitalismproduced? Why didtheindustrialcountriesneedcoloniesinnineteenthcentury? How didJapanemergeasanimperialpower? What doyouknowofmonopolycapitalism? v v v v France over Morocco. Kaiser So Wilhelmintervened intheMorocco affair. As per the CordialeEntente gave (1904), The British permission a free hand to Kultur was theviolentform of Germany. He was ruthlesslyassertive andaggressive. (iii) Empire stateanddependent colony. exploited (ii) Slumand skyscraper and (i) Extreme poverty andextreme wealth, Need ofmarket for surplus goodsandtopurchase raw materials. of Because The principle offree trade any without control orregulation by theState. Anewstate ofAlbania was created. Thewar toanend came theTreaty with ofLondon in1913. Therefore, theywere surrendered totheAllies. Thecolonies were unable to getany helpfrom Germany. TheGermancolonies in Africa were attacked by theAllies. (ii) Modern army andnavy. (i) westerneducationandindustrial growth. www.kalvikural.com 13 G anga

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 6. 5. a) 4. G anga Turkey. should withdraw troops its from Manchuria. a) Formation ofAlliances: d) c) b) a) Russo-Japanese war: d)  c) b) Imperialistic Japan: d)  c) When wastheTripleAlliance formed? When wastheRusso-Japanesewarfought? What wasthedemandofJapan? Russia. Who sentitsforcesandoccupiedManchuria? Pressure mounted by European powers,Japangave claimover up its Port Arthur. Why didJapangiveupitsclaimoverPortArthur? The annexation ofLiaotung Peninsula with Port Arthur. Asia? Japan hadprovedthat Which actionof it was the strongest nation the East of 1894-95. When wastheSino-JapaneseWarfought? Meiji Era (1867 –1912). When didJapanemergeasanimperialisticpower? Japan. them? Name Treaty ofBucharest(1913). What was the name of the Treaty signed at the end ofthis second Balkan War? Who weredefeatedinthiswar? v v In 1882. 1904-05. Japan entered England into with an alliance in 1902 and demanded that Russia Turkey was reduced tothe area around Constantinople. states dividedupMacedoniabetween them. OtherBalkan www.kalvikural.com the Asian country ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS that imitated 14 Western countries and became UNIT -I equal to 9. c) b) Name afewBalkancountries. 8. 7. UNIT -I    a) Immediate causeofthe war: d) a) The Balkan Problem: d) c) b)  a) Bosnia and Herzegovina: d) c) b) Who wastheEmperorofAustria-Hungaryat timeofWorldWar? Why didtheBalkancountriessecedefrom control ofTurkishEmpire? Name Where isBalkanregion? 1914. The enmityAustria between paved and Serbia theway for theoutbreak ofwar in What wastheresult? Serbia. Who opposedtheAustrianannexationofBosniaandHerzegovina? Dardanelles and theBosporus. Mediterranean. which region, Austria Through was permitted send thewarships to Russia. Who agreedtoannexBosniaandHerzegovinabyAustria? In 1907 –England, France andRussia. When wasTripleEntenteformedandmentionthemembers? andFrance.1904 –Britain When wastheEntenteCordialeformed?Whoaremembers? Austria-Hungary, Germany and Italy. Who werethemembersofalliance? Franz Joseph. century. and The political economic instability oftheTurkish Empire in the secondhalfof18th eighteenth century. Greece, Romania, Montenegro, Serbia, Bulgaria, Albania, Macedonia,etc. Sea. Black isaregionEurope Balkans in South-eastern theMediterranean between and the

the country Greece. www.kalvikural.com that seceded 15 from Turkey during the second G anga half of

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 1. 10. b) Name thesuccessor/heirtothrone. G VII anga

    Violent formsofNationalism:     European Alliances: the war were- year 1914 and ended in 1918 the defeatwith of Central powers. The main causes of Discuss the maincauses oftheFirstWorldWar. d) c) b) a) War inEastern Front: d) c) Answer following the indetail The First World War is a turning point in the world history. The warin started the Treaty ofBrest-Litovsk. What wasthetreatysignedbyRussiawithGermanytomaintainpeace? In 1917. When wastheTsaristregimeinRussiaoverthrown? of worst trainedBecause equippedarmy. and notwell Why wasRussiadefeated? Russian forces were defeated by theGermans. Who wasdefeatedandbywhomintheEasternFront? Princip, Serb. aBosnian Who assassinatedhim? 28th June1914. When washeassassinated? Franz Ferdinand. So, Triple Ententewas formed betweenEngland,France andRussia in1907. in1882. Alliance Central namely powers Austria-Hungary, Germany and Italy formed theTriple Europe was dividedintotwoarmedcampssuchasCentral powersandAllies. This type nationalismledthe countries tothewar. ofmilitary forms ofnationalism. England’s jingoism, France’s chauvinism and Germany’s were kultur themilitary The love for onecountrydemanded hatred for anothercountry. of nationalism. The attitude of‘my developed countryright or wrong, thegrowth with I supportit’ The issuesbetweenthetwogroups led totheworldwar. www.kalvikural.com 16 UNIT -I 2. UNIT -I            Immediate cause:       The BalkanIssue:     Aggressive attitudeofGermany: Highlight theprovisions oftheTreaty ofVersailles relatingtoGermany. million pounds tobepaidininstallments.million The reparation commission set up for deciding the compensation decided on 6,600 for thelossessuffered. Germany was found guilty ofstartingthewar and therefore was topay reparations to theallies. Germany was forced to give up the rights all overand titles her overseas possessions but nosubmarinesandairforce. The German army was to to be 100,000 limited men. A navysmall was allowed wasNorthern Schleswig given toDenmarkandsomesmalldistrictsBelgium. and respect theIndependence ofAustria. The union of Austria and Germany was forbidden and Genmany was toacknowledge Alsace -Lorraine was returned toFrance. So, oneafteranother, theEuropean all countriesentered theWar. declared war onRussia. on a rumour that RussiaBased was sending forces to Germanysupport Serbia, Austria saw inthisanopportunity asanindependentstate. toeliminateSerbia 1914 by Princip, serbatSarajevo aBosnian in Bosnia. Franz Ferdinand, the Austrian crown prince/heir was assassinatedon 28th June This was oneofthemostimportantcauseFirstWorld War. War in1913. Regarding War this issue, the FirstBalkan was fought. Balkan It led to theSecond There were rivalries countries for amongBalkan thecontrol ofMacedonia. 18th centurymadethecountriestosecedefrom control. its The and political economic instability of the Turkish Empire in the second half of and Macedonia. countries areThe Balkan Greece,Romania, Montenegro,Serbia, Bulgaria, Albania Sea. Black is aregionEuropeBalkans in South-eastern the Mediterranean between and the German interference intheaffairs ofMorocco addedtothebitterness. rankled inthemindsofFrench. France and Germany were theold rivals. memories ofthedefeat Bitter in 1871 Germany’s aggressive toembarkonanaval diplomacymadeBritain race. The Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II ofGermany was ruthlesslyassertive and aggressive. www.kalvikural.com 17 G anga

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 4. 3. G anga    1946. between First World War. It was formed in the year 1920 and settled a number of disputes failure?     Lenin’s leadership:      Failure ofprovincialgovernment:     Provincial Government: 1917. solve theproblems and control the people. So, he abdicated thethrone on March 15, Russians to start a protestagainst the Tsar Nich0las II. The emperor was unable to Estimate Explain thecourseofRussianRevolutionunder theleadershipofLenin. The League ofNationswas formed tomaintain peace in the the world after The defeat of Russia in the FirstWorld War and economic crisis led the The Bolshevik PartyThe Bolshevik was renamed theRussian CommunistParty. On workers andrevolutionary troops, On Nov. 7, 1917, thekey government buildings were seized by armedfactory immediate revolution. In Oct. 1917, Central Lenin persuaded theBolshevik Committeeto decideon failed. Kerensky whobecame thePrimeMinister and attempted tocrushtheprotest Trotsky wholedtheMenshevikswas alsoarrested. The government except arrested Bolsheviks all Leninwhowas hidinginFinland. This intensifiedtherisingPetrograd. ledtheprotest. TheBolsheviks redistribution oflandandit decidedtocontinuetheFirstWorld War. The provincial government postponedadecision on the demand it for the the Soviets. Those in the Duma were able to form a provincial government theconsentof with orSoviet.council Another one was a group of workers’ delegatesdrawnin together a workers’ One was ofoldstateDuma,comprisingpropertied thepoliticians classes. There were twoparallel bodiestotake ongovernment functions. The Rhinelandwas tobeoccupied by theAllies. independent. The former Russianof Finland, Estonia, Latvia territories and Lithuania were tobe (Bulgaria). Germany was forced torevoke theTreaty ofBrest-Litovsk (Russia) and Bucharest the www.kalvikural.com

1920 the next work and day, done 1925. a new by Communist Unfortunately, the League 18 Government of the Nations, League was pointing of in office Nations out in the Russia finally reasons under dissolved UNIT -I for Lenin. its in

2. 1. VIII UNIT -I attempted bythestudents. battle countries thatwereengagedintheWar.         Reasons forfailure:      Achievements oftheLeague: An assignmentsoldiers or aprojectworktheroleofIndian in different on Students canbetaughttomark battles the placesof and the capital cities the of Activity League. League was the brainchild of Wilson who could not convince his country tojoin the were not enthusiastic. and FranceLeague. Britain were the only major powers to act decisively. both But of ItalyJapan The dictators and Germany refused tobebound by theordersof the couldnotbeappliedThe principleof“collective inactualpractice. security’ The founders of this peace organisation underestimated thepotential of nationalism. It couldnotenforce power. decisionsbecauseofthelackmilitary its The unanimity ofmemberswas required for issues. itsdecisionsonpolitical all European diplomacy. Though had a it worldwide membership, becamevery it much the centre of The League appeared to be an organisation of the victorious in the FirstWorld War. Council. Thereafter, Germany joined the League and was given a on permanent seat the Western Europe. Germany, France, guaranteedand Italy mutually GreatBritain, Belgium, in peace The League was successful in signing of the Locarno Treaty in 1925. this By treaty, and decidedthatGreece was topay reparations. Bulgaria, The third dispute was between Greecein 1925. and GreeceBulgaria invaded and Germany inUpperSilesia. Itwas successfully resolved by theLeague. In the following year, the League was asked to settle thefrontier betweenPoland Sweden’s eastcoast.TheLeagueruledthattheislandsshouldgotoFinland. the Aaland Islands. These islands are Finland’s between situated coast and west In 1920, a dispute arose betweenSweden and Finland over thesovereignty of fields across theglobeand and the www.kalvikural.com League ordered (SELF ACTIVITY) (SELF ACTIVITY) the casualties a 19 ceasefire. After they suffered investigation during it blamed G the Warbe anga Greece

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY G IX Map Work anga

1. Mark the following countries on the world map. i) Great Britain ii) Germany iii) France iv) Italy v) Morocco vi) Turkey www.kalvikural.com vii) Serbia viii) Bosnia ix) Greece x) Austria-Hungary xi) Bulgaria xii) Rumania

N W E S

AUSTRIA - HUNGARY 20 BELGIUM RUSSIA GREAT BRITAIN CANADA GERMANY BOSNIA FRANCE SERBIA ITALY TURKEY JAPAN MOROCCO GREECE

INDIA AFRICA

AUSTRALIA UNIT -I NEW ZEALAND

Not to Scale UNIT -I X Time Line Time 1920 1915 1910 www.kalvikural.com Formation ofLeagueNations(1920) Treaty ofVersailles (1919 End oftheWorld War I(1918) Russian Revolution (1917) Out break ofWorld War I(1914) Time Line XG DFD 21 GW 1 Unit=5years Scale G anga

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. G I

HISTORY anga c) Ans a) : c) a) c) a) c) a) America c) a) c) a) c) a) Which quickened the Which quickened process ofliberationinLatin America? Who was thebrainbehind theapartheidpolicy inSouthAfrica? Which partoftheworld dislikeddollarimperialism? Which Who madePeruaspart oftheirdominions? With whose conquesttheMexicancollapsed? With whom ofthefollowingwassignedLateran TreatybyItaly? Choose the Correct Choosethe Answer Simon Boliver’s involvement Support ofUS Herzog Verwoerd India Europe Woodrow Wilson Roosevelt Russians English Toussaint Louverture Hernan Cortes Pope Germany UNIT 2 President www.kalvikural.com of the THE WORLD BETWEEN USA TWO WORLD WARS BOOK EXERCISEBOOK pursued d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) French Revolution Napoleonic Invasion Botha Smut China Latin America Eisenhower Truman French Spaniards Pedro I Francisco Pizarro Spain Russia 22 “Good Neighbour” b) NapoleonicInvasion Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : c) Pope a) Verwoerd b) LatinAmerica a) Roosevelt b) Spaniards a) HernanCortes policy towards UNIT -II

Latin 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. Thefirst 11. At 10. WhopropagatedNazi Party’sideology? 9. 8. UNIT -II c) a) c) a) c) a) D’Annunzio. c) a) ______. c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) intervention intheaffairsofLatinAmerica In 1923, ______organisedtheFascistMarch toRome. In ______, theFascist Partywasformed. In 1919, a miniature Fascist state was set up in______by the Italian poet The In 1931 general election, ______Partywas defeatedinEngland. Name the Hitler Stalin 1919 1917 Fiume Berlin Turkey Germany Labour Communist November 18 October 2 England Soviet Union Heydrich Himmler Eisenhower Theodore Roosevelt first the end hugeStockMarketcrashoccurredinAmerica on______1929. country President of the First in www.kalvikural.com who Western World ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS made War, Europe amendment d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) ______Mussolini Lenin 1920 1918 Rome Danzig Italy Greece Democratic Conservative July 14 October 24 France America D’Annunzio Goebbels Truman Woodrow Wilson 23 to Ans : turn to a) TheodoreRoosevelt against

Munro was financially doctrine Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: the c)1919 old b) Goebbels d) Mussolini c) Fiume d) Italy c) Labour b) October24 b) America in to ruling a justify sound G regime American anga position. was

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 25. 24. 24. 23. 22. 21. 20. 19. 18. 17. G anga c) a) Italy. c) a) Party in______. c) a) permitted theformationofaUnionParliament atCapeTown. c) a) be dividedintospheresofinfluencevariouscolonialpowers. c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) Workers’ Party. c) a) c) a) Apartheid The SouthAfrica Act was passed by the British Parliament in ______which 1884-85 The Berlin of Colonialconference had resolved that ______should Ho ChiKinhorganised the ofVietnam League forthe Independence called _____. Hindenburg, thePresident ofGermanydiesinAugust ______. During WorldWarI,Hitler servedinthe______army. Seven The Treaty ofVersailles causedacutediscontent andhardshipin______. The Lateran Treaty between Mussolini and CatholicPopewas signed in______. (the Leader), AssumingDuce Mussolini the title became II the ______of of Dictator Prime Minister 1950 1920 1919 1919 Africa England Viet minh Kuo Mingtang 1933 1931 Bavarian Munich Rome Munich Austria Italy 1927 1929 men www.kalvikural.com which met means in ______separateness d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) and Emperor President 1957 1947 1930 1935 France India Communist Bolsheviks 1934 1932 Italian Berlin Berlin Versailles Bulgaria Germany 1926 1928 24 became founded the the racial Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: National policy c)Africa d)1934 a)Munich b) Germany a) 1929 c) Dictator b) 1947 a) 1909 c) VietMinh c) Bavarian socialist o the Nationalist UNIT -II German 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Thefightforindependenceintensifiedwiththe 30. 29. 28. 27. NelsonMandela became thefirstblackpresident of______. 26. II UNIT -II rest oftheworldwas ______. its Ans: c) a) c) a) c) a) of ______. c) a) colonial control. c) a) in Italy. ______, a leader socialist who questioned fairness of the elections was murdered AtWorld theend of the First War, America was themoneylenderto world and the were also known as_ Boers ______were nations. amilitary The ANC leader NelsonMandelawas putbehindthe barsfor ______years. The Union Africa ofSouth cameintobeinginMay ______. The Secret StatePolice inNaziGermany was known as______. The Vietnam NationalistParty was formed in______. The Nazi Party’s propaganda was ledby ______. The founder De ofSocial Haitian people gottheir independencefromthe colonialcontrolof______. Pendro Irenouncingthe claim of Portuguese throne declaring the independence ______Fill in the blanks inthe Fill 1825 1805 USA France Brazil Argentina Haiti Cuba Mexico AfricaSouth is the www.kalvikural.com first ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS mocratic Party was ______. Caribbean ______. d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) 1835 1815 Germany England Columbia Peru West Indies Barbados India Egypt country 25 to throw fallofNapoleonin______. Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: off Ans: slavery c)Brazil a)France c) Haiti a) SouthAfrica b) 1815 Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ferdinand Lassalle Matteotti. TheAztecs and Debtor Afrikaners 27 years 1927 Josef Goebbels Ans: Ans: G the anga Gestapo 1910. French

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 26. 25. 24. 23. 22. 21. 21. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. G anga Ans: Ans: Incan Empire. Ans: ______. Ans: in______1932. economic summit Ans: Ans: Ans: in 1887. Ans: Ans: ______. Socialism. democracy inGermany. Ans: The famous conquistador (conqueror) of Spaniard ______led the conquestof The descendentsoforiginalDutchsettlers Africa ofSouth were ______called The interior of Africa was unknown to theoutside world until the lastquarterof The Government ofIndia Actof1935introduced ______inIndia. Bilateral trade wereand memberstates its treaties signed at an betweenBritain In 1919, the Government ofIndia Actintroduced ______inIndia. The mainstream party political inIndo-China was the______. ______istheplace from theIndo-Chinese leader HoChiMinhwas emerged. Indo-China had discontentright shown fromits the beginning of ______occupation The Nazisusedtheterm______for JewsinEurope. of 6 million killing The Germansecret policewas formed andrunby ______. “AnyThe statement was said by liefrequently repeated gain ultimately belief” will Hitler known as ______The of Hitler Nazi broughtstate an end to theParliamentary President ofGermany ______asChancellor designated Hitler in1933. During his timeinprison, wrote Hitler ______. abookcalled In ______, Hitlerabortively attempted tocapture thepowerinBavaria. replaced www.kalvikural.com the flag of the Ans: Weimar Republic 26 by Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: the Tongking ______Josef Goebbels. Swastika Third reich Von Hindenburg. Mein Kampf(Mystruggle) 1923. Franscisco Pizarro Boers Nineteenth century. Direction elections Ottawa Dyarchy Vietnam NationalistParty. French The FinalSolution Himmler banners UNIT -II of National 3. 2. ThebanonAfrican NationalCongresswas iv) (T) Thefirsthugemarket crashintheUSoccurred on24October1929. iii) 1. 29. 28. 27. III UNIT -II c) b) a) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion d) c) b) a) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion d) c) b) a) the internalaffairs ofany state. of liberation strugglein ______. d) ii) i) Franklin Roosevelt in his ______policy agreed that theUS would not intervene in From ______, Cuba was rule. underUSmilitary The Napoleonic invasion of Spain and Portugal in 1808 in 1808 quickened theprocess Choose the Correct Choosethe Statement Both AandRareBoth wrong A isrightbutRnotthecorrect reason AandRareBoth right R isrightbutit hasnorelevance toA AandRareBoth wrong A isrightbutRnotthecorrect explanation AandRareBoth correct i), iii) andiv)are correct iii) andiv)are correct iii) iscorrect i) andii) are correct A iswrong but Rhasnorelevance toA occupied ontheSouthernFront. Germany tookto Fascismmuchlaterthan Italy. During WorldWar I,the primary task Italy of was to keepthe Austrians : :

aid tothedebtorcountries. protectionism affectedtheworldtrade. was indefianceofthisresolution. colonial powers. Africa This was because the USA was not willing to provide economic A new wave of economicnationalism which expressed itself in The war between the British and Boers in SouthAfrica, however, The Berlin Colonial Conference of1884–85 had resolved that www.kalvikural.com should Ans: be b) AisrightbutR notthecorrectexplanation divided 27 (T) into liftedin1966.(F) spheres Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: (T) d) i),iii)andiv)arecorrect a) BothAandRareright of “GoodNeighbour” 1898to1902 South America influence G of anga various

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. G anga a) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion c) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion c) a) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion c) a) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion c) a) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion c) a) Both AandRareBoth right Both AandRareBoth wrong Both AandRareBoth wrong AandRareBoth right AandRareBoth wrong AandRareBoth right AandRareBoth wrong AandRareBoth right AandRareBoth wrong AandRareBoth right www.kalvikural.com : : : : :

TheNaziparty’spropagandawasledbyHimmler.

the Vaticanasanindependentstate. over theRoamCatholicchurch. of twolargeGermanbanks. countries. was itsdebtor. sound position. popularly iskownasSaltSathyagraha. as amilitantmassmovement... In 1929, he signedthe Lateran Treaty with Pope andrecognised Mussolini solved a long standing dispute with Papacy andwon Hitler wrote‘DasCapital’whenhewasinprison. The stoppage of loans to Germany by America led to the failure The Depression the changed political conditions inseveral America was the moneylenderthe rest world totheworldand of At Gandhiji announced the Gandhiji announced Civil Disobedience Movement which The the 1930s ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS end saw of the b) d) d) b) d) b) d) b) Ans: the Ans: b A isrightbutRnotthereason A iswrong andRhasnorelevance toA. A iswrong andRhasnorelevance toA. A isrightbutRnotthereason A iswrong andRhasnorelevance toA A isrightbutRnotthecorrect reason A iswrong andRhasnorelevance toA. A isrightbutRnotthecorrect reason 28 World emergence b) AisrightbutRnotthecorrectreason d) b) ) AisrightbutRnot the rightreason A iswrong and Rhasnorelevance toA. A isrightbut Risnottherightreason War of I, Ans: Ans: Ans: the America c) BothAandRarewrong Indian a) BothAandRareright a) BothAandRareright was National financially UNIT -II Congress in a (T) 12. Theprematurelaunch oftheNationalRevolution landedhiminprison. (T) iii) 1. (T) Thefinancial costoftheparticipationinwar washugefortheItalians.(T) i) 10. iv) iii) On steeply. i) 9. UNIT -II c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) iv) iii) ii) i) iv) ii) i) iv) iii) ii) ii) ii) andiii) are correct i) andii) are correct iv) iscorrect i) andii) are correct iv) iscorrect i) andii) are correct iv) iscorrect i) andii) are correct The The (T) abroad. sound. stocks. There wereguerrilla activitiesinTokyoagainst theBritishforces. In 1916,therewas amajoranti-colonialrevolt whichwascrushedbrutally. ofpresentCambodia, Indo-China consists Laos andVietnam. Indo-China wasunderthecontrolBritain. During histimein prison,hewrotehisautobiography –‘Swastika’.(F) In 1933,Hitlerattempted tocapturethepower inBavaria.(F) During FirstWorld War,Hitlerservedinthe Bavarianarmy.(T) People welcomed therulersofItalyfor appreciationatVersailles. The war resulted in theeconomicas well as theindustrial growth inItaly.(F) After thewar,in the sharingofthespoils, Italy gotless thansheexpected. More and more people begantosell their shares and disposeoftheir 24 stock American Oct. (T) (F) (T) market 1929, www.kalvikural.com financiers crash the price made were d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) of i), ii) andiv)are correct i) andiii) are correct i), ii) andiv)are correct i) andiii) are correct i), ii) andiv)are correct i) andiii) are correct i), ii) andiv)are correct i) andiii) are correct 29 the shares forces American to in

the recall Ans:

banks New Ans: Ans: Ans: (F) d) i),ii)andiv)arecorrect their c) ii)andiii)arecorrect York b) i)andiii)arecorrect a) i)andii)arecorrect financially own Stock funds (T) G Market strong anga invested (F) (F) and fell

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 1. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. G IV V anga    What doyouknowoftheWhiteTerrorinIndo-China? African National Congress SathyagrahaSalt Chancellor became Hitler Versailles Treaty Economic Depression Good Neighbourpolicy imperialism Dollar Pedro I Nelson Boers Versailles Ho ChiMinh Jews shirtsBrown Duce Matteotti Third Reich Hindenburg Tongking Transvaal Answer briefly Following Match the This was followed by alarge scale peasant revolt ledby theCommunists. Vietnam. In 1929, there was a failed attempt toassassinatethe French Governor General in The VietnamesesoldiersmutiniedagainsttheFrench occupation oftheircountry.

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ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS ------Ans: 16-e,17c, 18-d,19b,20a Ans: 11-b,12d, 13-e,14a,15c Ans: 6-b,7d,8 c,9-e,10a Ans: 1-d,2e,3 a,4-b,5c e) d) c) b) a) e) d) c) b) a) e) Vietnam d) c) b) a) e) d) c) Italy b) a) 1929 1933 1919 1930 1912 Brazil AfricaSouth Franklin Roosevelt Dutch settlers America Hitler’s army Concentration camps Mussolini Treaty activities Guerilla Gold Hitler Germany 30 UNIT -II 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. UNIT -II                      How didGreatDepression impactonIndianAgriculture? Point outtheessence oftheBerlinColonialConference, 1884-85. What was theresultof Mussolini’smarchonRome? Explain theMonroeDoctrine. Discuss the importance ofOttavaEconomicSummit. The value offarm products was by declined half. resolution. The divided intospheres ofinfluencevarious colonialpowers. Colonial ConferenceThe Berlin of1884-85 had resolved thatAfrica should be European colonizationbeganafter1875. 19th century. The interior ofAfrica was unknown to theoutside world until the last quarter of New roads, bridgesandcanalswere constructed. He passedalaw forbidding strikes andlockouts. Immediately, hebannedopposition partiesandcensored thepress. form agovernment. In 1922, October organised Fascist March on Rome. The King invited Mussolini to America. This threat frightened the European powers and kept themaway from South would amounttowaging awar againsttheUnited States. It declared Europeansthat if interfered anywhere in America, north or south, it Munroe, the President of the USA, then came up hiswith famous Munroe doctrine. oftheEuropeanSome kings supported theking of Spain to crushtherevolutionaries. Napoleon in1815 The goods. non imperial(British) that, By the participants (including India)agreed to give preference to imperial over were signedataneconomicsummit inOttawa in1932. Bilateral trade Empire and of theBritish the memberstates treatiesBritain between transmittedBritain theeffects ofDepression colonies. toits business. The Great Depression of1929 tradehad a disastrous impact on British and This isknownas‘White Terror inIndo-china. The revolt was crushedandthousands ofrebels were killed. At same time,thelandrent tobepaidby thepeasantsremained unchanged. war fight between for independence www.kalvikural.com the British in and South 31 Boers America in south was Africa intensified was in with defiance G the anga of fall this of

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 11. Define:Fascism. 10. 9. Imperialism”. Define“Dollar 8. 7. G anga               Write repercussion ofEconomicDepressioninpolitics. What isGold Standard? Explain thereasonfor theSmuts–Herzogalliance. The Depression inseveral changedthepoliticalconditions countries. of gold. Countries carried avalue directly linked togold. Gold Standard whereis a monetary system a country’s currency orpapermoney Imperialism. Dollar called communism, pumped into in the Europeandollars 13 million economy. So, is it It was coined by the Soviet Union. When the USA plan as a part ofits to contain and dominatingover distantlandsthrough economic aid. ImperialismDollar is used the term to describethepolicy of theUSA in maintaining Therefore, was analliance formed betweenSmutsandHerzog. required tosolve thecountry’s economicproblems. AfricaSmuts, the leaderofSouth Party believed government that a coalition was formed by Herzog. In this labour situation, withdrew support given its to the National Party which was Africa. The world economic depression brought unemployment and bankruptcy toSouth internal economy. The great fall in prices prompted Indian nationalists todemand protection for the reserves tosubsistandsurvive. Farmers and Indian manufacturers therefore had their gold to sell and silver society. dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition and strong regimentation of Fascism is a form of radical ultra-nationalism,authoritarian characterized by years aftertheDepression. the Depression was rejectedby thepeople in successive electionsfor about twenty In the USA, the Republican Party which had taken credit for theboom proceeding at theendof1931. In England, the Labour Party was defeated in the general election that took place www.kalvikural.com in the Gold ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS Standard agreed 32 to convert paper money into a fixed UNIT -II amount a) Define theconceptofdecolonisation. 1. 13. 12. WhatwastheattitudeofNazipartytowardsJews? VI UNIT -II             d)  c) b) Anti-Colonial Struggle inIndo-China Write anote onAztecs. Answer questions allthe given undereach caption Which was Which the mainstream political party and what was its the nature of the Communist the spirit ideas anti-colonialism? How did help indeveloping of What werethethreeStatesthatformedIndo-China? composition? control over theircoloniestotheindigenousnationalist governments. It isaprocess through which colonial transferredpowers and institutional legal Cambodia, Laos andVietnam.     perished. The whole Mexican civilisation and collapsed the great city of Tenochtitlan also The wholeempire whentheSpaniards collapsed underHernanCortesattacked. In the16thcentury(around 1519),theAztecswere attheheightoftheirpower. and AztecexistedinCentral andSouthAmerica. Before thediscovery of America, there were three civilizations such as Maya, Inca Later, thousandsofJewswere by killed theNaziParty. force labour. They were senttoconcentration camps where theJewswere interred and used as Jewish businesseswere closeddownandtheirestablishment were attacked. universities anddeprived ofcitizenship. The Jewswere removed from thegovernment excluded positions, from the The Naziparty followed apolicy ofrepression towards Jews. in 1945. Mussolini is the founder of Fascism World the end of Second which lasted till War It cametoprominence inearly20thcenturyEurope. It was composedofthe wealthy andmiddleclass sectionsofthepopulation. The mainstream party political inIndo-China was theVietnamNationalParty. the colonialpower. They ofanti-colonialism. spirit Spread ofCommunist ideas from China was themajorcausein developing the also convinced www.kalvikural.com that the considerable 33 wealth of India-China was G anga benefiting

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 4. 3. b) How didHoChiMinhbecomeapopularVietnamNationalist? 2. G anga 

c) b) a) Economic Depression: d)  c) b) a)  Political development inSouthAmerica. d) c) a) Ho ChiMinh. What happedonthatdayinthesharemarket? When didthehugecrashoccur? What wastheconditionofAmericaatend of theWorldWarI? The Great Depression. What madeoligarchicregimesunpopularinSouthAmerica? In 1898. In whichyearwasCubaoccupiedbytheUSA? Five republics. How manyrepublicscameintobeingfromtheCentralAmerica? 1830, the Americabecamefree.By wholeofSouth domination? South AmericaBy whichyear the wholeof did become freefromEuropean Viet Minh. How wastheLeagueforIndependencecalledinIndo-China? What doyouknowofHoChiMinh’sRevolutionaryYouthMovement? he becamevery popular. In 1929, a large scalepeasantrevolt led by HoChi Minh. Even was though it afailure, He was bornin Tongking. Where wasHoChiMinhborn? The pricesofshares inthe New York StockMarket fell steeply. The firsthuge crash occurred on24Oct.1929. America was in financially   Itwas aforerunner ofVietnamesecommunistParty. 1925 by HoChiMinhinVietnam. The Vietnam Revolutionary Youth League was a radical organization founded in www.kalvikural.com ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS a sound position. 34 UNIT -II b) Name thetwoindependentBoerstates. 7. theSecretpoliceofHitler. c) Name 6. 5. UNIT -II  there weredispose oftheirstocks.But, nobuyers. d) c) a) Boer Wars: d) b) a) Hitler: d) c) b) a) Mussolini: d) When wastheBoerswarfought? How didtheytheBritishminerswhosettledin anaroundJohannesburg? Who weretheBoers? Who selectedandcontrolledthebodyguardofHitler? In 1933. When didHitlerbecometheChancellorofGermany? Von Hindenburg. Who wasthePresidentofGermany? The march was asuccessful one.Thekinginvited Mussolini toform agovernment. What wastheresultofhismarch? In October1923 When didheorganizetheFascistMarchonRome? socialistviews. with He What didhequalify? smith Black What washisfather? This discouraged the people. More and more people their sharesbegan to sell and What wastheattitudeofpeople? The Dutch settlers Africa. ofSouth Himmer. Gestapo. The Boer WarThe Boer lastedfor three years from 1899to1902. (foreigners).Uitlanders Transvaal and Orange Free State. was qualified as www.kalvikural.com an elementary school 35 master. In the end, he became G a anga journalist

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 2. 1. G VII anga  The factors whichledtotheriseofHitlerinGermany were-  India andthegreatdepression:     Lack ofmeasurestoindustrialiseIndia:    Government IndiaActof1919: of the FirstWorld War in 1914 brought about rapid as economic political as changes. well This process the launch stated with of theSwadeshi Movement in 1905. The outbreak India duringtheinter-warperiod(1919-39).       Attempt a narrative account ofhowthe process of decolonizationhappenedin Trace the circumstances thatledtotheriseof Hitler inGermany. The decolonization processin India started from the beginning of the20th century. Answer following the indetail There was no changeinthecolonialeconomicpolicy. decided toboycott thelegislature. The Indian National Congress rejectedthe arrangements under Dyarchy and certain portfolios under Transferred subjects. It provided for provincialelected as for as assemblies well Indian ministers tohold The Government India Actof1919introduced Dyarchy inIndia. turn againsttheRepublican Government. The Great Depression further deepened their frustration and prompted them to to thepatrioticcitizens ofGermany. Germany’s defeat and humiliation at theend of World War I caused a deep shock the government were mainly responsible for downfall of nation and Germany’s defeat. This was utilized by reactionary forces to spread the idea that and Socialists Jews in and hardship. The reparations and other clausesin the Treaty of Versailles causedacutediscontent The Germanpeoplewere demoralized. intheFirstWorldBut, War, Germany was defeated. cultural accomplishments. Before the First World War, Germany reached the peak of economic, and political Empire were signed. Bilateral trade and of the member the British states treaties between theBritish tostateintervention.hostile However, this policy was soon abandoned because many wereenterprises British technical adviceandeducation. in the case of indigenousBut industries, support was only in the form of providing industry by purchasing contracts. The Government India provided ofBritish incentives for iron and theBritish steel www.kalvikural.com 36 UNIT -II 3. UNIT -II             Government IndiaActof1935:     Impact ondepressionIndianAgriculture:     Describe theriseand growthofnationalistpolitics in SouthAfrica. By the Actof1924,By blacks were not permitted tojoin trade unions, voting right was composed mainlyofwhite minerswontheelection. In 1924 election, the National Party thesupportofLabour movement with Party. At dominated Unionist thisjunctureParty theBritish merged Africa theSouth with Party nowledby Smutssecured forth oneseats. In the 1920 election, theNational Party gained forty four Africaand the South seats a section military of Africathe South But, Party formed the National Party under Herzog. cooperation theBritish. with The Africa and the South by Party the British which had largely Afrikaners (Boers). There were two main partiespolitical such as The Unionist Party which was dominated Union ofSouthAfrica inMay 1910. The Four –Natal,Cape Colony, states Orange Free and TransvaalState formed into Union Parliament atCapeTown. ParliamentIn 1909, the British Africa passed theSouth Actand provided for a the Congress ministriesinprovinces, forced thelatter toresign from office. to involveThe decision of Britain India worldWar,in the Second consulting without victory inmostoftheprovinces. In the electionsheld under this Act, the Indian National Congress won a resounding of direction elections. This Act provide for greater powerofthelocal governments and the introduction internal economy. The great fall in prices prompted Indian nationalists todemand protection for the reserves tosubsist andsurvive. Farmers and Indian manufacturers therefore had their gold to sell and silver At sametime,thelandrent tobepaidby thepeasantsremained unchanged. The value offarm products was by declined half. rule. agitationagainstBritish It intensifiedthepolitical between thecolonialgovernment anditssubjects. The currency exchange government policy pursued by the British fuelled tensions The government India raised ofBritish revenue tariffs intheDepression years. overimperial goods(British) non-imperialgoods. thetreaties,By theparticipants(including India) agreed togive preference to abolished anddeniedall rights. first Prime www.kalvikural.com Minister, Botha belonged 37 to the South African Party G anga ruled in

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 2. 1. G VIII IX anga in 1929. section of populationinthe USA came to be affected by the Stock Market Crash by theVietnamesebeprepared. portraying the air attacks of the US onVietnam and the brave resistance put up A group project work onVietnam War is desirable. An album or pictures, studentEach canbeaskedtowrite an assignmenthow eachsector onandeach Time Line Time Activity 1935 1930 1925 1920 www.kalvikural.com Mussolini invaded Ethiopia(1935) of Germany becametheChancellor Hitler (1933) The Great Depression (1929) Formation ofVietnamNationalist Party (1927) Mussolini’s march toRome. (1922) Time Line XG (Self Activity)(Self Activity)(Self DFD 38 GW 1 Unit=5years Scale UNIT -II . Whenwas theCharter oftheUNsigned? 7. 6. 5. Wheredid theUSdropitsfirstatomicbomb? 4. Wherewas theJapanese Navydefeatedbythe 3. Whoinitiated theformation ofLeagueNations? 2. 1. UNIT -III I HISTORY c) a) c) Ans: a) c) a) c) a) c) Ans: a) c) a) c) Ans: a)

Which PrimeMinister MunichPactwith Germany? ofEnglandwhosignedthe Who were mainlypersecuted byHitler? When didtheJapanese formallysignoftheirsurrender? Choose the Correct Choosethe Answer January 1,1942 June 26,1942 Lloyd George Chamberlain Turks Russians Hiroshima Kavashaki Battle ofLeningrad Battle ofGuadalcanal Woodrow Wilson Roosevelt 12 September, 1945 2 September, 1945 UNIT 3 www.kalvikural.com BOOK EXERCISEBOOK WORLD WAR II d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b)

January 1,1945 June 26,1945 Stanley Baldwin Winston Churchill Jews Arabs Nagasaki Innoshima Battle ofElAlamein Battle ofMidway Baldwin Chamberlain 12 October, 1945 2 October, 1945 39 Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: USNavy? b)June26,1945 a) Chamberlain d) Jews c) Hiroshima b) BattleofMidway c) WoodrowWilson a) 2September,1945 G anga

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 17. 16. TheNational Socialist 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. Thefirst 10. 9. 8. G

anga Who wasthe PrimeMinister ofEnglandwhosignedthe MunichPact withGermany? c) a) c) a) c) a) and Germany. c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) than thepreviousone. c) a) c) a) Japan invaded______in1931. Mussolini’s______invasion of resulted in better relationship between Italy Adolf Hitlerwasgifted withgreat______skill. The British economywascrippledbytheGeneral Strikeof______. After the FirstWorld War, theGermansoffered topay______goldmarks. The Where is theheadquarter oftheInternational Court ofJusticelocated? London New York Manila Manchuria Somaliland Egypt Fascist Communist Oratorical Writing 1928 1926 100 billion 25 billion Four Double 19th century 18th century Lloyd George Chamberlain human halfofthe______centurywitness twomajorglobalwars. www.kalvikural.com and financial ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS Partygenerallyknownas the______. cost of d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) the h Hague The Chicago Myanmar Mongolia Morocco Ethiopia National Party Nazis Player Acting 1929 1927 10 billion 50 billion Five Three 21 century 20th century Stanley Baldwin Winston Churchill 40 World War II was Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: ______b) 20thcentury a) Chamberlain d) TheHague a) Manchuria b) Ethiopia b) Nazis c) Oratorical a) 1926 c) 100billion d) Five time UNIT -III higher . ______isadevice 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 24. 23. 22. 21. 20. Now,the 19. 18.  UNIT -III II by somany tosofew”. Ans: c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) Hiroshima. c) a) independence. c) a) c) a) ______withoutwarning. .Ans: Saluting the bravery of the ______Churchill said that “Never was so much owed PrimeMinister______resignedBritain in1940. ______startedtheLendLease programme. betweenItaly,The alliance Germany andJapanis known as______. attackedHitler ______whichwas zone. ademilitarised of‘LendThe programme Lease’wasstartedby thePresident______. At thetime WorldWar,Russiawasruled ofSecond by______. Hitler committed suicide in______. The Japanese refused tosurrender and ______an atomic bomb on dropped After In Dec. 1941, the Japan attacked American naval base in Pearl Harbour, Fill in the blanks inthe Fill Stalin Roosevelt Mussolini Lenin November 1945 April 1945 Kingdom United China India Burma 156 201 Malaysia Hawaii the UnitedNations has______member states. Second World www.kalvikural.com usedtofindouttheenemies aircraft from adistance. War, ______d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) Churchill Lenin Hitler Stalin June 1945 May 1945 Russia States United Malaysia Sri Lanka 198 193 Hongkong China 41 was Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis the Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: first b)193 c) India a) Hawaii Royal AirForce Chamberlain President Roosevelt a) Roosevelt b) Stalin a) April1945 b) UnitedStates Radar Ans: country Rhineland G to anga achieve

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 22. 21. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12.  11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 23. G anga Ans: Ans: Ans: ______. fanatic War followers. played amajorrole. I. Germans. USA andtheotheronewas ______. Ans: El AlameininNorthAfrica. as the______. overrun power. them. Ans: Ans: ______articles. The world was polarised into two main blocs led by super powers. One was led by the Mussolini was in______towards killed theend oftheWar by Italianpartisans. forcesThe Allied under General ______defeatedthe German and Italian forcesas In Sep. 1940, London was bombed by airforce theGerman mercilessly, an action known armyThe German followedof ‘______’into various atactictostorm countries and the mainland 1941, all By of Europe the Russian till frontier was under the ______World War IIwas fought ontwodistinctfronts –Europe andthe______. In 1940, ______became thePrimeMinisterof England. In 1939, the Soviet Union independentlyconcluded a______pactwith Germany. In 1938, Prime Minister Chamberlainconcludedthe ______withGermany. Mussolini’s invasion of Ethiopia resulted in better relationship Italy and between cametopowerin ______Hitler and ruled Germany group asmall 1945 with of till ______In the formation of League of Nations,______, the President States oftheUnited WorldAfter the War II,______was voted intopowerinGreat Britain. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights set forth fundamental human rights in Apart from Jews, the ______were in also killed the concentration camps by the www.kalvikural.com experience ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

both high unemployment 42 Ans: Ans: Ans: and severe Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: 1933 Woodrow Wilson SovietUnion inflation Germany Romani gypsies. April 1945 Montgomery The Blitz Lightning strike Axis Asia Pacific Winston Churchill Non aggression Munich Pact Germany Ans: Labour Party 30 after UNIT -III the World ii) 5. 4. 3. 2. (F) TheUnitedNations hascurrently129member countriesinit. iv) 1. III UNIT -III c) Ans: a) c) Ans: a) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion c) Ans: a) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion c) Ans: a) i) iv) iii)  ii) i) iii) ii) i) Choose the Correct Choosethe Statement ii), iii) andiv)are correct i) andii) are correct AandRareBoth wrong AandRareBoth correct AandRareBoth wrong AandRareBoth correct iii) andiv)are correct i) andii) are correct Ethiopia interventionist attitude.(T) Asian politics.(F) help. (F) Italy invadedEthiopia in1935andAlbania in1939.(T) The Leagueremained anineffectualinternational body.(T) The other Allied nations were also determined to maintain a non- United Statesdid notbecomeamemberof theLeague.(T) The United States was not interested in playing a global role or any role in In theconcentration campsJewswerekilled. Hitler persecuted theJews. Banking wasamajor businessactivityamong Jews. appealed : :

Germans. change itspolicyofisolation. Bombing failedbecauseofthetopsecretdevice ‘radar’. In 1940, and other London industrial cities were bombed by the He startedaprogrammeofLendLeasein1941. President Roosevelt realised that the United States had to www.kalvikural.com ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS to the United d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) i) iscorrect andii),iii) andiv)are wrong i), ii) andiii)are correct R isrightbutit hasnorelevance toA A isrightbutRnotthecorrect reason R isrightbutit hasnorelevance toA A isrightbutRnotthecorrect reason i) iscorrect andii),iii) andiv)are wrong i) andiii)are correct b)Aisrightbut Risnotthecorrectreason 43 Nations (T) c) ii),iii) andiv)arecorrect Organisations a)BothAandRarecorrect a) i)andii)arecorrect (F) (T) but did G not anga get any

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 9. 8. TheCharterofthe United Nationswassigned ontheJanuary1,1941.(F) iv) Itwasaccepted iii) i) 7. (T) ThesecondonewasdroppedonNagasaki. iv) 6. G anga Ans: c) Ans: a) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion c) Ans: a) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion c) Ans: a) c) Ans: a) ii) iii) ii) i) iv) iii) Both AandRareBoth wrong AandRareBoth correct AandRareBoth wrong AandRareBoth correct i) andiv)are correct i) andii) are correct i) andiv)are correct i) andii) are correct The Charter. Britain. (T) conventional explosives. In 1941, The USAandBritain issued a joint declaration known as the Atlantic Finally, theUSdropped anatomicbombonHiroshima. The Chinesegeneralsrefusedtosurrender inthewar. The Russians developed anatomic bomb immensely more powerful that In 1937,Japaninvaded ChinaandseizedBeijing. (T) In theEast,China persuadedthepolicyof expansion. (F) www.kalvikural.com first : (T) :

initiative destroyed. Harbour. countries. In Dec. 1941, In America attacked Japanese naval base in Pearl The Second World War The Secondbroughta lot of wealth to West European All thecountriesinWesternEuropearenowwelfare states. Many by allthemembercountries oftheUNO.(F) Japanese for b) AisrightbutRnot thecorrectreason the (F) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) battleships R isrightbutit hasnorelevance toA A isrightbutRnotthecorrect reason R isrightbutit hasnorelevance toA A isrightbutRnotthecorrect reason iii) andiv)are correct ii) andiii)are correct iii) andiv)are correct ii) andiii)are correct UNO 44 came and from numerous c) BothAandRarewrong d) iii)andiv)arecorrect a) i)andii)arecorrect a) i)andii)arecorrect the (T) (F) United fighter planes States UNIT -III were and

2. 1. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. IV UNIT -III V   The three prominent dictatorsofthePost World War Iwere-    Ans: Ans: Ans:  Who were thethreeprominent dictatorsofthe postWorldWarI? Mention the important clausesoftheTreaty VersaillesrelatingtoGermany. Munich Guadalcanal Stalingrad Hiroshima London World Bank Court ofJustice UN Secretariat Security Council UNO Guadalcanal Volga Lend Lease Royal Navy Blitzkrieg Answer briefly Following Match the Hitler (Germany)Hitler and Mussolini (Italy) nationsasreparationsAllied ofthewar. Germany wasto pay expected for and civilian themilitary of thewarcost tothe (army, navy andairforce). Germany had to disarm and was to retain allowed a very restrictedarmed force German border. Germany was forced to give to the west, north up and territories east of the Franco (Spain).

www.kalvikural.com ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS ------e) Russia d) c) Britain b) a) e) d) c) b) a) e) d) c) b) a) Japan IslandSolomon Germany Secretary General Veto Washington New York The Hague Lightning strike Britain IslandSolomon Stalingrad Roosevelt 45 11 –c,12d, 13–e,14b,15a 6 –b,7d,8 –e,9a,10c 1 –e,2d,3 –a,4b,5c G anga

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 7. Name the BrettonWoods Twins. 6. 5. 4. 3. G anga      Its primaryobjectives are-              What are theobjectives ofIMF? What doyouknowofBeveridgeReport? Describe thePearlHarbour incident. How didHitlergetthe supportfromthepeople ofGermany? The World and the International Bank Monetary Fund are referred as the “Bretton welfare. to overcome poverty and disease which were themajor impediments to general It include care, adequateincome, health education, housing and employment to thecitizens. The Report proposed a ofmeasuresseries which the government should provide Kingdom. the United In 1942, theReportcommonly known as theBeveridge Reportwas published in of socialwelfare schemesinadditionensuringcivil andpolitical rights. WorldAfter the Second War, the countriesadopted a all comprehensive programme the Allies. It brought enormous resources its with States the United into the war asa part of Many battleships andnumerous fighterplaceswere destroyed. –eastAsia. in theSouth The warning. In 1941, Dec. Japan attacked American naval base in Pearl Harbour, Hawaii without pure ‘Aryan’ race andadeephatred oftheJews. his support built on the notion Hitler of theracial superiority of theGermansas a of thepeople. promisingBy a return to the past glories of Germany,military he got the support impassioned speeches. He was greatwith gifted oratorical and was skills able to sway thepeopleby his power. wasHitler thegeneral able toexploit discontent among theGerman and rose to Secure financialstability, To foster globalmonetarycooperation, A countrycannotbeamemberoftheWorld being amemberoftheFund. without Bank are theinstitutions locatedinWashingtonBoth D.C intheUnited States. weretwo institutions These the Brettonin established 1945 after Woods Conference. Woods Twins”. www.kalvikural.com idea of Japan was to cripple America’s 46 Pacific fleet and to stop any UNIT -III opposition 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. UNIT -III       World War IIwas amodern war fought heavy with equipmentsuchas- military        War’. Because- The wars which were fought as ‘World1914-18 and between 1939-45 cametobecalled  Second WorldWar:   First WorldWar:     What was theend ofHitler? World WarIIwasamodern war. Justify. What was thecondition ofGermanyaftertheWorld WarI? Why dowecallthetwo warsas‘WorldWars’? Write the deathtollof WorldWarIandII. in May 1945. foughtThe German back but ended in vain. Finally, forces Allied entered Germany forced back. forcesThe Allied invaded Normandy in France. Slowly, the Germanarmy was Eastern Europe. From 1944, the Russian army began to attackGermany from theEastand captured Fighter planesand Battleships, Tanks. Germany was unabletopay theheavy war reparations. Ordinary peoplecarriedmoneyinwheelbarrows tobuybreads. Its currency worthless. becamevirtually Germany experiencedbothhighunemployment and severe inflationafter thewar. Fought onseveral fronts across Europe, AsiaandAfrica. Very ofthecivilians highdeathtoll andmilitary personnel. The extendedareas oftheconflict. wasThe totaldeathtoll personnel and military nearly civilians. 24 50 million million Among thedeath,9.7 were million soldiers. The totalnumberofdeathswas around andwoundedwere 20million 21million. Reduce poverty around theworld. Promote highemployment andsustainableeconomicgrowth Facilitate internationaltrade, So, committed Hitler suicideinApril 1945. www.kalvikural.com ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS v v v

Aircraft carriers, Submarines, Bomber planes. Bomber 47 G anga

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 1. Namesome ofthespecialised agenciesoftheUNO. 15. 14. 13. WhatwasHolocaust? G VI anga    ) Whatisthe significanceoftheBattleStalingrad? d) c) b) a)             Battle of Stalingrad Write about theUniversal DeclarationofHuman rights. Answer questions allthe given undereach caption United NationsDevelopmentUnited Programme (UNDP). NationsChildren’sUnited Emergency Fund(UNICEF) NationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalUnited Organisation (UNESCO) World Organisation Health (WHO) Food andAgricultural Organisation (FAO) December) isobserved asHumanRightsDay. globally The U.N. adopted this historic Charter on 1948. 10 December This day (10 It setforth fundamental humanrightsin30articles. The Universal Declaration ofHumanRights was importantcontribution. its A committee underchairpersonofPresident constituted Franklin Roosevelt. UN CommissiononHumanRights. The UN efforts to protecthuman rights on a global basis resulted in of constitution for distinctiontorace, without all sex,languageandreligion. The UNO in Charter pledged its to promote human rights and fundamental freedoms Finally, theywere ingaschambers. killed medical experiment. There, theywere toinhuman subjected living tortureconditions, and horrible camps. Jews in Germany were rounded up and transported in cattle cars toconcentration the GermansduringWorld War II. Jews bythe genocide of nearlysixmillion isusedtodescribe The world ‘holocaust’ i) Fall (Operation Blau Blue). Armaments andtractors. In August 1942. What was thename of theplanformulatedby Hitler to attackStalingrad? What were themainmanufactures of Stalingrad? When didGermanyattack Stalingrad? government. Even Russians though 10 million died, the people remained loyal to the www.kalvikural.com 48 UNIT -III 4. 3. 2. UNIT -III b) a) d) Whowas c) b) a) d) Whatisthe significanceofBattleMidway? c) Account forthesetback ofAlliesinthePacificregion? b) Namethe South-east a) c) Munich Pact. General Assembly and SecurityCouncil. Japanese Aggression in South-eastAsia Hitler and Chamberlain, the British PrimeMinister andChamberlain,theBritish Hitler In 1938. Security Council. It the GermansduringWorld War II. is used to describethegenocide of nearly The Jews bywordsix million ‘holocaust’ England, France, UnitedStates ofAmerica,ChinaandRussia. died ofdiseaseandexhaustion. Many Indian walked the way all from to India Burma facing many hardships. Many ii) Itturnedthetideinfavour oftheAllies. i) TheUSnavy defeated theJapanesenavy. Inadequate preparation. (Indonesia) andBurma. Guam, the Philippines, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaya, the Dutch East Indies iii) ii) Germany wouldnotattack andannexany country. Who were thesignatories MunichPactsigned? When was theMunichPactsigned? What ismeant byveto? What isthe Holocaust? List thepermanent member countriesoftheSecurity Council. What happened totheIndianslivinginBurma? What was theassurance given byHitler? President Franklin Roosevelt. is The battle marked theturningoftidewar infavour oftheAllies. The Russians successfully defended thecity. meant theChairperson oftheUNCommission onHumanRights? by negative www.kalvikural.com ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS Asiancountrieswhichfell totheJapanese. vote. It is 49 given to the five permanent members G anga of the

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 1. Warinthe AsiaPacific Region: 6. 5. G VII anga a) d)     Rise ofHitler: ruled Germany 1945. till 1923, he tried tocapture thepowerbut failed. Then, he came topowerin 1933 and officer. d) c) b) a) d) c) Namethe BritishAirForce thatinflictedservedefeat onGermans. b) Attempt an essayon the riseandfallofAdolfHitler. Battle of Britain. Answer following the indetail Adolf Hitler wasAdolf Hitler born in 1889. He was Austrian by birth. His father was a custom This was endedinvain. League ofNations. Chiang Kai-shek. In 1931. In Germanforces theBattle ofBritain, were defeated. The attack on Londonby theGermanAirForce isknownasTheBlitz. Royal AirForce (Spitfires andHurricanes). In Sep. 1940. In 1939. In 1938,Hitler invaded Austria andannexed. Japan duetohiseffort. In 1937, the Rome-Berlin –Tokyo Axis was formedItaly, between Germany and and annexed it. In 1936, he invaded the Rhineland which was supposed to be a demilitarized zone Slowly, economicrevival startedinGermany. becoming After the rulerofGermany, he solved theproblem of unemployment. When wasbytheGermans? Londonbombed When didGermanyattack Czechoslovakia? What was theresult? Whom didChinaappeal? Who ledtheChinese army whichwasretreated? When didJapaninvadeManchuria? What was theresultof theBattleofBritain? What isThe Blitz? After www.kalvikural.com the First World War, he formed 50 the National Socialist Party in UNIT -III 1919. In 2. UNIT -III   International agencies:    Nuclear proliferation:    New geo-politicalpoweralignment: NationswasUnited formed tomaintainpeaceintheworld.Itseffects are- War. It ended in the year 1945 the defeatwith of Axis powers. After theend of the war,       Fall ofHitler:    Analyse the effectsofWorldWarII. The Second WorldThe Second War started in the year 1939. It was worse than the FirstWorld Monetary Fundcameinto existence. Many international agencies in particular theWorld and the International Bank NationsOrganisationUnited was formed. In order tomaintain in peace the world and develop international cooperation, the powerful weaponswithgreat destructive power. Countries began to devote large amount of resources in developing more and more andFranceMeanwhile, Britain developed theirownnuclearweapons. StatesandtheSovietThe United Union entered intoarace ofnuclear powered weapons. Europe was dividedintotwonamelyCommunistandnon-Communist. other by Soviet Russia. One led by a pronouncedwith States the United anti-Communist ideology and the The worldwas polarized intotwomainblocsledby superpowers. Germany was completelydefeated committed andHitler suicidein1945. from theWest andRussian forces from theEast. Towards theend of thewar in 1944, forces the Allied attacked Germany forces forcesItalian atElAlameininAfrica. forces theAllied Egypt. But under General Montgomery defeatedthe Germanand In the earlyyears of1942, German forcesoccupied entire NorthAmericaexcept the In June 1941, the German army invaded Russia. The war lasted up to Feb. 1943. At fighter planesoftheRoyal AirForce sever inflicted defeat onGermans. In Sep. 1940, London was bombed mercilessly by the Germanaircrafts. the But, powers were defeated oneaftertheother. After theentryof America into the war, the courseofwar was changed. Axis The initial years ofthewar were a time ofspectacularsuccessesof Germany army. In Sep. 1939,Hitlerattacked Poland andannexed Germany. with in Europe. AsperthePact, Sudetenlandwas annexed war. by without Hitler Minister ofEngland signed the Munich Pact Germanywith in 1938 torestore peace wantedHitler to annex Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia. Chamberlain, the Prime They becameaforum for countrieslarge andsmall. end, the Soviet www.kalvikural.com army and the fierce 51 Russian winter defeated the German G anga army.

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY . Assessthe structureand theactivitiesofUN. 3. G anga    Process ofdecolonization:     Activities oftheUNO:        The StructureoftheUNO: international peaceandsecurity. Itwas onOct.24, established 1945. The UNO was formed at the close of the World War II. Its main aim is to maintain In the 1960s, decolonization was an important issue. A number of colonial countries FAOBank, thathelpstheUNOinits administration. There are someotherspecialised agencies suchasWHO, UNESCO, UNICEF, World the UNO The Trusteeship placed under Council the Trusteeshiplooks the territories after of UNO. The Economic and Council Social coordinates the economic and social works of the ItactsanadvisorybodyoftheorgansHague inHolland. ofUNO. The International Court ofJusticeis the judicial wing atThe of theUNO is situated the Security Council. General. by iselected theGeneral He/She Assembly on the recommendation of The executive wing of the UNO is the Secretariat. It is headed by the Secretary power. and areten non-permanentmembers.Permanent membershave theVeto There the Assembly. the General Assembly is the main organ of the UNO. It meetsonce in a year and discusses independent. economically Womenentering thelabour started force in greaternumbers. Theybecame heard intheinternationalarena. In subsequent years, thesenewly independent nations began to make their voices of decolonization. Colonial powers were forced togive independence to former colonies in a process the Bank lendsmoneytovariousthe Bank countries for developmental projects. Development (IBRD) is to promote economic development in poorer countriesand The main responsibility oftheInternational for Bank Reconstructionand many areas over all ofconflict theworld. A special mention must bemade of theUNPeacekeeping force, which has acted in Nations. oftheUnited nowwithintheambitofactivities all Now, human rights, the problems of refugees, change, climate gender equality are got theirindependenceofImperialistic powers. issues www.kalvikural.com are fifteen and

conflicts. members Each in the member 52 Security country Council. can send In that, five five representatives are UNIT -III permanent to

1. VIII UNIT -III phases oftheWorldWarII.    Group projectinvolvingstudents to prepare an album with pictures on different Activity environment anderadicating AIDS. empowering women and improving maternal and child improvinghealth, the In recentyears, theWorld is improving Bank living standards, removing illiteracy, enterprises indeveloping countries. The International Finance Corporation (IFC) mainly functions private with rates ofinterest for aperiodof50years. developmental loans, and are Theseloans areactivities. given “soft” at very low The International Development Agency (IDA) also lends money togovernmentsfor www.kalvikural.com 53

G anga

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 3. 2. G anga War IIinaworldmap. Peace. Marking A debate www.kalvikural.com the

in Allies the class and

on Axis the countries, success (SELF ACTIVITY) (SELF ACTIVITY) 54

as or well failure as important of the UN battlefields in preserving UNIT -III of World World 1. UNIT -III IX i) Mark the followingontheworldmap- N MapWork

W E Axis powercountries S www.kalvikural.com

GERMANY HUNGARY 55 ROMANIA BULGARIA ITALY JAPAN G Axis Power Countries

Allied Power Countries anga

Not to Scale

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY G

N anga ii) W E San Fransico. S power countries&(iii) Hiroshima,Allied Nagasaki, Hawai Island, Moscow and www.kalvikural.com

UNITED STATES U S S R NORWAY UNITED DENMARK CANADA KINGDOM POLAND MOSCOW NETHERLANDS

BELGIUM 56 USA FRANCE SAN FRANSICO HIROSHIMA CHINA GREECE NAGASAKI

HAWAI ISLAND

BRAZIL

AUSTRALIA UNIT -III Axis Power Countries Allied Power Countries

Not to Scale

UNIT -III X Time Line Time 1945 1940 1935 www.kalvikural.com Formation ofUNO(1945) End oftheWorld War II(1945) Battle ofstalingrad (1942) Pearl Harbourincident(1941) (1940) Battle ofBritain Out break ofWorld War iI(1939) Time Line XG DFD 57 GW 1 Unit=5years Scale G anga

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 8. 7. Whenwas Northand 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. Whowas 1. G I

HISTORY anga c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) aggression inEurope. c) a) c) a) c) a) When was theWarsaw Pactdissolved? Where was ArabLeague formed? Who becametheChairman ofthePLO’sExecutive Committeein1969? The United States European allies and formed ______to resist any Soviet When was People’sPoliticalConsultativeConference heldinChina? Which American President followedthepolicy of containmentCommunism? Choose the Correct Choosethe Answer 1990 1979 Lebanon Cairo 1973 1975 Saddam Hussein Hafez al-Assad SENTO SEATO 1954 September 1959 September Theodore Roosevelt Woodrow Wilson Michael Borodin Sun Yat-Sen UNIT 4 www.kalvikural.com thefirstdirector ofWhampoaMilitary South Vietnamunited? THE WORLD AFTER BOOK EXERCISEBOOK WORLD WAR II d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) 1991 1989 Syria Jordan 1974 1976 Nasser Yasser Arafat Warsaw Pact NATO 1949 September 1948 September Truman Franklin Roosevelt Chou EnLai Chiang Kai-Shek 58 Academy? Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: d)1991 b)Truman d) September1949 b) ChiangKai-Shek a) Cairo b) 1976 b) YasserArafat b) NATO UNIT -IV 17. 16. 15.  14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. UNIT -IV c) a) under ______. c) a) ______. c) a) ______reversedthereforms. c) a) Hundred DaysofReform. c) a) c) a) china. c) a) scholar officialscalled______. c) a) Europe. c) a) In 1918, aSocietyfor theStudyofMarxismwas formedin______. October In 1911, a revolt started in ChinaandaRepublic government was formed The disintegration of Manchudynasty began with the death of Empress in Due tooppositionfromthe powerful conservatives, the Dowager – Empress In ______, the young Emperor initiated a series of reforms known as the China was defeatedinthetwo______its and openedportstowestern powers. The ______rebellion lasted for fourteen years was a major rebellion in The entire administrative system of Chinawas in the hands ofbureaucracy of In its long history ______Civilization was more advanced than that of Sun yat-sen Empress Dowager 1912 1908 Chin ShiTze Tsi Tang 1898 1857 Japanese War World Wars Taiping Manchu Nobles Mandarins Mayan Egyptian Oxford University Peking University www.kalvikural.com ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) Mao Tse-tung Yuan Shih Kai 1914 1910 Ma Tse Tung Tzu Hsi 1988 1868 Opium Wars WarsBoers Manchurian Boxer Senapathi Yuvaraja Roman Chinese Tokyo University Nalanda University 59 Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: c)1898 a) Mandarins b) Chinese b) YuanShih-kai a) 1908 b) TzuHai d) OpiumWars c) Taiping a) PekingUniversity G anga

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 27. 26. 25. 24. 23.  22. 21. Thefirst 20. 19. G anga c) a) Nanking Russian officers. c) a) ______countriesofNorthAmericaandEurope. c) a) c) a) containment ofcommunism. c) a) by UNOduetothepressureof______. c) a) ______. c) a) c) a) Kuomintang Party. c) a) North To resist Sovietaggression inEurope,______wasformedin1949. ______, the President of the United States of America, pursued a policy of The government of ChiangKai shek in Taiwan (Formosa) was given recognition China was The People’sRepublicof established undertheleadership of Mao Tse-tungorganizedaLongMarchin______. After the death of Sun Yat Sen in 1925, ______became the leader of ______The Militarynear Academy Canton with was the assistance founded of Whampoa 29 20 CENTO NATO Kennedy Roosevelt Japan Russia Mao Tse-Tung Chou EnLai 1938 1934 Mao Tse-tung Chou EnLai Mao Tse-tung Chou EnLai Atlantic DirectorofWhampoa MilitaryAcademy was______. www.kalvikural.com Treaty

Organisation d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) Communist Beijing 34 25 Warsaw Pact SENTO Nixon Truman India The USA Yuvan ShihKai Chiang Kai Sheik 1942 1930 Yuvan ShihKai Chiang Kai Sheik Yuvan ShihKai Chiang Kai Sheik was 60 an inter-state Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: military b)ChiangKai-shek b) ChiangKaisheik c) Whampoa c) 29 a) NATO b) Truman b) TheUSA c) MaoTseTung a) 1934 alliance UNIT -IV between 17. 16. 15. TheWarsaw Pact was dissolved in1991afterthereunification of______. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. UNIT -IV II Ans: Ans: mutual assistancein1955knownas______. Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: region. Ans: Ans: The Soviet nuclearpower(bomb) Uniontestedits in ______. The Central Treaty Organisation was dissolved in______. The ______was open to any Arab nation desiring peace and security in the region. Russia and eight European countries signed the Treaty of friendship, cooperation and As acounter totheNATO, Soviet Unionorganized the______in1955. The EastAsia South Defence Treaty or Manila Pact was signed in the year ______. SEATO was organized for thecollective security of the countriesin______. EastAsianTreatyThe South Organisation isalsoknown as______. ______treaty signed onFebruary 7, 1992created theEuropean Union. ______was theHeadquartersof theCouncilof Europe. Germany joinedtheNATO in______. The Treaty of______provided for mandatesin Turkish -Arab Empire. ______treaty is open to any Arab nation desiring peace and security in the After thedeath of Dr. Sun Yat the leaderofKuomintang Sen, party was ______. In 1918, the society for thestudyofMarxismwas formed in______University. ______was known as“ThemorningstarofChina”. Fill in the blanks inthe Fill www.kalvikural.com ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS 61 Ans: CentralTreatyOrganisation Ans: Ans: Ans:

1955 Versailles CENTO Chiang KaiSheik Peking Dr. SunYatSen Germany Warsaw Pact Warsaw Pact 1954 South-east Asia Manila Pact Maastricht Ans: Ans: Strasbourg Ans: G anga 1949 1979

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 34. 33. 32. 31. 30. 29. 28. 27. 26. 25. 24. 23. 22. Ans: 21. TheNon 20. 19. 18. 35. G anga World War II. Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Vietnam. Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Today, the European Union has______member states. The Maastricht Treaty signedonFeb. 7, 1992created the______. The headquarters oftheCouncilEurope islocatedat______. In May 1949, ten countries metat ______and signed to form a Council of Europe. The city of Saigon was renamed as the ______the greatafter leader of the North Vietnam and Vietnam South were formally as one united country in ______. In January ______, theAmericantroops had withdrawn from Vietnam. Viet Minh formed agovernment ledby ______inHanoi. World theend ofSecond By War, ______controlled theNorthernhalfofVietnam. India represented by ______played acrucial role inresolving thecrisis. Nasser, the President ofEgyptnationalized theSuezCanalin______. In ______, Colonel NasserbecamethePresident afteracoupin1952. Cuban Missile Crisistook placeduringtheperiodof ______. of______, theideaofNon-Alignment thecollapse With lostrelevance. The ______Movement (NAM) emerged in the wake ofdecolonization that followed The President ofNorthKorea (People’s Republic ofKorea) was ______. The headquarters oftheEuropean Unionisat______in Belgium. www.kalvikural.com Alignment Movement helditsfirstconference at______in1961. Ans: 62 Ans:

Egypt KimII EuropeanUnion Fidel Castro Soviet Union Non-Alignment Brussels Strasbourg Ho ChiMinhcity 1976 1973 Viet Minh Jawaharlal Nehru 1956 Belgrade London Ans: Ans: 28 Ho ChiMinh UNIT -IV

ii) 2. iii) i) 1. 41. 40. Germany was officially 39. 38. 37. 36. III UNIT -IV c) a) c) Ans: a) Ans: Ans: East ______. Berlin. Ans: Ans: iv) iii) i) iv) ii) ofthesoviet thecollapse With union,the______era cametoanend. Soviet Union was on ______collapsed and disintegrated into a number of republics. East Germany a wall constructed in ______cut ofWestwhich virtually fromBerlin West Germany economy became prosperous because ofthesupport USA under The division ofGermany intoWest andEastwas madeafterthe______. Choose the Correct Choosethe Statement (iii) and(iv)are correct (ii), (iii) and(iv)are correct (i) and(iii) are correct (i) and(ii) are correct The Yuan In capability totheUSSR. gaining groundintheregion. Atlantic region. of EasternEuropethathadbeenliberatedbythe SovietArmy. than twodecades. (T) the demandofJapantohaveeconomiccontrolManchuriaandShantung. peasants. (F) minority, initiatedaseriesofreformsknownasthe100daysreforms. Britain used the atomic bomb against Japan toconveyits destructive The member countries of SEATOwere committed to prevent democracy from 1948, In the Soviets had established government left wing in thecountries Soviet China formore Union refusedtorecognizethePeople’sRepublicof The KuomintangParty represented the interests of the workers and China chief Shih-Kai (1898) objective (T) had www.kalvikural.com

reunited on3October______. the lost of (T) (F) young NATO prestige (F) d) b) d) b) was emperor, (i), (ii) and(iii) are correct (i) and(ii) are correct (i) and(iv)are correct (ii) and(iii) are correct in 63 to the Ans: (F) preserve eyes under Ans:

of

peace Nationalists, the b) (i)and(ii)arecorrect c) (i)and(ii)arecorrect Ans: influence and Cold war 26 Dec.1991 1990 1961 The MarshallPlan Second worldwar security when of the (T) G he in the agreed educated anga North to

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 6. 5. 4. 3. G anga b) a) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion Ans: c) a) Ans: d) c) b) a) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion Ans: d) c) iv) iii) ii) i) iv) iii) ii) i) Both (A)and(R)areBoth wrong (A)and(R)areBoth correct, butRisnotthecorrect explanationofA (i) and(iii) are correct (i) and(ii) are correct (A)and(R)areBoth correct, butRisnotthecorrect explanationofA (A) iswrong and(R)iscorrect (A)and(R)areBoth correct andRisthecorrect explanationofA (A)and(R)areBoth wrong (A) iswrong and(R)iscorrect (A)and(R)areBoth correct andRisthecorrect explanationofA and impoverishmentof theBritishpeople. powers. number ofpeasantuprisingsduringthenineteenth century. where possibleinEurope. the worldintotwoblocs. The opening of English towestern of imperialismThe opening exploitation led toeconomic Britain was defeated andwasits to open compelledports to western China foughttwoopiumwarswiththebritish in1832and1848. china, discontent In with the political and economicsystem a produced war Cold triggered deadly wars in Korea, Cuba, Vietnam and West Asia. (T) The Soviet Russia made determined efforts to install communist regimes The USwastrying topreventthespreadof Communist. The emergence of ChinaandJapanas super powers resulted in the division d) Both(A)and(R)arecorrect,butRisnotthecorrectexplanationofA d) (ii),(iii)and(iv)arecorrect c) Both (A)and arecorrectandRisthe c) Both (R) correct explanation ofA www.kalvikural.com (F) : :

oil. Western Europeunderitsinfluence. ravaged Europe. Castro nationalizedtheUSownedsugarcompanies. The The USconceivedtheMarshal Plantobringthe countries in the America’s Marshall Plan was for reconstructionthe war- of US-owned oil ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS (T) (F) d) b) refineries (ii), (iii) and(iv)are correct (ii) and(iii) are correct 64 in Cuba (F) refused (T) to process (T) UNIT -IV Russian (T) 10. 9. 8. iii) 7. UNIT -IV

c) Ans: a) c) Ans: a) c) Ans: a) c) Ans: a) iv) iii) ii) i) iv) iii) ii) i) iv) iii) ii) i) iv)  ii) i)

(iii) and(iv)are correct (i) and(ii) are correct (iii) and(iv)are correct (i) and(ii) are correct (iii) and(iv)are correct (i) and(ii) are correct (i) and(iii) are correct (i) and(ii) are correct After that, BaghdadPact cameto becalled asCentral Treaty Organisation (T) The Asia. (T) China. Tung asitsChairman. Peking.(T) capitalists. peasants. communist partyofchina. in theregion.(F) The treaty was open toany Asian nation desiring peace andsecurity In 1958,UnitedStates joinedinthisorganization. Turkey, Iraq, England, Pakistan andIronsingedthe BaghdadPact in1955. (T) commandswithstandingSEATO hadnojoint forces. SEATO wasformed in1954.(T) South EastAsiaTreaty organizationisalso knownasWarsaw Pact.(F) SEATO was organized forthe collective security of countries in Southeast The Congressmet in September 1959 and adoptedthe constitution of Chinaforthenexttenyears.The Councilruled with elected theCentral Mao Tse Conference GoverningCouncil Sep. 1949, In the People’s Political Consultative conference met in The Kuomintang represented the interests ofthe landlords and Kuomintang Party wascontrolledbyMaoTse tunandchouenlai. Yat sen, Kai shek After Sun Chiang became the deathof the leader of Communists (F) (T) (T) www.kalvikural.com increased (T) (F) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) (ii), (iii) and(iv)are correct (i), (iii) and(iv)are correct (ii), (iii) and(iv)are correct (ii) and(iii) are correct (ii), (iii) and(iv)are correct (ii) and(iii) are correct (ii), (iii) and(iv)are correct (ii) and(iii) are correct their 65 influence c) (iii)and (iv)arecorrect a) (i)and (ii)arecorrect b) (i),(iii) and(iv)arecorrect a) (i)and (ii)arecorrect (F) among (T) (T) the workers G anga (F) and

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 10. 9. 8. 7. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. SuezCanalwasnationalized byNasserin1991. (F) ii) In1952,Colonel i) 12. i) 11. 11.

G IV anga c) Ans: a) Ans: c) Ans: a) c) Ans: a) Suez Canal Crisis The Russian Revolution The Long March The Chinese Revolution Ngo Dinh iem Ho-Chi Minh Anwar Sadat Syngman Rhee Dr. SunYat-Sen iv) iii) End of Berlin WallEnd ofBerlin iv) iii) ii) Match the Following Match the

(iii) and(iv)are correct (i) and(ii) are correct (i) and(iii) are correct (i) and(ii) are correct (iii) and(iv)are correct (i) and(ii) are correct In Finally, the SovietPresident Khrushchevagreedto withdraw the missiles.(T) nuclear missilesinCuba.(F) (T) Kennedy’s regime.(F) India and Indra Gandhi, playedacrucialroleIndia andIndraGandhi, insolvingthiscrisis.(F) Because ofthis,Britain andFranceattacked SuezCanalregion.(T) Government of Field Castro came to know that the USSR was installing Florida, In 60 miles away from Cuba,the US assembled large armed forces. April www.kalvikural.com 1961, US NasserbecamethePresident ofEgypt.(T) bombed

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

------Cuban d) b) d) b) d) b) d) c) b) a) e) d) c) b) a) e) 1917 1911 1991 1956 North Vietnam Egypt KoreaSouth Kuomintung Vietnam South 1934 (ii), (iii) and(iv)are correct (i), (ii) and(iii) are correct (ii), (iii) and(iv)are correct (i), (iii) and(iv)are correct (ii) and(iv)are correct (i), (iii) and(iv)are correct 66 airfields Ans: 1–b,2 –c,3d,4e,5a with 7 –c,8e,9d,10 a,11–b the d) (ii)and(iv)arecorrect b) (i),(ii)and(iii)arecorrect c) (i)and(iii)arecorrect objectives of overthrowing UNIT -IV 4. 3. 2. 1. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. UNIT -IV V            Government inChina.     Ans: What doyouknowofBaghdadPact? Write anote onMao’sLongMarch. Shek established how in1928and Chiang-Kai Explain Kuomintung Central Write any threecauses fortheChineseRevolution of1911. Mao Tse-tung Yasser Arafat Fidel Castro Syngman Rhee George C. Marshall Answer briefly In 1955, Turkey, Iraq, PakistanGreat Britain, and Iran signed a pact known as 6,000 miles. Out and by unfriendly tribesmen. The marches were harassed continually by Kuomintang forces, by local war lords In 1934, theCommunistArmy ofabout100,000setout ontheLongMarch. 1933, MaohadgainedfullBy control oftheChineseCommunistParty. Once again,there was acentral government inChina. In 1928,hewas successful incapturing Peking. Chiang Kai-shek startedconqueringChinafrom Canon. The Kuomintang represented theinterests ofthelandlords andcapitalists. in theparty.positions As an avowed ofcommunism, he removed critic the Communists from all important Yat Sen. Chiang Kai Shek becametheleaderofKuomintang Partythe deathofSun after In 1911,thelocalarmy mutiniedandtherevolt spread. began toasserttheirindependence. The new emperor was twoyears old. Using this the provincialsituation, governors in 1908was oneof thecauses. The disintegration of theManchu dynastythe deathofDowager after -Empress foreigners. The European presencein China and the defeat of Chinese produced hatred of Baghdad Pact.Baghdad of 100,000, www.kalvikural.com only 20,000 - - - - - finally e) d) c) b) a) Cuba KoreaSouth America Palestine China 67 12 –c,13d, 14–e,15b,16a reached Northern Sheni after crossing G anga nearly

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 8. 7. of westerninterests–Elaborate. The 6. 5. G anga                      How was theCubanmissile crisisdefused? Write anote onThirdWorldCountries. What was MarshallPlan? Suez was secretly nuclearmissiles inCuba. installing In the mean time, the US government under Kennedy came toknow that theUSSR The In April 1961,anarmy ofCubanexiles ontheisland ofBay ofPigs. the breakWith oftheSoviet Union in1991,thetermhaslostits relevance. former coloniesofAfrica, AsiaandLatinAmerica. The Third Worldof thedeveloping consisted principally countieswhich are the States outsidethesetwowereThird called World. World. led The Communist bystates theSoviet Union came tobeknown as theSecond countriesled byThe capitalist the US weredesignated as the FirstWorld. politically Nov. 6,1956. However, under pressure and of world Franceopinion, Britain on ended hostilities astheSuezCanalarea. aswell and otherinstallations Egypt canal sometoprotect thecanal. used this opportunityBritain to demand troopsthat its to occupybe allowed the stop toEgyptianborder raids. So, on29Oct.1956,Israeli forces invaded Egypt. Israel saw this opportunity to open the Gulf of Aqaba to Israeli shipping and put a thefailureWith ofdiplomacy, andFrance Britain decidedtouseforce. In 1956,ColonelNasser–President ofEgyptnationalized theSuezCanal. PlanfundingMarshall endedin1951. fuel andmachinery. European nations received in nearly $ 13shipments billion aid of food,with staples, their earlyrecovery from thedestructioncausedby World theSecond War. The plan sought to help the countries ofEurope to facilitate American dollars with influence. under its The USA introduced Plan the Marshall to bring the countriesin WesternEurope CENTO was dissolved in1979. This treaty was opentoany Arab nation desiring and peace security in the region. known astheCentral Treaty ofOrganisation. In joined 1958, States the United the organisation and thereafter cametobe it www.kalvikural.com US Canal refused bombed crisis and Cuban confirmed on 31 airfields Oct. that 1956, with 68 Israel the Britain objectives had and been France of overthrowing created bombed to Egyptian serve Castro’s UNIT -IV the airfields regime. cause 2 Whatare 12. 11. 10. 9. UNIT -IV                      What isCold War? Write anote onMaoTse-tung. Write about theOpium Wars. no permissionfor any baseinitsterritories. superpower tobuild itsmilitary any with alliance no military superpower, topeaceandsecurity,commitment peaceful coexistence, The basicprinciplesofNon-Aligned Movement are- The term‘ColdWar’ was firstcoinedby George theEnglish (1945). writer Orwell economic andideologicalfronts. They did not take recourse to weapons. Instead, they waged war on political, The twosuperpowerswere organised aftertheWar intorival alliances. military and itssupportingcountriesisreferred toasColdWar. The rivalry that developed theWorldafter War II between theUSA and the USSR of Central Government Council. In 1919, he the established People’s Republic of China and became theChairman emerged asastaunchCommunist. In Then, he moved toPeking and servedlibrarian asan assistant in Peking University. Teacher’s Training College inChangsha. In 1911, Mao joined the revolutionary armyand butsoonleft enrolled in the His father was awealthy peasantandafirmsupporterof Manchus. Mao Tse-tung was borninHunanSouth-east China. impoverishment oftheChinesepeople. The opening of China to Western imperialism led to economic and exploitation the After theend of the war, China was powers. to open ports towestern its compelled In thetwoOpiumWars of1832and1848,Chinawas defeated by theBritish. Wars. Opium trade and the Chinese was theBritish between themain cause oftheOpium Thus theCubanmissile crisisdefused. Finally, Khrushchev, President of the Soviet Union agreed towithdraw the missiles. the thebasicprinciples ofNon-AlignedMovement? following www.kalvikural.com years, ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS Mao began 69 his full fledged political activities of G Hunan anga and

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 1. 14. 13. 2. G VI anga    d) c) Namethe southernrival tothePresidentofNorth Korea. b) Who was a) d) Whatwas theresponse ofSovietRussiatothe c) theterm Whocoined b) Namethe twomilitary blocsthat emergedinthe Post-WorldWarII. a)      Cold War What was Glasnost? Write about ‘Perestroika’. Korean War Answer questions allthe given undereach caption The humancostwas enormous. Three years. Syngman Rhee. Kim II. The Warsaw Pact was dissolved in1991following thebreak-up ofUSSR. To countertheformation ofNATO, Russia formed Warsaw Pact. George theEnglish writer. Orwell, blocundertheUSACapitalist undertheUSSR. andCommunistBloc There was spacefor andgovernment. ofpolitics criticism were rehabilitated. Under glasnost, there was morewho had been censored openness; writers earlier the Khrushchev,under Nikita ‘the thaw’ After from the 1960sunder Leonid Brezhnev, Perestroikawith inthe1980s. It was a openness introducedpolicy ofideologically by Mikhail Gorbachev along Totally, itfailed toarrest thedownward slideoftheSoviet Union. However, failed it andthecontradictions intheeconomy gotmore intense. the developed World. countriesoftheCapitalist Perestroika was intended to energize Soviet economy which was lagging behind system. economic andpolitical It was introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev in the last 1980s to restructure Soviet What was thehuman costof theWar? How longdidtheKoreanWarlast? What was thecontext inwhichWarsawPactwas dissolved? ideological www.kalvikural.com thePresident ofNorthKoreaduringthe KoreanWar? and cultural “Cold War”andwhouseditfirst? climate was 70 stifling with dissent formationofNATO? being crushed UNIT -IV ruthlessly. 5. NATO: 4. Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) 3. UNIT -IV d) c) b) a) Namethe countries that joinedtheorganization in1952. d) Whenwas NATOformed? c) Whywas b) WhatisNATO? a) d) Whatwere theobjectives ofNAM? c) Who were theprominent personalitiespresent b) Whenandwherewas a) Warsaw Pact: May 14, 1955–Moscow. Soviet Union. To counterthe NATO, Warsaw Pact signed. Greece andTurkey. In 1949. It was formed toresist Soviet aggression inEurope. North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. v v the BelgradeConference. v v and Sukarno(Indonesia). Marshal (Yugoslavia),Tito Muhammad (Egypt), Nasser Jawaharlal Nehru (India) In acity 1955–Bandung, inIndonesia. Moscow. member countries? Where was the headquarters the armed joint of the command of forces of When andwherewas thetreatysigned? Who tooktheinitiative intheformationofWarsaw Pact? Why was WarsawPact signed? List To forms fightall ofcolonialism andimperialism. Commitment topeaceandsecurity.Commitment Peaceful co-existence, To abstain from with any allying ofthetwosuperpowers. out any NATOformed? two www.kalvikural.com basic ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS thefirstconferenceonNon-Aligned Movementheld?

principles 71 of Non-Alignment inthefirstconference? Movement enunciated G anga in

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 1. EstimatetheroleofMaoTsetunginmakingChinaacommunistcountry. 7. 6. G VII anga b) Namethe membersof theEuropeanCoalandSteelcommunity? a)       d) c) b) a) d) c) Berlin Wall: European CoalandSteelCommunity: Answer following the indetail deal with theconstant threatdeal with from Japanandalsotheattacks from war lords. The campaign against the communists was distracted asChiang Kai Shek had to for seven years. The Communists led by Mao retreated into the wild mountain where theystayed concentrated hisenergies onorganizing thepeasantry. Mao had understoodthat Kuomintang grip on the townswas verystrong. So, he obtained recruits for theirarmy. The Tse Tung andChouenLai. Slowly, the Communist Party of China became popular under the leadership of Mao among theintellectuals. After theRussian Revolution of 1917, the ideas of Marx and Lenin became popular October 2,1990. In 1989. People suffered inEastBerlin from lackofdemocracy andfreedom. In 1961. Brussels. European CommonMarket. Treaty ofRome. Community? (Netherland),Luxemburg, Holland Belgium, Italy, France andWest Germany By whichtreaty these countries established the EuropeanEconomic When was Germanyreunited? When was BerlinWall demolished? Why didthepeoplefrom EastBerlinmovetoWest Berlin? When was BerlinWall constructed? Where the headquarters ofEEC? Mention the othername ofEEC. www.kalvikural.com Communist increased their influence 72 among the workers and peasants UNIT -IV and 2. UNIT -IV       Arab-Israeli War–1973:        Ans :Arab-IsraeliWar–1967:       Attempt an essayon the Arab-Israeliwarsof1967 and1973. succession of wars – civil war in Lebanon, war between Iraq and Iran, Israel’s strategyIts ofencouraging hostilityand people resultedstates between in a and itsoil. wayBy of mediation, the US succeeded in hegemonyasserting its over the region Though Israel suffered heavy pushedbacktheArab finally it casualties, forces. holiday. Egypt and Syria launched a sudden and surprise attack on the Yom Kippur religious Anwar Sadatoffered theIsraelis apeacedeal.Israel rejected theoffer. under onecommand. concluded a secret agreement in Jan. 1973. Their aim was to bring their armies Anwar Sadat, the President of Egypt and Nafez al-Assad, the President of Syria IraqSoon alsojoinedthealliance. Accordingly, was it decided to place Jordanian forces under Egyptian command. King HusseinofJordan signedamutualdefence Egypt. pactwith to Israeli shipping. Egypt in support Syria mobilizedforces its in the Sinai ofAqaba and closed theGulf MiG fighterjets. Israel’s air battle Syria with in April 1967 ended in the shooting down six Syrian In Nov. 1966,anIsraeli attacked ofAl-Samu thevillage inJordanian West Bank. groupsguerrilla basedinSyria, LebanonandJordon. From that time onwards, Israel came to be attacked frequently by Palestinian The Palestinian Liberation Organisation was formed in1964. of MaoTse-tung. of China. In 1949, the People’s Republic ofChina emerged undertheleadership In the summer of 1948, Communist control was established in most of the parts fellCities oneby oneandChiangKai-shek’s army begantodisintegrate quickly. movements. time, he and continued tactics the usealso of guerrilla ordered large scale military So, Mao was keen on obtaining the support of themiddle class. In the mean Communists triedtocapture thepower. In thisrace, Kuomintang was successful. thesurrenderWith oftheJapanese (1945), both the Kuomintang and the 1937,By Maohadbecometheleaderofover peopleofChina. 10million 1935, aftercrossing 6,000miles, only20,ooomembersreached northernSheni. In 1934, the Communist Army of about 100,000 set out on the Long March. In invasion ofLebanonand US–ledwar againstIraq. www.kalvikural.com 73 G anga

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 2. 1. 3. G VIII anga  Union. terms ofdeathdevastation. Korean, Arab-Israeli and Vietnam Wars to highlightthehumansufferingsin the othergroupactassupportersofSovietUnion.Organiseadebate.      Involving the entire class, an album may be preparedwith pictures relation to Divide theclass act assupporters the USAand into twogroups.Letonegroup of Narrate Activity headquarters at Brussels, Belgium. headquarters atBrussels, Today, theEuropean and Union functionshas 28memberstates from its implemented. managed by common monetary wereinstitutions subsequently planned and The monetary policy and a common currency (Euro) to replace national currencies Union. The Maastricht(Netherlands)Treaty signed on Feb. 1992 created theEuropean established. European coal and Steel Community and European Economic community are Since, the Council of Europe had no real power, European Defence Community, The Council ofEurope headquartersatStrasbourg with was established. In May 1949 ten countries metin London and signed to form a Council of Europe. iv) iii) ii) i) the statesofWestern Europe. TheEuropeans countrieswanted - One of themomentousdecisions taken in the postWorld War IIera was tointegrate them onacontinentalscale. USSR. Germany. to make full resourcesuse oftheeconomic and military of Europe by organizing to form a third force in the world to counter-balance thestrength of theUS and to create Europe aunited toresist any threat from Soviet Russia. to prevent further European wars by ending the rivalry between France and www.kalvikural.com the history of transformation (SELF ACTIVITY) (SELF ACTIVITY) 74 of Council of Europe into an UNIT -IV European UNIT -IV X 1965 1960 1955 1950 1945 Time Line Time www.kalvikural.com Warsaw pact(1955) Formation ofUNO(1945) Belgrade Conference (1961) Suez canalcrisis(1956) SEATO )1954) NATO (1949) Time Line XG DFD 75 GW 1 Unit=5years Scale G anga

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 6. Who was 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. G I

HISTORY anga d) c) b) a) c) a) c) Ans: a) a) Vidyasagar c) Parsi a) Act of1856? Movement c) a) c) a) Who was SwamiShradhananda? Whose voice wasRast Goftar? Whose campaign and work led tothe enactment of WidowRemarriage Reform What was thenameof theSamajthatwasfounded byDayanandSaraswati? In whichyearwasSati abolished? Choose the Correct Choosethe Answer founder ofSamathuva Samajam. intheAryaone whocausedsplit Samaj inBrahmoone whocausedsplit SamajofIndia a discipleofSwami Vivekananda Gurunanak DayalBaba Das Ramakrishna Mission Parsi Movement Annie Besant Iswarchandra Vidyasagar Prarthana Samaj Arya Samaj 1826 1827 UNIT 5 www.kalvikural.com thefounderofNamdhariMovement? SOCIAL ANDRELIGIOUSREFORM MOVEMENTS IN THE19TH CENTURY BOOK EXERCISEBOOK d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) Ans: c)onewhocaused splitinAryaSamaj Jyotiba Phule RamsinghBaba Dravida MahajanaSabha Aligarh Movement Jyotiba Phule Raja RamMohan Roy Adi Brahmo Samaj Brahmo Samaj 1927 1829 76 Ans: b)1829 Ans: b)BabaRamsingh Ans: a)Iswarcahndra Ans: a)AryaSamaj UNIT -V 16. 15. 14. RajaRammohan Roywasdeeplyinfluencedby 13. 12. wasone 11. ______10. 9. 8. 7. UNIT -V a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) and thoughts. c) a) c) Ans: a) a) c) a) Dayananda Saraswathi c) Debendranath wasa ______reformer. Raja Rammohan Roy gavehisfullsupportforthe introductionof______. The legislation abolishing Satiwasannounced by ______in1829. RammohanRoywas______.Mother Tongue ofRaja The ______class. English EducationproducedanewEnglish-educated Who was theauthorof thebookSatyarthaprakash? Who was thefounderofWidowRemarriageAssociation? Moderate Local government system Burdha Ripon Bentinck William Monotheism Polytheism Hindi Sanskrit Raja Rammohan Roy Ambedkar Gandhiji Western Poor High Annie Besant Dayananda Saraswathi Jyotiba Phule M.G. Ranade Communist English educated www.kalvikural.com oftheearlierreformersinfluenced byWesternideas. ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS middle class b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) Extremist Child marriage English education Curzon Dalhousie Communism Idol worship Bengali English Vivekananda E.V.Ramasamy Foreign Eastern Common Middle Swami Shradanatha Vaikunda Swamy Ayyankali Devendranath Tagore Constitutional came 77 under ______andanti-idolatry. influence Ans: b)Middle Ans: a)M.G.Ranade Ans: a)Moderate Ans: b)Englisheducation Ans: a)WilliamBentinck Ans: c)Monotheism Ans: d)Bengali Ans: c)RajaRammohanRoy Ans: a)Western of ______G anga ideas

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 27. 26. 25. 24. 23. 22. TheDeccanEducationSocietywasstartedin______. 21. Dr.AtmaRamPandurangwasthefounderof______. 20. 19. 18. 17. G anga a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) Ans: a) a) c) Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar In 1893, the movement of the Arya Samaj split over the question of ______. The Arya Samaj started a number of Dayanada ______schools andcolleges. The book______waswrittenbySwamiDayananda Saraswathi. Arya Samaj wasfounded intheyear______. Jotiba Phuleauthored thebook______(Slavery). The Widow’sRemarriage ReformActwaspassed in______. ofmodernThe pioneer Bengaliprosewas______. A splittook placeinBrahma samajin______. Keshab ChandraSenjoinedtheBrahmasamaj in ______. 1858 1857 1828 Social reformsSocial Doctrinal purity Sanskrit-oriental Indo-Vedic Gulamgiri Sathyartha prakash 1865 1885 Sathyartha Prakash Mission 1900 1884 Prarthana Samaj Arya Samaj 1856 1858 Rabindranath Tagore Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar 1868 www.kalvikural.com b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) 1866 1885 1829 Religious reforms Property Anglo-Vedic Anglo-oriental Thiruarutpa Wisdom 1855 1875 Gulamgiri Original Truth 1905 1885 Aligarh Movement Brahmo Samaj 1882 1857 Devendranath Tagore Raja Rammohan Roy 1885 78 Ans: b)1866 Ans: c)1857 Ans: a)Doctrinalpurity Ans: d)Anglo-Vedic Ans: a)Satyarthaprakash Ans: b)1875 Ans: d)Gulamgiri Ans: a)1884 Ans: c)PrarthanaSamaj Ans: c)1856 UNIT -V 18. 17. Theopinions ofRaja Rammohan Roy were resisted 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 28. II UNIT -V Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: c) a) Ans: Raja Rammohan Roy opened atempleinCalcutta where there was no______. Brahmo Samaj was founded by Raja Rammohan Roy in______. Theosophical Society was toIndia shifted at______, Chennaiin1886. Theosophical Society was founded intheUSA in______. The World Congress Religions of inChicagowas heldin______. Narendra NathDatta was laterknownas______. The chiefdisciple/prime follower ofParamahamsa was ______. ‘Jiva isSiva’ living beings (all are God)saidby ______. Oru Paisa Tamilan was startedby ______. ______brought tremendous changesinthecaste structure inKerala. ______was theforerunner ofAkaliMovement. Ramakrishna Missionwas by established ______. SatyarthaprakashThe Book enumerates thepositive principlesof______. Gulumgir was written by ______. Satyashodak Samajwas launchedby ______. The founder ofPoona Sarvajanik Sabhawas ______. ______founded the Samarasa Vedha Sanmarga Sangam. Ramakrishna wasasimple priestof______nearKolkata. Fill in the blanks inthe Fill Dakshineswar GayaBuddha www.kalvikural.com ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS d) b) Bhuvaneshwar Varanasi 79 Swami Dayananda Saraswathi

fiercely by ______. Mahadev GovindRanade Ramalinga Swamigal Ans: Ans: Ans: c)Dakshineswar Ans: Ans: Ans: Jyotiba Phule Jyotiba Phule Orthodox Hindus Iyothee Thassar Narayana Guru Singh Sabha Swami Vivekananda Ans: Ans: Adayar Vivekananda Vivekananda Ramakrishna Ans: Ans: Ans: G anga Image 1828 1875 1893

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 2. 1. 28. 27. 26. 25. 24. 23. 22. 21. 20. 19.

G III anga Ans: Ans: c) Ans: a) Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: ______. ______. Ans: ______. iii) ii) i) iv) iii) ii) i) Formation of______was alandmarkinthehistory ofIndian Muslim education. ______was the founder of Sadhu Jana Paripalana Sangam in Thiruvananthapuram. ofVaikundaThe cult Swamigal was knownas______. Vaikunda Swamikal founded thepeopleofvarious ______tounite all castes. Ramalinga a free established feeding house for everyone irrespectiveat ofcaste The Namdhari Movement was a socio-religious movement among the Sikhs founded by Nirankari Movement stress theworshipofgodas______(formless). The The cry‘GobacktoVedas’ was given by ______. death ofRajaAfter the Rammohan Roy, ______becamethesuccessor. iv) Choose the Correct Choosethe Statement i) ,ii) andiii)are correct i) iscorrect primary (T) Jyotiba Phuleworked fortheupliftmentof men. Prarthana Samaj encouragedinterdining and inter-castemarriage. Prarthana Samaj wasfoundedbyDr. Atma RamPandurang. Raja RamMohan Roywas supported by GovernorGeneral William Bentinck. He publishedtracts againstcondemningsocial evils. He encouragedidolatry. Raja RamMohan Roy preachedmonotheism. Prarthana Samaj hadit’sorigininthePunjab. www.kalvikural.com achievements of the (F) d) b) Arya i) ,iii) andiv)are correct i) andii) are correct 80 Samaj Ans: Ans: Ans: d) i),iii) andiv)arecorrect Vadalur Baba Ram Singh Nirankar Spread ofeducation Swami Dayanand Saraswathi Debendranath Tagore Anglo-Oriental College Ayyankali Ayyan Vazhi (thePathofAyya) Samathuva Samajam were in the (F) (T) (F) fields (T) of social (T) reform UNIT -V (T) and 6. Hewasgreatlyinfluenced bythePrinciples ofHinduism. ii) 5. 4. 3. UNIT -V c) a) c) Ans: a) d) c) b) a) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion c) a) c) a) Ans: iv) iii)  ii) i) iv) iii) i) iv) iii) ii) i) iii) iscorrect i) iscorrect iii) iscorrect i) iscorrect Reason iscorrect butassertion isirrelevant are wrongBoth Assertion iscorrect andthereason isapttotheassertion Assertion iscorrect butreason isnotapttotheassertion iii) iscorrect i) iscorrect i) andii) are correct i) iscorrect Association. practices. health care,reliefintimeofcalamities. Jyotiba Phuleworked fortheuplift ofuppercastepeople. Mahdev Govind Ranade was the ofthe founder Widow Marriage Prarthana Samaj wasfoundedbyIshwar Chandra Vidyasagar. Prarthana Samaj wasasimilarmovement to theBrahmaSamaj. Keshab lefttheSamaj andfoundedanew organisation. In 1866,asplitoccurred intheranksofBrahmo Samaj. Keshab Chandra Sen joinedthe movement in1800A,D. Ramakrishna opposed thePartitionofBengal. Ramakrishna established theRamakrishna Mission. Ramakrishna emphasised thespiritual through ecstatic with union god Ramakrishna Mission actively involved in socialcauses such as education, Ans: : a)Assertion iscorrectbut reasonisnot apttotheassertion

remarriage. Jyotiba child marriage Phule opposed and supportedwidow Jyotiba Phuleopenedorphanageandhomesforwidows. (T) (T) www.kalvikural.com ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) iii) andiv)are correct i) andiii) are correct iii) andiv)are correct i) andii) are correct iv) alonecorrect i) andii) are correct ii) iscorrect iii) andiv)are correct 81 b) i)andiii)arecorrect d) iii)andiv)arecorrect (T) Ans: Ans: (F) b) i) and ii) are correct c)i)andii)are correct (F) (F) (F) G anga (T)

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 1. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. Helaunchedamagazine calledDravidaNaadu. (F) iii) 8. Hisideasbreda iii) 7. 2. G IV anga c) a) Ans: d) c) b) a) c) Ans: a) Ans: Brahmo Samaj Debendranath Iswarchandra Vidyasagar DayalBaba Das Thiruvarutpa Ayyavazhi (R) Reason Assertion (A) iv) ii) i) iv) ii) i) Prarthana Samaj Match the Following Match the iii) iscorrect i), ii) andiii) are correct Reason iscorrect butassertion isirrelevant are wrongBoth Assertion iscorrect andthereason isapttotheassertion Assertion iscorrect butreason isnotapttotheassertion iii) iscorrect i), ii) andiii) are correct He statedaweekly journalOruPaisaTamilan in1907.(T) It raisedthevoice forthetempleentryof Brahmins. (F) Pandithat Iyothee ThassarfoundedtheAdvaidananda Sabha.(T) ofReligionswasheld The WorldCongress in London,England.(F) He wastheprime followerofRamakrishna Paramahamsa.(T) Swami Vivekananda establishedRamakrishna Mission.(T) www.kalvikural.com Ans: : : b) Assertion iscorrectand thereason isapttotheassertion College foundedbyhim. Aligarh Movement. It was centred around the Aligarh Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental Sayyid Ahmed Khanstarted a movement which is known an sense ofself-confidenceamongtheIndians.(T) ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS - - - - - d) b) d) iii) andiv)are correct b) i)andiv)are correct e) d) c) b) a) Songs ofGraceSongs Vaikunda Swamigal Adi Bramo Samaj Nirankari Widows Remarriage Reform Act iii) andiv)are correct i) andiii) are correct 82 - - a) i),ii) and iii)arecorrect a) i)andiv)arecorrect a) b) H.P. Blavatsky Swami Dayanand Saraswathi 1 –d,2e,3b,4a,5c UNIT -V 4. Assessthe roleofAyyankali infightingforthe 3. 2. 1. 5. 4. 3. V UNIT -V                 Ans:  Write anote onreforms ofRamalingaAdigal. Discuss Mahadev Govind Ranade’scontribution tosocialreforms. Mention the fourarticles offaithlaiddownbyMaharishi DebendranathTagore? Samarasa SuddhaSanmarga Sathya Sanga Theosophical movement Arya Samaj Answer briefly He also established a free feeding housefor everyone irrespective of casteat Vadalur. Pure Truth inUniversal self-hood’. He established the Samarasa Vedha Sanmarga Sangam which means ‘Society for He showedhiscompassionandmercy living thingsincluding plants. onall He campaignedandraised funds toeducatethelower castePulaya people. roads usedby casteHindus. He rode on an ox-cart challenging the ‘ban’ on untouchables from accessing public for lowercastes. As a protest,he wore upper thatwerecastes clothesassociatedwith prohibited He fought for basicrightsincludingaccess topublicspacesandentryschools. movement. The discrimination faced asachild turned him into a leaderofan anti-caste Sabha andDeccan EducationSociety. He was the founder of the Widow Marriage Association, the Poona Sarvajanik of womenanddepressed classes. He devoted his life develop inter-castemarriage, widow remarriage and improvement Mahadev Govind Ranade was one of the distinguished members of Prarthana Samaj. consistsinlovingBelief HimanddoingHiswill. next. Our salvation depends in on belief Him and in His worship in this world and the omnipresent, second. theOnewithout He created theUniverse. In the beginning there was nothing. The one Supreme alone existed who Being The four articlesoffaith are- His voluminous songswere compiledand published under thetitle‘Thiruvarutpa’. alone is the www.kalvikural.com God of Truth, Infinite 83 - - - Wisdom, e) d) c) cause of“untouchables.” Raja Ram Mohanrai Dr. Atma Ram Randurang Ramalinga Adigal 1 –e,2d,3b,4a,5c Goodness, and Power, G anga eternal,

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. G anga            marginalized. women, ,polygamy, childmarriage,meaninglessreligious ritesandceremonies. Sati was abolished. It triedtoeradicate idol worship, subjugation(suppression) of practices. Examaple–Arya Samaj. be dying or being diluted. Its tendencyor desire is to revive a former customsand Revival Movement: Example –Brahmo Samaj. can institutions change ultimately the fundamental system and structure of society. Reformist Movement: What was theimpact ofIyotheeThassar’svisit to SriLanka. Highlight the work done by Jyotiba Phule forthewelfare of the poor andthe List thesocial evilseradicated byBrahmoSamaj. What are the differences between Reformist Movements and Revival Movements? What was theimpact ofSwamiVivekananda’s activist ideology? It isamovement torevive avaluable social or religiousto which seems institution The movement thatbelieves thatgradual change through and existing within Jyotiba Phuleopenedorphanagesandhomesfor widows. depressed classesandwomen. Jyotiba Phule and his wife, Savitribai Phule devoted their lives for ofthe theuplift He opposedchildmarriageandsupportedwidowremarriage. Brahmin massestoself-respect andambition. He launched the ‘Satyashodak Samaj (Truth Seekers Society) to stirthenon- He openedthefirstschoolfor ‘untouchables’inPoona. caste thatbadlyaffected theHindussociety. that He stated the revival could liberate of Buddhism thepeople from the evil of the rational religious philosophy through religion. Buddhist In the sameyear, he founded theSakya Society Buddhist atMadras toconstruct Iyothee Sri Lankain1898andconverted Thassarvisited toBuddhism. the Swadeshi Movement inspired by Vivekananda. Many of theyouths who were involved in nationalist struggle the militant during many western-educationyoung Bengalis. Vivekananda’s activistideology rekindled the desire for change among political Hindu Society. He emphasized a cultural nationalism and made to Indiana call youth to regenerate www.kalvikural.com

84 UNIT -V 13. 12. 11. 10. UNIT -V        people?         women?  Write anote onDeobandMovement. What What was thereason fortheformationofTheosophical Movement? What was the role played byIshwar Chandra Vidyasagar towards the upliftof not given importance. The a leaders started school in which English education and culturewestern were one was encouraging ofJihad the spirit against the foreign and un-Islamic elements. First onewas propagating the pure teachings of theQuran and Second the Hadith. the twinobjective. Deoband was a revivalist movement organised by theOrthodox Muslim Ulema with agrandHe established templeatAruvipuram anddedicatedit toall. ofthe‘depressedthe uplift classes’. up the SriNarayanaHe set Dharma Paripalana Yogam, an organization to workfor garments. Men and women belongingwerethe upper towear tolowercastes notallowed streets, andeducationalinstitutions. publictanks,wells In his days, thepeopleofdepressedwereclasses notpermitted into the temples, USA. This was thereason for theformation of Theosophical Movement in 1875 in the remedy orientationoftheWest. tothematerialistic of the WesternSome lookedintellectuals to theEastfor salvationspiritual as a West mainlybecauseofChristianmissionarypropaganda. During the nineteenthcentury, Hindu religion and culture were discredited in the widowhood. This Act was intended to improve thechild widows and save themfrom perpetual Due tohisefforts, Widow’s Remarriage Reform Actof1856was passed. society. He dedicatedhis whole life for the bettermentof the child widows of the Hindus up anumberofschools. He played aleading role in promoting education of girls and helped them in setting widows. He was against the burning of widows and the prohibition on the remarriage of Muslims intheoverall contextofIndian unity. The movement gave a concreteshape to protect Islam and rights ofthe political were the contributions www.kalvikural.com ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS of Narayana 85 Guru to uplift the depressed G anga class

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 1. 15. 14. 2. G VI anga    ii) i) Namethe collegewhich waslaterraisedtothe iv) iii) WhywereEnglishbookstranslatedintoUrudu? ii) i)        Aligarh Movement. Write anote onParsi ReformMovementinIndia. What were thecontributions ofVaikundaSwamikal toreformthesociety? Ramalinga Adigal. Answer questions allthe given undereach caption Thiruvarutpa. Comparison andmercy living beingsincludingplantsisJeevakarunya. onall Mohammedan Anglo-OrientalCollege. To accept Western science andtake upgovernment services. Sir Sayyid AhmedKhan. To spread moderneducationtotheMuslim community. Wacha whoplayed abigrole intheearlyCongress. The community produced many leaderssuch as Pherozeshah Mehta and Dinshaw They opposedbothinfant marriageandtheuseofastrology. and funerals. The leaders of the Sabha criticized elaborate ceremonies at betrothals, marriages TruthRast Goftar(The Teller) was themainvoice ofthemovement. Community. Furdunji Naoroji founded the Parsis’ Reform Societythe Parsi in 1851 to uplift began inMumbai. In the middle of the nineteenth century, the reform of the educated Parsiactivities His ideasare ‘Akila intoatextcalled collected Thirattu’. beliefs.superstitious His message emancipated the people from the unjust social customs and organized inter-dining toaccomplish it. He founded Samathuva the people of variousSamajam all to unite He castes. He condemnedtheworshipofidolsandanimalsacrificetogod. What are theSongsofGrace? What isJeevakarunya? Who isconsideredthe soulofthisMovement? What isthe mainaim ofthisMovement? www.kalvikural.com 86 statusofaUniversity? UNIT -V 5. 4. 3. UNIT -V i) iv) Nameany twoprominent leadersofthesamaj? iii) ii) i) iv) iii) ii) i) iv) iii) Swami Vivekanada Prarthana samaj Deoband Movement. M.G. Ranade. R.C. Bhandurang andMahadevGovind Ranade. Dr. Atma Ram Randurang 1867 ii) i) ii) i) Ulema undertheleadershipof ii) i) Orthodox MuslimUlema. Vadalur. afreeHe established feeding housefor every oneirrespective ofcaste. Sangam? Swami Vivekananda Who was thePrimeFollower ofRamakrishnaParamahamsa? Who was thefounderofWidowMarriageAssociation? Who was thefounder? When was prarthana samaj founded? Against whom thefatwa wasissuedbyDeoband Ulema? theschoolatDeoband? Who founded What were thetwomain objectivesoftheMovement? Who were theorganizers ofthisMovement? Where did heestablish hisfreefeedinghouse? Point outthemajor Samarasa contribution of Vedha Sanmarga Sathya ‘The MuhammadanAnglo-Oriental Association. ‘The UnitedPatriotic Association’and Rashid AhmadGangotri. Muhammad QasimWanotavi and Encouraging thespirit ofJihad againsttheforeign and un-Islamic elements. Propagating thepure oftheQuran teachings andthe Hadith. www.kalvikural.com ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS 87 G anga

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 1. 6. G VII anga iv) iii) ii)   Contrast:   Comparison : Example –Brahmo Samaj. can institutions change ultimately the fundamental system and structure of society. Reformist Movement and practices. Example–Arya Samaj. to bedying seems or being diluted. tendency ordesireIts istorevive aformercustoms Revival Movement is a movement torevive a valuable social or religious which institution Reform Movements. iv) iii) ii) i) Compare and contrastCompare and Revivalist thecontributions of Movements with that of movement.Theosophical Answer following the indetail of thesociety through gradual changeswithin theexistinginstitutions; The reformist movements strived to change the fundamental system and structures the society backtothegloriouspast. Revivalist movements tended to revive formeror practices customs and thustake infanticide, child marriage etc. complex alongsuperstitions, and rituals so with on. of them, All in some way or other, attacked on inhuman practices such as sati, female the statusquoinsociety wherein several deformities hadcrept in. The key similarity between thesemovements was of them that all wanted to change Adyar, Chennai. 1875. USA Madame Blavatsky andcolondH.S. Olcott. Swami Vivekananda. Chicago 1893 Who attended fromIndia? theCongress Where was theCongress held? When was theWorld Congress ofReligionheld? Where is theHeadquarters inIndia? When was itstarted? Where was movement started? Who were thefoundersofthismovement? www.kalvikural.com believes thatgradual change through and existing within 88 UNIT -V 3. 2. UNIT -V religions. philosophies of Ramkrishna Paramhansa and Vivekananda moved around harmony of Vivekananda toregenerateIndiansociety. to regenerateIndiansociety.           message wasmessage Their contribution God-consciousness. toregenerateIndian society were- Evaluate the contributions of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and Swami Vivekananda Discuss the circumstances thatledtotheReform movementsof19thcentury. They are the not supporter of any and cult showed a new path to salvation. Their Ramakrishna and Vivekananda are the19th century God-man of India. The conquest. It was an attempt torejuvenate in thesocial institutions the wake of colonial religious like ills polytheism,idolatry, casteismandgenderbias. The urge for reforms was prompted by theneedtogetrid of various social and and practices basedonblindfaith inreligion. the Indian realize intellectuals theneedtoclean the Indian society from social evils The Christian missionaries often denounced the Hindu customs and beliefs. It made culture. an attempt to defend the indigenous culture from blind aping of thewestern consciousness. New cultural emergedsituation rule were under the British The reform movements were an integral part of the emerging anti-colonial cultural developments whichencouraged socio-cultural awakening. Keshab Chandra combined the literary Sen traditions ofthepastand the modern like The scholars and writers Raja Rammohan Roy, Chandra Bankim Chatterji, and reformist ideasamongthepeople. for building aviewtodisseminatenationalist opinion. with started The newspapers The press as amedium acted of communication. They were usedasan instrument western educationactedasfuel for liberalism, rationalism andhumanism. produced early leaders ofthesocio-religious reform movements. The modern Emergence communication. bringing people closer mainly because of the development in transportation and Political, reasons for emergence ofreform movements In India. modern era. The spreadeducation of and western liberal ideas were themain The scholars. also would ruin Indian culture. So, there was a need toprotect thereligion. They were Revivalist movementsbelieved thinking that thewestern and missionary propaganda influenced reformist administrative of movements enlightened by www.kalvikural.com the rich and cultural responded middle

legal heritage 89 class unification with who of the India benefited under time brought and the by scientific colonial the to light western rule by temper G the anga education helped western of the in

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 4. G anga    Ramakrishna :     Raja RammohanRoy: to remove thesocialeveils anduplift thewomen. So, the improve theircondition, a number of reformersemerged and devoted theirlife Child marriage spread the society. The of women condition in the society was horrible. theinvasionWith of foreigners, anumber suchassati,femaleof social evils infanticide, cause ofWomen.        Vivekananda:   Write an essay on the role played by the 19th century reformers towards the status. He supported and advocated women’s right to education and their equal social Government topassanActabolishing Satiin1829. He began a movement toabolish this barbariccustomand persuaded the British abolishing thepractice ofSatisystem. The main contribution of Raja Ram Mohan Roy was his relentlessefforts in He was notablesocialreformer ofIndia andalsothefounder ofBrahmo Samaj. achievementsto thematerialist oftheWest. His weaknesses. himself thetaskofawakening his countrymen and reminding them of their He urged his countrymen toworkfor theirown salvation. So, he took upon degradation”. Vivekananda frankly “Westated, are responsible for our our miseryand all all no hopefor thefuture were prevalent everywhere. After an all-India tour, he found that “poverty, immorality, loss of mental vigour and The questionthatagitatedhimwas thedegenerated ofhismotherland. condition Hindus society. He emphasised acultural nationalism to Indianand made a call youth to regenerate tendency todefend every was simply it institution because religion.with connected He advocated the practical Vedanta tohumanityof service and attacked the Mission. The best way to serve God is to serve mankind. It is the motto ofRamakrishna He said‘Jiva isSiva’ living beingsare (all god). salvation. In his view, religions all contain the universal elements which would lead to singing bhajans. He emphasised union the spiritual god with through delightful practicessuch as Hindu practices. He accepted the sanctity faiths of all idolatry and criticised other orthodox ideas www.kalvikural.com bred a sense of self-confidence 90 among Indians who felt inferior UNIT -V in relation

2. 1. VIII UNIT -V   Dr. AtmaRamPandurnag:      Jyotiba Phule:     Ishwar Chandravidyasagar:     Swmai DayanandSaraswati: Debate on Socialevils of19th centurywiththat ofpresentday. Role-play bystudents onReformersandtheirReforms of19thcenturyIndia. Activity and improvement ofwomenanddepressed classes. devotedHe his life for theinter-castedining, inter-castemarriage, widow remarriage development ofwomen. Dr. Atma Ram Pandurang was the founder of Arya Samaj. It worked for the a homefor suchpoorandexploited women. remarriage; he was very sympathetic tothecauseofdistressed women and opened Jyotiba was also against child-marriages and was a great supporterofwidow was welcomedtostudythere. There was no discrimination on the lines of religion, or creedcaste and everyone Ina bigger and 1851, he started betterschool for girls which became very popular. In country. Hiswife Savitribai taughtthere asateacher. In His firstandforemost workwas inthefieldofwomen’s education. rights towidowsmarryagain. of his effort,Because the Widow Remarriage Act, 1856 was passed which gave elevate theirposition. of widows among Hindus was very pathetic.Vidyasagar workedto persistently He was a great supporterofwidow remarriages. In those times, the condition in Hindureligious textsfor thesepractices. He argued against polygamy and child marriage and said that there is no sanction society. His main contribution was towardsof thewomenin the status the theuplifting education. Further, he encouraged Sudras and women’s right to read Vedas and to attain high He supportedinter-caste marriagesandwidowremarriages. He startedcampaignagainstUntouchability, Child Marriage,etc. He startedthereform movement inthePunjab the nameofArya Samaj. 1848, 1848, Jyotiba Jyotiba opened www.kalvikural.com opened a school a (SELF ACTIVITY) (SELF ACTIVITY) school

for 91 for girls; girls;

it was it a was first a girls’ first school girls’

school ever in G the ever anga country. in the

Xth Std Social Science HISTORY Xth Std Social Science HISTORY 3. G IX anga discussed inthelesson. Studentswrite can an assignment the presenton state the reform organizations of 1875 1870 1865 1860 1855 Time Line Time www.kalvikural.com Samarasa Vedha Sanmarga Sangam(1865) Widow’s Remarriage Act(1855) Arya Samaj(1875) Sathyashodak samaj(1870) Prarthana Samaj(1867 Time Line (SELF ACTIVITY) XG DFD 92 GW 1 Unit=5years Scale UNIT -V 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. TheNorth-south extent ofIndiais______. 1. I GEOGRAPHY UNIT -I c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) The highest peakinSouthThe highest India is ______. The Palk StraitandGulf ofMannarseparatesIndia from ______. A landmass boundedbyseaonthreesidesisreferred toas______. coversDeccan Plateau anareaofabout______. ______riverisknown as‘SorrowofBihar’. The extentofHimalayas intheEast-westisabout ______. The Southernmostpoint ofIndia is______. Choose the Correct Choosethe Answer Sri Lanka Goa Peninsula Coast 5 lakh 8 lakh Kosi Narmada 800 km 2,500 km Indira Point Andaman 3,214 km 2,500 km Anaimudi Ooty UNIT 1 INDIA -LOCATION, RELIEF www.kalvikural.com BOOK EXERCISEBOOK AND DRAINAGE d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) Maldives West Bengal Strait Island 7 lakh 6 lakh Damodar Godavari 2,200 km 2,400 km Kavartti Kanyakumari 2,814 km 2,933 km Jindhagada Kodaikanal 93 Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: c) Anaimudi c) SriLanka c) Peninsula d) 7lakh c) Kosi a) 2,500km c) IndiraPoint c) 3,214km G anga

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. G anga a) c) a) c) a) c) a) Time (GMT). c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) Ans: ______ispopularly knownasthe‘Roofof theworld’. is ______StandardTime(IST) The Indian Greenwich hrs Mean ahead of meridianIndia’s central is______longitude. A difference of1°will makeadifferenceof______minutes. ______willbethe newcapitalofAndraPradesh. The southernmostpoint ofmainlandIndiais ______. India sharesshortest borderwith______. India isthe ______largestcountry inAsia. Pulicat Lakeislocated betweenthestatesof______. ______Plainsare formedbytheolderalluviums. West andOdisha Bengal Bhangar Bhabar Pamir Knot Mt. Everest 5.30 5 82°30’ N 82°30’ E 3 5 Thirupathi Hyderabad Port Plair Kanniyakumari Myanmar Nepal Fifth Third Odisha andAndhra Pradesh www.kalvikural.com ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) Karnataka andKerala Khadar Tarai Ladak Range Karakorum Range 6 4 82°30’ S 82°30’ W 2 4 Secunderabad Amaravati Chochin Indira Point Bhutan Afghanistan Second Seventh Tamil NaduandAndhra Pradesh. 94 d) TamilNaduandAndhraPradesh Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: c) Bhangar d) Second c) PamirKnot a) 82°30’E b) 4 b) Amaravati a) Kanniyakumari b) Afghanistan c) 5.30 UNIT -I 29. 28. 27. RiverNarmada divides theplateauregionofIndia broadlyinto______. 26. ______markthe North-westernboundary oftheplateauregion. 25. 24. 23. 22. 21. 20. 19. UNIT -I c) a) ______. c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) are called______intheWest. c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) The Eastern Ghatsjoin theWesternGhatsat ______hills. Chhota-Nagpur The Western partofthe CentralHighlandisknown asthe______Plateau. The PeninsularPlateau isan______plateau region. The longitudinal valleys between found the Siwaliks and the Lesser Himalayas The Greater Himalayas ortheHimadrirangeis the ______ofallranges. The Trans-Himalayas isknownas______Himalayas. ______rangeis theoldestfoldmountain range inIndia. The term ______is derived from Sanskrit whichmeans ‘The Abodeofsnow’. Iron andBauxite Iron ore andcopper Shillong Malwa Four parts Two parts Satpura range Vindya mountains Indian Old rocky Glaciers Duars Parallel Continuous Southern Eastern Karakoram Vindya Himalayas Mt. Fuji Nilgiri Palani Plateau www.kalvikural.com region d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) is Iron ore andcoal Coal andcopper Deccan Chhota–Nagpur Five parts Three parts Guru Sikar Aravalli hills Desert New rocky Plains Duns Shorter Discontinuous Northern Western Aravalli Satpura Thar Mt. Everest Kolli Cardamom very 95 rich in mineral Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: a)Oldrocky a) Continuous b) Western d) Aravalli c) Himalayas c) Nilgiri d) Ironoreandcoal a) Malwa a) Twoparts b) Aravallihills b) Duns resources G particularly anga

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 39.  38. 37.  36. 35. 34. 33. ______Channel 32. 31. 30. G anga a) c) a) c) a) Godavari. c) a) c) a) Sudarbans in______. c) a) c) Ten Degree b) a) c) Twenty five Degree a) Channel. Five Degree d) c) a) Twenty five Degree c) a) c) ______is thefreshwater lake the located inthedeltaic region of ______islongest riveramongthePeninsular riversofIndia. Rivers Ganga andBrahmaputra creates the world’s largest delta known as The river Gangaoriginates as______from theGangotriGlacier. The ______river systemisthelargestdrainage system ofIndia. Lakshadweep islands are separated from the Maldive Islands by the ______The Southernmosttip ofIndia,theIndiraPoint isapartof______Island. The secondlargestbeach intheworldis______. ______isafamous Marin Drive beach Kolleru Chilka Vembanad Pulicat Godavari Krishna Bangladesh India Glacier Bhagirathi Ganga Brahmaputra Eight Degree Lakshadweep Andaman Eight Degree Marina beach www.kalvikural.com separatesAndamanfrom backwaterlakefound intheWesternCoastalPlain. b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) d) b) b) d) Juhu beach Vembanad Pulicat Kolleru Chilka Narmada Kaveri Bhutan Nepal Jhelum Padma Yamuna Indus Five Degree Maldive Nicobar Ten Degree Kovalam beach 96 Nicobargroupofislands. Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: d)Kolleru b) Nicobar b) TenDegree c) Marinabeach d) Vembanad c) Godavari c) Bangladesh a) Bhagirathi c) Ganga c) EightDegree UNIT -I

50. 49. 48. 47. 46. 45. 44. ______isthelargest amongtheWestflowing riversofPeninsularIndia. 43. 42. 41. 40. UNIT -I c) a) c) a) Nicobar groupofIslands. c) a) c) a) c) a) Purifier c) a) c) a) c) a) Kaveri. c) a) c) a) c) a) Pushkar Lake inRajasthan ispopularlyknown as ______. ______isthelargest tributaryof RiverGanga. India’s only active volcano is on ______found Island in Andaman and MeridianIndia’s Central passesthrough______, nearAllahabad. India is politically divided into ______states and ______Union territories. Mahanadi emptiesits waterin______. The river Brahmaputra isknownasTsangpowhich means______inTibet. The Kaveri breaks at ______Island with two channels – river Coleroon and The river ______iscalledDhakshinGanga orGangaofSouth. The river Kaverioriginates atTalakaveri,______hillsofKarnataka. Gomti Kosi Amindivi Pitt Mirzapur Kanpur 29 and8 29 and7 Indian Ocean Bay ofBengal Holy water Godavari Krishna Srirangam Srirangapatnam Godavari Krishna Kudagu Kodaikkanal Pulicat Lake LakeSalt www.kalvikural.com d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) Pure white d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) Gandak Yamuna Barren Minicoy Patna Varanasi 28 and8 28 and7 River Ganga Arabian Sea Goddess mother Narmada Kaveri Thanjavur Mettur Narmada Kaveri Gurushikar Mahabaleshwar Chilka Lake Kolleru Lake 97 Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: d)Narmada c) Srirangam b) Kaveri c) Kudagu a) SaltLake b) Yamuna d) Barren c) Mirzapur a) 29and7 a) BayofBengal c) Purifier G anga

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 25. 24. 23. 22. 21. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. G II anga

Kavaratti River Padma Tsangpo Vridha Ganga Dhakshin Ganga Sundarbans Jamuna Tsangpo Yamuna Indira Point Great Indian desert Himachal Himadri Adobe of snow Roof oftheworld Srilanka Myanmar China Afghanistan Pakistan Coromandel Coast Mt. GodwinAusten (K2) New alluvium Yamuna Tsangpo Match the Following Match the www.kalvikural.com

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS ------e) Bangladesh d) c) Godavari b) a) e) d) c) b) a) e) d) c) b) a) e) North–west d) c) North b) a) e) d) c) b) a) Brahmaputra Lakshadweep Islands Kaveri Largest delta Tibet Nicobar island Bangladesh Tributary Greater Himalyas Himalayas Pamir Knot Thar desert Lesser Himalayas South West East Khadhar partofEastCoastPlain Southern River Brahmaputra inTibet Highest peakinIndia Tributary of river ganga 98 Ans: 21-a,22 -c,23d,24e,25b Ans: 16-c,17 -a,18d,19b,20e Ans: 11-c,12 -d, 13-e,14a,15b Ans: 6-b,7 -e,8c,9a,10b Ans: 1-c,2 - a,3e,4b,5d UNIT -I 5. 4. 3. NorthIndian Riversare perennial. 2. 1. III UNIT -I  Reasons :    Reasons :     Reasons :     Reasons :     Reasons :  The Eastern statesare calledsevensisters. The Great IndianDesertiscalled Marusthali. Chottanagpur Plateau isrichinmineralresources. Himalayas arecalled young foldmountains. Give reasons There are sevenin side of Indiathe Eastern states such asAssam, Arunachal of thedead’. The word marusthali has beenderived from word theSanskrit which means ‘land (Marusthali) andii) desertregion. Semi There are major two divisions in They the TharareDesert. – i) regionActual desert The desertcovers 2/3ofRajasthan State. Therefore, Chottanagpur plateauisalsorichinmineral resources. today. Magama magma. The The plateauregions are formed ofyears millions back. So, theNorthIndian Rivers are perennial. which iscovered snow. with In India,Indian the North almostall Riversoriginate from theHimalayan range Perennial rivers originatefrom usually mountainoussnowyregions orglaciers. Perennial rivers flowthroughout theyear except duringextreme drought. So, Himalayas are young called fold mountains. They have beenformed onlyfew years millions ago. activity. Hemalayas are formed becauseofthefolding due to tectonic of theEarthcrust Fold Mountainsare formed oneanother. with whentwotectonicplatescollide So, theyare asSeven togethercalled sisters. Pradesh, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, NagalandandTripura. ancient is a shield rich www.kalvikural.com reserve was formed of many out 99 minerals of volcanic which eruptions are of commercial and contains G significance anga solidified

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 11. 10. 9. Howcanwesawthat 8. 7. 6. G anga   Reasons :    Reasons :    Reasons :    Reasons :   Reasons :   Reasons : Eastern Coastal Plain isafertileregion.Why? The Trans–Himalayas isknownas‘TibeteanHimalayas’. Why? ‘Himalaya’ isknownas ‘TheAbodeofSnow’. India isknown as‘Subcontinent’.Why? The river Godavariis often referredasVridhaGanga. It spread outinJammu andKashmir andTibeteanplateau. It liestotheNorthofGreat Himalayas. So, Himalaya isalsoknownas‘TheAbodeofSnow’. The term‘Himayala’ isderived from whichmeans‘TheAbodeofSnow’. Sanskrit Himalayan range iscompletelycovered snowthroughout with theyear. Hence, India islocatedoftheNorth-easternhemisphere. India extendsfrom 8°4’Nto37°6’latitudes and68°7’Eto97°25’longitudes. Hence, India isknownas‘subcontinent’. naturalclimate, vegetation, minerals, humanresources, etc. India posses a distinct continental characteristicsin physiography, characters, among thepeninsularrivers. So, is it often referred to as Vidha Ganga mainly largebecause of its size and extent peninsular rivers. Godavari is the longestriver (1,465an areakm) with of3.13 lakh km² among the The alluvial andsoilThe alluvial and therivers make theEasternCoastalPlainafertile region. East. This rivers. The coastal plain consists mainly of therecent brought alluvial deposits by the Its areal extentismore inTibet.So, isknownasTibetean Himalayas. it www.kalvikural.com plain is watered IndiaislocatedintheNorth–eastern hemisphere? ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS by the main 100 rivers of South India

which flows towards UNIT -I the 4. 3. 2. 1. IV UNIT -I Western CoastalPlains andEastern CoastalPlains. Himadri and Himachal. Western GhatsandEastern Ghats. Himalayan Riversand PeninsularRivers. S.No. S.No. S.No. S.No. Distinguish between Distinguish following the 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 divisions ofWestern CoastalPlain. and MalabarCoastare thethree Konkan Coast,Kanara Coast Arabian Sea. It liesbetweenWestern Ghatsand Himalayan rivers are perennial rivers. are locatedinthisrange. theloftyAlmost all peaksofHimalayas Its average heightisabout 6000m. km wide. The Greater Himalayas are about25 It isknownasGreat Himalayas. Western Ghats. Anaimudi isthehighestpeakin the Western Ghats. There are three importantpassesin range. The Western Ghatsisacontinuous the West coast. The Western Ghatsrunparallel to Example :River GangaandYamuna. hydro–power generation. These rivers are for notsuitable navigation. These rivers are for suitable Western CoastalPlain Himalayan Rivers Western Ghats www.kalvikural.com Himdadri 101 Circars. are Coromandal Coast andNorthern The twodivisionsofthisCoastalPlain of Bengal. It liesbetweenEasternGhatsandBay the EasternGhats. Mahendra Giriisthehighestpeakin number ofintersectedhills. There isnopass.There are a continuous range. The EasternGhatsisnota the Eastcoast. The EasternGhatsrunparallel to Example :Kaveri andKrishna. generate hydro–power. Peninsular rivers are useful to navigation. These rivers are for notsuitable rivers. Peninsular rivers are non–perennial are locatedinthisrange. stationsoftheHimalayasMajor hill 3700 to4500m. The heightofthisrange varies to Its widthvaries upto80km. It isknownasLesserHimalayas. Eastern CoastalPlain Peninsular Rivers Eastern Ghats Himachal G anga

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY . Westflowing riversand Eastflowingrivers. 7. 6. 5. G anga Western Himalayasand WesternHimalayas. IST. GMT and S.No. S.No. S.No. 4 3 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 www.kalvikural.com km. Its average varies from 10to80 It isnotafertile region. Example :NarmadaandTapti. before outfall it thesea. These rivers never forms delta Arabian Sea. These rivers empty intothe towards West. Madhya Pradesh andflows These rivers are originatefrom It isthemostcontinuousrange. about 25kmwide. The Greater Himalayas are 6000 m. Its average heightisabout It isknownasHimadri. international timings. It isuseful tocalculate Greenwich meridian. 0° longitude isnamedas Greenwich, London. GMT meridianpassesthrough Time. GMT meansGreenwich Meant West flowingrivers Greater Himalayas ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS GMT 102 through Mirzapur, Allahabad. Indian Standard meridianpasses It meansIndian Standard Time. Example :Godavari, KrishnaandKaveri. mouth. These rivers form ahugedelta neartheir Bengal. These rivers empty intotheBay of Ghats andflowstowards East. These rivers are originatedfrom Western range. This isthemostdiscontinuous West. 10 kmintheEastto50 The widthofSiwaliks varies from 1100 metres. variesThe altitude between900to asShiwaliks.It iscalled timings. It isuseful tocalculate Indian Indian Standard meridian. as 82° 30’ELongitude called Plain. and widerthantheWestern Coastal This CoastalPlainismore extensive It isafertile region. Outer Himalayas East flowingrivers IST UNIT -I . State the 4. 3. 2. Namethe neighbouring countriesofIndia. 1. V UNIT -I                  The neighbouringcountriesofIndia are – Write ashort noteon DeccanPlateau. Give the importanceof IST. Answer briefly and covers anarea of65,145Sq.km. It is one ofthemajor rivers of Peninsular India the length with of about 724 km into theArabian Seanthrough theGulf ofCambay. The It isthelargest amongtheWest flowingrivers ofPeninsular India. a distanceofabout1,312km.andcovers 98,796 Sq.km. The seasonal rivers. Narmada, plateau. Ghats run fromThe Eastern Southwestformto Northeast edge ofthis theEastern parallel totheArabian Sea. The WesternformsGhats theWesternedge ofthePeninsular Plateau. Itruns to 1000mabove thesealevel. The area of the Plateau is about 7 lakh square km and the height ranges from 500 The shapeoftheDeccan Plateauregion isroughly triangular. Deccan Plateau. The Plateauregion of India has twodivisions namely the Central Highland and the In order toavoid thesedifferences, weare usingIndian Standard Time. 2 hours). places is 29°.18’ x4minutes= 1 Hour57minutesand (approximately12 seconds Pradesh is 29°18’. the differenceHence, in local time betweenthesetwo For example, the difference in Gujaratlongitude between and Arunachal make1° longitude will adifference of4minutesintime. The Earthrotatesthrough axisaround its 360° in 24 hours.Thus, a differenceof (intheNorth). China, NepalandBhutan Afghanistan (intheNorth-west). Pakistan (intheWest). andMyanmarBangladesh (intheEast). Tapti river Westflowing riversofIndia. Narmada rises Tapti near and www.kalvikural.com rises Multai Mahi in are of Amarkantak Madhya the 103 notable Pradesh Plateau West and in flowing Madhaya flows

towards rivers Pradesh of West. India. G and It anga They flows out falls are for

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. G anga                  The physiographic divisionsofIndia are –     Write anote onBhangarPlains. What are thelongitudinaldivisionsofHimalayas? What are theSixphysiographicdivisionsofIndia? India islocated inastrategic place.Justify. Write abrief noteon the islandgroupofLakshadweep. It isvery useful for agriculture. This soilisdarkincolour, richinhumuscontentandwell drained. landlies aboveThe Bhangar oftherivers. thefloodlimits by theoldernalluviums. representThe Bhangar the upland tractsalluvial of theGreat Plains of India, formed The AssamEasternHimalayas –Locatedbetweenrivers ofTistaandDihang. The Central-Nepal Himalayas –Locatedbetweentherivers ofKali andTista. The Kumaun Himalayas –Located between therivers ofSutlejand Kali. and Sutlej. The Kashmir-Punjab-Himachal Himalayas – Located betweentherivers ofIndus The Islands. The CoastalPlainsand The Indian Desert, The Peninsular Plateau, The Great NorthernPlains, The Himalayan Mountains, Western East,EastAsiafrom South Coastandwith theEasternCoast. It helps India to Westestablish close contactwith Asia, Africa and Europe from the and thecountriesofEastAsiaProvide astrategic central locationtoIndia. The Trans-Indian ocean routes which the countriesofEuropeconnect in the West It was namedasLakshadweepin1973. hadthree it Earlier divisionsnamelyLaccadive, Minicoy andAmindivi. Maldives Islands by theEightDegree Channel. Kavaratti administrativeis its capital. Lakshadweep islands are separated from the It covers anarea of32sq.km. Region ofIndia. groupThis is asmall of coral islands located on the Westernside ofWest Coastal www.kalvikural.com ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS 104 UNIT -I 14. 13. 12. Writeabout MalwaPlateau andChhota-Nagpur PlateauofCentralHighland. 11. 10. UNIT -I                Chhota NagpurPlateau:    Malwa Plateau:      What isthe differencebetweendistributaryand tributary? What are thecharacteristics ofHimalayanRivers? Write about theIsland ofIndia. Write about KhadarPlains. carrying its watercarrying its totheseaoralake. Distributary isabranch or outletwhich leaves amain riverand does notrejoin it, Middle andlowercoursesare navigable. forUnsuitable hydro powergeneration. Perennial innature. Long andwide. Originate from Himalayas. The uninhabited ‘Pitt Island’ ofLakshadweepgroup hasabird sanctuary. tipofIndia,The Southernmost Indira Point isapartofNicobarisland. group ofIslands. India’s only active volcano is found on IslandBarren in Andaman and Nicobar The later one has 27 islands. These islands are coral origin located in Arabian Sea. The former group consistsof572islandsandare locatedinBay ofBengal. India has twomajor island groups namely Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep. This region isvery richinmineral resources particularlyiron ore andcoal. Chhattisgarh. It covers much of Jharkhand,of Odisha, adjacent parts West and Bihar Bengal, The EasternpartoftheCentral Highlandisknown asChhota-NagpurPlateau. river Yamnuna. The rivers Chambal, Betwa and Ken drain the Malwa Plateau before theyjoin the ofAravalliIt liestotheSouth-east andtotheNorthofVidhyachal Range. The Western partoftheCentral HighlandisknownasMalwa Plateau. It ishighlyfertile soil. The Khadarlandconsistsofsand,silt, clay andmud. seasons. The Khadar tracts are enriched by fresh every of silt deposits year during rainy lands. or ‘Bet’ The new alluvium tractsalong of therivers the courses are known as the‘Khadar’ Tributary isariver water orsteadwhich contributesits to mainriver. www.kalvikural.com 105 G anga

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY . Explainthedivisions 1. G VI anga Northern MountainsNorthern function asa great wall. It is grouped into three divisions. They are- HimalayaThe term is derived from which means ‘The Abode Sanskrit of Snow’. The Importance ofHimalayas: iii) ii) i) iii) ii) i) Answer inparagraph Purvanchal (EasternHimalayas). Hills Himalayas and The Trans-Himalayas, v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v Purvanchal Hills: The Himalayas: The Trans-Hamalayas :

It forms anatural barrier tothesub-continent. Himalayas blocks Southwest monsoon winds and causes heavy rainfall to North MizoManipur Naga Hills, Hills, Tripura Hills, areJaintia Khazi Hills Hills, Hills, the areMost ofthehills locatedalongtheborders ofIndia andMyanmar. These areoff-shoot theEastern ofHimalayas. It extended in the North-eastern It ismostdiscontinuous range. Thisrange isidealsites for thesettlements. The OuterHimalayas or Shiwaliks extendfrom Jammu andKashmir toAssam. Majorstations such hill as Shimla, Mussourie, Nainital, Darjeeling are located in The average height Himalayasof Lesser orHimachal varies from 3,700 Glaciers like Gangothri,Yamunothri andsiachenare found inthisrange. the loftyAlmostall peaksare locatedin this range. i.e., Mt.Everest& The main divisions of theHimalayas are a) the GreaterHimalayas b) the thecoreIt constitutes partofNorthernMountains.It isyoung fold mountain. The prominent ranges of Trans Himalayas are Zaskar, Ladakh, Kailash and It lies inJammuandKashmir andTibetianPlateau. It lies totheNorthofGreat Himalayan range. It isalsoknownasWestern Himalayas. this range. to 4,500 m. Kanchenjunga. Lesser Himalayas andc)theSiwaliks. Karakoram. India. ofPurvanchalimportant hills Hills. states ofIndia. www.kalvikural.com of NorthernMountainsand itsimportancetoIndia. 106 UNIT -I

2. UNIT -I iv) iiii) ii) i) EAST FLOWINGRIVERS: rivers. direction from the Western Ghats. Theserivers are seasonal rivers (non-perennial). on the Based The rivers in IndiaSouth are the Peninsularcalled Rivers. Most of these rivers originate Give anaccount majorpeninsularrivers onthe ofIndia. v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v Kaveri : Krishna : Godavari : Mahanadi : Itflowsthrough Andhra

The Kaveri breaks atSrirangam Island twochannels, riverwith Coleroon and The river Kaveri originates atTalakaveri, Kudagu of Karnataka.hills Itis also It isthesecondlargest Peninsular river. The river Krishna originates from Mahabaleshwar in the WesternGhats of The river Rajahmundrydivided gets Vasisthainto two channels called and It originates from Nasik districtofMaharashtra waterand empties its in Bay of Godavari is thelongestriver among the Peninsular Rivers. Itisalso called The Mahanadiemptiesits water inBay ofBengal. The distributaries of Mahanadi form of Mahanadi the Delta which is one of the River Mahanadi originates in Raipur district ofChattisgarh. Its length is 851 km. Himalayas are renowned for therichbiodiversity. It prevents the cold winds blowing from the Central Asia and protectsIndia It provides raw materials for many forest basedindustries. Many stations and hill pilgrim centres like Amaravathi, Kedarnath, Badrinath MountainsThe Northern are describedastheparadise oftouristsdue to its It isthesourcefor many perennial riverslike Indus, Ganges,Brahmaputra etc. largest inIndia. deltas from severe cold. and Vaishnavadevi templesare here. situated natural beauty. Kaveri. asDhakshin GangaofSouth.called Mahanrashtra. Gautami andforms oneofthelargest inIndia. deltas Bengal. Vridha Ganga. of At atPoompuhar. emptiesintothe last, it Bay ofBengal flow, the peninsular www.kalvikural.com rivers Pradesh andjoinsinBay ofBengal. are 107 divided into the West flowing and G East anga flowing

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY . Whatare 4. 3. G anga ) Narmada i) WEST FLOWINGRIVERS: i) regions. characteristics, Plains the Northern of India is divided into the following four major On the basis ofsedimentsbyof deposition various rivers and to pographical           ii) Give adetailed account onthebasinofGanga. v So, theGangabasinbecamedensely populatedregion ofIndia. centres. Later days, these placeshave developed into large cultural, educational and tourist onthebanksofriversituated Ganga. Many religious centres suchasHaridwar, Mathura, Varanasi and areAllahabad inthisvastdesposited plain.So, thisare becameafertile region ofthecountry. These riversbrought large from ofsand and quantities silt themountains and known asSundarbansinBangladesh. The combined river ofGangaand Brahmaputra creates theworld’s largest delta The river GangaisknownastheRiver Padma inBangladesh. YamnuaSouth, (largest tributaryofGanga),son,Chambal,etc. Its major tributaries from the Northare Gomti, Gandak, Kosi and Ghaghra and from state atanelevation of7,010 m. The river Ganga originates as Bhagirathi from the GangotriGlacierin Uttarkhand India. The length of the river Ganaga is about 2,525 km and covers 8,61,404 sq. km in The GangaRiver systemisthelargest drainage systemofIndia. v v v v v v Rajasthan Plains: Tapti : Itisthelargest amongthe West flowingrivers ofPeninsular India. It is located to the west of Aravalli It is located to thewest range and covers an area ofabout 1,75,000 It outfalls intotheArabian through Sea theGulf ofCambay. Its lengthis724kmand covers anarea of65.145sq. km. Tapti It forms 27kmlongestuary before entersintothesea. It rises in Amarkantak Plateau in Madhya Pradesh and empties in Arabian Sea. West. sq.km. www.kalvikural.com thefourmajor regionsofNorthernPlains ofIndia? River :

rises ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS in the Betul district 108 of Madhya Pradesh. It flows from UNIT -I East to

5. UNIT -I ii) i) ii) i) The Indian coastalplains are dividedintotwodivisions.Theyare – iv) iii) ii) Describe theWestern CoastalPlainandEastern CoastalPlain. Eastern CoastalPlains. Western Plainsand Coastal v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v Eastern Coastal Plain : Western CoastalPlain : Brahmaputra Plains: Ganga Plains: Punjab–Haryana Plains :

The Southern part liesKrishna The between Southern and Kaveri rivers Coromandal is called The coastal plain between Mahanadi and Krishna river is known as the Northern GhatsandtheBayIt lies between theEastern ofBengal. Vembanad isafamous back water lake found inthis region. Along therethe coast, are numerous lagoons and shallow backwaters called partoftheplain The Southern is known as Malabar Coast. This coast is The middlepartoftheplain isknownasKanara Coast. The NorthernpartoftheWest CoastalPlainisknown asKonkan Plain. It extendsfrom Rann of Kutch intheNorthandKanniyakumari intheSouth. It lies betweentheWestern GhatsandtheArabian Sea. These plainscreate fans alluvial andmarshy tracts. It is located mainly in of the state Assam and formed by of riverthe deposits It isalow-level plainlocated intheEasternpartofGreat PlainsofIndia. The general slopeofthe entire plainistowards EastandSouth-east. It isthelargest plainin India thatcovers 3.75 sq.km. It extendsfrom theYamuna River intheWest intheEast. toBangladesh These plainsactaswater-divide (doab). These are formed by oftherivers thedeposition andRavi. Sutlej,Beas Punjab-Haryana Plain lies ontheNorth-eastofGreat Indian Desert. There are several lakes salt in Rajasthan. lakeThe Sambar salt (Pushkar Lake) It is formed by of theriver the deposition Luni and the long vanished river Brahmaputra. ner Jaipuristheprominent one. Saraswathi. Coast. Circars. Kayals andTeris. characterized by sanddunes. www.kalvikural.com 109 G anga

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 3. Prepare 2. 1. G VII anga coasts ofIndia.Findoutthestateswhichyouwouldpassthrough? peninsular India. of India. Assume that you are travelling from West Bengal to Gujarat along the beautiful Observe the Peninsular Plateau map of India andmark the major plateau divisions Activity v v

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ra N S UNIT -I E 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. UNIT -II I GEOGRAPHY a) c) a) c) Ans: a) a) c) a) Karnataka. c) a) c) a) a) c) ______forestsare foundabove2400mHimalayas. The monsoonforests are otherwisecalledas______. Climate of Indiais labelled as______. ______isaline joining theplacesofequal rainfall. ______mangoes along the helps inquickripeningof coast Kerala of and Western disturbances causerainfallin______. We wear cottonduring______. Meteorology isthescience of______. Choose the Correct Choosethe Answer Deciduous forests Tropical evergreen forest Tropical humid Isohyets Loo Tamilnadu Summer Weather Mangrove forest Tropical monsoonclimate Mango showers Punjab Rainy Mangrove forests UNIT 2 b) b) Isobar Social www.kalvikural.com CLIMATE ANDNATURAL VEGETATION OFINDIA BOOK EXERCISEBOOK c) c) b) b) b) b) b) b) d) d) d) d) d) d) Isotherm Political Alpine forests Deciduous forest Equatorial climate Norwester Kerala Northeast Monsoon Mountain forest Temperate climate Jet stream Madhya Pradesh Winter Tidal forests 113 d) d) c) Tropicalmonsoonclimate Latitudes Human Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: b) Alpineforests b) Deciduousforest c) Mangoshowers c) Punjab a) Summer

Ans: Ans: a) Weather a) Isohyets G anga

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. ______isnota 10. 9. G anga a) c) a) a) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) a) ascent. c) a) c) ______desertis thedriest placeontheEarth. The Arabic word‘Mausim’means______. The wordmonsoonhasbeenderivedfromthe ______word‘Mausim’. The Himalayas acts as a barrier to the freezing coldwindblows from ______. The mostdominantfactor thataffectstheclimate ofIndiaisthe______. Distance fromthe______affectstheamount ofrainfall. The placeslocatedin the higheraltitudeshave ______climate. The temperature ______at the rate of 6.5°C forevery 1000 metres of The ______divides thecountryintotwoequal halves. Sesahachalam hills,a Biospherereserveissituated in______. Thar Wind Sanskrit Central Asia Rainfall Mountain Hot Equal North Pole Nilgiri Tamilnadu Madhya Pradesh Arabic Afghanistan Cyclone Desert Dry Tropic ofCancer Great Nicobar www.kalvikural.com b) b) b) Sahara Season Increase part oftheworldnetwork ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS c) c) c) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) Atacama Rain Decrease French China Monsoon winds Sea Humid Tropic ofCapricorn Agasthiyamalai Andhra Pradesh Karnataka Greeck Arctic region Ultra violetrays Delta Cool Equator Kachch 114 biospherereservesofUNESCO. d) d) d) Siberian Sun Normal Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: c) TropicofCancer d) Kachvh b) AndhraPradesh c) Arabic a) CentralAsia b) Monsoonwinds b) Sea d) Cool Ans: Ans: Ans: c) Atacama b) Season c) Decrease UNIT -II 29. 28. 27. 26. 25. 24. 23. 22. 21. 20. UNIT -II a) c) a) ______. c) a) c) a) thunder istermedasthe______. d) Ans: a) ______. c) a) India. a) Capricorn. c) a) c) a) atmosphere. c) a) ______forest has notbeenfully exploitedduetolacktransport of facilities. The average annualrainfall ofIndiais______. Mawsynram, the place which receives highest rainfall in the world is located in ______istheplace whichreceiveshighest rainfallintheworld. The suddenapproachofmonsoonwindover South Indiawith lightning and mangoes alongthecoastof Showers’ helpinquickripeningof The ‘Mango During ______season, the vertical rays of thefalls Sun over the Peninsular During ______season, the vertical rays of the Sun falls over Tropic of During summersolstice, thesun’sraysfallvertically overthe______. ______are the fast moving windsblowingin anarrow zone intheupper Breeze Assam Chirapunji Pre Monsoon Kerala andKarnataka Summer Summer Tropic ofCancer 100 cm Nagaland Mawsynram Kalbaisakhi Karnataka andTamil Nadu Rainy Polar region Monsoon winds Mountain Tropical Dry b) b) Winter 118 cm www.kalvikural.com c) c) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) b) Rainy 125 cm Jet streams Mizoram Jaipur ofmonsoon Burst Kerala andTamil Nadu Winter Tropic ofCapricorn Meghalaya Doddabetta Mongo Showes Andhra Pradesh andTamil Nadu Autumn Equator Hot winds Tropical Deciduous Tropical Evergreen 115 d) d) a) KeralaandKarnataka Autumn 150 cm Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: a)Summer a) TropicofCancer b) Jetstreams b) TropicalEvergreen d) Meghalaya c) Mawsynram b)Burstofmonsoon Ans: Ans: b) Winter b) 118cm G anga

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 40. 39. 38. 37. 36. 35. 34. 33. 32.  31. 30. G anga called Tropical______. c) a) c) a) in 1973. a) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) ______states. c) a) To conserve To the tigers, Government a projectcalled______India launchedof The GovernmentenactedWildlife India (Protection) of Act inthe year ______. Board forWildlife(IBWL)wasconstitutedThe Indian in______. ______isthestate animalofAndhraPradesh, HaryanaandPunjab. In coastal regionsofKeralaandGoa,______forestsarefound. Tidal forestisalsoknown as______forest. The delta oftheGanga-Brahmaputra hasthelargest ______forest. The rainfallintheWestern Himalayanregionis ______. The Eastern Himalayan Forest is on the found slopes of the mountain in The forest that inthe areas found having annual rainfall of less than 50 cm is isalsoknownas______Tropical DeciduousForest Forest. Project Tiger 1958 1948 Monsoon Dry Protect Tiger Elephant Lion Littoral Thorn Deciduous Thorn Evergreen Thorn Moderate Very heavy South–east North–east Monsoon forest Thorn forest www.kalvikural.com b) b) 1972c) 1950 1952 c) b) d) b) d) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) 1952 Conserve Tiger Himalayan Mountain Preserve Tiger Tiger Buck Black Mangrove Monsoon Mangrove Monsoon Deciduous Tidal Less Heavy South–west North–west Mountain forest Deciduous forest 116 d) d) 1975 1955 Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: b)Tidal a) Thornforest c) Monsoon a) ProjectTiger b) BlackBuck c) Littoral b) Mangrove c) Moderate a) North–east Ans: Ans: c) 1952 b) 1972 UNIT -II 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 42.  41. II UNIT -II Ans: a) India. c) a)

Nilgiri TahrNilgiri Buck Black Normal lapse rate Leeward side Mango showers Norwesters Mausim Leeward side Tropic of Cancer Equable climate Atacama desert Mawsynram Thorn forest Project Tiger ofMannarGulf Coastal forests Tropical thorn forest monsoon North–east Biodiversity hotspot Project Elephant governmentIndian hasestablished The ______Biosphere Reserves in Wildlife Research Institute ofIndiaislocatedat ______. Match the Following Match the Nagpur 10 Darjeeling b) 15 www.kalvikural.com ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS ------c) b) d) e) d) c) b) a) e) d) c) b) a) e) d) c) b) a) e) d) c) b) a) 18 Kerala Tamil Nadu Karnataka Punjab 6.5 Cfor everyf 1000metres Divides India intotwohalves Rain shadowregion Season climate British Kalbaisakhis Highest rainfall Protect thetigers Driest place Bio–sphere Less rainfall The Himalayas Protect theelephants Littoral forest October –December vegetationDesert andsemi–desert Dehradun Patiala 117 Ans: 11-b, 12 -e, 13-d,14c,15a Ans: 6-b,7 -d,8a,9e,10c Ans: 16-e, 17 -c,18a,19b,20d 1 -d,2 -e,3b,4a,5c d) 20 Ans: b) Dehradun Ans: c) 18 G anga

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 4. 3. 2. 1. G III anga Reason (R) (A) : Assertion d) Ans: c) b) a) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion d) Ans: c) b) a) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion d) c) b) a) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion d) c) b) a) from given the below ones givenConsider the correct andchoose the statement option (A) isfalse (R)istrue (A) iscorrect (R)isfalse (A)and(R)areBoth true;RdoesnotexplainsA (A)and(R)areBoth true;RexplainsA (A) isfalse (R)istrue (A) iscorrect (R)isfalse (A)and(R)areBoth true;RdoesnotexplainsA (A)and(R)areBoth true;RexplainsA (A) isfalse (R)istrue (A) iscorrect (R)isfalse (A)and(R)areBoth true;RdoesnotexplainsA (A)and(R)areBoth true;RexplainsA (A) isfalse (R)istrue (A) iscorrect (R)isfalse (A)and(R)areBoth true;RdoesnotexplainsA (A)and(R)areBoth true;RexplainsA www.kalvikural.com : : : :

natural vegetation. the Indiansub-continentwarm. origin ofmonsoons. The rivers of Great plains are more prominent for this type of The Riverineforestarefoundalongtheriversof Khadar areas. The Himalayas prevents winds fromCentralcold Asia and keep The Himalayasactsasaclimaticbarrier. Meteorologists have developed a number of concepts about the Monsoons areacomplexmeteorologicalphenomenon. When thealtitudeincreases,temperaturedecreases. The mountainsarecoolerthantheplaceson plains. ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS Ans: Ans: b) Both(A)and(R)are true; RdoesnotexplainsA b) Both(A)and(R)are true;RdoesnotexplainsA 118 a) Both(A)and(R)aretrue;RexplainsA a) Both(A)and(R)aretrue;RexplainsA UNIT -II 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 5. IV UNIT -II c) a) c) a) c) a) Biosphere programmeofUNESCOis______. c) a) gets lessrainfall. c) a) d) c) b) a) d) c) b) a) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion The BlackBuckisthe stateanimalof______. the eight biosphere One of reserves that falls India under thelist Man and of of The state ______whichis situated on the Leeward side of Western Ghats Kalbaisakhis, thelocal stormsoccursover______. Climate of Indiais affectedby______. Tidal forestsarefound inandaround______. Choose the inappropriate Choosethe answer Distance from thesea extent Latitudinal Haryana Karnataka Sundarbans ofMannar Gulf Andhra Pradesh Kerala Punjab Bihar ofMahanadi The delta ofGodavaraiThe delta ofGangaandBrahmaputraThe deltas Desert (A) isfalse (R)istrue (A) iscorrect (R)isfalse (A)and(R)areBoth true;RdoesnotexplainsA (A)and(R)areBoth true;RexplainsA :

Western Ghatsreceiveheavyrainfall. the monsoonwinds. During the South-west monsoon, areas on the Eastern slope of The most dominant factor which affects the climate of Indiais www.kalvikural.com ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) Ans: Soil Altitude Punjab Andhra Pradesh Mudumalai The Nilgiris Tamil Nadu Maharashtra Assam West Bengal 119

c) (A)iscorrect(R)false Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : a)Kerala a) Karnataka d) Mudumalai c) Punjab d) Soil a) Desert G anga

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 6. Name the fourdistinctseasons ofIndia. 5. 4. 3. Whatismeant by‘Normal lapserate’? 2. Define–‘Meteorology’. 1. G V anga        The four distinctseasonsofIndia are-            What is‘Burst monsoon’? Write ashort on‘Monsoonwind’. What are ‘Jetstreams’? Answer briefly east toSouth-west duringwinter. It blows from the South-westduring toNorth-east summer and from the North- the Indian Oceanespeciallyover theArabian sea. It is used to describea of seasonal system reversal ofwinds along the shores of thiswordOriginally was usedby theArab navigators several centuriesago. The word ‘monsoon’ is derived from the Arabic word ‘Mausim’ which means season. and retreating monsoon. jet streamsThe easterly causetropical depressions both during Southwestmonsoon plateau. of the subtropicalshift jet fromwesterly the plains of India towards the Tibetan According to the Jet stream theory, the onset of southwest monsoon is driven by atmosphere. Jet streams are thefast moving winds blowing in a narrow zone in the upper This isknownas‘Normallapserate’. The temperature decreases attherate of6.5Cfor every 1000 metres ofascent. increases,When thealtitude thetemperature decreases. of theatmosphere asameansofforecasting especially theweather. Meteorology is a branch the of processesscience concernedwith and phenomena means “thestudyofthingshighintheair”. The meteorologyterm is came from the Ancient Greek and - meteor logia. It It lowersthetemperature ofIndia toalarge extent. ofmonsoon’. or‘Burst is termedasthe‘Break’ The sudden approach of monsoon wind over India South lightning with and thunder North-east monsoonseason. South-west monsoon orRainy season Pre MonsoonorSummerHotweatherseason Winter orColdweatherseason www.kalvikural.com 120 UNIT -II 11. Writeany fivebiosphere reservesinIndia. 10. Namethe treesofTropical Evergreenforest. 9. 8. Namethe areaswhich receiveheavyrainfall. 7. UNIT -II              What is‘Project Tiger’? State places ofmangrove forestin India. Ebony Mahogany Rubber S.No. 5 4 3 2 1 This project isbenefitedtremendously with an increase of60%from 1973. India. Its One amongthemmeasure whichwas was ‘Project launchedinApril 1973. Tiger’ tigers. The Government of India has taken a lot of efforts toprotect wild animals especially rivers. Mangrove forestsare also found ofMahanadi,in the deltas Godavari and Krishna oftheGanga–BrahmaputraThe delta hasthelargest mangrove forest. influence. These forestsoccur in and around and creeks estuaries the deltas, prone totidal cm rainfall. Arunachal Pradesh are theheavy rainfall areas ofIndia which get more than 200 Tripura, Nagalandand Meghalaya,South Assam, The Western Coast, branch.Bengal and get divided into two branches namely the Arabian branch Sea and Bay of The monsoon wind strikes tip of Indian against the Southern land mass aim Cold desert Sundarbans Agasthyamalai The Nilgiris ofMannar Gulf is Biosphere reserves to conserve Bamboo Coconut Rose wood www.kalvikural.com tiger population 121 Himachal Pradesh West Bengal Kerala Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu Palm Candes Chinchona in specifically State constituted Teak Cedar Iron wood ‘Tiger G Reserves’ anga in

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 7 Writeabout MalwaPlateau andChhota-Nagpur PlateauofCentralHigh land. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. Define–i)Weatherii) Climate. 12. G anga lmt : Climate ii) : Weather i)      We canfindtheTropical Evergreen forests inthefollowing regions–    ii)  i) Write about KhadarPlains. Write anote onBhangarPlains. What are thelongitudinaldivisionsofHimalayas? What is i) Windward sideii)Leewardside. West Bengal Andaman–Nicobar Islands Western GhatsinMaharashtra Leeward side : Windward side: in theleeward side. Leewardcalled side. It receives very lessrainfall. Tamil Nadu and Karnataka located receives heavy rainfall. Kerala issituatedinthewindward side. given locationover aperiodof30–35years. dryness, sunshine,wind,rain, etc., ofaplaceatgiven pointoftime. Central India –Jharkhand,Madhya Pradesh, chattisgarh. Great Plains–Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, andWest Bihar Bengal. smuggling and illegal tradesmuggling andillegal inwildlife anditsdiversities. of effectively protecting thewild life ofthecountry and to control poaching, The Governmentof India Wildlifeenacted (Protection) theobjective Actin 1972 with protection, conservation andmanagement ofwildlife tothegovernment. The Indian Board for Wildlife (IBWL) was in 1952 constituted to suggest means of and Kerala. IndiaSouth – Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu natural vegetation. Climate, soil and landform characteristicsare importantenvironmental controls of naturally inanarea. plant It includeslife all forms suchastrees, bushes, herbs and forbs,that grow etc, directly orindirectly. Natural vegetation refers to a plant community which is unaffected by man either www.kalvikural.com Climateistheaccumulation of daily and events seasonal weather ofa Weather refers of atmosphere tothestate such as heat, cloudiness, The other side of themountain which is sheltered from the wind is Thewind Windwardstriking side ofthemountain is called side.It ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS Megalaya Tripura Karnataka 122 Nagaland Mizoram Kerala Manipur Assam UNIT -II . North–east monsoon 3. 2. 1. 18. VI UNIT -II    Tropical Evergreenforest andDeciduousforest. Weather andClimate. What isthe differencebetweendistributaryand tributary? 4 3 2 1 S.No. S.No. S.No. Distinguish between Distinguish 3 2 1 3 2 1 Sanctuaries across thecountryhave beencreated. To preserve thewildlife, a network of102 National Parks and about 515 Wildlife It isadeclared protected area where very humanactivitiesare limited allowed. Wildlife sanctuaryisanarea where animalsandplantsare wild protected. of MumbaiandPunemay besame. On aparticularday, thetemperature daily. Weather ofaplacemany change time. atmosphere ataparticular placeand Weather isthestateof more than200cm. region where theannualrainfall is These forests are found inthe Evergreen forest. This forest as isalsocalled never shedtheirleaves. The trees found inthisforest Coromandal coast. It gives rainfall onlyto November. monsoon isfrom Octoberand The periodoftheNorth-east Southwest monsoon. retreat (comingback)windsof This monsoonwindsare the the landtosea. This monsoonwindsblowfrom Tropical Evergreenforest North–east monsoon www.kalvikural.com Weather and South–westmonsoon. 123 the partsofIndia. It gives heavy rainfall tomostof September. monsoon isfrom Juneto The periodofSouth-west from Indian ocean. South-west monsoon originate land. These windsblowfrom theseato Monsoon forest. This forest isalsoknownas summer. leaves duringspringandearly The trees inthisforest shed their between 100cmand200cm. area where theannualrainfall is These forests are found inthe Climate ofaplaceremains for a place. for alongperiodoftimeatany Climate istheaverage ofweather and Puneconsiderably differ. Generally, theclimateofMumbai long periodoftime. South–west monsoon Deciduous forest Climate G anga

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 1. 6. 5. 4. G VII anga     Western coastalplain isnarrow. andTropicalDryforest.Tropical Deciduousforest Summer seasonandWinter season. Windward sideandLeewardofthemountain. 1 3 2 S.No. S.No. S.No. Give reasons for following the topics 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 So, theWestern coastalplainisnarrow. The widthofthecoastalplain varies from 10 to80km. The distancebetweenArabian SeaandtheWestern Ghats isless. Western CoastalPlainlies betweentheWestern GhatsandtheArabian Sea. North India isvery high. In thisseason,thetemperature in in theTropic ofCancer. During summer, the Sunisoverhead March andcontinuousuptoMay. In India, thesummerseasonstartsin www.kalvikural.com economically veryeconomically useful. The trees found inthisforest are forest. etc., are notabletrees found inthis Rubber, mahogany, ebony, rosewood, forest. This forest isalsoknownasMonsoon the annualrainfall of100to200cm. This forest isfound intheregion with Western Ghats. are lieintheWindward sideofthe Kerala andKarnataka coastalareas Windward sidereceives heavy rainfall. mountain iscalledWindward side. The windstrikingsideofthe Tropical Deciduousforest Summer season Windward side ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS 124 economically useful.economically The trees inthisforest are not are theimportanttrees ofthisforest. Banyan, bamboo, babool,Palas, etc, thorn forest. This type forest isknownasTropical 50 to100cmannualrainfall. This forest isfound intheareas with This seasonstartsinDecemberand in NorthIndia. In thisseason,coldweatherprevails the Tropic ofCapricorn. During winter, theSunisoverhead in extends uptoFebruary. Leeward sideoftheWestern Ghats. Pune andBangalore are liesinthe It receives very lessrainfall. of themountainisLeeward side. The othersideoftheWindward side Tropical Dryforest Winter Season Leeward side UNIT -II 1. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. VIII UNIT -II                   Write about Southwest monsoon. India hasatropicalmonsoon climate. The amountofrainfall inKolkataismorethan Bikaner. The annualtemperature ofDelhiishigherthan Kochi. Mountains arecooler thantheplains. India hasatropicalmonsoon climate. Write indetail The Southwest monsoonisthemostsignificant feature oftheIndian climate. Western Ghats. less than 50 cmofrainfall Punegets But, lieson the leeward as it side ofthe Mumbai getsheavy rainfall asitlies on windward sideoftheWestern Ghats. The moisterladenwindsgive heavy rainfall toWestern Coastalregion. So, Kolkata gets119cmrainfall whereasgetsjust24cmofrainfall. Bikaner country. Kolkata is is located near located the in coast and the Bikaner interior part of the Air near the coasthas more moisture and greaterpotential to produce precipitation. So, theannualtemperature ofDelhi ishigherthanKochi. part ofIndia. Here, Kochi is locatedon the Westernwhereascoast Delhi is locatedin the interior of influenceseas. North India experiences much seasonal variation in temperature due to the absence Distance So, theplacesinmountainsare coolerthantheplacesonplains. Temperature decreases attherate of6.5Cfor every 1000metres ofascent. The temperature decreases increases. whenthealtitude tropics ie.200NorthandSouth. The of theMonsoontypes ofclimate. High temperatures during summers and dry wintersare someofthecharacteristics India has a tropical monsoon climate because mostof India lies in the tropical belt. covers thewhole countryby 15thJuly. The climate onset from of of the the India www.kalvikural.com sea ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS monsoon is is influenced one

of takes the 125 by main place the factors Monsoon normally that winds by influence the which first the week mainly climate G of blow of anga June a place. in and the

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 2. G anga      Tropical Deciduousforest:     Tropical Evergreenforest: can bedividedintothefollowing types. of natural vegetation. On the basis of theabove factors, the natural vegetation ofIndia The soil climate, and landform characteristicsare theimportant environment controls ii) i) Describe theforestof India. Maharashtra, Karnataka and Telangana stateshave theseforests. Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, These forests are found intheregion withtheannualrainfall of100to200 cm. These forests are notfully exploitedduetolackoftransport facilities. coconut, chinchona,iron woodandcedar. The most important trees of these forests are rubber, mahogany, ebony, rosewood, states have thistype offorests. Karnataka, Kerala, Andaman–Nicobar islands, Assam, West and the Eastern Bengal These forests are found in theregion where theannualrainfall is more than200cm. v v v Bay ofBengalbranch : v v v Arabian Sea branch : ii) i) They are- against tip of the Southern Indian land mass and gets divided into two branches. It lowersthetemperature of India to a large extent. The monsoon wind strikes ofmonsoon’.is termedasthe‘Burst The sudden approach of monsoon wind over India South lightning with and thunder reaches upto46°C. Prior to the onsetofSouthwestmonsoon, the temperature in North India

Later on, this wind travel towards West which results in decreasesin rainfall This wind is trapped by a chain of mountains and gives heavy rainfall to the The wind from branch Bay ofBengal moves towardsIndia North-east and As the Aravalli Mountain is located parallel to thewind direction, Rajasthan and part which The otheradvances towardsbyis obstructed Himalayan North The Arabian branch Sea of Southwest monsoon given heavy rainfall of the West from easttoWest. Eastern states. Myanmar. Western partdonotgetmuchrainfall from thisbranch. mountains andresults inheavy rainfall inNorth. coast ofIndia asit islocatedinthewindward sideoftheWestern Ghats. Bay of Bengal branch.Bay ofBengal Arabian seabranch. www.kalvikural.com 126 UNIT -II 3. UNIT -II large areas ofnatural habitat. are anintegral componentofthesystem.     Other typesofforests:     Mountain forest:     Tropical Dryforest:   Write the namesofbiosphere reservesandtheir locationinIndia. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 S.No. The Indian government 18 hasestablished biosphere reserves in India. It protects reservesBiosphere are protectedareas ofland coastal environment wherein people These forests are found alongtherivers onKhadarareas. Coastal forests orLittoral forests found alongthecoastsofKerala andGoa. as ‘Sundarbans’. Tidal forest found in and around and the deltas estuaries. These forests are known Alpine forests are found intheslopesofHimalayas about2400maltitude. with Himachal Pradesh andUttarakhand. The Western Himalayan forests are found in of the Jammu states and Kashmir, eastern states. HimalayanThe Easter forests are found on the slopesofmountains of North– They are (i)EasternHimalayan forest and(ii)Western Himalayan forest amount ofrainfall, theseforests are classifiedintotwo. These forestsare found in the mountainous ranges. and On the basisofaltitude These forests are knownas‘Tropical thornforest’. The importantvegetations are banyan, amaltas, bamboo, babool,etc, Tamilnadu have theseforests. Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Western Uttar Pradesh, Western Karnataka and East These forests are found intheareas 50to100cmannualrainfall. with These forests are as‘Monsoonforests’. called padauk, bamboo, etc. The most important tressforests ofthese are sandalwood, rosewood, amla, Achanakmar–Amarkantak Panna Pachmarhi hills Sesahachalam Agasthyamalai The Nilgiris ofMannar Gulf Biosphere reserves www.kalvikural.com 127 Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh Andhra Pradesh Kerala Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu State G anga

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 4. G anga iii) ii) i) v v v The climateofaplaceisdeterminedby thefollowing factors- Explain anyfourfactorsthataffectstheclimate ofIndia. 12 11 10 9 8 18 17 16 15 14 13 Latitude Relief features and Distance from thesea v v Distance fromthesea : v v v Altitude : v v v Latitude :

North IndiaNorth much seasonal variationexperiences in temperature due to the Distance from the seanotonly affectstemperature but also the amount of That is why the places evenlocated at higher altitudes in IndiaSouth have cool Hence, placesinthemountains are coolerthanthe places ontheplains. The temperature ofaplace decreases increases. whenthealtitude The area ofthisparallel totheNorth enjoys sub-tropical Here,climate. The area located to of the TropicSouth of Cancer experiences high temperature The Tropic ofCancer divides thecountryintotwoequal haves. during winter. summer temperature may riseabout 40° C isclosetofreezingand it point and nosevere coldthroughout year. lesser thanDelhi. absence rainfall. climate. Great Nicobar Kanchenjunga Nokrek Dihang Dibang Manas Dibru Saishowa Sundarbans Cold desert Nanda Devi Katchch Simlipal www.kalvikural.com of influence ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS of seas. v v v Jetstream Monsoonwind Altitude 128 For example, Andaman–Nicobar Islands Sikkim Meghalaya Arunachal Pradesh Assam Assam West Bengal Himachal Pradesh Uttarakhand Gujarat Odisha the annual temperature UNIT -II of Kochi is

1. IX UNIT -II f) e) d) c) b) a) vi) v) iv) Mark the followingontheoutlinemapofIndia- MapWork v v Jet streams : v v v v Relief : v v v v wind : Monsoon v Agasthiyamalai biosphere reserve. Panna biosphere reserve. Mountain forests. Areas ofheavy rainfall. Direction monsoonwind. ofNorth-east Direction ofSouth-west monsoonwind.

The easterly jetstreamsThe easterly causetropical depressions bothduring Southwest Jet streams are thefast moving winds blowing in a narrow zone in the upper On the contrary, vast areas lie in the rain shadow or leeward side of the Western During Southwestmonsoon, areas on the Westernslope of theWestern Ghats The Himalayas acts as a barrier tothe freezing cold wind blows from Central Relief ofIndia hasagreat bearingonmajorelements ofclimate. It brings down the temperature and causes moderate toheavy rainfall to many The summer season ends in India by the end of May because the onset of These The most dominant factor which affects the climate of India is the monsoon Air near the coast has more moisture and greaterpotential to produce Ghats receive very little rainfall. receive heavy rainfall. Asia andkeep theIndian subcontinentwarm. parts ofthecountry. Southwest monsoon. winds. winds. than Bikaner. precipitation. So, Kolkataheavy which gets is locatednearthecoast rainfall monsoon andretreating monsoon. atmosphere. are seasonal www.kalvikural.com reversal winds 129 and India remains in the influence G anga of these

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY G anga

South West Monsoon In India North East Monsoon In India N N www.kalvikural.com W E W E S S

INDIAINDIA 130

Arabian Bay of Arabian Bay of Sea Bengal Sea Bengal

Not to Scale Not to Scale Indian Ocean Indian Ocean UNIT -II

Areas of heavy rainfall

Mountain forests

Panna biosphere reserve

Agasthiyamalai biosphere reserve Ar South We abian Sea INDI

st MonsoonInIndia Indian Ocea UNIT -II biosphere reser A n gasthiyamalai AI Beng Ba y of al Not toScale P anna biosphererese www.kalvikural.com W ve S N E XG Ar DFD 131 North Ea abian Sea Mountain Areas ofheav rv GW e st MonsoonInIndi NDIA Indian Ocean fo rest y rainfall s Beng Ba a y of al Not toScale G W anga S N E

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. G I

GEOGRAPHY anga c) a) c) a) c) a) a) c) a) c) a) d) c) b) a) groups? a) The leading producer ofriceinIndiais______.The leadingproducer damintheThe longest worldis______. Black soils arealsocalled as______. ______isacash crop. ______damisthe highestgravityinIndia. The soils formedbythe riversare______. Which ofthe following organization has divided the Indian soils into 8 major The soil which isrich in ironoxidesis______. Choose the Correct Choosethe Answer Uttar Pradesh Punjab Hirakud dam Mettur dam Regur soils Arid soils Cotton Nagarjuna Sagardam Hirakud dam Desert soil Red soils SurveySoil ofIndia Indian Institute Science ofSoil Indian Meteorological Department Indian Council ofAgricultural Research Alluvial UNIT 3 www.kalvikural.com b) b) Wheat Black Ans: BOOK EXERCISEBOOK COMPONENTS OF COMPONENTS c) c) AGRICULTURE d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) Rice Red West Bengal Maharashtra Bhakra-Nangal dam Kosi dam Mountain soils Saline soils Mettur dam Bhakra Nangaldam soils Alluvial soils Black 132 a) IndianCouncilofAgriculturalResearch Ans: d) d) Maize Alkaline Ans: Ans: b) d) WestBengal d) Alluvialsoil Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Bhakra c) Hirakud dam c) c) Red c) Regursoils a) Cotton Nangal UNIT -III dam 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. Watering 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. UNIT -III a) irrigation. c) a) a) a) sufficient. c) a) a) irrigation. c) Penetration a) a) a) a) c) a) a) c) In The tank irrigation is popular in______India. Irrigation by______isveryold systemin India. ______irrigation is widely practiced in the areas where groundwater is About 60% percent of thecanalirrigated area falls inthe______ofIndia. most important The second irrigationsource of inourcountryis______The soils ofIndiaisdividedinto ______major groups. AgricultureResearch(ICAR) Councilof wassetup in______. The Indian ______istheuppermost layeroftheland surface. The state is______. whichleads intheproduction ofcoffee Which cropiscalledas ‘GoldenFibre’inIndia? the Karnataka Eastern India Peninsular Canal Canal Desert region Peninsular Plateau Well Irrigation Eight 1950 Water Odisha West Bengal Cotton Tamil Nadu Peninsular ofagriculturalplantsthroughartificial meansiscalled______. b) b) b) b) b) b) b) India, Tank Tank Canal Ten 1951 Lava Wheat www.kalvikural.com ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS ______c) c) c) c) c) c) c) b) d) b) d) Purification b) d) b) d) Open well Open well Tank Twelve 1952 Soil Jute Andhra Pradesh Western India Northern d) b) Sedimentation Punjab Karnataka Odisha 133 Coastal region Northern Plains State is d) d) d) d) d) d) d) benefited Tube well Tube well Tube well Fifteen 1953 Core Tobacco Ans: Ans: Ans: b)Karnataka maximum b) NorthernPlains Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: d) 1953 c) Soil c) Jute c) TamilNadu a) Peninsular b) Tank c) Openwell b) Canal c) Irrigation a) Eight G by anga the tank

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 4 ______isranked firstinsugarproduction 34. 33. 32. 31. 30. 29. 28. 27. 26. 25. 24. 23. 22. 21. G anga a) resources inourcountry. a) a) a) a) a) a) a) c) a) a) a) c) a) c) a) country. a) ______provides cheapfoodto thelargesection ofthepoorpopulation. ______isthesecond mostimportant food cropofourcountry. India isthe secondlargestproducerofriceinthe worldafter______. ______erosion is checkedduetoterrace formation onhillslopes. Terrace cultivation is practicedspeciallyin______regions. ______Agriculture isalsocalledas‘Slash andburn’cultivation. Traditional farmingmethod resultsin______productivity. In subsistence forming, preferenceisgivento ______crops. In ______farming, agriculturallandholding issmall. India, ______In employs more than 50 percent the of the population of The river ______isalsocalledas‘Sorrow ofBihar’. Multipurpose Drip system isusedto waterlikedropsatthe______ofplants. Soil Roots India Rice Rice Bangladesh Wind Desert Dry farming Mixed farming Normal Food Subsistence Intensive sector Banking Railway Department Kosi www.kalvikural.com River b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) Heat Stems Brazil Cotton Cotton China Soil Delta High Cash Ganga Valley Project c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) d) b) d) b) d) b) Natural Leaves Cuba Jowar Jowar Myanmar Mineral Hilly Low Horticulture Cauvery Shifting Terrace cultivation Mixed Shifting Agriculture Postal Department 134 is a scientific intheworld. d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) management Water Flowers South South Africa Wheat Wheat Pakistan Plant Forest Nil Fancy Sindhu Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: b)China of d) Agriculture a) Kosi d) Water a) Roots d) Jowar d) Wheat b) Soil c) Hilly d) Shifting c) Low a) Food c) Subsistence Ans: ______UNIT -III c) Cuba 2. 1. 41. Thefirst 40. 39. 38. ______refersto 37. 36. 35. UNIT -III II b) a) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion d) c) b) a) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion c) a) a) a) c) a) c) a) a) c) a) d) c) The leadingstateinthe woolproductionis______. The ______isthe poorman’scowproviding milk,meat,skinandhair. India hassecondlargest cattlepopulationafter ______atworldlevel. ______istheleading stateintheproduction ofcoffeeinIndia. ______istheleading statebothincultivation andproductionofjute. from given the below ones givenConsider the correct andchoose the statement option Both (A)and(R)areBoth trueand(R)doesnotexplain(A) (A)and(R)areBoth trueand(R)explains(A) (A) isfalse (R)istrue (A) iscorrect (R)isfalse (A)and(R)areBoth true:(R)doesnotexplain(A) (A)and(R)areBoth trueand(R)explains(A) Rajasthan Himachal Pradesh 1919 Goat Cuba India Horticulture Sericulture Karnataka Assam Bihar (A) isfalse (R)istrue (A) iscorrect (R) isfalse LivestockCensus inIndiawasconducted______. : :

b) b) b) banana, andcitrusfruits. materials broughtbytherivers. India Horticulture involvescultivation of fruits, Paddy andwheataregrownwellinthesoil. Alluvial soil is formed by the deposition oferodedanddecayed 1947 Camel Kerala www.kalvikural.com thecultivationoffruits, ranks Ans: first A) Both(A)and(R)are trueand(R)explains(A) c) c) c) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) 1950 Buffalo Assam Meghalaya Jammu &Kashmir AfricaSouth Brazil Pisciculture Agriculture Uttar Pradesh West Bengal in 135 the world Ans: flowers andvegetables. d) d) d) in c) (A)iscorrect(R)false 1951 Mule Punjab Ans: the vegetables, production b) WestBengal Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: b) Brazil c) Horticulture a) Karnataka c) Rajasthan a) 1919 a) Goat andflowers. G of anga mango,

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 3. 2. 1. 6. 5. 4. 3. G III

anga Assertion (A) Assertion a) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion Ans: Ans: d) c) b) a) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion d) c) b) a) Reason (R) d) c) b) a) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion d) c) b) c) a) a) a) Pick oddoneout the Both (A)and(R)areBoth true;RexplainsA (A) isfalse (R)istrue (A) iscorrect (R)isfalse (A)and(R)areBoth true;RdoesnotexplainsA (A)and(R)areBoth true;RexplainsA (A) isfalse (R)istrue (A) iscorrect (R)isfalse (A)and(R)areBoth true;RdoesnotexplainsA (A)and(R)areBoth true;RexplainsA (A) isfalse (R)istrue (A) iscorrect (R)isfalse (A)and(R)areBoth true;RdoesnotexplainsA (A)and(R)areBoth true;RexplainsA (A) isfalse (R)istrue (A) iscorrect (R)isfalse (A)and(R)areBoth true;RdoesnotexplainsA Tanks Inundational canals Khadar Wheat www.kalvikural.com : : : : :

b) b) of yearswithoutcaringmuchforreplenishing. Wheat isthemaincropcultivatedinTerracefarming. Terrace cultivationispracticedspeciallyinhillyareas. Globally, Indiaisthe7thlargestproducerofcoffee. Arabica andRobustaaretwomainvarietiesofcoffee. Like acow,italsoprovidesmilk,meat,skinand hair. Goat iscalledasthe‘Poorman’scow’. soils have Indian been usedforgrowingcropsover thousands Depletion andexhaustionofsoilsresultinglowproductivity. Bhangar Rice

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS Ans: b) Both(A)and(R)aretrue;RdoesnotexplainsA c) c) Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans:

Alluvial soil Alluvial Millets d) b) 136 c) Tanks(Reason –watercanbesotres) b) Blacksoil(Reason –Suitableforcotton) a) Both(A)and(R)aretrue;RexplainsA d) Coffee ( Reason-Cashcrop) d) Coffee c) (A)iscorrect(R)false a) Both(A)and(R)aretrue;RexplainsA Canals Perennial canals d) d) Black soil Black Coffee UNIT -III 3. 2. 1. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Mullets d) 5. Cat 4. 3. 2. c) 1. Eels b) Catfish a) 7. 6. 5. 4. IV UNIT -III Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Egg andpoultry production Horticulture development Oil seedproduction Hirakud Dam Sardar Sarovar Dam Bhakra-Nangal Dam Nagarjuna SagarDam Mettur Dam RevolutionBlue Grey Revolution Green Revolution Round Revolution RevolutionWhite Horticulture Hirakud Tehri Coffee Sugar bowl a) a) a) Match the Following Match the Goats Jhum Wheat

b) b) b) Elephants Poonam Cotton www.kalvikural.com ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS c)Cat(reason–Others arefishvarieties) b) Elephants(Reason – othersarelivestock) d) Zaid(Reason–Itis notshiftingagriculture) a) Wheat(Reason-Food crop) c) b) a) e) d) c) b) a) e) d) c) b) a) e) d) c) Karnataka b) a) c) c) c) Red Revolution Yellow Revolution Golden Revolution Narmada Sutlej Kaveri Krishna Mahanadi Agriculture Potato Fish production Milk production Fertilizers Highest damin the India Uttar Pradesh and Bihar Golden revolution Mahanadi ofIndia Buffaloes Podu Jute 137 1 –d,2 –c,3e,4a,5b Ans: Ans: d) d) d) 1 –c,2b,3d,4e,5a 1 –b,2d,3–e,4a,5c Sheep Zaid Tea G anga

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 6. DefineAgriculture. 5. 4. 3. Namethe typesofsoil foundinIndia. 2. Definesoil. 1. 5. 4. G V anga Ans: The types ofagriculture practices inIndia are - other desired products andtheraising ofdomesticatedanimals(livestock). Agriculture        The eighttypes ofsoilfound inIndi are-     State the typesofagriculture practicesinIndia? What isMultipurpose project? State any twocharacteristics ofblackcottonsoil. Jute production Meat and Tomato production Laterite soil Laterite Red soil soil Black soil Alluvial Intensive farming agricultureShifting Subsistence farming Answer briefly These types ofdamsare Multi-purpose projects. called industrial purpose,controlling floods,development offisheries,navigation, etc. It helpsin irrigation, hydro powergeneration, watersupply for drinking and The constructionofdamsacross rivers isaimedatmany purposes. It isascientificmanagementofwater resources inourcountry. Its nature isstickywhenwet. It isblackincolourduetopresence andiron. oftitanium soilisderivedBlack from ofDeccan thebasalts trap. It isgenerally formed by theweatheringofrocks underdifferent conditions. Usually, is composed it of minerals, organic matter, living organisms, air and water. It istheuppermostlayer ofthelandsurface. isoneofthemostimportantnaturalSoil resources. www.kalvikural.com is the process Peaty andmarshy soil Saline andalkaline soil Arid anddesertsoil Forest andMountainsoil Terrace cultivation Mixed farming agriculture Dry farming of producing e) d) Golden Fibre Revolution Silver Revolution 138 food 16 –b,17a, 18–d,19c,20e for people, fodder for cattle, fiber UNIT -III and many 13. 12. 11. Writeabrief noteon 10. 9. 8. Namethe seasonsof 7. UNIT -III     The methodsofconservation andmanagementofsoil are- v v The mainproblems oftheIndian soils are-   meat, egg,milk, fur, leatherandwool. pigs, etc., raised in an agricultural setting to produce labour suchaas and commodities Livestock    The seasonsofagriculture inIndia are-  Improved methodsofAgricultural practices are – Write the improved methods ofagriculturalpractices. Mention the methods ofconservationandmanagement ofsoil. What are themainproblems withtheIndiansoil? What doyoumeanby livestock? Mention the plantation cropsofIndia. Zaid Season Rabi Season Season Kharif Water-logging Soil erosionSoil Improved methodsof agricultural practices. Prevention ofovergrazing Constructing damsandbarrages Afforestation in India. ponds, Inland in themarinefishproduction inIndia. up the continental to adepthof200 self m. Among Keralathe coastalstates, leads Marine Tea, coffee, rubberandspicesare themajorplantationcrops ofIndia. These are cultivated inlarge slopes. estatesonhilly Plantation crops are cultivated for thepurpose ofexports. Contour method is commonly tanks, or or

Sea Fresh etc., fisheries www.kalvikural.com defined water the categoriesoffisheries agriculture inIndia? ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS Andhra April -June October –March June –September v v Saline andAlkaline and Degradation ofsoil

fisheries include as Pradesh domesticated coastal 139 is practised in rivers, lakes, canals, reservoirs, is the off-shore animals leading inIndia? and such Fresh v deep Saltflats as water goats, sea fisheries fisheries buffaloes, G anga mainly producer sheep, on

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 1. Writeabrief noteon 17. 16. 15. 14. G VI anga       Reasons :     Major categoriesare- the farmer aspossible. livestock, Mixed         Agriculture isthebackbone ofIndia. What ismixed farming agriculture? Write the modernirrigation systems. Why isthe tankirrigation popularinthepeninsular India? Give reasons for following the topics dependent on agriculture, its allied activities andagro-baseddependent onagriculture, activities allied its industries. Agriculture is the backbone of India because majority oftheIndia’s population are Horticulture crops (fruits, flowers,vegetables, etc.,) Plantation crops (tea,coffee, rubber, etc.,) Cash crops (sugarcane, tobacco, cotton, jute,soil seeds,etc.,) Food crops (wheat,rice,maize, pulses,etc.,) millets, sprinklers. irrigation in which equipment rotatesaround a pivot and crops are watered with Central pivot irrigation or waterwheel orcircle irrigation is amethodofcrop used toserve for crops which usedtogrow upto4feets. Rain gun used to spread water like rain in name and used to serve for crops which tiny area ztplant. Drip system is used to watering like drops at neartheroots ofplant. over It will a The scattered nature ofpopulationandagricultural fields. Impermeable rock structure whichdonotpermit percolation. Absence ofperennial rivers Natural depressions serve asreservoirs. The undulatingrelief andhard rocks make todigcanalsandwells. difficult Adopting thetechniquesofsustainableagriculture. Planting ofshelterbelts Strip cropping Contour bunding Rotation ofcrops farming www.kalvikural.com poultry, is defined fisheries, the categoriesoffisheries as bee a system keeping 140 of etc., farm to which sustain inIndia? includes and satisfy crop production, as many UNIT -III needs raising of 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. UNIT -III    Reasons :    Reasons :   Reasons :    Reasons :    Reasons :   Shifting agricultureis alsoknownas‘Slashand burncultivation’. Tank irrigation ispopularinthePeninsularIndia. Irrigation isimportant tocarryoutagriculture in dryseason. Small farms arepredominant inIndia. Rain water harvesting isnecessary. When fertility,soil lost its tonew area,they shift clear theforest and cultivate Once thelandiscleared, they grow crops for twoorthree years. the trees. The tribal people in the forest region clear thetrees through felling and burning rock structure. Impermeable(water proof) Absence ofperennial rivers. Natural depressions are more whichserve asreservoirs. porous soilmake irrigationanessentialone. erraticBeside rainfall, prevalence ofhigh temperature, commercial farming and irrigation tocarryoutagricultural duringdryperiod. activities India seasonaland irregularis ahotcountrywith rainfall. So, always it needs So, farms small are predominant inIndia. farms. The income of the famers is meagre. They are unable to invest everything on the It isnotpossiblefor thefarmers togettheabove benefits. The farmersare dependenton land, water, inputs, credits, technologyand markets. rain water for supportableadvancement. To improve theaccessibility of ground water atparticular place and time and use To capture inground thedecline water levels. To conquerthedeficiencyofsurface water tomeetourdemands. are dependentonagriculture. According to So, thistype agriculture ofshifting isalsoknownas ‘Slash andburncultivation’. crops. Tank irrigationispopular because- Rain water harvesting isimportantbecause 2011 www.kalvikural.com ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS Agricultural Census 141 of India, an estimated 61.5% of G the anga people

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 4. Marinefishing fishing. andInland 3. 2. 1. G VII anga Alluvial soils andBlack soils. Inundational canaland perennialcanal. Rabi and Kharifcropseasons. S.No S.No S.No S.No 3. 2. 1. 3. 2. 1. 3. 2. 1. 3. 2. 1. 4. Distinguish between Distinguish Following the important crops. Wheat, barley, gram, etc., are temperature andlowrainfall. These crops grow inLow well ends inMarch The seasonbeginsinOctoberand sugarcane andoilseeds. issuitableforSoil rice,wheat, The soilispoorinnitrogen and lime. It isrichinpotash,phosphoricacid, bydeposited rivers. soil formedAlluvial from sediments caught. In this,alarge amountfishesare fiber nets,mechanized fishingetc. They are caughtby usingsynthetic shore anddeepseafisheries. It consistsoffishingcoastal,off- These canals are not used regularly. of flood. when theriver isfull oratthetime receiveThey usually theirwater constructing any barrage ordam. directly from therivers without In this,water istaken out www.kalvikural.com Inundation canal Rabi cropseason Marine fishing Alluvial soil 142 Here, water istaken outfrom therivers These canalsare usedregularly. dam year asthewater isstored behindthe These canalshave water throughout the by constructingdamsandbarrages. main crops ofthisseason. cotton,Rice, millet, jute,jowar are the heavy rainfall These crops needhightemperature and September This seasonstartsinJuneandends and tobacco. This soilissuitablefor cotton, millets, acid andhumus. This soilispoorinnitrogen phosphoric calcium andmagnesium. It isrichinpotashlime, Aluminium Deccan trap. soilisderivedBlack from of basalts revolution.culture. Eg:Blue In this,alarge amountfishesare fishculturecomposite systems. More intensive farming can bedonein fisheries suchrivers, canals,lakes, etc. It consistsoffishinginfresh water Kharif cropseason Perennial canal Inland fishing Black soil UNIT -III 8. 7. 6. 5. UNIT -III Sugarcane andCotton: Paddy andWheat. Subsistence farmingand Shiftingagriculture. Red soils andBlacksoils. S.No S.No S.No S.No 1. 3. 2. 1. 3. 2. 1. 3. 2. 1. 3. 2. sugar industry. Sugarcane istheraw materialfor of sugarcane intheworld. India isthesecondlargest producer humid climate. Sugarcane grows inthehot well cultivating paddy. Mono cropping isfollowed while and annualrainfall of150cm. It needsmeantemperature of24°C IndiaSouth Paddy isthestaplefood crop of farming. Farmers practice Subsistence and deltaregions. This farming ispracticed inplains grown. In thisfarming, food crops are phosphoric acidandlime Poor innitrogen, humus, magnesium. Rich inminerals suchasiron and rocks ofancientcrystalline decomposition This isformed dueto Subsistence farming www.kalvikural.com Sugarcane Red Soils ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS Paddy 143 acid andhumus. This soilispoorinnitrogen phosphoric calcium andmagnesium. It isrichinpotashlime, Aluminium Deccan trap. derivedThese soils from of basalts agriculture. Tribal peopleinvolved inShifting areas. It isgenerally followed intheforest vegetables are generally cultivated. In thisagriculture, gains and industry. It istheraw materialfor cotton textile in theproduction ofcotton. India occupies secondnexttoChina subtropical climate. Cotton grows intropical well and while cultivating wheat. Dual cropping methodisadopted ripening ofgrains. sowing and20-25°Catthetimeof It requires 10-15°C atthetimeof India. Wheat isthestaplefood crop of North Shifting agriculture Black soils Cotton Wheat G anga

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 1. G VIII anga    Black soils:          Laterite soils:     Red Soil:  surface. Itisgenerally formed by theweatheringofrocksunder different conditions. is oneofthemostimportantnaturalSoil resources.It istheuppermostlayer oftheland soil. Alluvial soils: The eighttypes ofsoilsandits characteristics are- State and explainthecharacteristics thesoil inIndia types of and distribution of Answer inaParagraph Light texture, porous friable presence solublesalts. oflimited phosphoric acidandlime. It It is formed rocks of ancientdue decomposition crystalline like granites andgneisses. Rayalaseema. This type of soil found in Malwa plateau, Kathiawar peninsula, Telangaga and Its nature isstickywhenwetandhighdegree ofmoisture retentive. poorinnitrogenmagnesia. But, phosphoricacidandhumus. It consistsof calcium and magnesium carbonates, iron, aluminium, lime and andiron.of titanium soil is derivedBlack from of Deccan basalts trap. It is black in colour due to presence Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, West andBihar. Bengal The soil is distributed in Ganga and Brahmaputra river valleys, plains of Uttar Sandy, loam,siltandclay are nature. its poorinnitrogen.But, Its chemical properties are – rich in potash, phosphoric acid and carbon compounds. darkincolour.and Bhangar The two varieties of Alluvial soils are Khadar and Bhangar. Khadar is light coloured byIt isthesedimentsdeposited streams andrivers. ghats. It is found of Keralainsummits hill Assam hills, and Karnataka and Eastern retains moisture. Its nature is more acidic on higher areas and poor in high level, clay and easily This soiliscomposedofhydrated oxides ofiron andaluminium. This soilisformed by theprocess ofleaching. Tamilnadu, Kerala andChotaNagpur Plateau. Red soil is found in part Eastern of Deccan plateau, of southern Kerala,states is www.kalvikural.com rich in minerals such as iron and 144 magnesium and deficient in nitrogen, UNIT -III humus,

2. UNIT -III ) Bhakra-Nangal Project : i) purpose projects. floods, hydro power generation, watersupply for drinking and industrial purpose, controlling The construction of dams across rivers is aimed at many purposes. It helps in irrigation,    Peaty andmarshysoils:     Saline andalkalinesoils:    Arid anddesertsoils:     Forest andMountainsoils: Write about anytwo Multipurpose projectsofIndia. world. The entire project is divided into two separate divisions. They are- i) The one ofthelargest Indian multipurpose projects constructed over theriver Sutlej. India projectThe mostambitious to convert large barren semi-arid region Westof North and Sundarbanregions. The soil is found in of Kerala,some parts coastal areas ofOdisha and Tamilnadu soluble salts. The It isformed inhumidregions from theorganic matter. and Maharashtra. The soils are found in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan It consistsofundecomposedrock andmineral fragments. The soilliberates sodium,magnesiumandcalciumsalts andsulphurous acid. by action. soil thecapillary It is formed due drainage.to ill are Salts transferred from subsurface to the top areThese soils found Rajasthan, Northern Gujarat Punjab. andSouthern The soilsare lightincolour, low humusandfriable structure andlowinmoisture. carbonate andispoorinorganic matter. It contains high percentages of soluble alkaline varyingsalts, with degree of calcium Sikkim andEasternWestern Ghats. These soils found in the forest of Jammu belts and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, rocks. Very richinhumus,slowdecomposition makes acidic. it Their nature is light, sandy and thin. Theircharacter theparent changeswith They are deficientinpotash,phosphorusandlime. reasons for theformation ofthesesoils. Due tomechanical weathering caused by snow, rain, temperature variation are the Bhakra Damand ii) TheNangalBarrage development After construction,Bhakra-NangalAfter became one of thehighest dams in the soil into is lush deficient

green of www.kalvikural.com fisheries, in fertile potash navigation, agricultural and 145 phosphate. etc. field These was Contain

Bhakra types of considerable Nangal dams are Project. G called amount anga It Multi- was of

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 3. G anga    Plantation agriculture:     Intensive farming: other desired products. Avariety offarming practises are followed inIndia. Agriculture ii) Bring outthecharacteristics ofIntensiveandPlantation farming. This method is applied to raise in livestock of animals billions such with as cows, pesticides andchemicalfertilizers. It aims tomaximize yields from available land through various means suchasusing agriculture. Intensive palm, sugarcane, bananasandpineapples. of theimportant plantationSome crops are tea, coffee, cocoa, rubber, cotton, oil temperatures andreceive highannualrainfall. Countries thathave plantation agriculturehigh experience annual usually It isaform ofcommercial farming where crops are grown for profit. Madhya Pradesh inIndia. Intensive farming is practiced in Punjab, parts of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and pigs andchickens beingheldindoors. v v v v v v Its objectives are- dam at Hirakud. It is the longest dam in the world and irrigates 1,41,600 sq. km. This rapid fall from considerable height provoked planners toerectthis monumental v v v v Hirakud Project : Control ofoccasional flood andresultant havoc. amplehydel Harnessing powerfrom flowofwater. swift Rapid industrialization of the area through the stableand assured power supply. Overall economic development of the area by providing employment at the Improvement ofwater transport through greater navigability. Irrigation through canals tolarge areas ofPuriand Cuttack districts. Nearly, Apart from the twomain dams storage, this project comprisesseveral hydro Nangal dam islocated13kmdownstream ofBhakra. Thecombined length of The project. directly by theBhakra Nangalmultipurpose project. projects. Bhakra-Nangal Canalexceeds 1000kms. This lake ispopularlyknownasGovind SagarLake. Mahanadi is the lifeline of Orissa. It enters Orissa from the highland of Naraj. www.kalvikural.com is Bhakra the farming almost process Dam all is of of has an producing Punjab, agricultural the capacity large 146 food intensification areas to for store people, of Haryana more fodder and than and

mechanization for 10,000 Rajasthan cattle, million fibre are UNIT -III system and mз benefited water. many of 5. 4. UNIT -III  are natural andsomeothersare manmade. Indian agriculture and Indian farmersare plagued by several problems. ofthem Some       Wheat:       Rice: food crop India ofSouth andwheatisthemaincrop inNorthIndia. Indian agriculture is largely dominated by the food crops. Among them, rice is the main wheat.   What are themajorissues facedbyfarmersin India? Examine the geographical conditions favourable for the cultivation of rice and The problem and of Small fragmented land-holdings is more serious in densely tract oftheDeccan. It grows in Uttar well Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh and the black soil and clay loamsare for soils thebestsuited wheatcultivation. wheat canbegrownAlthough in a variety drained well ofsoils, fertile, friable loams rainfall of100cmisthehighestlimit ofwheatcultivation. Wheat thrives in areas well receiving an annual rainfall of about75cm.Annual moderatewith rainfall. Wheat is primarily a crop grasslandsof mid-latitude and requires a cool climate It requires 10-15° C at the time of sowing and 20-25° C at the time of ripening of grains. Wheat isthesecondmostimportantfood crop ofourcountrynexttorice. Tamil NaduandAndhra Pradesh. Important riceproducing Indiaare states West UttarBengal, Pradesh, Punjab, Rice is sown in three ways – Broadcasting, Ploughing or and drilling Transplanting. It needsabundantsupplyofcheaplabour. Deep fertile clayey orloamy soilsare for well suited ricecultivation. annual rainfall of150cm. It is mainly tropical crop, growing mainly mean with temperature of 24° C and Rice is an indigenous crop. India is the secondlargest producer ofricein the world. & Kashmir andmostoftheEasternStatesIndia. Plantation agriculture is followed in Kerala, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu the products. cheap labour and of transportationa good system and marketsfor of theexport large The characteristicfeatures ofthis type offarming are largeor plantations, estates holdings (lessthan1hectare) populated capital regions. investment, www.kalvikural.com ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS About scientific 76% of 147 methods operational of cultivation, land holdings single in Indian crop specialisation, G are anga marginal

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 2. 1. G IX anga    the project into consideration. one of the best projects. However, actions to be taken considering the pros and cons of increasesthe goodidea asit the water level oftheriver. Godavari and Kaveri linking is the rivers are perennial rivers. Theseare themain reasons for thedispute. water during the summer season. India South is dependent on monsoon rainfall and (construction ofdams/raisingcleaning oftanks)? permanent danger. Farming ismore importantthanmedicinenowdays. has increased multifolds and natural resources decreased. Food insecurity is now a No, wecannotimagineaworldwithout agriculture.       Can yougivesolutions for the prevailing water disputes in SouthIndia Can youimagineaworld withoutagriculture? The best solution is Linking the water accessrivers to the river like would be one of There is a Indialong of South dispute the states between regarding distribution of If there is no agriculture, starve. the world will In this century, the population Hot questions the productivity. of thefarmers are and marginal small farmers. So, the scarcity affects ofcapital Agriculture is an important industry which requires a huge capital. In India, most good tothemarkets. means of transportation. So, the famers face a lot of problems in sending their One theirproductsto sell immediatelyatthelowprices. Storage facilities in the rural areas are thefarmers absent. So totally are compelled fluctuation inthepricesofagricultural products. In the rural India, agricultural marketing continues in a bad shape. There is a Such areas shouldbetreated properly andrestored fertility. its Fertile lands sufferfrom erosion soil by wind and wateralso affects the agriculture. productivity. human hand using simple conventional tools. Lackofmechanization leads tolow In most oftheareas, the agricultural operations in larger partsare carriedon third ofthecropped area falls underirrigatedarea. Lack of irrigation is one major problems faced by the Indian farmers. Only one- much for replenishing. Thisledtodepletionofsoils andlowproductivity. Indian soils are used for growing crops over thousands of years caring without price. areseeds outofthereach for many and marginal small farmersdue to theirhigh are Seeds basicinput for attaining higher crop yields. Unfortunately, good quality www.kalvikural.com of the main handicaps with Indian 148 agriculture is the lack of cheap and UNIT -III efficient 8. Locatethe fishinghubs:Tuticorin,Chennai,Cochin, Mumbai,Machilipatnam. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. UNIT -III X Demarcate: Cauverydelta, Godavaridelta Demarcate theregions ofdesertsoil. Mark any threeteaand coffeegrowingareas. Shade theregionsofjutecultivation. Locate the Hirakud dam, MetturdamandDamodar dam. Delineate themainregions ofblacksoil. Demarcate themajor tractsofalluvialsoils. MapWork www.kalvikural.com MA 149 JOR SOILGROUPS INDI TYPES OFSOIL La Black Re Alluvia Pe Saline andAl Arid andDesert Fo A te rest andMountai aty andMarshy d ri te l ka lin S e W n S N E G anga

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY G anga www.kalvikural.com 150 UNIT -III UNIT -III Mumbai C ochin www.kalvikural.com T uticorin Cauver XG Chennai y Delta Machilipatnam DFD 151 Godavari Delta GW T Jute GrowingAre Co ea GrowingAre e e GrowingAre a a a G anga

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 9. 8. 7. The first 6. Thefirst 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. G I

GEOGRAPHY anga c) a) a) a) c) a) a) c) a) a) 60to70%carbon c) 80to95%Carbon a) Coppersmelting c) a) The nucleus for the development of the Chotanagpur Plateau region is ______. The famousSindriFertilizer plant islocatedin ______. The mostabundantsource ofenergyis______. The city which iscalled astheManchester ofSouth Indiais______. The mostimportantconstituents ofpetroleum are hydrogenand______. The Anthracite coalhas ______. Manganese isusedin ______. Choose the Correct Choosethe Answer Transport Large demand Jharkhand Bio mass Maharashtra Gujarat Kolkata Madurai Chennai Oxygen Storage batteries UNIT 4 NuclearPower station wascommissioned in______. jutemillofIndia wasestablishedat______. www.kalvikural.com b) b) b) Bihar Mumbai Water b) Sun

BOOK EXERCISEBOOK RESOURCES AND c) c) c) b) d) d) b) d) b) 50%Carbon Below d) Above 70%Carbon b) Petroleum refining d) b) INDUSTRIES Rajasthan Ahmedabad Carbon Mineral deposits Power availability Nadu Tamil Rajasthan Coimbatore Salem Steel making 152 c) Coal d) d) d) Assam Baroda Nitrogen Ans : d) Ans : Ans : Oil Ans : Ans : b) Mineraldeposits a)80to95%coal Ans : Ans : b) Steelmaking Ans : c) Maharashtra d) Coimbatore a) Jharkhand Ans : UNIT -IV a) Kolkata c) Carbon b) Sun 21. 20. 19. 18. 17. Thefirst 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. UNIT -IV a) c) a) a) c) a) a) a) a) a) ______. c) a) a) a) chemical andphysicalproperties. c) a) c) Aluminium is used in the manufacturing of ______and automobile engines. Bauxite is animportant orefromwhich ______isextracted. Jharkand is the largest producer of ______with 62% of India’sproduction. Largest reserves ofcopper oreisinthestateof ______. Being ______, isusedtomake copper utensils andother any shape. objects of India isthe ______largestproducer ofmanganese intheworld. The headquarters of the Manganese Ore India Limited is (MOIL) located in ______istheleading producerofironoreinthecountry. ______isthemost widelydistributedelement oftheEarthcrust. ______One oftheshorebased steelplantsofIndiais located at______. Kolkata Aircrafts Iron Iron Rajasthan Copper Gujarat Strong Iron First Nagpur Jharkhand Tamil Nadu Rock Iron Goa Furniture metalusedby theprehistoricman is______. is b) b) b) b) b) b) b) a natural Aluminium Light weight Aluminium Third New Delhi Lime stone Mineral www.kalvikural.com ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS substance c) c) c) c) c) c) c) b) b) b) b) d) d) d) b) d) d) Copper Rigid Copper Fifth Kolkata Iron ore Coal Tuticorin Railway engines Mica Haryana Aluminium Uttarakhand Madhya Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Visakhapatnam. Stationeries 153 of organic d) d) d) d) d) d) d) or inorganic Gold Flexible Gold Seventh Ranchi Coal Petroleum Ans : d) Visakhapatnam Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : origin d)Aluminium d)Flexible c)Copper c) Ironore b) Mineral a) Aircraft c) Copper a) Rajasthan c) fifth a) Nagpur c) Jharkhand with G anga definite

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 34. 33. The 32. 31. 30. 29. 28. 27. 26. 25. 24. 23. 22. G anga a) c) a) c) a) a) a) a) effect. a) a) c) a) ______. a) c) a) c) a) a) ______hasthe largest installation ofwind turbines inthecountry. ______isacheap andpollutionfreesource ofenergy. Photovoltaic converts ______in to an electric current using the photovoltaic Power generated from ______istermedas hydroelectricity. Petroleum isalsocalled as______. The wordpetroleum is derived from twoLatin wordssuchas ______and The headquartersofCoal IndiaLimited islocated in______,WestBengal. Coal is valuable one for the Industrial development. So it is called as ______. Coal isavailable inthe formof______rocks. The resources from whichthe electricity generated are called ______resources. ______isthenon-conductor ofelectricity. Mica becameverypopular withthedevelopment of______industry. Gujarat Wind New Delhi Heat Wind Crude oil Petro andOleum Dacca Liquid gold Sedimentary Heat Aluminium Automobile Chemical Tamil Nadu Petro andoil gold Black Igneous first

www.kalvikural.com hydro-electric b) Hydro b) b) b) b) b) b) b) Sound Darjeeling Light Sun Mineral oil Baharampur Mica power station c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) b) b) b) b) b) d) d) d) d) d) Thermal Kashmir Wind Water Earth oil Kolkata Copper Thermal Maharashtra Petro andlium gold White Liquid Textile Electrical Goa pet andrilim gold Brown Metamorphic 154 in India

was d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) Energy established Biomass Mumbai Water Minerals Indian oil Durgapur Iron Ans : Ans : Ans : a) Sedimentary a) PetroandOleum c) Blackgold Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : at ______b)Mineraloil b) Mica d) Electrical c) TamilNadu a) Wind b) Darjeeling b) Light c) Water c) Kolkata d) Energy UNIT -IV in 1897. 47. 46. Thefirst 45. 44. Thefirst 43. 42. 41. 40. 39. 38. ______istheprocess ofcottonfiberisseparated fromthecottonseed. 37. Thefirtcottontextile 36. 35. UNIT -IV a) map asamajorhubforglobaldesignandmanufacturing. a) c) a) a) a) a) to cottonindustry. a) Tamil Nadu. a) cotton textile. a) ‘Manchester ofIndia. a) c) a) a) c) a) Bengaluru isthelargest producerof______goods inIndia. Make in Indiaprogram was launched in______to putIndiaonthe world The major mineralbased industryofcountryis the______industry. In India,______istheprincipalrawmaterial usedformakingpaper. At present, ______largest based industrynext isthesecond agro in India The ______industryimportant isthesecond textile industry after in India The higher concentration of textile mills in andaround______, makes it as ______basedindustries drawtheirrawmaterials fromagriculturalsector. Fort St.George Forest Coimbatore Ginning 2010 1947 Textile Automobile Serampore Bamboo Jute Thanjavur Wool Fort Gloster Sandal Electric first automobileindustry inIndiawasstarted in______. papermillof

attempt b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) to Agro Mumbai Scouring 2011 1950 Baharampur Soft wood Silk Chennai Khadi www.kalvikural.com produce millwasestablishedin______nearKolkatain1818. Indiawasstartedin1812 at______inWestBengal. iron c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) b) d) b) d) d) b) Mineral Surat Spinning 2013 1951 Kolkata Teak Sugar Port Novo Jute and Fort St.Williams Paper Iron andsteel Fort St.john Commercial Electronic 155 steel unit d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) was Chemical Sholapur Warping 2014 1948 Durgapur Oak paper Madurai silk Ans : set b) Ironandsteel up Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : Ans : at ______b)Mumbai b)Agro c)Sugar c)Jute a) Ginning c) FortGloster b) Electronic d) 2014 a) 1947 a) Serampore b) Softwood c) PortNovo G anga in

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 1. 2. 1. 53. 52. 51. 50. 49. 48.

G II anga a) c) a) c) a) c) a) a) a) automobile manufacturingunits. c) 2. Manchester ofIndia 1. Electricalcapital power 5. Solar 4. Tidalenergy 3. Windform 2. Thermal powerplant 1. Detroit ofIndia 5. Mica 4. Iron ore Gold 3. Black 2. Gypsum 1. Bauxite The mines whichare deep fromthe Earthcrust areknownas______. The mines neartheEarth crustareknownas______. ofextractingThe process mineralsfromtheEarth is knownas______. ______is nicknamed as the ‘Detroit of Asia’ due to the presence of major In India,softwareindustry beganin1970with theentryof______. ______iscalled ‘ElectronicCapitalofIndia’. 3. Detroit ofAsia Match the Following Match the Crust mines Crust mines Digging Mumabi Tata ConsultancyServices Bengaluru Hyderabad Deep mines Deep mines Accenture www.kalvikural.com

b) b) Excavating Kolkata ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

------c) c) b) b) b) d) b) d) d) d) b) a) e) d) c) a) e) d) c) b) a) c) b) Mining Hyderabad Coimbatore Cotton industry Chennai 1975 Andhra Pradesh Gujarat Magnetite Coal Electrical goods Aircraft Cement Bangaluru Thiruvananthapuram Shaft mines Shaft mines L &TInfotech New Delhi Chennai Open pitmines Open pitmines Cognizant 156 Ans : Ans: Ans: d) d) 1 -e,2d,3a,4b,5c 1 -b,2a,3d,4e,5c Extracting Chennai a) TataConsultancyServices Ans : Ans : d)Openpitmines b) Shaftmines Ans : Ans : Ans : c) Minning d) Chennai c) Bengaluru UNIT -IV 3. Name the statesthat 2. Define–theresource 1. 3. 1.Digboi 2. III UNIT -IV            Ans:  What are theminerals anditstypes? 5. Mica 4. Gypsum 3. Coal 2. Bauxite 1. Iron ore 5. Brown lungdisease 4. Largest producer ofsilk 3. Windenergy mineral2. Non–metallic India5. Manchester ofSouth 4. Monday fever Answer following the questions briefly chemical andphysical properties. Minerals Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Naduare alsonotablefor theproduction ofiron ore. productionThe magnetite ofChhattisgarh is18%andKarnataka is20%. Odisha with21%production ranks secondinthecountry. Jharkhand istheleadingproducer ofiron ore 25% thecountry’s with production. The total recoverable reserves ofiron ore in India are found throughout the country. Example:Coal,petroleumutilisation. andnatural gas. Non–renewable resourcesare thesourcesthat cannotbereplaced again after Example:solarenergy,utilisation. windenergy, tidalenergy andwave energy. Renewable resources are thosewhich have natural regeneration their after Non–renewal resources. Natural Natural resourcesinclude air, water, soil, minerals, fossil fuels, plants, wild life, etc. asnaturalis called resources. Energy derived from the environment that is used by living things including human non–metallic minerals.non–metallic Minerals are broadly groupedThey are under two categories. and (ii) (i) metallic oilfield

resources are the www.kalvikural.com leadintheproductionofironoreIndia. natural are andstateitstypes. classified substance ------a) Karnataka - - - d) e) c) b) a) e) d) c) b) e) d) into Jharkhand Rajasthan Limonite Odisha Andhra Pradesh Kanniyakumari Limestone Textile industry Oldest one Mumbai Chennai 157 two of organic such Ans: Ans: as or (i) 1 -d,2b,3c,4e,5a 1 -b,2d,3e,4a,5c 1 -c,2e,3d,4a,5b Renewable inorganic origin resources G with anga definite and (ii)

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 7. Namethe differenttypes ofcoalwiththeircarbon content. 6. 5. 4. G anga       classified intothefollowing types. Coal is available in the form is onit carbon content, ofsedimentaryrocks. Based          Mention the majorareas ofjuteproductioninIndia. What isnatural gas? State the usesofmagnesium. S.No. 3 2 1 4 other jutegoodproducing areas. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, chhattisgarh and Odisha are the the HooglyRiver theradius within ofsixkilometre ofKolkata. The majorjuteproducing areas in India are West and concentratedBengal along jute goodsnexttoBangladesh. India tops in the production of raw jute and jute goods and second in the exportof It isusedasasource ofenergy for heating,cookingandelectricity generation. heat andpressure over thousandsofyears. It is formed when layers ofdecomposedplants and animals are exposedtointense percentagesmall ofcarbon–dioxide, nitrogen andhydrogen sulphides. commonly includes varyingBut, amounts of other higher alkanes and sometimes a It is naturally occurring hydro carbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane. Natural gasusuallyaccompanies thepetroleum accumulations. found incameras, phonesandotherelectronic laptops,cell gadgets. The elementis oftenalloyed aluminium with and other metals.So, they canbe intrucksandautomobiles. especially light Due to weight its and strength, is used it in making many vehicle parts and flashphotography. Burning It is also used in manufacturing of bleaching powder, insecticides, paints and batteries. material for alloying. It is important mineral used for making iron and and steel serves asbasic raw mineralsNon-metallic donotcontainmetalinthem.Ex.Mica,limestone andcoal. them. Ex.Goldandcopper. mineralsMetallic are themineral which contain one ormore elementsin metallic www.kalvikural.com Peat Lignite Bituminous Anthracite magnesium Types ofcoal produces Less than40%carbon 40 to60%carbon 60 to80%carbon 80 to90%carbon white Carbon content 158 light. So, it ideal for firework sparklers, UNIT -IV flares 11. 0 Namethe differentformsofironoresandits content. 10. 9. Namethe importantoil producingregionsofIndia. 8. UNIT -IV    yellow ordeeppurpletorusty red. Theiron isusuallyfound infollowing form- The iron ores are rich in usually iron oxides and vary in colour from dark gray, bright The organisations associatedwithminerals inIndia are- India isobtainedfrom on-shore areas asoff-shore aswell areas. Theyare- Petroleum is oil obtained from rocks oftheEarth.So, Mineral is also called it oil. Oil in Write anote onLime stone. What are theorganisations associated withminerals in India? 3 2 1 S.No. S.No. S.No. 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 Lime stone is used in the industries of chemicals for soda ash, caustic soda, and sulphur. Limestone also of contains silica, quantities alumina, small iron oxides, phosphorous carbonate ofcalciumandmagnesiumormixture ofboth. Lime rocksstone is associated with calcium carbonate or composedofeither bleaching powder, paper, cement, iron andsteel,glassfertilizers. Cambay–Luni Region Ankaleshwar Bhavanagar Aliabet oilfield,Southof Gujarat Coast Mumbai Highoil fields Centre (NFTDC) Non–Ferrous MaterialTechnology Development Indian Bureau ofMines Geological Survey ofIndia Siderite Limonite Goethite Hematite Magnetite Form ofIronores Oil fields www.kalvikural.com ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS Organisations 159 Iron content(%) S.No. 10 9 8 7 6 48.2% 62.9% 69.9% 72.4% 55% Punjab, Haryana andUttar Pradesh ofMannar Gulf Offshore ofAndamanandNicobar Digboi oil fields,Assam Bharmaputra Valley Hyderabad Nagpur Kolkata Oil fields Headquarters G anga

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 15. Namethe majorsoftware industriesinIndia. 14. 13. 12. G anga            Industries inIndia face many problems. majorproblems Some are listed below-     of India’.      The following facilities favours thedevelopment ofcotton industries inMumbai. textile Mention the majorchallenges ofIndianindustries. Why isMumbai called as‘ManchesterofIndia’? What isGAIL? iv) iii) ii) i) The high concentration in and mills aroundof textile Mumbai, makes as‘Manchester it Inappropriate livingconditions nearby industrialestates. Lack oftechnicalandvocational trained employees. Non-availability ofcheaplabourers. High rate ofinterest for borrowed loan.. Poor access tocredit. Non-availability oflarge blocksofland. Shortage andfluctuationinpowersupply. India Pvt.Ltd., andITC Infotech are themajorsoftware industriesinourcountry. Along this, L with & T, Infotech, i-Flex, Accentures, Cognizant, GalexE Solutions (TCS). In India, thesoftwareof Tata theentry industrybegan with ConsultancyServices solutions. The India ishometosomeofthefinestsoftware companiesintheworld. Good market developed andwell transport facilities. Availability ofhydro power, Presence ofMumbaiport, Humid climate, Presence ofblackcotton soilinMaharashtra, It hasthefollowing businesssegments– inNewDelhi. Its headquartersinsituated India. It isthelargestnatural state-owned gas processing and distribution company in GAIL isformerly knownasGasAuthority ofIndia Limited. Gas transmission Liquefied petroleum Liquid hydrocarbon Natural gas www.kalvikural.com software companies in India viii) vii) vi) v) are 160 reputed Electricity generation Exploration andproduction City gasdistribution Petrochemical across the world for their UNIT -IV efficient IT 4. 3. Metallic 2. Renewable andNon-renewable resources. 1. IV UNIT -IV Jute industryandSugar industry. Agro based industryand Mineralbasedindustry. S.No. S.No. S.No. S.No. Distinguish between Distinguish 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 carpet are thebi-product ofJute Jute bags,rope, matsand jute goodsintheworld. India isthelargest producer of industry. Jute istheraw materialsinthis industries. Sugar industryare agro based Cotton industryand textile cultivation (farms). located neartheareas of Most ofthesefactories are products astheirraw materials. These industriesuseagricultural industry. and Non-metallic minerals. Renewable resources. Air, water andsunlight are the one resource toanother. resources may bedifferent from Time taken torenew the reproduced againandagain. These resources canbe examples. Gold, manganeseandcopperare These minerals lookshining. them. one ormore elementsin metallic mineralsThe metallic contain Agro basedindustry Renewable resources Metallic minerals Jute industry www.kalvikural.com 161 molasses andpress mud. The mainby-products are bagasse, of sugarintheworldnexttoBrazil. India isthesecondlargest producer raw materials ofSugarindustry. Sugarcane andsugarbeetare the industries. industries are mineral based Cement andSteelIron to thesource ofminerals (mines). These industriesare locatednearer minerals are usedasraw materials. Here, andnon-metallic metallic are examples. Lime stone,gypsumandpotash colour.These metalslookdull contain metalinthem. mineralsThe Non-metallic donot are Non-renewable resources. Coal, petroleum andnatural gas cannot berenewed easily. resources isextremely slowand The timeofformation these reproduced aftertheusage. These resources canbe Non–renewable resources Mineral basedindustry Non–metallic minerals Sugar industry G anga

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 7. 6. Conventionalenergy 5. 8. G anga Automobile industryand Electronic industry. Paper industry andSugar industry. Iron andsteelindustry andsoftwareindustry. 3 2 1 S.No. S.No. S.No. S.No. 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 sources (e.g.thermalpower). They are commonandwidelyused when used. coal andfirewood) causepollution Most oftheseenergy sources (e.g. non-renewable sources ofenergy. coal, petroleum andnatural gas)are Conventional sources ofenergy (e.g. area. Automobile industryoccupies avast transport goodsandpeople. It manufactures commercial vehicles to system ofthepeoplecompletely. This industry haschanged the transport www.kalvikural.com this industry. bagasee are theraw materialsof Wood pulp, bamboo, waste papers, throughout theyear. Paper industryfunctions based industry. Paper industryisaforest products are employed intheseindustries. worked andsemi-skilled skilled Both Plateau region. are locatedintheChota-Nagpur Most oftheiron andsteelindustries These are mineral basedindustries. Iron andsteelindustry Conventional energy Automobile industry Paper industry and Non-conventionalenergy. ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS 162 materials ofthisindustry. Sugarcane andsugarbeetare theraw during thesugarcane harvest season. throughout theyear. Itfunctions The sugarindustrydoesnotfunction It isanagro-based industry. and windmills. of energy. For example,solarpanels They are comparatively newsources solar energy, geothermalenergy etc.). They donotcauseany (e.g. pollution renewable sources ofenergy. (e.g. solarandwindenergy) are Non-conventional sources ofenergy these industries. workersSkilled aloneare employed in over all cities India. These industriesare scattered inbig These are not mineral based industries. this type ofindustries. Minimum area isenoughtostart and iPod, pendrives etc. It produces communicationdevices people toagreat extent. It haschangedthelifestyle ofthe Non–conventional energy Software industry Electronic industry Sugar industry UNIT -IV 1. 10. 9. UNIT -IV V  Manchester ofSouthIndia:   Manchester ofIndia:    Cotton textileindustry: The firstcotton was mill textile atFort established Gloster nearKolkata in1818. Textile Write about thedistribution ofcottontextileindustries inIndia. Wind energyandThermalenergy. Thermal electricityand Hydroelectricity. S.No. S.No. 3 2 1 Answer following the inaParagraph 3 2 1 Coimbatore is the mostimportant centre ofTamil 435 out Nadu 200 of its with mills industries inMumbai. power, good market developedand well transport facility favour thecotton textile cottonBlack soil in Maharashtra, humid Mumbaiclimate, port, availability of hydro “Manchester ofIndia”. The higher concentration in mills of and textile around Mumbai makes as it It isoneofthelargest sources ofemployment generation inthecountry. GDP and15%ofthecountry’s export earnings. The biggest source of employment for of people millions in rural and semi urban areas. Traditional likesectors hand loom, handicrafts andpower-loomsmall areunits the mills. So it is called ‘Manchester of South India. ‘Manchester ofSouth iscalled it So mills. is produces windenergy. Maharashtra has windfarms and Tamil Nadu,Gujarat and It isfree from pollution. wind usingmill. Wind energy isproduced from a cotton are non-renewable. The resources usedinthissystem thermal powerstations. of electricity inIndia isfrom Nearly 66%ofthetotalproduction coal, petroleum, natural gas, etc. Thermal electricity is produced using broad textile term Thermal electricity Wind energy www.kalvikural.com which industries

includes contribute cotton, 163 about coal, petroleum andnatural gas. Thermal energy isproduced by burning thermal energy. Mizoram andWest are Bengal producing Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand,Chhattisgarh, atmosphere. Thermal powerplantspollutethe jute, renewable. The resource usedinthissystemis power. of electricity inIndia isfrom hydro Nearly 20%ofthetotalproduction water. Hydro electricity isproduced from 7% wool, of

silk Thermal energy industrial Hydro electricity and synthetic output, G 2% fibre anga of textiles. India’s

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 3. 2. G anga  Distribution ofcottontextileindustries:  Textile IndustriesinTamilNadu: The majoriron andsteelindustriesofIndia are- and silicon which are required for iron and steelindustry. Bengal industrial development. steel producing capacity of a country is generally taken as an indicator levelof its of are usedasraw materialsby hostofother industries. Iron      Hoogly river theradius within ofsixkilometre ofKolkata. as ‘Goldenfibre’. It is the second largest industry textile in India after cotton Jute textiles. is also known Jute Hoogly region. Write an accountonthemajorironandsteelindustries ofIndia. Explain the factors responsible for the concentration of jute industries in the S.No. Iron and industry of Indiasteel is mainly concentrated of Jharkhand, in the states West Several industries use iron and steel as their primary raw material. Due to this, the The factors responsible for the concentration of jute industries in the Hoogly regions are- The major jute producing areas are in West and concentratedBengal along the 3 2 1 Kolkata Labour Water Transport Raw material Gujarat, West Uttar Bengal, Pradesh andTamil Nadu. The major cotton industries are textile concentratedof Maharashtra, in the states Virudhunagar are themajorcotton centres textiles inTamil Nadu. Erode, Tirupur, Karur, Chennai, Thirunelveli, Madurai, Thoothukudi, Salem and and and is Steel Ltd., (VISL) Visweshwaraya Iron & Company (IISCO) Indian Iron andSteel Company (TISCO) Tata Iron andSteel Name oftheindustry www.kalvikural.com a

low steel Odisha. priced industry : : : : :

These The developed urban city provides banking, insurance, and port Cheap labour is easily available from West Odisha, andBihar. Bengal. There istheabundantwater supplyfor processing ofjute. The watersof Hugli provide inexpensive transport facilitiesand Hugli isvery neartotheareas ofjute cultivation. facilities for export. there isgoodnetworkofrailways androadways. fibre is areas used called mainly Karnataka Bhadravati, Kulti, West Bengal Burnpur, Hirapur, Jharkhand Jamshedpur, have as ‘Basic 164 sufficient for Place metallurgical making iron package ore, 1911 beginning Year of industry’. 1923 1972 coal, materials limestone, Its steel Alloy andSponge steel Pig iron & Crude Pig iron finished like Product gunny UNIT -IV manganese products bags. . Explainthefactorsthat influencethelocationof Industries. 4. UNIT -IV Wateris very essential for industries like iron rayon, textiles, and steel, Forpaper etc. Water : from over all thecountry. factorfor thelocation of industries. For example, Mumbai and Chennai get manpower Availability Man power: the port. finished Transport is an important factorfor carrying raw materials to manufacturing and units Transport : requires it coal fields.Because, about5tonsofcokingcoaltomelt 1tonofiron ore. processthe raw materials. Most oftheiron and steel industries are locatednearly the Most oftheindustries tend tobelocatednearthesource ofpower. Power is needed to Power : material. sugar industry islocatedneartheraw isaweightlosing materialregion. it Because, Industries are respect locatedwith to theavailability ofraw materials.For example, Raw material: water, market andgovernment policies. The location of an industry is determined by raw material, power, transport, man power, 100 tonsofwater for bleaching. example, 1 tonneeds300 tons ofwaterof steel for cooling and 1 tonofrayon needs S.No. 9 8 7 6 5 4 products Plant Visakhapatnam Steel Salem SteelPlant (Russian collaboration) Hindustan SteelLtd., collaboration)(British Hindustan SteelLtd., (German collaboration) Hindustan SteelLtd., (Russian collaboration) Hindustan SteelLtd., Name oftheindustry of skilled to the www.kalvikural.com and ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS markets. unskilled Oil Andhra Pradesh Visakhapatnam, Salem, Tamil Nadu Bokarao, Jharkhand Bengal Durgapur, West Rourkela, Odisha ChattisgarhBhilai, or refineries 165 technically Place are qualified located beginning Year of 1981 1982 1972 1959 1965 1957 near manpower railway Hot metal Stainless steel Sludge andslog railway equipments Alloy steel and rolled sheets & hotandcold Electric plates ship building equipments and Railway is stations Product G an anga important or near

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY G VII anga a) are locatedclosetothecentersofconsumption. High demand and purchasing power determinethemarket. So, most oftheindustries Market : e) d) c) b) On the outlinemapofIndia,mark Onthe following the Iron ore production centres. Iron and steel industries. Areas ofcultivation ofcotton. Coal mining centres. Centres ofpetroleum and Natural gasproduction. www.kalvikural.com XG DFD 166 GW Ir Ce C C Ce Ce on oreproduc otton growingarea oal Mi ntres of ntres of ntres ofnaturalG ning centre Pe Ir on andSteelindustries trolium tion centre as produc s tion UNIT -IV 8. TheNational Remote 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. Thescientificstudyof differentaspectsofpopulationiscalled______. 1. UNIT -V I GEOGRAPHY c) a) c) a) a) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) The transport usefulin theinaccessibleareasis ______. The lengthofnavigable InlandwaterwaysinIndia is______. The lengthofGoldenQuadrilateralsuperhighways inIndiais______. ______transport providesdoortoservices. Human Development ismeasuredintermsof______. The state withhighest literacyrateasper2011 censusis______. Choose the Correct Choosethe Answer Airways Roadways Delhi Bengaluru 17,500 km 5846 km Airways Railways Human Development Index Human Resource Index Kerala Tamil Nadu Choreography Photography UNIT 5 b) b) INDIA -POPULATION, TRANSPORT, 5000 km 5847 km www.kalvikural.com SensingCentre(NRSC)is COMMUNICATION &TRADE BOOK EXERCISEBOOK c) c) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) 14,500 km 5849 km Waterways Railways Hyderabad Chennai Waterways Roadways UNDP Per index capita Uttarpradesh Karnataka Population density Demography 167 Ans: locatedat______. d) d) c) HumanDevelopment Index 1000 km 5800 km Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: b)Roadways c) Airways d) Hyderavad c) Kerala b) Demography Ans: Ans: a)5846km c) 14,500km G anga

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 20. ______. 19. 18. 17. InIndia,thefirstcensus wascarriedoutinthe 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. G anga a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) a) a) c) a) a) a) a) a) ______islandshave thelowestdensityof population. Density of populationis expressed as number of persons per unit area usually In thedistributionof population, ______tops amongtheUnionterritories. ______istheleast populousstateinIndia. The mostpopulousstate inthecountryis______. The distribution ofpopulationinIndiaisquite ______. Census is takenonce in ______yearsour country. India isthe ______mostpopulous country intheworld. ofIndiaasper2011censusis______The population million The major importitem ofIndiais______. thefollowingWhich of isassociated withhelicopter service? Cement Vayudoot Air India Sri Lankan Lakshadweep Per sq.acre Per sq.km Chandigarh Delhi Assam 1947 Uttar Pradesh Kerala Even Ten First 1,210.19 www.kalvikural.com b) b) b) b) b) b) b) Jewells Sikkim 1950 Normal Five Second 1,500 ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS c) c) c) c) c) c) c) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) Tea Nagaland 1957 Moderate Six Third 1,320 Pavan Hans Indian Airlines Bamban Andaman &Nicobar Per sq.cm Per sq.m Lakshadweep Puducherry Maharashtra Tamil Nadu 168 Ans: year______. d) d) d) d) d) d) d) b) Andaman&Nicobar Petroleum Manipur 1872 Uneven Seven Fourth 1,333 Ans: c) UttarPradesh Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: d)PavanHans a)Delhi b) Second a) 1,210.19 d) Petroleum a) Persq.km b) Sikkim 1872 d) Uneven a) Ten UNIT -V 33. 32. 31. 30. ______ranksfirst inthecountrywithaliteracy rateof93.91%. 29. 28. 27.  26. Sexratio 25. 24. 23. 22. 21. UNIT -V a) a) a) population. 99% d) c) a) 25.25% c) 74.04% b) a) 50% a) a) ______ratio. c) a) a) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) ______istheleast urbanized statewith10.04% ofurbanpopulation. ______isthemost urbanizedstatewith62.17% ofurbanpopulation. The levelurbanization of ismeasured in term______percentage of of The lowest literacyrate isfoundin______. India’s literacyrateas per2011censusis______. The ratio between the economically inactive of populationis termed as The lowest sexratiois recordedintheunionterritory of______. ______isthemovement ofpeopleacross regionsandterritories. ______refersto thenumberoflivebirths perthousandpeopleinayear. The periodofstagnantpopulationinIndiawas ______. The growthrateofpopulation isanimportant______feature. Assam Goa Rural Bihar Assam Delhi Weeker Daman andDiu Delhi 100 Voyages Death rate Population growth 1901-1921 1901-11 Demographic Democratic Manipur isdefinedasthenumberoffemalesper ______malepopulation. b) b) b) b) b) b) Kerala Urban Tamil Nadu Backward 1000 Travelling www.kalvikural.com c) c) c) c) c) c) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) Odisha International West Bengal Dependency 10 Migration Himachal Pradesh Rajasthan Arunachal Pradesh Puducherry Haryana Growth rate rateBirth 1950-1960 1911-21 Nationalised Diplomatic Mizoram 169 d) d) d) d) d) d) Punjab National Kerala Economic 10,000 Change Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: b)Birthrate c) 1901-1921 c) Demographic b) HimachalPradesh c) DamanandDiu Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: c)Dependency c) Migration a) Goa b) Urban c) Bihar d) Kerala 74.04% b) 1000 G anga

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 44. 43. 42. 41.  40. 39. 38. 37. 36. 35. 34. G anga c) a) ______. a) world. a) India. c) a) and Mumbaiiscalledas______road. a) ______andLehinLadakh. a) port coveringadistanceof______. a) Pradesh toKanniyakumariinTamilNadu. c) a) Grand TrunkRoad. a) c) a) c) a) Indian railways network is the largest in Asia and ______largest in the ______are considered as the backbone of the surface transport system in The roadthat connects four metropolitan cities namely Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai Border Roads Organization has constructed world’s highest road joining The The The road constructed by ______from Kolkata to Peshawar is named as India hasthe______longestroadnetwork intheworld. ______isessential foreconomic development ofacountry. ______system isconsideredastheLifeline ofaCountry. The Urban Agglomerations with more than 10million populations are known as Mega cities Corporations Fifth Roadways Golden Trunk Golden Triangular Delhi 10 km NH 7 Shershah Suri Akbar First Transport Agricultural Transport Agricultural shortest longest www.kalvikural.com National National b) b) b) b) b) b) Second Waterways Darjeeling 6 km NH 47 Second

Highway Highway c) c) c) c) c) c) is is d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) ______First Railways Chandigarh 7 km NH 10 Third NH Urban centres Metropolitan cities Grand Diamond Golden quadrilateral Asoka Aurangzeb Irrigational Electrical Irrigational Electrical 170 47A which d) d) d) d) d) d) which runs Fourth Airways Amritsar 15 km NH 28 Fourth Ans: Ans: runs from b) Goldenquadrilateral c) ShershahSuri from Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ernakulam c)Transport c)Transport c)Chandigarh Varanasi, b) Second c) Megacities b) 6km a) NH7 b) Second c) Railways UNIT -V to Kochi Uttar 58. 57. 56. 55. entire country. 54. Thefirst 53. offices. 52. Airtransport inIndiamadeabeginning______fromAllahabadtoNaini. 51. 50. 49. 48. Themetro in______isthefirstoneinIndia. 47. 46. 45. UNIT -V c) a) c) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) The trade betweenmore thantwocountriesis called ______Trade. The trade betweentwo countriesiscalled______Trade. Space ResearchOrganizationwasstartedThe Indian in______. All India Radiowasrenamed asAkashwaniin______. The QuickMail Service was introduced in______and today, it covers the postal The Indian network is the largest in the world with ______post There are ______majorportsinIndia. Water transport isthe oldestandalsothe______meansoftransport. The state of______hasnorailwaynetwork. Chennai becomesthe ______Indiancitywith metrorailway. The sub-urbanrailway wasstarted in1925______. Trilateral Unilateral Trilateral Unilateral 1967 1957 1955 Delhi 1,00,000 1915 10 Costliest Mizoram Kolkata Fifth Kolkata Indianpostalstampwasissuedin1852 in______. b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) 1969 1955 1965 Kolkata 1,55,000 1918 12 Fastest Meghalaya Chennai Second Chennai www.kalvikural.com c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) d) b) d) b) 1965 1950 1975 Karachi 2,00,000 1921 13 Safest Assam New Delhi Sixth New Delhi Multilateral Bilateral Multilateral Bilateral 171 d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) 1963 1945 1985 Lahore 2,55,000 1925 14 Cheapest Bihar Mumbai Fourth Mumbai Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: d)Multilateral b)Bilateral c)Karachi d) Cheapest b) Megalaya a) Kolkata c) Sixth d) Mumbai b) 1969 a) 1957 c) 1975 b) 1,55,000 b) 1918 c) 13 G anga

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 3. 2. 1. 62. ThePostalIndexNumber(PIN)wasintroduced 61. INSAT–IBlaunched 60. 59.

G II anga c) a) as ______balanceoftrade. c) a) India. a) c) a) 4.system Barter 3. GSAT 2. Masscommunication 1. Personal communication 5. Import items 4. Exportitems 3. Bilateral trade 2. Foreign trade 1. Internal trade 5. Konkan Railways 4. Urban sprawl 3. Mazagaon Dock 2. INSAT 1. Border Road Organisation ______are considered as the surfacetransport the backbone of system of The situation in which the value of exports exceeds the value of imports is termed 5. ISRO Match the Following Match the Cost Favourable Waterways Roadway 1952 Agriculture Education www.kalvikural.com b) 1962 in 1983isthefirst______satellite inINSATseries. ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

d) c) b) a) f) e) d) c) b) a) 1960 f) e) d) c) b) a) Tradef) e) c) d) b) d) b) d) b) Telephone Bangalore Impact ofUrbanization communication Satellite Gold andtelecom instruments External trade system Barter Cement andglass Domestic trade Trade countries betweentwo Hyderabad Mumbai 1998) 1990 (actually Impact ofUrbanization communication Satellite Television 1972 International Unfavourable Airways Railways Remote Communication 172 Ans: Ans: Ans: d) inIndia______. 1–d,2e,3a,4 f,5–c 1 –f,2a,3d,4b,5c 1 – b,2–e,3a,4c,5f 1982 Ans: Ans: Ans: b)Communication a)Fourable b) Railways Ans: c) 1972 UNIT -V 1. 7. 6. 5. 4. III UNIT -V   Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans:  What isHuman Development? East Central5. South Railways 4. Western South Railways Eastern Railways3. South Central2. South Railways Railways1. Southern 5. North East Frontier Railway 4. NorthEasternRailways 3. North Central Railways 2. North Western Railways 1. NorthernRailways 5. Express ways 4. Golden Quadrilateral 3. Border Roads 2. Grand Trunk Road 1. NH-7 Railways5. Southern 4. NorthernRailways 3. MassRapid Transit System 2. River Ganga 1. Vishakapatnam Answer following the questions briefly economic, socialandpolitical freedom”. It covers thefull range of human choices from a sound physical environment to for education,healthcare, incomeandempowerment. It is a processof enlarging the range of people’s choice, increasing their opportunities It isanapproach thatisfocused onpeople andtheiropportunities andchoices.

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Hyderabad f) e) d) c) b) a) Mumbai f) e) d) c) b) a) f) e) d) c) b) a) Hyderabad f) e) d) c) b) a) Bilaspur Hubball Kolkata Secundrabad Chennai New Delhi Jaipur Allahabad Gorakhpur Guwahati Varanasi toKanniyakumari Mumbai toPune Road Mumbai Kolkata toPeshawar Delhi-Kolkata-Chennai-Mumbai Chandigarh toLeh Metro inKolkata Chennai Inland waterways Major shipyard New Delhi 173 1 –b,2 –c,3e,4a,5d 1 –a,2 –b,3c,4d,5e 1 –e,2 –d,3c,4b,5a 1 –f,2 –c,3a,4b,5e G anga

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. G anga        The majorwaterways are-           What iscommunication? Whatareitstypes? State the majorInland waterwaysofIndia. Write anote onPipelinenetworktransportinIndia. Write any fouradvantages ofrailways. What ismigration? State itstypes. ideas. Technology doeswondersincommunication fields. Communication is a process that involves exchange of information, thoughts and navigation facilities alongitsentire stretch of205km. in National river betweenDhubriandSadiya adistanceof891km. National km andincludesthestretches oftheGanga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly river system. National three importantnetworklarge networkofpipelineinthecountry. and gas pipeline from the Hazira in Gujarat otJagadispur in Uttar Pradesh are the Oil of pipelinetransport. It ensures steadysupply of goods and reduces the delays are the major advantages The initialcostoflaying pipeline ishighbutsubsequentrunningcostless. into slurry. industries. Now solids can also be transported through a pipeline when converted In the past,thesewere usedtotransport waterand mineral and oil to cities gas fields,refineries andtothemarkets. Pipelines provided a very convenient mode of transport toconnectoil and natural It helpsinconnectingfamines by quickmovement ofessentialcommodities. It helpsinagricultural development by connectingurbantorural areas. It forms amajoremployment sectorgivingjobstolakhsofpeople. Railways serve aschiefmodeoftransport for bothpassengersandgoods. centre toanother. It helpsusin moving bulk goods suchasiron ore, coalmineral oil, etc., from one International migration does nothave much impact on the population of a country. influences thedistributionofpopulationinanation. Internal migration does notchange the size ofpopulation of acountrybutit migration (within a country)orii) international the countries)migration.(between It is the movement ofpeople across regions Itcan be i) and territories. internal the field www.kalvikural.com state in waterway Waterway Waterway upper of Kerala. Assam 1 3 2 It : : It extends between Haldia It extendsbetween and Allahabad, measures 1620 : This waterway extends betweenKollam and Kottapuram is This waterway includes the stretch oftheBrahmaputra to the Kanpur, first 174 national from Salaya waterway in Gujarat in the to country Jalandhar with UNIT -V in 24 Punjab hour 10. 9. 8. Define“International 7. UNIT -V    The factors whichare responsible for theuneven distributionofpopulationare- country?              energy resources. What are the factors responsible for the uneven distribution of populationin the What iscensus? Mentionthepurposeoftaking census. State the meritsofRoadways. The physical factorsinclude relief, climate, water, natural vegetation, minerals And Historical factors factorsSocio-economic and Physical factors, government. as managementmaking and evaluationas well of various programmes by the throughThe data collected the censusare used for administration, planning, policy In India, censusisconductedataninterval oftenyears. census calculation. The specific time. disseminating otherwise demographic, economic and social data pertaining, at a Population census is the total process compiling, of collecting, analysing or and markets andcanprovide doortotransport services. Road It iscomparatively easyandcheaptocontract andmaintainroads. It ishighlysuitable for shortdistanceservices. and longdistances. Roads play an important role in carrying goods and passengers for short, medium components ofInternational trade. It is as also external tradecalled or foreign trade. Export and Import are two Trade carried on between twoor more Internationalcountries is called trade. is known as masscommunication. papers, radios, Example - News televisions, etc. Communication of people that helps to gettheinformationmillions at thesametime Postal letters, telephones,mobilephones,etc. Example – The exchange of informationthe inviduals between personal communication. is called Communication iscategorized intopersonalandmasscommunications. entire transport population system www.kalvikural.com trade”. ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS of can a country establish 175 or easy a well-defined contact between part of farms, a country fields, G is anga taken factories for

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 5 Whatare 15. Whatare 14. 13. 12. 11. G anga  opportunity, etc. human settlements, transport network,industrialization, urbanization, employment and longdistances.Itis highly suitable for shortdistanceservices. rights treaties are thehumandevelopment indicators. mobility, supplementary indicators: perceptions of and well-being status of fundamental of composition resources, workand employment, human security, human and capital       ofthemajorissuescreatedSome by theoverpopulation inourcountryare-        What are theproblems ofOverpopulation? Write the factorsofmigration. pushandpull What doesthepopulation changerefer? Socio-economic factorsSocio-economic consists ofthereligion, culture, issues,economy, political Roads play an important role in carrying goods and passengers for short,medium Population trends, outcomes,education achievements,health national income and The Population problems vary in space and time and differ from region to region. Unhealthy environment etc. Mismanagement ofnatural andagricultural resources, Malnutrition, Low standard ofliving, Unemployment andunderemployment, Overcrowding, factors ofmigration inthecountry. The employment opportunity and higher wages in the urban areas are thepull Unemployment andunderemployment intherural areas are thepushfactors. In India, themassmigration isfrom rural tourban. internal (withinacountry)orinternational(betweenthecountries). Migration is the movement ofpeople across regions It can be and territories. internal (withinacountry)orinternational(betweenthecountries). Migration is the movement ofpeople across regions It can be and territories. Death rate refers tothenumberofdeathsperthousandpeopleinayear. rateBirth refersto thenumber of live birthsperthousand people in a year. The three make thechangesinpopulation. Population one periodtoanotherperiod. Population change refersto an increaseor decrease of population of an area from www.kalvikural.com theclassifications ofroads? HumanDevelopment Indicators(asper UNDP)? growth is influenced by 176 the birth rate, death rate and migration. UNIT -V These 19. 18. 17. 16. UNIT -V It is also called asExternaltradeIt isalsocalled orforeign trade. trade. ItisalsocalledasDomestictrade orLocaltrade. ii) i) in general, isoftwotypes. Theyare- Trade is an act orprocess of buying, or exchangingselling of goods and Tradeservices.           expressways are- These    For thepurposeofconstructionandmaintenance,roads are classifiedinto– What istrade? Mention thetypesofTrade. Write about Pavan-Hans HelicopterLtd. Write anote onMetro RailwaysinIndia. What are Expressways?

The tradetwo ormore carried on between International is called countries Trade. The trade of carried a on country is within the domestic territory termed as Internal International trade Internal trade and Durgapur-Kolkata road and Mumbai-Pune Road, RoadsBorder and District roads, National Highways, Lakshadweep Island etc., east India Inter Island, Ferryin services Andaman & Nicobar Islands, to services It oftenprovidesto various services governmentsstate in India particularly north petroleum sector, includingONGCandoil India Ltd. Pavan-Hans Ltd has beenproviding Helicopter to the supportservices Helicopter Pavan-Hans isaMiniRatna–I categorypublicsectorundertaking. Juhu Aerodrome inVile Parle (West) Mumbai. companyIt is a publicsector basedin Delhi. operationsNew Its are basedatthe stations. 2018, IndiaAs of September has 507 km ofoperational metro lines and 381 System (MRTS). The Kochi (Kerala). (Karnataka), Gurgaon (Haryana), Mumbai (Maharashtra), Jaipur (Rajasthan) and They are Kolkata (West Chennai (TamilBengal), Nadu), Delhi, Bengaluru There are metro with 8cities rail connectivity inIndia. are metro multi-line in Kolkata good www.kalvikural.com quality is the first highways      one 177

in Yamuna expresswayDelhi and between Agra. Kolkata-Dumdum Airportroad International Highways. Rural roads, State Highways, for India. high It speed is also traffic. called Some as Mass of G the Rapid anga important Transit

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 4. 3. 2. 1. G IV anga Roadways andRailways. Print Media andElectronic Media. Personal communication andmasscommunication. Density of populationandGrowthofpopulation. S.No S.No S.No S.No Distinguish between Distinguish 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 Bulk goodscannotbesenteasily.Bulk maintenance are cheaper. Laying theroads andits corner ofthecountry. Indian roadways touchnookand to thepublic. In thissystem,newsspreads slowly mobile phone,internet,etc. It includespostalservice,telephone, communication. the individualsiscalled personal The exchange ofinformation between India isBihar. The mostdenselypopulatedstateof areaper unit persq.km. usually It isexpressed asnumberofpersons distribution ofpopulation understanding thevariation in It isabetter measure of Live discussionisnotpossible information provided. One shouldbeliterate toread the through printedpublications. It delivers newsand information www.kalvikural.com Personal communication Density ofpopulation Print media Roadways 178 place toanother. goodscanbesenteasily fromBulk one maintenance are costlier. Laying therailway tracks andits industrial centres. and It connectsimportanttowns,cities Live discussionispossible watch andhearinformation provided. Literacy isnotnecessary. Anyone can through electronic gadgets. It delivers newsand information people. The newsspread quicklyamongthe newspapers, etc. It includesradio, television, as masscommunication the peopleatasametimeisknown The spread ofinformation among state inthecountry. Uttar Pradesh isthemostpopulous It isexpressed inpercentage. plus migration ofpeopleperyear between birthrate anddeathrate Population growth isthedifference Mass communication Growth ofpopulation Electronic media Railways UNIT -V 8. National 7. 6. 5. UNIT -V Exports andImports: Internal trade andInternational trade. Waterways andAirways. S.No S.No S.No S.No 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 the countryhasfavourable trade. If thevalue ofexportismore, then goods. It occurs whenthere issurplusof for foreign country. It meansgoodsandservicessold expensive one. Construction andmaintenanceare Department. by theCentral Public Works These roads are maintained Nationalcapital with capitals National Highways linktheState nation’s currency. This trade ismostlybasedonthe or Localtrade. It isalsoknownasDomestictrade ofacountry.territory thedomestic It iscarriedwithin Airways theatmosphere pollute freights andmail. tocarrypassengers, It issuitable means oftransport. Waterways are thecheapest Highwaysand StateHighways National Highways Internal trade Waterways www.kalvikural.com Exports ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS 179 This isknownasForeign trade or more countries. It isatrade carried onbetweentwoor friendly more oftransport. It isfuel efficientandenvironment goods atlowcost. tocarryheavyIt issuitable andbulky mode oftransport. Airways are andfastest thecostliest an expensive one. Construction andmaintenanceare not Department. maintained by theStatePublicworks These roads are constructedand differentwith districtheadquarters State Highways linktheStatecapitals currency. This trade iscarriedontheforeign External trade. the Countryhasunfavourable trade. If thevalue ofimportis more, then the production. It happenswhenthere in isadeficit brought from overseas countries. It refers togoodsandservices International trade State Highways Airways Imports G anga

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 1. 10. 9. G V anga      Impact ofurbanization: andtheproportiontowns andcities ofpopulationengagedinnonagricultural sectors. The level of urbanization based on of a place is the sizeassessed ofpopulation of the What isurbanization? Explainitsimpacts. District roads andVillage roads: Akashvani andDoordarshan. S.No S.No The processof society’s transformation from rural to urban is known as urbanization. 3 2 1 3 2 1 Answer following the inaParagraph including India. development. Urbanization is increasing rapidly in the developing countries A rapid rateof urbanization in a society istakeneconomic asan indicator of its to eachother. Urbanization and population concentration go hand–in–hand and are closelyrelated vi) Itincreases traffic congestion incities. v) iv) iii) ii) i) The following are themajorproblems ofurbanizationinIndia. 2030, moreBy than50%ofIndia’s populationisexpectedtolive inurbanareas. Rural tourbanmigration leadstopopulationexplosioninurbanareas. It creates water scarcity incities. It leadstotheformation ofslums. It leadstoshortageofhouses inurbanareas. It makes overcrowding in urbancentres. It creates urbansprawl. these roads. Heavy vehicles canbeoperated on Corporations andMunicipalities. These roads are maintainedby the districtheadquarters. towns with These roads and connectcities cheaper. The costoftheinstrument(radio) is events. wecannotvisualize. But, We canheartheprogrammes and Akashvani. IndiaAll Radio as iscalled www.kalvikural.com District roads Akashvani 180 is costlier. The costoftheinstrument(television) programmes andevents. We canseelive telecastofthe Doordarshan.called Television transmission inIndia is These roads are looked afterby the towns. These roads with connectvillages often ontheseroads. Heavy vehicles cannotbeoperated Panchayats. Doordarshan Village roads UNIT -V 3. 2. UNIT -V include relief, climate, water, natural vegetation, minerals and energy resources. factorssuch asphysical, socio-economic and historical ones. Thephysical factors country. and urbanization are themajorfactorswhich affect the distribution of population in our uninhabited. Terrain, soil, climate, water bodies, mineral resources, industries, transport areas and some remotearecorners very thinly populated and some areas are even concentration ofpopulation. regions for agriculture, centres ofemployment opportunity plays a major role in the the regions of industrial centres and the good agricultural lands. Availability of fertile the vast variation in the availability ofresources.Population is mostly concentrated in the earth’s surface. Thedistribution of population in India uneven is quite becauseof           Socio-economic factorsSocio-economic consists ofthereligion, culture, issues, economy, political Bring outthedistribution anddensityofpopulationinIndia. Explain theimportances ofsatellitecommunication inIndia. The term ‘Population Distribution’ refers to the way the people are spaced over The uneven distribution of population in the country is the result of several On the other hand, the areas such as high mountains, arid lands, thickly forested GSAT–7A istherecent launch(December19,2018)for communicationprograms. INSAT series. INSAT-1B usedforcommunication satellite communicationpurpose. The INSAT GSATseries, series, KALPANA-1, HAMSAT, EDUSAT are themajor It isalsouseful inweatherdetection,internetandmilitary applications. mobile phone. The INSAT series are used for relaying signals to television, telephone, radio, meteorological observation andfor various otherprograms. The INSAT, in established 1983, is for a system multipurpose telecommunication, System (INSAT) andtheIndian Remote System Satellite Sensing (IRS). in system IndiaSatellite can be grouped into Indiantwo-the National Satellite in 1969. ofIndianthe establishment our countryafter Space Research Organization (ISRO) The communication emergedthrough asanewera satellites in communication in surveillance ofborder areas etc. images areSatellite usedforforecasting, weather of natural monitoring calamities, made thiscommunicationsystemvery for vital thecountry. in gettingThe use of Satellite a continuous and synoptic view of larger area has ix) viii) vii) It increases therate ofcrime. It posestheproblem of wastesolid management. It creates drainage problem. launched www.kalvikural.com on 30th August 181 1983 is the first communication G satellite anga in

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 5. 4. G anga  population live onlyinthetwostatesofU.P andMaharashtra. accountstates for about half ofthecountry’s population. More than one fourth ofthe (, opportunity etc human settlements, transport network,industrialization, urbanization, employment National Highways:    For andmaintenance,roads thepurpose ofconstruction are classifiedinto– and longdistances.Itishighlysuitable for shortdistanceservices.  Measuring ofHumandevelopment:   Human DevelopmentIndicators:    among theUnionterritories. Classify and explaintheroadways inIndia. Explain theprocessofmeasuringHumanDevelopment.

Bihar Roads play an important role in carrying goods and forpassengers short,medium Uttar Pradesh is the mostpopulous in state the countryfollowed by Maharashtra Sikkim is theleastpopulousofIndia. state 16.75Delhi with population million tops RoadsBorder and District roads, National Highways, iii) ii) i) dimensions ofhumandevelopment. Theyare – Human Development Indexindex focusing (HDI)isacomposite on threebasic development indicators. Perceptions and of fundamental ofwell-being status rights treaties are thehuman mobilitycapital are supplementaryindicators. and of resources,composition work and employment, human security, human and Population trends, outcomes, education health achievements, national income capitals ofstates,majorports,railcapitals junctions, industrialandtouristcentres. National Highways are running through length and breadth ofthecountryconnecting It isanapproach thatisfocused onpeopleandtheiropportunities andchoices. economic, socialandpolitical freedom. It covers thefull range of human choices from a sound physical environment to for education,healthcare, incomeandempowerment. It is a processof enlarging the range of people’s choice, increasing their opportunities years for ofschooling theadult population. Income -Measured by gross nationalincomeand percapita income. yearsEducation -Expected of schooling for schoolagechildren and average -LifeHealth atbirth expectancy (103.8 www.kalvikural.com million) West Bengal    182

and International Highways Rural roads, State Highways, the combined Andhra Pradesh. UNIT -V These five

UNIT -V    International Highways:   Expressways:    Border Roads:    Rural Roads(VillageRoads):   District Roads:    State Highways:  Road density isthehighestinKerala andlowestinJammu&Kashmir. countries suchasPakistan, andMyanmar. Bangladesh Nepal,Bhutan, These roads connect important highways ofIndia those oftheneighbouring with an aidfrom World Bank. harmonious relationship them. These highwayswith have with beenconstructed These are the roads that link India neighbouringwith countries for promoting (iv) (iii) (ii) (i) oftheimportantexpresswaysSome are- These are goodquality multi-lane highways for highspeedtraffic. Delhi-Kolkata-Chennai-Mumbai-Delhicities- in1999. Golden Quadrilateral is aprojectlaunched India’s to connect four metropolitan northern andnorth-easternborder areas. It was for established thedevelopment oftheroads ofstrategic importancein the and maintainedby Roads Border Organization. These are theroads of strategic importancein border areas. They are constructed They are maintainedby Panchayats. Village It linksthedifferent theirneighbouringtowns. with villages Rural roads connectivity isakey componentofrural development. the states. RoadsDistrict areand constructed maintained by the Public Worksof Department thestatehighwayswith andnationalhighways. RoadsDistrict provide connectivitythe districtand between taluk headquarters These roads are administered andfinancedby stategovernments. nationalhighwaysThey connectthemwith orhighways ofneighbouringstates. thestate. headquarters within highways The state are roads usually townsand thatlink district important cities, development andmaintenanceofNationalHighways. Ministry of Road and transport and Highways ofIndia is responsible for the Yamuna expressway betweenDelhiandAgra. Durgapur-Kolkata road and Kolkata-Dumdum Airport road Mumbai-Pune Road, www.kalvikural.com 183 G anga

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY 7. 6. G anga  ideas. There are twotypes incommunication system.Theyare-   policies andprogramme. Theimportantmeansofmasscommunicationsare – time. It helps in creating awareness among the people regarding various national is aform for sendingdocumentsusinginternetwith thehelpofafax machines. Fax: anytime, atanywhere. Itisahandyoneandcanbetaken anywhere. Mobile Phone: instant communication. Telephone: distant places. Telegram: post service,Express parcel postandSpeedservices. Electronicservice, Money Order instant Money order service, and e-post e-Bill service, of thecountryand also to foreign countries. Theyalsoprovide Valuable Payable post Indian Postalservice: The meansormodesofpersonalcommunicationare  Explain themeansof Mass communicationinIndia. Explain themeansof personal communication in India.

Communication is aprocess thatinvolves exchange ofinformation, thought and Mass communication enables millions Massof peopletogettheinformation communication enables millions at thesame It isan electronic device thatenablesinstanttransmission of nay matter. Internetfax It is very popular in today’s world. It provides an access totheuserand receiver at It is form oforal communication. It is the mostpreferred form provides becauseit It is a form of written communication by which messages can be sent quickly to It enables people to send letters,envelops, parcels and mails to nook and corner Personal communication refers toexchange of information between twopersons. Newspapers Radio v) Fax. iv) Mobile phonesand iii) telephones ii) telegrams, i) Indian postalservice, Mass communication. Personal communicationand www.kalvikural.com ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS  

Internet Television 184 UNIT -V VI UNIT -V 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. the World WideWeb (www)andinternetphone. messages and information in a variety of form. The basicof internet areservices e-mail, and individuals. It enables computer usersthroughout the world to send and receive Internet: views andopinions. democratic country like India, they were asa very effective toolfor knowing public provides information about national and international eventsto thepeoplein a Newspapers: education, sportsandhealthhazards for peopleofdifferent agegroups andregions. various ofpeople. categories It broadcasts a variety ofprograms from entertainment, in the world. It offers three tierprogram services, national, regional and local, for Television: on health,environment production, family planning, scienceandtechnology. as Akashvani. tobecalled came it Itserves asan effective medium people to educate Radio: On the outlinemapofIndia,mark Onthe following the Railways zones ofIndia. State ofhighest literacy in India Densely populated stateofIndia. Major International Airports inIndia. Major seaportsinIndia. National Highway NH-7 It is a vastmany networkofcomputers. It connects of theworld’s business institutions areNewspapers a common most but powerful means ofcommunication which Television in India is known as Doordarshan isoneofthelargestand it networks Radio broadcast in India was in started 1927. It was named as IndiaAll Radio. Later, www.kalvikural.com 185 G anga

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY G anga Kandla www.kalvikural.com Co Mumbai chin Marmagoa Hy dr abad Kan yakumari Jaipur Bangalor Delhi Madur Allahabad T Secunder utic ai e orin Nagpur Chennai abad 186 V ishakapatnam Va r anasi Pa r Densely Po State ofhighestlitera Interna Major Sea National High adwip Ranchi tional Airpor Po pulated state(Bihar) rt way K inIndi olkatta 7 t inIndi cy a (K er a ala) Guwaha UNIT -V ti UNIT -V Mumbai Hubballi www.kalvikural.com Jaipur Delhi Secunder XG Chennai Jabalpur Go DFD abad 187 Allahabad ra kpur Bilaspur GW Hazipur Ranchi Bhubanesh K wa olkatta r Guwaha G ti anga

Xth Std Social Science GEOGRAPHY Xth Std Social Science CIVICS 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. G

I

CIVICS anga One of the following is not an instance of an exercise of a fundamental right? One ofthe followingisnot aninstanceofexerciseafundamentalright? c) b) a) c) Ans: a) c) a) d) c) b) a) a) d) c) b) a) Find theoddoneout. A foreignercanacquireIndiancitizenshipthrough ConstitutionThe Indian givestoitscitizens______. How many timeshas the PreambletoConstitution ofIndiaamended? thefollowingWhich of sequencesinrightregarding thePreamble? Choose the Correct Choosethe Answer Men andWomen government employees gotthesamesalary. Christian missionssetup a chainofmissionaryschools Workers from Karnataka gotoKerala toworkonthefarms Right toProperty Right toEquality Naturalisation Descent None oftheabove Single Citizenship insomeStatesanddoubleothers Single Citizenship Double Citizenship Once Sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic, republic. Sovereign, republic, secular, socialist,democratic Sovereign, socialist, secular, republic, democratic Republic, democratic, secular, socialist,sovereign UNIT 1 www.kalvikural.com b) Twice

Ans: BOOK EXERCISEBOOK INDIAN CONTRITUTION d) Sovereign,socialist, secular, democratic,republic c) d) b) d) b) Thrice Cultural andEducationalRights Right againstExploitation oftheaboveAll Registration 188 Ans: d) c) Righttoproperty Never Ans:

b)SingleCitizenship c) Naturalisation Ans: a) Once UNIT -I 13. Underwhich Articlefinancial emergency canbe 12. TheDirectivePrinciples canbeclassifiedinto______. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. UNIT -I a) c) a) d) Ans: c) b) a) c) Ans: a) d) c) b) a) c) RighttoConstitutional remedies Ans: a) heart andsouloftheConstitution? c) Ans: a) have anaccessto______. d) c) The procedure for the amendment of the Indian Constitution is given in ______. We borrowed theFundamental Dutiesfromthe ______. How cantheFundamental Rightsbesuspended? the following rights Which oneof was describedby Dr.B.R. Ambedkar as the If the fundamental rights of Indiancitizen are violated, they possess the right to Article 352 Article 360 Article 352 GandhianandLiberalSocialist, principles Liberal, GandhianandCommunistprinciples andCommunistprinciples Socialist Liberal andCommunistprinciples Russian Constitution American Constitution oftheaboveAll If thePresident orders duringthenationalemergency it If thePrimeMinisterorders tothiseffect If theSupreme Courtsodesires Right tofreedom ofreligion The President ofIndia The Parliament Parents property isinheritedby theirchildren Article 360 Ans: c) IfthePresidentorders it duringthe nationalemergency www.kalvikural.com Ans: d) Socialist,Gandhian andLiberalprinciples d) Parentsproperty is inheritedbytheirchildren. b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) Article 356 Article 368 Article 356 Irish Constitution Canadian Constitution d) b) The Supreme courtofIndia The Attorney General Article 368 189 Right toproperty Right toequality c) RighttoConstitutionalremedies courtofIndia d) TheSupreme proclaimed? c) RussianConstitution Ans: Ans: d) Article368 c) Article360 G anga

Xth Std Social Science CIVICS Xth Std Social Science CIVICS 22. 21. 20. 19. 18.  17. 16. 15. 14. G

anga 3. 1. the Centre-StateRelations? c) a) c) a) years ofage. c) 26 a) c) a) c) a) Chairmanship of______c) a) a) c) a) a) The term ______refersto the introduction orprefaceto the Constitution. Universal Adult Franchise means the right to vote to all citizens above ______The draftedconstitution cameintoforceon______. ______isrecognised asthe‘FatherofConstitution ofIndia’. Constitution Indian was preparedbytheDraftingCommittee under the Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the ______of the Constituent Assembly. AssemblyThe Constituent consistedof______members. The ______isthe fundamentallawofacountry. Select the correctanswer fromthecodesgiven below - Which M.N.Venkatachaliah Commission Sarkaria Commission Content Preamble 16 years 21 years 15 Vallababai Patel Gandhiji Dr. Rajendra Prasad Dr. Ambedkar President Prime Minister 100 Prime Minister Supreme Court 1, 2&3 th th Aug. 1947 Jan.1950 of www.kalvikural.com the following b) b) 389 1 &2 ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS committees/ c) c) b) 2 d) 2. d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) 256 1 &3 1 Rajamannar Committee Amendment Conclusion 2o 18 years Dr. Ambedkar Kamaraj Dr. Munshi Rajaji Member Chairman Constitution President 190 nd commissions st Oct.1948 May 1950 d) d) made 175 2 &3 Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: recommendations a) Preamble b)18years c) 26 d) Dr.Ambedkar a) Dr.Ambedkar c) President d) Constitution Ans: Ans: th Jan.1950 b) 389 UNIT -I b) 1&2

about 34. 33. 32. 31. 30. 29. 28. 27. 26. 25. 24. 23. UNIT -I c) a) of former a) Constitution. c) a) c) a) a) a) Carta ofIndia. a) c) 26 a) a) a) a) Revolution. c) a) The Fundamental The Fundamental Duties in the Indian constitution are inspired by the Constitution The Directive Principles of State Policy are enumerated in ______of the ______safeguards peoplefromillegalarrests. ______iscalledthe ‘GuardianoftheConstitution’. Right to elementary education comesunderthe Rightto______. Part ______Constitution the Indianisrightlyof describedas the Magna At present, there are only______Fundamental Rights granted toIndians. All persons borninIndiaonorafter______aretreatedascitizensbybirth. The word‘Citizen’isderivedfromthe______term. French Revolutiontook placeintheyear______. Liberty, Equality and Fraternity were the important the ______slogans during ______hasbeen described asthe‘Keyto Constitution’. Russia U.S.A Part III Certiorari Mandamus Court High President Freedom IV 5 15 Sanskrit 1857 Russian Content Preamble th th Jan.1950 Aug. 1947

______b) b) b) b) b) b) b) Part IV Equality III 8 French 1911 American www.kalvikural.com . c) c) c) c) c) c) c) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) Conclusion Part V Religion V 6 Latin 1789 Chinese 1 2 Kingdom United Germany Habeas Corpus Prohibition Parliament Supreme Court Amendment 191 st nd May 1950 Oct.1948 d) d) d) d) d) d) d) Part VI Property VI 9 Roman 1453 French Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: b)SupremeCourt a) Preamble d) HabeasCorpus c) 26thJan.1950 Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: c)Latin c) 1789 d) French b)III c) 6 c) Russia b) PartIV a) Freedom G anga

Xth Std Social Science CIVICS Xth Std Social Science CIVICS 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. firstoriginatedin______. Theconceptofconstitution 1. 40. 39. 38. Forthefirst timeinIndia, thePresident’sRule 37. InIndia,______36. Thefirst 35. G II

anga a) a) Ans: Ans: 1946. Ans: ofIndiaThe Constitution was adoptedon______. a) a) c) a) c) a) The day ofIndia whenthe Constitution came into force isknownas______. ______isknownas the‘Father ofIndia’. oftheConstitution Our wasConstitution framed by a Assembly Constitution setup under the ______, usthe fundamental tells A constitution nature of our ______. Fundamental duties have been given to the citizen of India under Article ______. are______writs mentionedinArticle32. ______was asthetemporary elected President Assembly. oftheConstituent ______emergency hasnotbeen declaredin Indiasofar. 42 amendmentThe Constitution canbebroughtabout onlybythe______. Fill in the blanks inthe Fill nd Ans: 18 1857 Judicial Special President Chief Justice Punjab Kerala amendment of theConstitution is knownasthe______Constitution. languagecommitteeinIndiawasappointed in______. www.kalvikural.com b) b) b) b) 19 1955 Religious Macro languages arerecognized ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS c) c) c) c) d) b) d) b) 21 1960 Military Mini Supreme CourtJudge Parliament Jammu &Kashmir Tamil Nadu 192

Ans: asofficiallanguages. was imposedin______. d) d) d) d)

22 1953 Financial Major Republic Day Dr. Ambedkar Cabinet MissionPlan Dr. SachchidanandaSinha Ans: Ans:

Five 51A 26th Nov.1949 Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: b)Parliament

c) Mini c) Punjab d) 22 b) 1955 d) Financial U.S.A Ans: UNIT -I Society 25. 24. 23. 22. 21.  20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. TheCitizenship Actof1955prescribes ______ways oflosingcitizenship. 13. TheCitizenship Actof1955prescribes ______ways ofacquiringcitizenship. 12. 11. 10. UNIT -I

Constitution. Ans: from Article Ans: suspended. ______Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: ______And: And: Ans: Ans: Ans: on fundamental duties. In 1976, the Congress party set up the Dr. the DirectiveAmbedkar described Policy Principles of State as The Directive Principles Policyof State are enumerated in Part IV of theConstitution When the President makes a According toDr.Ambedkar, Right toproperty was deleted from thelistofFundamental Rightsby the______In England, Magna Carta-the Charter of Rights was issued by King John in ‘Magrna Carta’ istheCharter ofRightsissuedby the Part isrightlydescribedasthe IIIoftheConstitution The Fundamental Rights are enshrined in Part from IIIof theConstitution Article The new words secularandintegrity Socialist, are addedby the42nd______. isthe thewrittenOur constitution ______ofall oftheworld. constitutions NarainPrem Behari Raizada was the______of theIndian Constitution. . writ ______prevents www.kalvikural.com . Ans: usurpation ______(occupying) ______isthe‘HeartandSoulofConstitution’. 193 Constitutional AmendmentActof1976 , the freedoms guaranteed under Article 19 are of Committee to make recommendations Ans: public ______Proclamation ofEmergency 44th AmendmentAct,1978. Ans: office 12to35 Quo Warranto 1215 A.D Sardar SwaranSingh Novel features. 36 to51. Five Lengthiest Calligrapher Article 32 King John Magna Carta. Three ofEngland. through ofIndia. ______illegal G anga manner. ofthe

Xth Std Social Science CIVICS Xth Std Social Science CIVICS 33. 32. 31. 30. 29. 28. 27. 26. 2. Part IV 1. Part III 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 34. G III anga 2004. enquiry intotheCentre-state relations. the States. to amendtheConstitutionandits procedure. of the Ans: President. Ans: Ans: Ans: National Emergency has beendeclared canbeThe Constitution amendedin Article When the State Emergency declared, is the state governed by the The President underthe The Government ofIndia created as of languages a newcategory called Indira Gandhi, the PrimeMinister of India appointed of IndiaThe Constitution is Prohibition Key toConstitution Father oftheConstitution Guardian oftheConstitution Magna Carta National Emergency Classical language The mini Constitution The Preamble Citizenship Act The Match the Following Match the first ______written www.kalvikural.com documents of the Constitution in oftheConstitution Partof theParliament thepowers XX deals with ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS ______relating 1–c),2a),3 b),4–e),5d) ------1 –e),2d),3 b),4–a),5c) b) a) e) d) c) b) a) e) d) c) b) a) to candeclare NationalEmergency. ______the Fundamental duties Directive PrinciplesofStatepolicy King Johnof England Supreme Court Writ Dr. Ambedkar Preamble Tamil 1962 1955 42nd Amendment Jawaharal Nehru which the Centredividespowers between all and 194 ______Fundamental ways. Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: timesinIndia. Rights ______Governor Article 352 Classical Languages Sarkaria Commission Federal instructure 368 Magna CartaofKingJohn of Citizens in 1983 to make an ______was Ans: Ans: ______UNIT -I on behalf Three Three

in 3. 2. 1. 5. Fundamentalduties 4. AmendmentoftheConstitution 3. FinancialEmergency 2. StateEmergency 1. NationalEmergency 5. Part XII 4. Part IVA 3. Part XVII IV UNIT -I      35. Theyare- The Fundamental Rights are enshrined in Part fromIII oftheConstitution Article12to    What ismeant bycitizenship?     What isa Constitution? Ans: Ans:  How many typesoffundamentalrightsarelisted bytheIndianConstitution? Give Answer Short Cultural andEducationRights Right toReligion Right againstExploitation Right toFreedom Right toEquality Articles 5 to 11 under Part of India IIoftheConstitution Indiandeals with citizenship. of India. of IndiaThe Constitution provides for a single and uniform citizenship for thewhole State. The word ‘Citizen’ isderived from theLatin ‘Civis’.term Itmeansresident ofaCity our society. It is the vehicle of a Nation’s progress. us the fundamentalIt also tells nature of wasThe conceptofconstitution firstoriginatedinU.S.A. that weascitizens, desire tolive in A puts constitution down certain principles that form the basis of any kind of a state principles onwhichthegovernment ofthatcountryisbased. The Right toConstitutionalRemedies Constitution www.kalvikural.com is the fundamental - - - - - languages e) Official - - - 1 –e),2d),3 c),4–b),5a) 1 –d),12a),3 – e),4b),5c) e) d) c) b) a) d) c) Article 352 Article 356 Article 360 Article 368 Article 51A Fundamental Rights Right toproperty 195 law of a country which reflects the G fundamental anga

Xth Std Social Science CIVICS Xth Std Social Science CIVICS 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. G anga                How many members were thereintheConstituent Assembly? List outthe threeheads oftherelationsbetween theCentreandStates. What isnational emergency? What are theclassical languagesinIndia? What isa Writ? (93), theChiefCommissioner’s Province (1). (3)andBaluchistan representingThe Assemblyconsisted of 389 members Provinces (292), States It was setupundertheCabinetMissionPlan,1946. ofIndiaThe Constitution was framed by aConstituentAssembly. iii) ii) i) The Centre-state relations canbeseenunderthree heads.Theyare- powersbetweentheCentreIt dividesall andtheStates. ofIndiaThe Constitution isfederal instructure. and 1975 National emergency has been declared in India three times so far in 1962, 1971 known asInternal emergency. On the otherhand, is when declaredit on the ground of armedrebellion, is it isknown asExternalemergency.it When the National emergency declared on the ground of war orexternalaggression, India’s security isthreatened duetowar, externalaggression orarmedrebellion. The iv) i) Six languagesare granted theclassicallanguagestatussofar. Theyare as“classicallanguages”.called In 2004, the Government of India decided to create new category of languages iv) i) are- the SupremeBoth Court and the High Courts are empowered They to issue writs. specified intheorders oftheCourt. It is the nature of a command or prohibition from performing certain actsthat are Writ isanorder orcommandissuedby thecourtinwritingunderits seal. Financial relations Administrative relations Legislative relations Kannada (2008), Tamil (2004), Certiorari Habeas Corpus www.kalvikural.com President under ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS Article v) ii) v) ii) Malayalam (2013) (2005), Sanskrit Quo Warranto Mandamus 352 can 196 declare emergency vi) iii) iii) Odia (2014) Telugu (2008) Prohibition if he/she is satisfied UNIT -I that 1. 11. 10. DefinethetermPreamble. 9. V UNIT -I          ofIndiaConstitution are- principles on which the government of that country is based. The Salient features of the The iii) ii) i) canbeamendedinthreeThe Constitution ways. Theyare-           Explain thesalientfeatures oftheConstitution ofIndia. Mention the typesof amendments? What are thethreeways oflosingIndiancitizenship? Answer inDetail state legislatures. Amendment Amendment by specialmajority oftheParliament Amendment by simplemajority oftheParliament Constitution It provides singlecitizenship. above 18years any ofagewithout discrimination. It introduces Universal AdultFranchise and accords theright to vote citizens toall It provides anindependent judiciary. It makes India asasecularstate. It establishes the parliamentary system not only at the Centre but also in the states. afederalIt establishes systemofgovernment. It ispartlyrigidandflexible. It hasborrowed provisions mostofits from ofvarious theconstitutions countries. thewrittenIt isthelengthiestofall oftheworld. constitutions citizenship was acquired The apersonacquiresIt canbeterminatedif thecitizenship ofsomeothercountry. It canbevoluntarily renounced by acitizen. The Citizenship Actof1935prescribes three ways oflosingcitizenship. Theyare- drafted by Jawaharlal Nehru. The Preamble oftheIndian is basedon the ‘ObjectiveConstitution Resolution’ It hasgreat value andhasbeendescribedasthe‘Key totheConstitution’. It containsthesummaryoressenceofConstitution. It consistsoftheideals,objectives andbasicprinciplesoftheConstitution. The term‘Preamble’ refers totheintroduction orpreface oftheConstitution. It makes specialprovisions for Tribes,Scheduled Castes, Scheduled minorities, etc. Central by is Government special the www.kalvikural.com fundamental majority can deprive of law the 197 of Parliament a a naturalised country and which citizen, the reflects ratification if it satisfied the G of fundamental half anga that of the the

Xth Std Social Science CIVICS Xth Std Social Science CIVICS . Writebriefly ontheRight toConstitutionalRemedies. 3. 2. G anga  I. rightly describedastheMagnaCartaofIndia. 35. At present, there are only six fundamental Rights. Part is IIIoftheconstitution The Fundamental rights are enshrined in Part IIIofthe fromConstitution Article 12 to the ‘heartandsoulof Constitution. Thefive are writs – 32 deals the Right to Constitutional Remedies. According to Dr.Ambedkar, Article 32 is Supreme Writ the isan orderseal. Both or command issued by under its in acourt writing  VI. Righttoconstitutionalremedies   V.     IV.   III.      II.     Point outtheFundamental Rights. Art. 32 30 Art. Art. 29 Article 28 Article 27 Article 26 25 Article Prohibition of Article 24 - Article 23 Article 22 Article 21A Article 21 Article 20 Article 19 Article 18 Article 17 Article 16 15 Article Article 14 Right to equality: Cultural & Educational rights Right to religion: Right againstExploitation: Right to equality: www.kalvikural.com Court

and ------ - - - - -

Right toestablish ofminorities andadminister educational institutions. of religion. movement, residence andprofession. or placeofbirth. fundamental rights. It allows individuals It allows to seekredressal for the violation of their Protection language,scriptandculture of ofminorities. Freedom from attending religious instruction orworshipincertain Freedom from payment oftaxes for promotion ofany religion. Freedom tomanage religious affairs. Freedom ofconscienceand free profession, practiceand propagation Prohibition of employment ofchildren in factories, etc. Protection againstarrest anddetentionin certaincases. Right toelementary education. Protection life of andpersonalliberty. Protection in respect ofconviction for offences. Freedom ofspeechand expression, assembly, association, except of titles Abolition andacademic. military ofUntouchability.Abolition Equality ofopportunity inmatters ofpublicemployment. Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race,sex caste, Equality before law. the High Courts traffic inhumanbeingsand are 198 empowered to issue five forced labour. kinds of Writs. UNIT -I Article 5. 4. UNIT -I      descent, registration, naturalisation andincorporation ofterritory: The State policy. What are waysofacquiring citizenshipinIndia? Mention thedifferencebetween Fundamental Rights andDirective Principles of S.No 6. 5. 3. 2. 1. 4. Citizenship territory who shall becitizen whoshall ofIndia.territory of India,to theterritory the Government of India specifyshall the personsof that By Incorporation of Territory naturalization totheGovernment ofIndia. By appropriate authority. By Registration citizen ofIndia by his fatherif descent, is a citizen ofIndia at thetimeofhis birth. By Descent citizens by birth. v) iv) Certiorari iii) Prohibition ii) Mandamus i) By Birth These are natural rights. democracy in thecountry. These rights strengthen political These have legalsanctions These are enforceable by a court of law. away orabridgetheserights Even the Government cannot take the USA. It was derived from of the Constitution Naturalisation Quo Warranto Habeas Corpus : All persons bornin : IndiaAll Januaryon 26, or after 1950 are treatedas FundamentalRights Act : A person born outside India on January or after 26, be a 1950 shall of www.kalvikural.com : A person canacquire citizenship of India by registration with ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS : A foreigners can acquire Indian citizenship, on application for 1955 : : : : :

overstepping jurisdiction. its jurisdiction. work doneby respective public authorities. It It quashes an order issued by a subordinate court by It prohibitsa subordinate from court actingbeyond its It protects who requiresthe petitioner legal help to gethis Safeguards peoplefrom arrests. illegal prescribes prevents : In the event being added ofa territory certain 199 usurpation five ways Constitution ofIreland.Constitution It was drawn on the modelof These leadtoprotect humanrights. democracy principles ensures social and economic The implementation of these These have moral and political sanctions These are not enforceable in any court Government. These are mere instructions to the Directive PrinciplesofStatepolicy of of public acquiring office through citizenship, illegal G anga viz,

manner. birth,

Xth Std Social Science CIVICS Xth Std Social Science CIVICS 7. 6. G anga   specifies acodeoftenfundamental dutiesofthecitizens. Article 51A declares to be the duty it of every citizen of India. This is the Article that  Financial emergency(Article360)     State Emergency(Article356)     National Emergency(Article352) are envisagedin the Constitution of emergencies conditions ofemergency.Threetypes with deal to extraordinary powers with vested The CentralGovernmenthasbeen       Write a paragraph on ‘Three types of emergencies’ envisaged in the Constitution. List theFundamental DutiesofIndiancitizens. that thefinancialstability ofIndia orofany partsisindanger. ofits Article For thefirsttime,President’s Rule was imposed inPunjab1951. governed by theGovernor onbehalf ofthePresident. such an legislatureannouncement After state is suspended is and the State the Stateslosemuchoftheirautonomy inlegislative andexecutive matters. Maximum duration of the emergency can be three years. In this kind of emergency, the provisions oftheConstitution. reports thattheadministration of a State cannot be carried on in accordance with Under Article 356, the President can declare an emergency theGovernorin if a state This type of emergency has been declared three times so far in 1962, 1971 and 1975. as internalemergency. On the other hand, is when declaredit on the ground of armed rebellion is known it isknown asexternalemergency.it When a national emergency is declared on the ground of war orexternalaggression security isthreatened duetowar, externalaggression orarmedrebellion. The To develop scientifictemper, humanismandthespirit ofinquiryandreform wildlife, andtohave compassionfor livingcreatures To protectand improve thenatural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and To value andpreserve culture ofourcomposite therichheritage renounce practices derogatory tothedignity ofwomen of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to To promote harmony ofcommon and brotherhoodthe spirit among the people all To defend thecountryandrender upontodoso nationalservicewhencalled To upholdandprotect thesovereignty, unity andintegrity ofIndia To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired the national struggle for freedom Flag andtheNationalAnthem. To abide byand respect theconstitution ideals andthe National its institutions, www.kalvikural.com President 360 authorises under Article the President 352 can 200 to declare declare emergency financial emergency if he is satisfied if he that UNIT -I is satisfied India’s : 1. \ 2. 1. VI VII UNIT -I class room. background. their socialbackground.   Prepare a chart containing the Rights and Duties of citizens and display it in your Collect the pictures of the Members of the Drafting Committee and their social Collect information about thevarious members the Constituent Assembly of and Project andActivity Life Skill This type ofemergency has notbeendeclared inIndia sofar. reduced by anorder ofthePresident. State or Union, including judges of the Supreme Court and High Court can be In this type ofemergency, salaries and allowances ofany classofpersonsserving www.kalvikural.com (Self Activity) XG (Self Activity) DFD 201 GW G anga

Xth Std Social Science CIVICS Xth Std Social Science CIVICS 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. G I

CIVICS anga a) c) a) Lok Sabha? d) c) b) a) presided overby c) a) c) Ans: c) a) c) a) What is minimum age laid down fora candidate to seek election to the Parliament sittings The Joint Indian of for transacting legislative business are of MinistersThe Council iscollectivelyresponsible tothe______. Who amongthefollowingdecideswhetheraBill isaMoneyBillornot? Who isthe realexecutive inaparliamentarytype ofgovernment? HeadThe Constitutional oftheUnionis______. Choose the Correct Choosethe Answer The President 25 years 18 years The ChairmanoftheRajya Sabha The President ofIndia Speaker oftheLokSabha mostmemberofParliamentSenior The PrimeMinister The President Parliamentary Affairs Minister The President Army The PrimeMinister The President UNIT 2 www.kalvikural.com CENTRAL GOVERNMENT BOOK EXERCISEBOOK Ans: b) d) b) d) b) d) d) b) d) b) Attorney General 30 years 21 years Rajya Sabha Lok Sabha Speaker ofLokSabha Judiciary The PrimeMinister Council ofMinisters The ChiefJustice 202 Ans: c)SpeakeroftheLokSabha. d)SpeakerofLokSabha Ans: Ans: Ans: b)LokSabha b)ThePrimeMinister a) ThePresident. c) 25years UNIT -II

14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. UNIT -II c) a) c) a) c) a) d) c) b) a) you takeonyourown? c) AdvisoryJurisdiction Jurisdiction a) Appellate c) a) ______. c) a) Emergency? c) a) ThePresident The The residence ofthePresidentIndiaisknown as______. The CentralGovernment isthe______government inourcountry. If you are elected as the President of India, which ofthe following decision can Dispute between States ofIndiacomestotheSupreme Courtunder______. The ChiefJustice and other Judges ofthe Supreme Court are appointed by Under which Article the President is vested with the power to proclaim Financial The authoritytoalter theboundariesofstatein Indiarestwith______. Governor Prime Minister Raj Nivas Raj Bhavan Supreme State Dismiss aPrimeMinisterwhohasmajority intheLokSabha thepersonyouSelect like asPrime Minister Ask for reconsideration passedby ofabill boththeHouses Nominate theleadersofyour choicetothecouncilofminister The Governor The President Article 356 Article 352 State Government President Ans: after b)Askfor reconsideration ofabillpassed byboththe Houses his www.kalvikural.com ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS election has d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) to Chief JusticeofIndia Vice-President Parliament Rashtrapati Bhavan Normal Provincial None ofthese Original Jurisdiction The PrimeMinister The Attorney General Article 365 Article 360 Parliament The PrimeMinister 203 take an oath Ans: of Ans: office Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: d) ChiefJusticeofIndia b) RashtrapatiBhavan b) Original Jurisdiction a)ThePresident d) Parliament b) Article360 c) Supreme before the G ______. anga

Xth Std Social Science CIVICS Xth Std Social Science CIVICS 24. 23. 22.  21. 20. 19. The______occupiesthesecondhighestoffice inthecountry. 18. 17. 16. 15. G anga permission ofthePresident. c) a) c) a) a) administration. c) a) Constitutional democracy. Financial d) c) Ex-Officio c) a) President. Chief b) Permanent a) c) a) President. c) a) c) a) Parliament. c) a) ______arethelowest rankedministerinthe Cabinet. The ______is the informal body ofsenior ministers who form the nucleus of Prime The postof Minister India has adopted the of ______model of the If posts of the President and Vice-President lie vacant, ______works as The Vice-Presidentis the______Chairmanof theRajyaSabha. The The President of India can be removed from the process of ______by the Annual Budget ofthe Central Government is presented by the ______with the The President summons Parliamentatleast______inayear. Thrice Once Deputy Ministers Cabinet Ministers Parliament Westminster (England) Australia Chief JusticeofIndia Prime Minister American British Prime Minister President Impeachment Termination Prime Minister Finance Minister Office www.kalvikural.com of Vice-President b) Lok Sabha is c) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) French d) b) d) b) d) b) modelled Rajya Sabha None oftheabove Twice Prime Minister Ministers ofState Canada Canada Governor Defence Minister AfricaSouth Vice-President Chief JusticeofIndia Agreement Suspension Speaker Vice-president 204 on Ans: Ans: the d) c)Westminster(England) Cabinet lines c) ChiefJusticeofIndia. Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: of a)FinanceMinister d)Vice-President c) Impeachment c) DeputyMinisters c) American the Ans: Ans: Ans: ______c)Ex-Officio b) Twice d) Cabinet UNIT -II Vice- 35. 34. ThejudgesoftheSupremeCourtareappointed bythe______. 33. Courtof TheSupreme India,NewDelhiwasinaugurated on______. 32. ______isthehighest lawofficerinthecountry. 31. 30. 29. 28. 27. 26. 25. UNIT -II

a) age of______. c) a) a) Justice. c) a) c) a) c) a) a) for therepresentatives. c) a) a) Union Territories. a) a) The At present, the Supreme Court consists of ______the Chief judges including The LokSabhaispresided overbythe______whoiselectedbyitsmembers. All Indian citizens above ______age whoare registered of as voters will vote The members ofLokSabhaaredirectlyelected bythe______. Among the members ofLok Sabha, ______members are elected from the The members ofRajya Sabhaareelectedforthe periodof______years. The membersofRajyaSabhashouldnot belessthan ______yearsofage. 58 years Vice-President Chief Justice 14 January 28,1950 January 26,1950 Chief JusticeofIndia Attorney General Prime Minister Vice President 21 years Ministers People 2 Four 25 Chief Justice b) b) b) b) b) b) and 60 years 28 25 years 13 Five 30 www.kalvikural.com other

judges c) c) c) c) c) c) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) 62 years 42 18 years 545 Six 35 of Prime Minister President October 2,1948 August 15,1947 Defence Minister President President Speaker President Prime Minister 205 the Supreme d) d) d) d) d) d) Court 65 years 50 15 years 10 Two 18 Ans: Ans: hold Januaray28,1950. a) AttorneyGeneral Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: the c)Six office a) People b) 13 b) 30 d) 65years b) President b) 28 b) Speaker c) 18years G anga up to the

Xth Std Social Science CIVICS Xth Std Social Science CIVICS 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. ThefirstPresident ofIndia was ______. 11. 10. 9. 8. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. G II anga Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: House. Ans: Ans: of ______years. the to theLokSabha. Parliament. ______Ans: The Vice-President canact asthePresident for amaximum periodof______. To becomeasVice-President, oneshouldhave completedtheageof______The President sendshis resignation letter tothe______. ______candeclare war againstacountryormake peace. ofIndiaThe Constitution places______Fundat thedisposalofPresident. ______The President iselectedfor atermof______years andcanbere-elected. ______isdesignated astheFirstCitizen ofIndia. Articles ______inPart VoftheIndian Constitution dealswiththeUnionExecutive. At present, theSupreme CourtConsists of______Judgesincludingthe ChiefJustice. ______istheGuardian oftheConstitution. The ______hastherighttospeakand to take partin the proceedingsof ofboth Houses The President generally nominates two membersbelonging to the______community ______istheleader ofthenationandchiefspokesperson ofthecountry. cannotbe introduced______intheParliament Bill President’s without approval. Fill in the blanks inthe Fill Chief www.kalvikural.com

Justice can is the Ex-officio Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha. ChairpersonoftheRajya istheEx-officio dissolve

and other ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS the

Lok judges Sabha of the 206 before Supreme the Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: expiry Court 65 MoneyBill SupremeCourt Anglo-Indian PrimeMinister 28 Attorney General of Ans: Dr. Ans: hold the Rajendra Prasad Contingency the Six months. 35 years. President Five President 52 to78 term(five Ans: Ans: Ans: office Vice-President Vice-President President up years) UNIT -II to the of age the i) 2. 1. 25. 24. 23. 22. 21. 20. 19. 18. III UNIT -II c) a) c) a) Ans: Ans: State Government. Ans: Ans: has togethimself electedtotheParliament ______. within Ans: iv) iii) ii) iv) iii) ii) i) The powerofthejudiciary todeclare alaw isknownas______. asunconstitutional In 1950, Our Supreme Courtconsistedof______judgesincludingChiefJustice. Our ______is autonomous of theLegislative and Executive wing of theUnion and ______isfollowed while electingthemembersof theLokSabha. The ______isthelegislative organ oftheUnion Government. The Prime Ministeract as thelinkbetweenPresident andthe______. A person whoisnotamemberoftheParliament can be appointed as a ministerbuthe The leader ofthemajority party inLokSabhawill be appointedas______. Choose the Correct Choosethe Statement i &ivare correct ii &ivare correct i &ivare correct ii &ivare correct The territory ofIndia. of theSupremeCourt. to theageof62years. (T) persons The law all The declaredcourts within on the bySupremeCourtisbinding The cases involvingfundamental rights come undertheAppellate jurisdiction Judiciary isthethird organofthegovernment. The membersof the RajyaSabhaaredirectly elected bythepeoples. The Members of the Rajya Sabha should notbe less than 30 years of age. (T) The 12nominatedmembers shall be chosenbythePresident from amongst Total membersof theRajyaSabhais250. (T) Chief experience Justice www.kalvikural.com and in other the

field d) b) d) b) judges i &ii are correct iii &ivare correct i, ii &iii are correct iii &ivare correct 207 of literature, of the Supreme science, UniversalAdultFranchise. Ans: Ans: Ans: Court Judiciary JudicialReview Eight Council ofMinisters Prime Minister a) ii&ivarecorrect d) i,ii&iiiarecorrect art, Ans: Ans: hold or Parliament 6 months. social the G anga office service. up

Xth Std Social Science CIVICS Xth Std Social Science CIVICS Speakerisvacant,thePresident Iftheofficeof presidesLokSabha. iv) 6. iv) i) 5. TheSupremeCourthasitspermanentseat iv) TheHighCourtisthefinalappellatecourt iii) 4. 3. G anga c) b) a) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion c Ans: a) c) Ans: a) c) Ans: a) Ans: d) iii) ii) i) iii) Heisthehighest ii) ii) i) Both (A)and(R)areBoth trueand(R)isthecorrect reason for (A) (A) isfalse but(R)istrue (A) isfalse butRistrue i &ivare correct ii &iii are correct i &ivare correct ii &ivare correct i &ivare correct ii &ivare correct (A)and(R)areBoth trueand(R)isnotthecorrect reason for (A) He The (T) Supreme Court.(T) (T) The Speakeriselected bythemembersof Loksabha.(T) The Speaker presides over a jointsitting of the Parliament. two Houses of The LokSabhais presidedoverbythePresident. He isappointedby thePrimeMinister. The chiefJusticeofIndiaiselectedbythe people. Supreme Courtis theGuardianofConstitution. (T) c) Both(A)and(R)aretrueisthecorrectreasonfor must www.kalvikural.com Constitution : be

and newmembersareelectedtofilltheseatsthusvacated. One third of the One third members of Rajya of Sabha retire every two years, The Rajya Sabha is a permanent house andit cannot bedissolved a person

lawofficerinthecountry. (T) ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS (Article who 76) d) b) d) b) d) b) is has i &iii are correct ii &ivare correct i, ii &iii are correct i, ii &ivare correct i, ii &iii are correct iii &ivare correct 208 qualified provided b)i,ii& ivarecorrect a) i&iii are correct c) i&ivarecorrect to for in thecountry. inNewDelhi.(T) be office appointed of the Attorney the judge UNIT -II General. of the . Article352 5. Article76 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. PrimeMinistercan holdtheofficeforsixyears. ii) 7. IV UNIT -II Ans: Ans: d) c) b) a) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion Ans: d) c) b) a) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion c) Ans: a) Article 356 Article 63 Article 53 iv) iii) i) Match the Following Match the Both (A)and(R)areBoth trueand(R)isnotthecorrect reason for (A) (A)and(R)areBoth trueand(R)isthecorrect reason for (A) (A) isfalse but(R)istrue (A) isfalse butRistrue (A)and(R)areBoth trueand(R)isnotthecorrect reason for (A) (A)and(R)areBoth trueand(R)isthecorrect reason for (A) (A) isfalse but(R)istrue (A) isfalse butRistrue i &ivare correct ii &ivare correct Ministers. (T) Prime Minister. Prime Minister acts asthelinkbetween of the President and theCouncil Article 78mentions thedutiesofPrime Minister.(T) The leader the majority of party in Rajya Sabha will be appointedas the c)Both(A)and(R)aretrueisthecorrectreasonfor c) Both(A)and(R)aretrueisthecorrectreasonfor : :

directly. ‘State Legislative Assemblies. They are not elected by the people The membersaredirectlyelectedbythepeople. The LokSabhaiscalledastheHouseofPeople. The members Rajaya of Sabha are elected members of the Rajya SabhaisalsoknownastheHouseofRepresentatives. www.kalvikural.com oftheAttorney General e) Office - oftheVicePresident d) Office - - - - d) b) c) b) a) Executive power ofthePresident Internal Emergency State Emergency i, ii &iii are correct iii &ivare correct 209 1 –c,2d, 3–a,4e, 5 –b b) iii& iv arecorrect G

anga

Xth Std Social Science CIVICS Xth Std Social Science CIVICS 1. HowisPresidentofIndiaelected? 5. 4. 3. 2 Ex-Officio Chairman 1. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 5 4. 3. 2. 1. 2. G V anga  the councilofministers. The three categoriesofMinistersattheUnionlevel are- After the elections, the President of India, on the advice of the Prime Minister, appoints    Ans: Ans: Ans: President Member ofRajya Sabha Member ofLokSabha Speaker Shastri Thiru. Lal Bahdur Thiru. Ramnath Govind Tmt. Pratibha Patil Dr. RadhaKrishnan Dr. Rajendra Prasad Rashtrapati Nilayam The Retreat Building Rashtrapati Bhavan Rajya Sabha Lok Sabha What are thedifferent categoriesofMinistersat theUnionlevel? Answer Questions briefly the Cabinet Ministers, The President iselectedfor atermof five years andcanbere-elected. ii) i) The Electoral consistsof- College proportional representation by meansofsingletransferable vote. The Presidentby iselected an electoral in accordance college of thesystem with Territory ofDelhiandPuducherry. The and elected membersof the states elected membersof National Capital bothhousesofParliamentThe electedmembersof and www.kalvikural.com ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

- - - years a) 25 ------e) c) b) e) d) c) b) a) e) d) c) b) a) d) Lok Sabha 35 years Vice President PresidentSecond First Woman President First President Present President PrimeMinister Second New Delhi Permanent House Hyderabad 5 years Shimla 30 years 210 1 –b),2d), 3–e),4a),5c) 1 –b),2e), 3–a),4d),5c) 1 –c),2e), 3–d),4b),5a) UNIT -II 6. 5. WhatisMoneyBill? 4. Whatisthe Court? qualification ofJudgestheSupreme 3. UNIT -II   President. Hisspecialpowersare- Attorney                The Qualifications ofaSupreme CourtJudgeare-   List outany twospecial powersoftheAttorney General ofIndia? Write ashort noteon SpeakeroftheLokSabha? of theParliament ortheirjoint sitting. He also has the right to speak and to take partin the proceedings of both Houses India. Attorney General of India has the right of audience of in courts in all the territory entire powerrests Loksabha. with If Rajya gets passed. It means automatically Sabha does notit pass money bill 14days.within Rajya sabha Rajyacannot amend or change Money Bills. Sabha has to pass it It hastobeintroduced onlyinLoksabha. Only aministercanpassMoneybill. president. or notbybill Lok Sabha speaker in or evencourt cannotbechallenged and it by haveMoney bills many other special features. A can be bill decided as money of uniongovernment. taxation, deals with consolidated fundMoney Bill of India and borrowing and credit not onthebasisof10 He decision isthefinal. or an Ordinary His is Money Bill Bill. He has the powertodecide whether a Bill The Speaker presides over ajointsitting ofthetwoHousesparliament. democracy. The The LokSabhaispresided over by theSpeaker whoiselectedby members. its He isintheopinionofPresident, adistinguishedJurist. He shouldhave worked asanadvocate ofHighCourtfor atleast10years. He shouldhave worked asaJudgeofHighCourtfor atleast5years. He mustbeacitizen ofIndia. Deputy Ministers. Ministers ofStateand is General office empowered of is the the www.kalvikural.com to Speaker highest decide th scheduleoftheconstitution. whether occupies law officer 211 a an member in essential the country. of the position Lok He sabha in is our appointed is disqualified Parliamentary G anga by the or

Xth Std Social Science CIVICS Xth Std Social Science CIVICS 10. 9. Whatare 8. 7. G anga  The UnionExecutive consistsof–              He isresponsible for makingawidevariety ofappointments         How canthePresident beremovedfromthepower? Write anote ontheappointment authorityofthe President. What doestheUnion Executive consist? until hissuccessor entersuponhisoffice. The House for introduction. its It must be supported by not less than One-Fourth of the total strength of the house oftheParliament. The Impeachment actioncanbebrought about in the form ofresolution in either impeachment inthemannerprovided inArticle61. The Ambassadors andHighCommissionerstoothercountries. The ChairmanandotherMembersoftheUnionPublic Commission Service The ChiefElectionCommissionerandotherCommissioners The Comptroller andAuditor General, The Attorney General, The ChiefJusticeandotherJudgesoftheSupreme CourtandhighCourts, The Governors ofStates, The PrimeMinisterandtheothermembersofCouncil ofMinisters. He appoints– another tenelectorsoftheElectoral whichelectsthePresident. College His or her name should be proposed by at least and ten electors seconded by Sabha. He He mustnotholdany officeofprofit undertheUnion,StateorlocalGovernment. He musthave completedtheageofthirty-five years. He shouldbeacitizen ofIndia. Attorney General ofIndia. The Council ofMinistersheadedby thePrimeMinisterand The Vice-President, The President ofIndia, should www.kalvikural.com President President thequalifications tobecomethePresident ofIndia? have shall, may, the ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS other in for spite violation qualifications

of the 212 of conclusion the required Constitution, of to his become term, be removed continue a

member from to UNIT -II hold of office the office Lok by 15. Whatare 14. 13. 12. 11. Mention thequalifications tobecomeVice-President. UNIT -II      Qualifications tobecomeamemberofLokSabhaare -              The Vice-President isEx-Officio ChairmanoftheRajya Sabha.Hismainfunctions are-.     laysThe constitution downqualifications for aVicePresidential candidate. Who canbecomethe member ofLokSabha? When canVice-President actasPresident? What are themainfunctions oftheVice-President? He should be mentally soundandeconomicallyHe shouldbementally solvent. He shouldnotholdany officeofprofit undertheUnionorStateGovernment. He shouldhave hisnameinelectoral rolls insomepartofthecountry. He shouldnotbelessthan25years ofage. He shouldbeacitizen ofIndia. He shouldnotbethememberofLokSabhaorany otherlegislature that reason from time totime. He He shouldbeapersonwith soundmindandmonetarily solvent. He shouldnotholdany officeofprofit underany Government. He shouldnotbelessthan30years ofage. He shouldbeacitizen ofIndia. Vice-President canactasthePresident for amaximumperiodofsixmonths. becomes vacant due to resignation, death, or removal by impeachment etc. the When the President isunable or whenthepostofPresidentto dosoduesickness the country, heattends tothefunctions ofthePresident. When the President is unable todischarge orabsencefrom his duties due to illness He issuesdirections tovarious committees onmatters relating totheirfunctions. He suspendsoradjournstheHouseincaseofagrave disorder. He decidestheadmissibility ofaresolution orquestions. He decidestheorder oftheHouse. He regulates theproceeding oftheHouse. Sabha He He mustnotholdany officeofprofit undertheUnion,StateorlocalGovernment. He musthave completedtheageofthirty-five years. He shouldbeacitizen ofIndia. should should thequalifications ofRajayaSabhamember? have have the such www.kalvikural.com other other qualifications qualification 213 required as may be to become approved a by member the Parliament G of anga the Rajya for

Xth Std Social Science CIVICS Xth Std Social Science CIVICS 1. 16. What are G VI anga    Qualification ofSupreme CourtJudges Union FinanceMinisteronly with thepermissionofPresident. of theCentralAnnual Budget Government is presentedbefore theLok Sabha by the Financial Power Community totheLokSabha. to theRajyaservice Sabha. and also nominate belonging two persons to Anglo- Indian He nominates 12 persons who are eminent in literature, science, sports,artand social even dissolve theLokSabhabefore theexpiryoftermHouse. the President. cannot beintroduced Moneybills inthe Parliament hisapproval. without the firstsessioneachyear. ThePresident summonsParliament atleasttwiceinayear. of theParliament by addressingthe general after it election and also at thebeginning of Legislative Powers appoints Army, Navy, andAirChiefs. CommissionAmbassadorsandHighCommissionerstoothercountries. Service and Election Commissionersother theChairman and Members oftheUnion other Public AttorneyGeneral, the Comptroller and Auditor General, the Chief Election Commissioner the Chief JusticeandStates, other Judges of theSupreme Court and high Courts, the making a wide variety of appointments. These include the appointment of Governors of President. 77 requires thateveryexecutive be taken actionoftheUnion shall in the nameof Executive Powers: the following categories. The  Describe thepowers and functionsofthePresident ofIndia. Answer following the indetail The Constitution of IndiaThe Constitution placestheContingency Fund of India is atthedisposal of can be introducedMoney bill in the Parliament his only prior recommendation.with President thesessionsofboth or any terminates ofthe Houses ofParliament. He can passed by bills the ParliamentAll become “Lawsonly getting ofActs” after assent of The President is an integral part of the Union Parliament. He inaugurates thesession He is the supreme commander of thedefence forces ofIndia. So, the President He appoints thePrimeMinister and the Council of Ministers. Heis responsible for vestsThe constitution theexecutiveall thePresident powerswith ofIndia. Article He isintheopinionofPresident, adistinguishedJurist. He shouldhave worked asanadvocate ofHighCourtfor atleast10years. He shouldhave worked asaJudgeofHighCourtfor atleast5years. He mustbeacitizen ofIndia. powers www.kalvikural.com thequalifications ofaSupremeCourt So he

and has functions to make many of the appointments President 214 of to Indian judge? key-offices can be to broadly run the classified administration. UNIT -II under 2. UNIT -II   Original Jurisdiction: functions oftheSupreme Court. provisions oftheConstitution. by declaring that the Government in a cannot be run State on in accordance of the Emergency. the grounds of war, external aggression or armed rebellion. This is known as National Emergency Powers President. presenting hiscredentials. diplomats postedtoIndia. Diplomatic Powers of thecountry. So, thePresident candeclare war againstacountryandmake peace. Union shallbevested inthePresident”. Military Powers offence. remissions of punishment, ofanyor tocommutethesentence personconvicted ofan Judicial Powers states torecommend thedistributionofrevenues betweentheCentre andtheStates. He unexpected expenditure. the President. He can make advances out of thecontingency fund of India to meetany  Explain theJurisdiction andpowersoftheSupreme CourtofIndia? The “Supreme Court is the Guardian of the Constitution”. The followings are the Article 356 confers power on the President tomake a proclamation Emergencyof State Article 352 confers on power the President tomake aproclamation of Emergency on The President hasbeenempowered by toproclaim theConstitution Emergency. treatiesAll and agreements foreign with areStates entered into, in the name of the on the President calling The ambassadordesignateambassador after becomes and The President appoints Indian diplomats to othercountriesand receives foreign The President is thus declared tobetheSupreme Commander of thedefence Force Article 53(2) lays down supremethat “the command of theDefence Force ofthe The President isnotanswerable toany courtoflaw for exercise ofhis/shepower. Article 72 confers on the President powertogrant pardons, reprieves, respitesor (dispute over the enforcement) comeunder the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. ii) Dispute between twoor moreiii) states the cases involving fundamental rights These may bei) theGovernmentdispute between of India and one ormore States come underoriginaljurisdiction. The The writs issued byThe writs the Supreme Court for the enforcement of the fundamental constitutes cases which a finance www.kalvikural.com are brought commission directly 215 after in every the first five instance years or to on the the Supreme demand G anga of Court the

Xth Std Social Science CIVICS Xth Std Social Science CIVICS 3. G anga  Appellate Jurisdiction       The dutiesofthePrimeMinisterare mentionedintheArticle78.Theyare-     The Supreme CourtofIndia hasIndividual Review Power regard with to- Judicial Review:    Miscellaneous Jurisdiction any questionoflaw orfact whichinhisopinionisofpublic importance. Advisory Jurisdiction  What are theDutiesand functionsofPrimeMinisterIndia? The Constitution confersThe Constitution on the President torefer thepower totheSupreme Court the government oftheaffairs ofthe Unionandproposals for legislation. To converseto thePresident decisions of theCouncil all of Ministers connecting to The PrimeMinistersupervisestheworkofvarious ministers. he doesnotconvene aCabinetmeeting. The PrimeMinisterinformally twoorthree consults when ofhis senior colleagues colleagues. The Prime Minister is the Head of theCabinet and the other ministers are his which hepresides. The PrimeMinisterdecides thedatesand the agenda of themeetingCabinet departments. The Prime Minister decides therank of his ministers and distributes various Constitution. Those laws passed by the legislatures which are not in accordance the with Protecting thefundamental rights, doubts anddifferences ofopinion. To interpret and clarify a provision about which of theconstitution there are some DisputebetweentheCentre andtheStates The Supreme Courthascompletecontrol over ownestablishment. its theapprovalwith of the President. The Supreme Courtisauthorized tomake rulesfor regulating the subordinate court India. The law declared by Supreme of Courtis binding the territory courts within on all from theHighCourtthatit isfittoappealintheSupreme Court. decisions As regard jurisdiction, the Appellate Supreme Courthearsappeals against the The Supreme Courtisthefinalappellatecourtincountry. d) a) rights are – Certiorari and Habeas Corpus www.kalvikural.com of High Court in e) b) civil, Quo Warranto. Mandamus criminal 216 and Constitutional c) Prohibition cases with a UNIT -II certificate 5. 4. UNIT -II Rajya Sabha      Functions ofLokSabha: representiatives ofthepeople.Theyare electedfor aperiodoffive years. The LokSabha isthepopular house oftheIndian Parliament and contains elected Lok Sabha:     country. Laws passed by the parliament and approved by the president are enforced in the whole sabha &Lok Sabha.Parliament makes law boththechambers. thehelp ofits with    List outthe functionsoftheLokSabhaand Rajya Sabha. Critically examinethe PowersandFunctionsof theParliament. It is permanent house of theParliament. Themembersofthe Rajya Sabha are The Parliament of India is a bi-cameral legislature. It consists of two houses- Rajya post. then theprime ministerandcouncil of ministersneedtoresign other from their Motion Lok Sabhamembershave the powertoelectpresident andvicepresident. It hasthepowerinpassingany for bill amendment. constitutional of Supreme Court. It has thepower toparticipatein of impeachment case ofpresident and the judges Any canbeintroduced bill andpassedintheLoksabha(Including MoneyBill). The Parliament hasthepowertochange boundariesoftheStates. confidence. and passing resolutions, discussing and pushing censure motion or vote of no- and supplementary questions, moving motions of adjournment, discussing The Parliament exercisescontrol over theexecutive through asking questions down intheConstitution. Comptroller and Auditor-General of India in accordance the procedurewith laid Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts, Chief Election Commissioner and Parliament is also vestedto impeach powers the Presidentwith and to remove like development plans,internationalrelations andinternalpolicies. ventilationpassing of Budget, of public grievances, discussion of various subjects The Parliament ofIndia has thefunctions of Legislation, overseeing ofadministration, nations andSAARC nations. international conferenceslike thecommonwealth, oftheNonaligned summit As the leader of the nation, the PrimeMinister representsour nation at all The Prime Minister is the leader ofthenation and chief spokesperson ofthecountry. The Prime Minister act as the link between the President and the Council of Ministers. of No Confidence www.kalvikural.com can only 217 be introduced in Lok Sabha. If G it is anga passed,

Xth Std Social Science CIVICS Xth Std Social Science CIVICS 6. G anga  Functions ofRajyaSabha: Sabha. elected   Ministers ofState:      Cabinet Ministers:    are –     Explain thethreecategories oftheMinisters. The the meetingsofcabinet unlessinvited todoso. They are also in charge but ofministries theydo or departments not participatein These ministersbelongtothesecondcategoryof ministers inthecouncil. countries. treaties The Cabinet decides the foreign policy of the Government, approves international the LokSabhawith thePresidents recommendations. haveThe Financebills theirorigin in the Cabinet and then they are introduced in It isinstrumentalinmoving AmendmentstotheConstitution. The Cabinetrecommends tothePresident topromulgate anordinance. such asdefense, finance,externalaffairs andhome. administration. Important decisions of thegovernment are taken by the Cabinet, The Cabinet is an informal body of senior ministers who form the nucleus of Deputy Ministers. Ministers ofState Cabinet Ministers (2/3 ofTotal Members)supportsit. Rajya Sabha can also create India orabolish an All majority if Service ofmembers Court andHighCourt. It has power in the impeachment procedure ofPresident and judges of Supreme and VicePresident. The members ofRajya Sabha have theelectoral forpower selectionofPresident amendment. It hasthesamepowerasLok Sabha, for passing any for bill constitutional joint sessionofboththehousestoresolve thedeadlock. gets stuck forpassed. If theBill more than six months, the President for calls a Any (except needs tobeapproved bill theMoneyBills) by Rajya Sabha to get Ministers for www.kalvikural.com a and term of plays of the six ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS a Union years. significant Government The role Vice-President 218 in the are appointment classified is the under Ex-Officio of Ambassadors three Chairman categories. UNIT -II to of various Rajya They 2. 1. VII UNIT -II   Indian President   US President Minister andMinisters.   Deputy Ministers Bring outthedifference ofsimilaritiesbetween theUSandIndianPresident. Organise a mock Parliament in your class. Discuss the role of President, Prime Project andActivity Indian President any without isonlywith title real authority. Indian President isonlytheheadof the state. President oftheUSis real executive. The USpresident isboththeheadofstateandHeadgovernment . entrusted tothem. the MinistersThey ofCabinet assist either or Statein the performance of the duties They are thelowestranked ministersinthecabinet. www.kalvikural.com (SELF ACTIVITY) XG DFD 219 GW G anga

Xth Std Social Science CIVICS Xth Std Social Science CIVICS 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. G I

CIVICS anga d) TheSpeaker ofStateLegislative Assembly c) b) a) d) JudgesoftheHighCourt c) Advocate General oftheState b) a) c) Ans: a) State LegislativeAssembly? a) Ans: c) President’s agent a) c) a) The ChiefMinisterof a Stateisappointedby The Governordoesnotappoint Who cannominate one representative of the Anglo-IndianCommunity to the Which among thefollowingisnotoneofpowersGovernor? The SpeakerofaState isa The GovernoroftheStateisappointedby Choose the Correct Choosethe Answer The President The Governor The StateLegislature Commission Chairman oftheStatePublic Service Chief Minister The ChiefMinister The President Legislative Head ofState President Prime Minister UNIT 3 www.kalvikural.com b) Executive ______BOOK EXERCISEBOOK STATE GOVERNMENT c) ______d) b) d) b) d) b) Judicial The Speaker ofStatelegislature The Governor None ofthese Head ofgovernment Chief Justice Chief Minister 220 . . ______Ans: Ans: ______d) b)TheGovernor Diplomatic d) JudgesoftheHighCourt Ans: Ans: . d) Noneofthese c) President b) TheGovernor d) Diplomatic . UNIT -III 14.  13. TheHigh 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. UNIT -III a) ______d) c) b) a) c) Ans: a) c) a) Ans: d) c) b) a) c) a) Hasatermofsixyears b) c) Ans: Hasatermoffive years a) c) a) c) For the administrative purpose, India is divided into thefollowingWhich of StateshaveacommonHigh Court? Which oneofthefollowingStatesdoesnotpossess abicamerallegislature? The members ofLegislative Councilare The minimum agefor themembershipofLegislative Councilis The LegislativeCouncil isheadedby The State CouncilofMinisters 28 and7 Maharashtra andGujarat Punjab andHaryana Kerala andTelangana Tamil Nadu andAndhra Pradesh Delhi, Calcutta, Madras Calcutta, Bombay, Madras Tamil Nadu Andhra Pradesh Directly electedby thepeople Elected by localbodies,graduates, teachers,Legislative Assemblyetc. Mostly nominated Elected by theLegislative Assembly 30 years 25 years Is apermanenthouse The Speaker The ChiefMinster 28 and6 c) Elected bylocalbodies,graduates,teachers,LegislativeAssemblyetc. Unionterritories andonenational capital territory known asDelhi. CourtsinIndiawerefirststartedat www.kalvikural.com ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS ______b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) d) b) d)

29 and6 Calcutta, Madras, Delhi Delhi andCalcutta Uttar Pradesh Telangana 35 years 21 years Has atermoffour years The Governor The PrimeMinister 29 and7 221 . Ans: ______c) Punjab andHaryana c) Punjab a) Calcutta,Bombay,Madras ______Ans: c) 30years c) Isapermanenthouse . Ans: Ans: Ans: . ______a)TheChiefMinister . 29 and6 c) TamilNadu ______G states and anga .

Xth Std Social Science CIVICS Xth Std Social Science CIVICS 25. Thefirst 24. 23. 22.  21. 20. 18. 17. 16. 15.  G anga c) a) c) a) c) a) ______c) a) c) a) ______c) a) c) a) c) Ans: a) ______c) a) Orders session. c) a) Community. Governor canpromulgate He nominates one member to the State Legislative Assembly from the Governor actsasthe To becomeaGovernor ofState,onemustbecompleted Governor can resign his post at any time by addressing his resignation to the The Deen Vice-Chancellor 25 years 35 years Vice President Chief Minister Governor Chief Minister Prime Minister Governor Annadurai O.P. Ramaswamy Prime Minister Chief Minister Maharashtra Jammu andKashmir Ordinances Foreign Indian ______ChiefMinister Tamilnadu was www.kalvikural.com hasaseparate constitution foritsgovernment under Article370. isthehead oftheStateGovernment. allocates theportfoliosamong theMinistersof state. isthe ConstitutionalHead oftheStateexecutive. ______d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) Governor d) b) d) b) d) b) ofUniversities inthestate. Chancellor Vice-President 18 years 30 years President Prime Minister Prime Minister President Chief Minister President Rajaji Kamaraj President Andaman andNicobarIslands Haryana andPunjab Resolutions Recommendations Educated Anglo-Indian 222 ______whentheState Legislature is notin a)JammuandKashmir Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: ______d) VicePresident c) Governor d) ChiefMinister a) O.P.Ramasamy a) ChiefMinister c) Ordinances b) Anglo-Indian d) Chancellor a) 35years ofage. ______UNIT -III

37. 36.  The 35. 34. 33. Article 32. 31. 30. 29.  28. 27. 26. UNIT -III a) a) territories. a) Union territory. a common HighCourtfortwo or more states or for two or more states and a a) Council (Aboilition)Billof a) a State. a) a) giving c) a) membership oftheLegislativeAssembly. a) the a) c) a) a) after Madras High Courtbuildingis the second largest judicial complex inthe world At present, there are Every Bill becomesan Actafterpassingthrough In In The The size ofthe Legislative Council cannot be more than The strengththe Legislative of Assembly varies from State on to State depending The strength oftheTamilnaduLegislativeAssembly is The ______Tamil 1986 25 Sixth One 137 13 14 days One-fourth One-third Economy 250 Governor Chief Minister New York ______Speaker ______

Nadu, can b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) states, Bi-camerallegislature exists. the . Amendment Act of 1956 authorised the Parliament to establish are collectively responsible to theStateLegislature. be . 1985 26 Seventh Two 169 11 30 days Area 545 Paris notice. www.kalvikural.com Legislative deals with the creation or abolition Legislative of Council in removed

______from Council c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) d) b) d) b) 1984 27 Eighth Three 179 9 7 days Population 234 London Three-fourth Two-third Speaker Council ofMinisters 223 office High Courts for29States High and 7Union

. was by abolished a Ans: d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) d) resolution ______b)CouncilofMinisters 1980 28 Tenth Four 7 15 days Education 60 Rome 146

by ______

Tamil of Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: readings. the ______Nadu c)Three Assembly a) One-third c) Popultion c) 234. c) London a) 25 b) Seventh a) 1986 b) 169 d) 7 a) 14days . G Legislative anga after the

Xth Std Social Science CIVICS Xth Std Social Science CIVICS 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. ______isthefirst womenGovernor ofTamil 3. 2. 1. 40.  39. 38. G II

anga Right to property isdeniedas afundamental right torestof India, isguaranteedbut it Court. c) a) ______imposed. Ans: Ans: in ______only common highcourtfor twoormore states. by the ______. Ans: Ans: c) a) ______a) The administration is carried on by the ______when the President Rule is Governor can dissolve the ______theCouncil of Ministers majority.if has lost its ______appoints theAttorney-General ofthe State. Article ______vests theexecutive poweroftheStateinGovernor. The Chairman Commission and Public Members oftheStateService can be removed The Seventh Amendment Act of ______authorised the Parliament to establish a ofuniversities______actsasthe chancellor inthestate. Members oftheLegislative assembly(MLAs) by elected the______. Governor ofthestategovernment surrenders hisresignation to______. 43rdThe Amendment Act of The 42ndAmendment Act of 1976 curtailed the judicial review power of the Fill in the blanks inthe Fill Military Court Military Supreme Court Chief Minister Governor 1976 www.kalvikural.com

thegovernment announces policies onthefloorof . b) 1975 ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS ______c) d) b) d) b) 1978 Speaker District Court High Court Finance Minister 224 restored the High the judicialpowerof Nadu. d) 1977 Ans: Ans: Ans: President c) ChiefMinister Governor Legislative Council 154 Jammu andKashmir People Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: the house. Governor 1956 d) 1977 b) HighCourt President Governor Fathima Beevi UNIT -III 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 25 24. 23. 22. 21. 20. 19. 18. When the 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. III UNIT -III  Ans: Ans: particular problem. ______. Ans: Ans: and theCouncil ofMinisters. appointed asthe______. State. Armed forces MLC Council of Ministers Chief Minister Governor ______by______is aspecial thegovernmentchosen, especially court toexamine beappointedChief Minister by will the______The leader ofthemajority party beappointed will as ______. ofHigh The institution Court originatedinIndia in ______The Legislature controls the______ofState. In the Legislative Council, of theone-thirdthe term of membersexpire every Cabinet bodycalled isthenucleusof A smaller ______. The size oftheLegislative Councilcannotbelessthan ______. The maximum strength oftheAssembly mustnotexceed ______. The Chief Minister is the principal channel of communication the ______between The leader of the majority party or majority group in the State Legislative Assembly is The Governor is the nominal and the Chief Minister is the real ______of the Match the Following Match the officeoftheSpeaker isvacant, the______performs hisfunctions. is an official www.kalvikural.com

decision - - - - - 1 –b),2a),3 d),4–e), 5–c) b) e) d) c) a) that Head oftheState Cannot vote for grants Responsible for the Assembly Tribunals Head oftheGovernment 225 is made after a group Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: or Governor Finances Deputy Speaker Council ofMinister Governor Executive authorities Resolution. Tribunal Chief Minister Two years. organisation Chief Minister Ans: 1962 Ans: Ans: G has anga 40 500 voted.

Xth Std Social Science CIVICS Xth Std Social Science CIVICS 2. 1. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 5 4. 3. 2. VidhanSabha 1. VidhanParishad G IV anga (A)and(R)ared) Both trueand(R)isnotthecorrect reason for (A) Ans: (A)and(R)arec) Both trueand(R)isthecorrect reason for (A) b) (A)istruebut(R)false a) (A)isfalse but (R) istrue c) Ans: a) Ans: Ans: Reason (R) Assertion (A) iii) ii) i) Chief Minister Tamil Nadu M.L.C Karnataka M.L.A Legislative Assembly High Court Raj Bhavan Choose the Correct Choosethe Statement i) andiv)are correct ii) andiv)are correct Some membersof LegislativeCouncilsare directlyelectedbythepeople. Some membersof LegislativeCouncilsare nominated.(T) Only someStates inIndiahaveLegislative Councils.(T) www.kalvikural.com : : Legislature onlywiththePresident’sapproval. Legislature. Certain bills on the State List can be introduced in the State There are limitations on the Legislative authority of the State ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS ------d) b) e) d) c) b) a) e) d) c) b) a) Bi-cameral Legislature Unicameral Legislature Five years Administrative head Six years Legislative Council Legislative Assembly Speaker Chennai Governor i), ii) andiii) are correct iii) andiv)are correct 226 b) (A)is truebut(R)isfalse 1 –c),2e),3a),4d),5b) Correct answerisi)andii) 6 –e), 7 –d),8a),9b),10c) UNIT -III

6. shouldnotholdanyotherprofitable occupation.(T) iv) He/she He/Sheshouldnot iii) 5. shouldnotholdanyotherprofitable occupation.(T) iv) He/she He/Sheshouldnot iii) He/She musthave completed30yearsofage. ii) 4. 3. UNIT -III Ans: d) c) b) a) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion c) Ans: a) c) Ans: a) c) Ans: a) ii) i) i) iv) iii) ii) i) Both (A)and(R)areBoth trueand(R)isnotthecorrect reason for (A) (A)and(R)areBoth trueand(R)isthecorrect reason for (A) (A) istruebut(R)false (A) isfalse but(R)istrue iii) andiv)are correct i) andii) are correct i) andiv)are correct i), ii) andiv)are correct i) andiii) are correct ii) andiv)are correct c)Both(A)and(R)are trueand(R)isthecorrectreasonfor(A) another. (T) Governor assists theCouncilofMinistersin theadministration. Governor isthereal centreofauthorityin the StateGovernment. To becomeaGovernor, thepersonshould be anIndian.(T) Once appointed, the Governor cannot be transferred from one state to Generally, the Governor does notbelongtothe State where he is appointed. Governor oftheState shallbeappointedby thePrimeMinister. Governor istheConstitutional headofthe StateExecutive.(T) ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS :

India, but,itisguaranteedinJammuandKashmir. have aseparateconstitution. Kashmir among Indian states and it is the only Indian state to Right to Property is denied as a fundamental right to the rest of The Constitution of Indiagrants a special status toJammu and www.kalvikural.com beaMemberofParliamentorState Legislature. beaMemberofParliamentorState Legislature. d) b) d) b) d) b) i) andiv)are correct ii) andiii) are correct i), ii) andiii) are correct i), iii) andiv)are correct i) ii) andiii) are correct iii) andiv)are correct 227 c) i)andii) c) iii)andiv)arecorrect. a) i),iii) andiv) are correct.

G (T) (T) anga

Xth Std Social Science CIVICS Xth Std Social Science CIVICS Whatare 3. 2. WhatistheimportanceofGovernorastate? 1. 6. 7. G V anga c) b) a) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion             d) Ans: c) b) a) Reason (R) (A) : Assertion Ans: d) How the stateofJammu andKashmirdifferfrom theotherstatesofIndia? Answer Questions briefly Both (A)and(R)areBoth trueand(R)isthecorrect reason for (A) (A) istruebut(R)false (A) isfalse but(R)istrue Both (A)and(R)areBoth trueand(R)isnotthecorrect reason for (A) (A)and(R)areBoth trueand(R)isthecorrect reason for (A) (A) istruebut(R)false (A) isfalse but(R)istrue (A)and(R)areBoth trueand(R)isnotthecorrect reason for (A) He is the representative of President of India and Central Government in that state. So, JammuandKashmir differs from theotherstatesofIndia. areConstitution notapplication totheStateofJammuandKashmir. The DirectivePolicy Principles of theState and Fundamental duties ofthe It istheonlystateinIndia tohave aseparate Constitution. Indian states. of IndiaThe Constitution grants special to Jammustatus and Kashmir among the ofJammuandKashmirThe Constitution cameintoforce on26 He musthave completed 35years of age. He shouldbeacitizen of India. He canrecommend tothePresident toimposePresident Rule intheState. The Governor candissolve thehouseinwith theadviceofchiefminister. passedby thebills LegislativeAll Assembly have togettheapproval ofGovernor. government. of ministry by Governor. Then Governor invites theleaderofhouse to form the After the election, the leader of the winning party to be make called will the Council c) Both(A)and(R)aretrueisthecorrectreasonfor www.kalvikural.com thequalifications fortheappointment ofGovernor? : :

Governor. The Article 154 vests the Executive power of the State in the The governoristheconstitutionalheadofState executive. It isconstitutedasapermanentHouse. The Legislative Councilisthe UpperHouseofthe State Legislature. 228 b) (A)istruebut(R)false th January1957. UNIT -III 7. 6. WritetheprivilegesofGovernor. 5. 4. UNIT -III                  Write anote ontheLegislative Assembly. What doyouunderstand bythe“AppellateJurisdiction” oftheHighCourt? What isthe originaljurisdiction oftheHighCourt? However, be reserved shall seats in the Housefor and castes the Scheduled The Governor appointsamemberfrom theAnglo-Indian community. before term. theexpiryofits The The strength of the Assembly varies from State to State depending on the population. directlyof members It consists byelected thepeople on the basisfranchise.of adult The Legislative Assembly is a popular house. It is the real centre of power in the State. No civilproceedings inwhichrelief isclaimedagainstthe Governor ofa State. from any courtduringhisterm ofoffice. No process for the arrest or imprisonment of the Governor of a issue State, shall Governor ofaStateinany courtduringhis term ofoffice. No criminal proceedings whatsoever orcontinued against the be instituted shall performance ofthepowersanddutieshisoffice. Governoris notbeanswerable ofaState to any courtfor theexercise and relating totheArmedForces oftheCountry. They have, however, no jurisdiction over tribunals under established the laws High Court. as Courts on as well their own. This is known as the ‘Appellate Jurisdiction’ of the High Courtsentertainappeals All in civil and criminal fromcases their subordinate President Magistrates. is more than `2000 and in criminal cases which are committed to them by the The Presidency High Courts have original jurisdiction in which the amount involved have originaljurisdiction. Only in matters of admiralty, probate, matrimonial and contempt of Court, they have bothoriginalandappellate jurisdictions. The High Courts of the Presidency towns such as Bombay, Calcutta and Madras He shouldnotholdany otherprofitable occupation. office. member ofany of Legislature, vacateshe automatically his seat on assuming the He should not bea member ofParliament or ofanyLegislature. State Ifhe is a Scheduled tribes. Scheduled term of office www.kalvikural.com ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS of the legislative 229 assembly is 5 years. It can be dissolved G anga even

Xth Std Social Science CIVICS Xth Std Social Science CIVICS 1. 9. 8. G VI anga    The mainqualifications tobecomeamemberofLegislative Councilare- following officials- the Council advises theGovernorof Ministers. He in relation to theappointment of the The Chief Ministeris the principal channel of communication the Governorbetween and Relating totheGovernor        Relating totheCouncilofMinisters     following powersandfunctions.       What are thepowers and functionsoftheChiefMinister? Who electthemembers ofLegislativeCouncilelected? What The Chief Minister isthereal executiveadministration. head of theState He hasthe Answer following the indetail He guides,directs, controls andcoordinates theministers. ofall theactivities from office. ofthecouncil of ministersbyHe canbring about the collapse resigning He difference ofopinion. He can ask a minister to resign or to advise the Governor todismiss him in case of He shufflesandreshuffles hisministry. theportfoliosHe allocates amongtheministers. Governor The Chief Ministerrecommends thepersonswho can be appointed as ministersby Other functions andpowers. Relating totheStateLegislature Relating totheGovernor Relating tothecouncil ofministers 1 /12ofthemembersare electedby Graduate teachers. 1/12 ofthemembersare electedby Graduates oftheuniversities intheState. 1/6 isnominatedby theGovernor 1/3 ofthemembersare electedby themembersofLegislative Assembly. 1/3 ofthemembersare electedby localbodies. contesting theelection His/her name should be in the voter’s fromlist of thestate which he or she is soundandnotbankrupt Mentally Not under30years ofage, He/she mustbecitizens ofIndia. arethe qualifications neededto becomeamemberofLegislativeCouncil? presides www.kalvikural.com over the meetings of the 230 Council

of Ministers and influences its UNIT -III decisions.

2. UNIT -III       Executive Powers powers. As the executive head in the level,state the Governor has following functions and     Other functionandpowers    Relating toStateLegislature      Describe thevarious powers andfunctionsofthe Governor. The Governor is the head executiveof the state and he has enormous powers. Chancellors ofuniversitiesChancellors inthe state. of universitiesas He acts the chancellor in the state.Healso appoints the Vice service andtenure ofoffice. He appoints Election the State Commissioner and his determines of conditions However, theycanberemoved onlyby thePresident andnotby aGovernor. Commission. He appoints theChairman Public Service and Members oftheState remuneration. He appoints the Advocate- General and his determines of thestate the ChiefMinister. He appoints other membersof the Council of Ministers on the recommendation of the ChiefMinisterofState. He appoints the leaderofmajority party in the StateLegislative Assembly as develop arapport theuniongovernment. with For smoothfunctioning and forof thestate good Centre-Staterelations, he hasto ordinate thesecretaries ofvarious departmentsinthestatelevel. head of thevariousAs thepolitical he hastosupervise,control services, and co- sections ofthepeople. As the leader of the state,he has to keenly consider the demands of the different develop thedisciplines. As the leaderofruling party, the Chief Minister has tocontrol the party and anytime. He can recommend for the dissolution of the Legislative Assembly to theGovernor He canintroduce intheLegislative thebills Assembly. He announcesthegovernment policiesonthefloorofhouse. Chairman andMembersoftheStateFinanceCommission. Chairman andMembersoftheStatePlanningCommission. Chairman andMembersoftheStatePublic Commission. Service State ElectionCommissioner. Advocate General oftheState. www.kalvikural.com 231 G anga

Xth Std Social Science CIVICS Xth Std Social Science CIVICS G anga    Legislative Powers      Judicial Powers       Financial Powers      He canpardon, commute orreprieve punishmentonreceipt ofappealsfor mercy. him. with The Chief Justice of the High Court is appointed by the President in consultation theStateHighCourt. with consultation He makes appointment, postings and promotions of the DistrictJudges in He appointsJudgestotheSubordinate CourtsintheState. He appointstheAttorney-General oftheState. ofthepanchayatsposition andthemunicipalities. He expenditure. He can make advancesContingency out of thestate Fund to meetany unforeseen No demandfor any grant canbemadeexcept onhisrecommendation. recommendation. can be introducedMoney Bills in Legislaturethe State only his with the prior the Legislative Assembly. to be presented of theState He causestheAnnual in Financial (Budget) Statement approval tointroduce budgetandsupplementarybudgets. confersThe Constitution on theGovernor Legislature thatState should get his Article 213. He can promulgate ordinances when legislaturethe state is not in session under signature. Every passed by bill the state legislature become law will only after his theElectionCommission. in consultationwith He art, cooperative movement andsocialservice. the personshaving special knowledge or practicalin experienceliterature, science, LegislativeHe nominates 1/6ofthemembersState Council from amongst Anglo- Indian Community. He can nominate legislatureone member tothestate assembly from the fall vacant. proceedings He can appoint any member of the Legislative Assembly to preside over its each general electionandthefirstsessionofeachyear. He Legislative Assembly. He hastheright to summon, proroguelegislature the state and dissolve theState can constitutes decides www.kalvikural.com address on when a the the Finance question state the offices legislature Commission of disqualification of 232 at both after the the commencement every Speaker of members five years and of of to the the the review first Deputy state session the UNIT -III legislature financial Speaker after

. Brieflydiscuss theFunctions oftheStateLegislature. 3. UNIT -III  Controls overtheExecutive     Financial Powers      Legislative powers Parliament. Themainfunctions are- as therepresentative ofthePresident. President Rule isimposed, the administration iscarriedon byof theState theGovernor recommend to the President toimpose President Rule in that State.As soon as the accordance the provisions with he of theConstitution, may, under Article 356, If Emergency Powers      Discretionary Powers The powers and The powers functionsLegislature oftheState are almostthesameasthatof the Assembly. TheMinistershave toanswerquestionsasked by themembersof The Legislature controls the Executive. The Council of Ministers is responsible to No newtaxcanbeleviedwithout thesanctionandpermissionofAssembly. can beintroducedMoney bills onlyintheLowerHouseorAssembly. The LowerHouseenjoys greater powerthanthe Upper Houseinmoneymatters. The Legislature controls thefinances oftheState. assent. Every throughpasses bill three readings. theGovernor’s an becomes Act with Then it into lawThe passingfollowsof Bill thesameprocedure, asin the union parliament. centre alsopassesalaw onthesamesubject. The State made law in a concurrent become inoperative subjectwill when the It canalsopasslaws onconcurrent subjects. per theconstitution. The LegislatureState can pass laws subjects mentioned on in all List the Stateas has lostitsmajority. in the Assembly He can dissolve theLegislative theCouncil Assembly of Ministers if He clear-cut majority toany party afterthegeneral elections. the He can leader call of any party to form ministry in the state when there is no legislative matters ofthestate. He seeksinformation from the Chief Minister relating to the administrative and He recommends for ofthePresident’s theimposition ruleinthestate. The Governor canreserve for abill theconsideration ofthepresident. the Legislature. the can Governor dismiss is the www.kalvikural.com satisfied Council that of Ministers the 233 government when it is of unable the state to prove is not the G carried confidence anga on in

Xth Std Social Science CIVICS Xth Std Social Science CIVICS 5. 4. G anga   Wide powers     Original Jurisdiction jurisdiction andpowers: by the President from time to time. At present, a high court enjoys the following              Describe thepowers Court. and functionsoftheHigh Critically examinethe functionsandpowersoftheCouncilMinisters Every High Court consists ofa Chief Justice and such other Judges as appointed President Magistrates. is more than `2000 and in criminal cases which are committed to them by the The Presidency High Courts have original jurisdiction in which the amount involved have originaljurisdiction. Only in matters of admiralty, probate, matrimonial and contempt of Court, they have bothoriginal and appellate jurisdictions. The High Courts of the Presidency towns such as Bombay, Calcutta and Madras Annual department concerned. Each minister of theCouncil of Ministers supervises, controls and coordinates the Legislative Assembly. whether ordinary the bills to beintroduced It decidesall or money bills bills in the It frames theproposal for incurringexpenditure outofstatereserves. It advisestheGovernor ontheappointmentofJudgessubordinate courts. It discussesandtakes efforts onthedisputewithotherstates It makes theimportantappointments of theHeadsDepartments. state makes headway invarious inter-related fields. It chalks outprogrammesfor and schemes changes so thatthe thesocio-economic of thestate. It important bills. It decidesthelegislative programmes oftheLegislative Assembly and sponsors all It formulates and decides the policies and of the state implements them effectively. The Council ofMinistersisresponsible onlytotheAssembly. The Council cannotvote for grants. The Assemblyhascompletecontrol over thestatefinance. The Legislative Assemblyenjoys more powersthantheLegislative Council. motion” againsttheMinistry. They controls www.kalvikural.com can

Financial be the removed financial

Statement from policy called office and as 234 if decides the the Budget Assembly the is tax finalised passes structure by a the vote for Council the of “no public

UNIT -III of confidence Ministers. welfare

UNIT -III  Court ofRecord     Control overSubordinateCourts    jurisdiction(exceptin itsterritorial courtsortribunals)Thus,it may military – Supervisory Jurisdiction   Writ Jurisdiction   Appellate Jurisdiction High court has the powerof superintendence over courts and all tribunals functioning arises. Thus,italsoactsasaCourtofRecord a record for future references by as by the Court as well the lawyers, is such a need the All decisions and decrees issued by the High Court are printed and are kept as jurisdiction. Its law is bindingsubordinate on all courts functioning territorial its within It canwithdraw acasependinginsubordinate court. discipline ofthemembersjudicialservicestate. themattersIt deals with of posting, promotion, grant ofleave, transfersand promotion ofDistrictJudges. byIt is consulted theGovernor in the mattersof appointment, posting and them. and Prescribe forms in which books, entries and accounts are tobe kept by them; proceedings ofthem. Make an issue, general rules and prescribe forms for regulating the practice and forCall returns from them d) a) rights are – issued byThe writs the Supreme Court for the enforcement of the fundamental the FundamentalRightsbutalsofor otherpurposes. The High Courts are given notonly of issuing for powers writs theenforcementof relating totheArmedForces oftheCountry. They have, however, no jurisdiction over tribunals under established the laws High Court. as Courts on as well their own. This is known as the ‘Appellate Jurisdiction’ of the High Courtsentertainappeals All in civil and criminal fromcases their subordinate Certiorari and Habeas Corpus Settle the fees www.kalvikural.com payable e) b) Quo Warranto. Mandamus to the 235 sheriff, clerks, officers c) Prohibition and legal practitioners G anga of

Xth Std Social Science CIVICS Xth Std Social Science CIVICS 2. Prepare 1. G VII Chief Minister anga Council of Ministers andtheGovernorsChiefofneighbouringStates. Students Executive Governor Ministers Project andActivity www.kalvikural.com a flowchartshowing theStateGovernment’s Administrative setup.

to list out (Upper House) Legislative the Council State Government names (SELF ACTIVITY) Legislature XG of DFD 236 (Lower House) the Legislative Assembly GW Tamil

Nadu Governor, District Courts Other Courts High Court Judiciary Chief UNIT -III Minister, 5. 4. 3. National 2. GNPequals______. 1. I ECONOMICS UNIT -I c) a) c) Ans: a) to estimatethevalueoffinalgood. a) Ans: d) c) Total value ofconsumptiongoods b) a) d) Ans: c) GDPadjustedfor inflation b) NNPadjusted for inflation a) Ans: Which onesectorishighest employment inthe GDP? ______approach is the value added by each intermediate is good summed Primary sector consist of______. Choose the Correct Choosethe Answer Service sector Service Agricultural sector Income approach Expenditure approach Agriculture Total value ofgoodsandservices Total value ofproducer goods Total value ofmoney NNP plusnetproperty incomeorabroad GDP plusnetproperty incomefrom abroad UNIT 1 Incomeisa b) Automobiles www.kalvikural.com ITS GROWTH:ITS ANINTRODUCTION GROSS PRODUCT DOMESTIC AND measure of______. BOOK EXERCISEBOOK c) GDP plus net property incomefromabroad c) GDPplusnetproperty c) d) b) d) b) Trade None oftheabove. Industrial sector National Income Value added approach 237 Ans: d)Totalvalueofgoodsandservices a)Agricultural sector b)Value addedapproach a) Agriculture d) Banking Banking G anga

Xth Std Social Science ECONOMICS Xth Std Social Science ECONOMICS 15.  14. National 13. 12. callthe TheEconomists finishedgoodsas______items. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. G

anga a) a) lakh crorein2018-19. c) a) individuals andfamilies. c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) c) a) a) ______means actual consumption by income whichcanbespenton ______isanindicator to showthe livingstandard ofpeopleinacountry. ______istheprice atwhichgoodsandservices aresoldinthemarket. Indian economyis Which oneisatrade policy?. India’s lifeexpectancyatbirthis______years. India is______larger producerinagricultural product. Gross at valuecurrent added prices forservices sectorisestimated at ______1 st 91.06 Family income Personal income Per capita Salary Net Domestic Gross Domestic Market Value Original value Untantible Raw Dual Economy Developing Economy land-reform policy irrigation policy 65 www.kalvikural.com Incomeiscommonlycalledas______Product. b) b) b) 3 rd 92.26 60 ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS c) c) c) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) 4 th 80.07 70 Interest Disposable income Savings Wages Gross National Net National Resale Value Cost addedvalue Service Tangible theaboveAll Emerging Economy wage policy import andexportpolicy 238 Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: d) d) d) b)importandexportpolicy b)Tangible a)DevelopingEconomy 2nd 98.29 55 b) Disposableincome c) Percapita Ans: Ans:

c)MarketValue d) GrossNational Ans: Ans: Ans: a)65 d) 2nd b) 92.26 UNIT -I 1. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 17. 16. III  II

UNIT -I ______Ans: Ans: report. ‘Poverty Rule andUn-British OfIndia’. rapid economicgrowth ofGDP. ______a) a) ii) Poor performance andless contributionofpublic sector. i) The rate ofsavingislow inIndiaforthefollowing reason Tertiary isalsoknownas sector GDP measures only Agriculture sectorisknownas The GDPincludesonly the goodsandservicessold inthe The In India, the GDPismeasured bothannuallyand For India is India is as called sectorotherwise Secondary GDP istheindicatorof Indian economyisbroadly dividedinto______sectors. Gross DomesticProduct (GDP)representsthe______healthofacountry. Fill in the blanks inthe Fill Choose the Correct Choosethe Statement Low per capita income. Low percapita Two Public the modern ______first time, concept isanapt tooltomeasure thereal development inaneconomy. policyenvisages rapid modernization industrialization forwith attaining thegrowth sectoris engine ofIndian economy. largest sectoris sectorinIndia. b) b) ______Three Personal www.kalvikural.com fastest growing nationofthe world. largest economy oftheworld. of ______ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS GDP was ______had ascertained thePer Capital Income in his book c) c) butnotquality. first Four Economic economy. ______239 developed sector. sector. Human DevelopmentIndex(HDI) ______by d) d) . ______Five Physical

______Ans: . Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: DadabhaiNavroji for a US Congress Service Quantity Primary SimonKusnets Liberalisation Third Service Industrial country’s Serive Quarterly Fifth c) Economic Market . b) Three G anga

Xth Std Social Science ECONOMICS Xth Std Social Science ECONOMICS . Define Nationalincome. 1. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. G IV V anga c) Ans: a)   Ans: Ans: Ans: LPG Gross DomesticProduct Disposable income ProductNet Domestic ProductNet National Irrigation Policy Mahbub ul Haq Cement Fishing Banking C +IG +(X-M) Per income capita GST Price policy Electricity/Gas andWater iv) Savings potentialof therural sectornottappedfully. iii) Poor contributionof householdsector. Give Answer Short Following Match the i), ii), iii) andiv)are correct i), ii) andiv)are correct Dividend. Commonly National Income as is Grosscalled National Product(GNP) or National an economy over aperiodoftime,normallyyear’. ‘National Income is a measure ofthetotalvalue of goods and producedservices by www.kalvikural.com ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS ------– – – – – d) b) e) d) c) b) a) e) d) c) b) a) e) d) c) b)  a) C +IG(X–M) GDP -Depreciation GNP -Depreciation New EconomicPolicy PI –Direct Taxes Human Development Index Primary Sector Tertiary Sector Agricultural policy Sector Secondary Tax ongoods andservice Agriculture Industry sector Gross national product (Gross DomesticProduct) National income/Population i), ii) andiv)are correct i), ii) andiii) are correct 240 1 -c),2d),3a),4e),5b) 1 -c),2d),3a),4e),5b) 1 -c),2d),3e),4a),5b) a) i),ii)andiv)arecorrect UNIT -I . Namethe sectorscontribute totheGDPwithexamples. 6. Definethevalueadded approachwithexample. 5. 4. 3. 2. UNIT -I  are- Indian economy is broadly divided into threewhich sectors contribute to the GDP. They   Example:               What isper capitaincome? Write the importance ofGrossdomesticproduct. What ismeant byGross DomesticProduct? Primary Sector (Agricultural Primary Sector It isknown as primarysector. Sector): Itincludes known asValue addedapproach. powder, by eachintermediategood used toproduce Eachintermediategood, the tea it. One way to measure themarket value of thecup of teais to add the value produced (teapowder,it milk, andsugar)are “intermediategoods”. called A us thetotalvalue ofthefinalgoodsproduced intheeconomy. The sum ofthevalue added bythe intermediategoods usedin all production gives summed toestimatethevalue ofthefinalgood. In the value-added approach, thevalue added by eachintermediate good is Per Income capita =NationalIncome /Population population ofacountry. of people in a country. It is obtained by dividing the National Income by the Per Income capita oroutputperpersonis an indicator to show theliving standard Guide toeconomicplanning. Public Sector. Estimate thepurchasing power. Comparison withdeveloped countriesoftheworld. Problems ofinflationand deflation. Unequal distributionofwealth. Study ofEconomicGrowth. It represents ofacountry theeconomichealth and It represent asumofcountry’s production purchases which consists ofall ofgoods country. produced by thefactorsof production the geographicalwithin boundaries of the Gross Product Domestic (GDP)is the totalvalue of output of goods and services Agriculture, fishing, mining,etc. cup services of milk tea used served and www.kalvikural.com by sugar, to individuals, you adds in a value hotel firms, 241 to is foreigners a the “final final good”. and output, the The government the goods cup used of G tea. bodies. to anga produce This is

Xth Std Social Science ECONOMICS Xth Std Social Science ECONOMICS 9. 8. 7. G anga                  Write the nameofEconomicpoliciesinIndia. What are thefactors supporting todevelopthe IndianEconomy? Write the sectorwisein 2017. IndianGDPcomposition vii) vi) v) iv) iii) ii) i) otherpoliciesinIndiaSome are- developing economy intheworld. The primaryobjective ofthismodel was tomake theeconomy ofIndia the fastest Privatisation andGlobalisation model. The newmodel of economic reforms is commonly known as theLPGorLiberalisation, growth ofthecountryinasignificantmanner. The sufficient. Industrial policy leadstomodernisation makesand ultimately the economy self Agricultural Wage costsare lowinIndia. It hasastrong legalsystemandmany English-language speakers. India hasfast-growing populationofworkingage. average. world’s average. Contribution of Industryis sector lower than and world’sServices is 8. Contribution of Agriculturein sector Indian economy is much higher than In Industrial sector, India world rank sector, is 6and in Service India world rank India accounts for 7.39 percent oftotalglobalagricultural output. India is2ndlarger producer ofagriculture product. Industry sectoraccountsforServices 52.08%oftotalIndia’s GVA. sectoristhelargestServices sectorofIndia. scientific research, postal,teaching,banking,etc. Tertiarysector. Itis known as Service Sector): (Service It includes Government, and Paper industries. areand commodities produced by transforming the raw materials.Ex.Iron, Cement (Industrial Sector in Itis secondary sectorswhich Secondary the goods Sector): Population Policy Wage Policy andMonetaryPolicyFiscal Currency Policy andBanking Employment policy Import andExportpolicy andDomesticTrade Policy. Trade Policy www.kalvikural.com economic sector

policy

reforms contributes with the introduced goal 29.03%.

of achieving 242 in Agriculture 1990s a specific had and outcome influenced allied in sector agricultural the overall shares

UNIT -I production. economic 17.09%. 1. 1)GrossNationalHappiness(GNH) 10. VI UNIT -I as Gross NationalProduct(GNP) orNationalDividend. an economy over a period of time, a normally year’. Commonly National Income is called       Human Development Index (HDI):     Gross NationalHappiness: Briefly explain various termsassociatedwithmeasuring ofnationalincome. Write ashort note Answer inDetail 2) HumanDevelopmentIndex(HDI) ‘National Income isameasure ofthetotalvalue producedof goodsand services by and 2017. India’s 11 years, even with more significantgainsinexpectedyears ofschooling. 1990 and 2017,Between India’s lifeat birth too increased expectancy by nearly achievement ofpeopleoutpoverty. millions inlifting increase of nearly 50 percent – and an indicator of the country’s remarkable 1990 and 2017,Between India’s HDIvalue increased from 0.427 to 0.640, an rankings released by Nationsthe United Development Programme (UNDP). India climbed onespotto130outof189countries in thelatest humandevelopment purchasing powerparity. and standard ofliving measured function asalogarithmic of GDP, adjustedto index of lifeThe HDIisacomposite at birth,literacyadult expectancy rate the HumanDevelopment Index (HDI). In 1990 Mahbub ul Haq, a Pakistani Nations, introducedEconomist attheUnited diversity andresilience, andliving standards. cultural diversity and resilience, good governance, community vitality, ecological The nine domainsare of GNH psychological timeuse,education, health, well-being, culture; and4)goodgovernance. development; 2) environmental conservation; 3) preservation and promotion of The four ofGNH’s pillars are 1)sustainable socio-economic and equitable values asexpressed inthe9dominsandhappiness4pillars ofGNH. as thegoal of governance, by emphasizing harmony nature with and traditional GNH is distinguishable from Gross DomesticProduct by valuing collective happiness ofapopulation. well-being It includes an index which is usedtomeasureBhutan. thecollective happiness and Gross National Happiness ( GNH) is a philosophy that guides the government of GNI per www.kalvikural.com capita has increased 243 by a staggering 266.6 % between G anga 1990

Xth Std Social Science ECONOMICS Xth Std Social Science ECONOMICS G anga i) Terms associatedwithmeasuringofNationalIncome: vii) vi) v) iv) iii) ii) Transfer payment). Income households ofacountryfrom possiblesources all before direct taxes. Per Income capita =NationalIncome /Population. It isobtainedby dividingthe NationalIncome by thepopulationofacountry. of peopleinacountry. Per Income capita oroutputperpersonis an indicator to show theliving standard NDP =GDP−Depreciation tear andwearexpenses(depreciation) Product isobtained from theGrossProduct Domestic by deducting the Quantum of from Gross NationalProduct. (NNP=GNP−Depreciation) to depreciation. country. produced by thefactorsof production the geographicalwithin boundaries of the NFIA X-M G I C GNP earned from invested capital abroad. income Gross Product National (GNP): Disposable Income (DI): Personal Income (PI): Per Income Capita (PCI): ProductNet Domestic (NDP): ProductNet National (NNP): Gross DomesticProduct (GDP): Disposable income means actual income which can bespenton consumption Therefore, personal income canbeexpressedas follows (PI= NI corporate Personal income is the totalmoneyincome received by individuals and Product Domestic Net (NDP)is a part ofGrossProduct, Domestic Domestic Net We arrivedNational Product theNet by (NNP) deducting thevalue of depreciation National Net Product (NNP)is arrived by making regardsome adjustment with Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the totalvalue of output of goods and services Gross National Product is the total value of (goods and services) produced and www.kalvikural.com received Taxes ======Net Factor Income from Abroad) Export –Import Government Expenditure Investment Consumption C +IG(X–M) +NFIA) − in Undistributed a year

by

domestic corporate 244 residents profits − of social a country. security It includes contribution UNIT -I profits + 3. 2. UNIT -I  (Agriculturali) PrimarySector Sector): Agriculture activity, andallied Industry andServices. Indian economy is broadly divided into threewhich contribute totheGDPnamely sectors added approach milk by each intermediate good used to produce Each it. intermediate good, the tea powder, One way to measure themarket value of thecup is of tea to add the value produced  Example:   iii) measuring GDP(Y)isY=wages +rent +interest +profit women whoare involved in producing the goods and Theincome approachservices. to ii) expenditure are showninthisequation:Y=C+IG(X−M) and In i) Methods ofcalculatingGDP: used by individuals,firms,foreigners andthegoverning bodies. a sum of a country’s production which purchasesconsists of all of goods and services Gross DomesticProduct (GDP)represents ofacountry.the economichealth It represents  Write about thecompositionofGDPinIndia. What are themethods ofcalculatingGrossDomestic Product?Explainthem This method fromlooks at GDP the perspective of the earnings of themen and services and Primary Sector (AgriculturalPrimary Sector Itisknownasprimarysector. Sector): (teapowder,it milk, andsugar)are “intermediategoods”. called A us thetotalvalue ofthefinalgoodsproduced intheeconomy. The sum ofthevalue added bythe intermediategoods usedin all production gives summed toestimatethevalue ofthefinalgood. In the value-added approach, thevalue added by eachintermediate good is ( X−M)=ExportsMImports G =Government Expenditure C =ConsumptionIInvestment GDP =C+IG(X−M) It canbeexpressed asDPI=PI−Direct Taxes. by individualsandfamilies mining, corn,coal,etc. In Value-Added Approach: The Income Approach: Expenditure Approach: this cup this, sugar, method, of produced agricultural tea adds A cupoftea. served the www.kalvikural.com value GDP in to operations the

is to you measured country the in final a

hotel are during 245 output, by undertaken. is adding a a “final the specified the cup good”. expenditure It of

period. includes tea. The This goods The on Agriculture, is all different used known the G to final anga as types produce fishing, goods Value of

Xth Std Social Science ECONOMICS Xth Std Social Science ECONOMICS 4. G anga iii) Tertiary Sector): (Service   (Industrialii) SecondarySector Sector):   Write the differencesbetweenthegrowthand development. Techniques Measurement Distribution Wealth Government Aid Occurrence Frequency of Techniques Measurement Applicability Term /Tenure Scope Nature ofApproach Concept Meaning Definition/ Information Technology etc.. trade, postal and telegraph, Education, Entertainment, HealthcareBanking, and It Tertiary sectorisknownasservicesector. Paper, Petrochemical, automobile scaleindustries. andothersmall Important industries are Iron and Steel industry, cotton Jute, textile, Sugar, Cement, produced by transforming theraw materials. Industrialin which arethe goodsand is secondarysectors commodities sector Heads includes www.kalvikural.com Government income Increase in national income people. among its equal distribution of wealth/ emphasize on the fair and Economic growth does not or intervention government support/aid It may notrequire In period a certain of time income Increase in national Developed nation Short terminnature like GDP, GNP,FDI,FIIetc. parameters in Rise Quantitative innature concept “Narrower” Economic growth is the particular timeperiod of aneconomyina output in the quantitative change positive It isthe Economic Growth service, 246 scientific research, It considerstherisein the output per capita income per capita Increasein real national income i.e. individual. among all distribution equitable of wealth It focuses on a balanced and intervention ispossible. changes. So, government It includes widespread policies Continuous process income per capita Increasein real national income i.e. Developing economies Long-term innature mortality rateandpovertyetc. rate, infant in literacy improvement infant, rate, expectancy life in Rise Qualitative innature concept “Broader” Economic development is the overall happinessindex ofanation. advancement in technology and considers a rise in living standards, advancement ofHDIindex which in an economy the along with Economic Development transport, communication, UNIT -I 6. 5. UNIT -I  i) Agriculture policy: important economicpolicies are- independence for increasing rate ofeconomicgrowth and economic development. The 3. 2. 1.          Explain thefollowingeconomicpolicies Explain thedevelopmental pathbasedonGDP and employment. Many Economic Policies have been framed by the Government ofIndia since New Economicpolicy Industrial policy Agricultural Policy domestic agriculture and importsofforeign agricultural products. Agricultural policy is the setofgovernment decisions and actions relating to regulated thanheavy industry. India went more quickly from agriculturethat tend to be toservices less tightly India has followed a different path of development from many other countries. to a71%figure for lowermiddleincomecountries. The Life have doubledin12years. rising incomes andper capita a reduction in absolute poverty. Per incomes capita India has sustained rapid growthfor ofGDP mostofthelasttwodecadesleading to welfare. government was thesoleprotectorof thepeople and would work towards social industries were regulations subjecttostrict and standards. It was believed that the The wasit oftheIndian landscape. Rural development was also given importancein India, for theimportantconstituent rural development and a partofthedevelopment pathofIndia. destroyedresource its base completely. Poverty came asan outcome of mitigation India a poverty-strickeninherited economy from rule, which had the British workforce size. was tomake up for arising population and lacking jobs toabsorbtheincreased A thrust was given toemployment generation under the Five Year plans. This Indian economy. free trade and liberalized economy its byforeign allowing the companies to enter This products andcompanies. was togive athrusttodomesticindustries and reduce dependenceon foreign In the expectancy literacy outlook public development rate sector continued at www.kalvikural.com for birth the path was population till is of given 65 1991 India, years when significant 247 it aged and first India 44% 15 undertook years importance, of finally children and decided the above policy under Private to is of only 5 open are closed companies 63% malnourished. G its trade. borders anga compared This and to

Xth Std Social Science ECONOMICS Xth Std Social Science ECONOMICS . Students 2. 1. G VII anga    compare theotherstateofKarnatakaandKerala’s GDP.     iii) NewEconomicPolicy     ii) Industrial Policy: Students Project andActivity in asignificantmanner. These developing economy. The primaryobjective ofthismodel was tomake theeconomy ofIndia the fastest Privatisation andGlobalisation model. This new model of economic reforms is commonly known as the LPG or Liberalisation, the 1990s. The industrial policy andIndustrial Labourpolicy. Industry policy, Sugar Industry policy, Price policy of industrial growth, scale Small Since 1948, several industrial policies are introduced in India. For example, Textile closely related tothedevelopment oftrade. the agricultural(new farmingsector technology) and sector.the service It is also In fact, industrial development evenof the economy boosts othersectors like and ultimatelymakes theeconomy self-sufficient. It creates employment, promotes research and development, leads to modernization Industrial development isavery importantaspectofany economy. Irrigation policy, Food policy, Agricultural LabourPolicy andCo-operative policy. AgriculturalSome policies are Pricepolicy, land reform policy, Green Revolution, development, andmarket access for domesticcommodities. stability , natural resources and environmental sustainability research and of agricultureThe challenges include risk management and adjustment, economic specific outcomeinthedomesticagricultural product markets. Governments implementusually agricultural thegoal of achieving policies with a www.kalvikural.com economy aretocollect thedetailsofEmployment growthofTamil Nadu. are economic to collect of reforms India the had had Gross (SELF ACTIVITY) (SELF ACTIVITY) undergone

XG influenced DFD 248 Domestic GW significant the overall Product policy economic data shifts growth of in Tamil the of beginning the UNIT -I Nadu country and of 8. 7. roundheld GATT’sfirst in______. 6. 5. WhofirstcametoIndia fortradingpurpose? 4. 3. 2. 1. UNIT -II I ECONOMICS a) a) a) a) c) a) d) Ans: c) b) a) a) c) a) c) Who grantedtheEnglish“goldenFireman”in1632? India signedtheDunketproposalin______. When didPortuguese colonizeIndia? Colonial adventinIndia How many countries is membership inWTOat present? Who isthe headoftheWorldTrade Organisation (WTO) Choose the Correct Choosethe Answer Jahangir 1984 Tokyo 1600 BC Dutch Roman Empire Danish, Portuguese, French, English, Dutch Portuguese ,Danish,Dutch,French, English Dutch, English, Danish,French Portuguese, Dutch,English, Danish,French 159 Deputy Director General Ministerial conference Akbar UNIT 2 b) b) b) b) 1976 Uruguay 1602 BC 164 www.kalvikural.com GLOBALIZATION AND TRADE BOOK EXERCISEBOOK a) Portuguese,Dutch, English,Danish,French c) c) c) c) b) d) b) d) b) d) 1950 Torquay 1498 BC 148 Sultan ofGolconda Sultan Danish Portuguese None ofthese Director General Aurangzeb 249

d) d) d) d) 1994 Geneva 1616 BC 128 Ans: Ans:

a)RomanEmpire b) DirectorGeneral Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: d)Geneva c)1498BC b)Sultanof d)1994 b) 164 G anga

Xth Std Social Science ECONOMICS Xth Std Social Science ECONOMICS 1. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 2. G II anga c) a) a) a) c) a) Golconda a) a) a) ______. a) c) a) c) a) The Dutchcaptured Pondicherry in______. Globalization hadledto______degradation. Act waspassedinForeign ExchangeRegulation ______. (Puducherry)wastheheadquartersPondicherry ofthe______traders. andmaritimeIndia’s coastal tradewasmonopolized bythe______. _____ Globalization was characterized maritime by therise of European Empires. Portuguese stated establishing trading posts (factories) from Africa to Asia and The ______Golden Age wasanimportantearly stateofglobalization. Globalization istheintegration ofa countrywith theworld______. wasIndian government introduced______in1991 Foreign Investmentpolicy______. (FIP)announcedin A better economy introduce rapid development of the ______. Fill in the blanks inthe Fill Environmental Atmosphere 1970 French July- Aug-1991 June 1991 Romans Archaic South Africa Mughals Economy History New EconomicPolicy Globalization www.kalvikural.com b) b) b) b) b) b) 1974 Portuguese Egyptians Proto Egypt Islamic ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS c) c) c) c) c) c) d) b) d) b) d) b) d) b) 1990 Dutch Europeans Modern Argentina Christian Political Law andorder Aug 1991 July 1991 Environment Civilization none World Trade Organisation 250 Ans: Ans:

d) d) d) d) d) d) c)NewEconomicPolicy c)July-Aug.1991 2001 British Chinese World Brazil Greece Ans: Ans: c)Economy c) Environmental Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: 1693AD Nation. a)French c)Europeans b)Proto d)Brazil b)Islamic b) 1974 UNIT -II 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Nanadesiswerea iii) Merchantsofthe ii) 1. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. TheEastIndia Company fortified built factory inMadras which knownas______. 3. III IV UNIT -II c) a) Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: Ans: WTO 8th Uruguay Round GATT MNC corporationMultination inIndia i) Foreign Exchange Management Actwas passedin ______. Queen Elizabeth granted ChartertotheEastIndia Company on______. Vasco da Gama, Portuguese landedatCalicut sailor on______. Nakavars andGavares, thetrade guilds metonlyin the______premises. The termGlobalization was introduced by Professor ______French East India company secondfactory established at______. The termglobalization invented by ______. WTO agreement cameintoforce from ______. Match the Following Match the Correct Choosethe Statement i) andiii) are correct d) i) iscorrect b) Trade andlateraddedcotton,silk,Indigo. The East Indian Company specially East The Indiantoparticipate Spice in theEast Indian www.kalvikural.com DutchEastIndiaCompanyfirstestablishedatCalicut ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS guildoftradersatthetime ofHoysala Empire - - - - - i), ii) andiii) are correct ii) andiii) are correct e) d) c) b) a) 1986 Infosis Minimize costofproduction enforce international trade 1947 251 1 -d),2c),3a), 4-e),5b) Ans: Ans: 17thMay1498. Masulipatanam January,1,1995 Theodore Levitt Pro. TheodoreLevitt Fort St.George 31st Dec.1600. Temple Ans: Ans: 1999. a) i) is correct G anga

Xth Std Social Science ECONOMICS Xth Std Social Science ECONOMICS 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. G V anga                 The types ofglobalization are-   What are thereforms madetoadoptglobalization? Short note:TheDutchinSouthIndia. Write short noteonMultinational Corporation. Write the typesofglobalization. What isglobalization? Give Answers Short the in 1659. The Dutch traders acquired Nagapatnam on the Tanjore coast from the Portuguese rawBengal silk. by exported The majorcommodities theDutchwere indigo, pepperand salt, Pulicut. Itwas the headquartersoftheDutchinIndia. In theking of Chandragiri,1610, theynegotiated with found another factoryat Pettapoli (Nizamapatanam),Devanampatinam. In 1605, Admiral van der Hagen Dutch Factoryestablished at Masulipatnam and Dutch EastIndia company was formed 1602. (MNE). as TransnationalIt is also called Corporation or Multinational Enterprise (TNC) production in of goods or services at leastone home country otherthan country.its NationalMulti Corporation is acorporateorganization which owns orcontrols Modern Globalization Proto Globalization Archaic Globalization Globalization istheintegration ofacountrywiththeworldeconomy. Under globalization, the international markets for goods and areservices integrated. even labourorhumancapital. creating Globalization is the processof integrating various economies of theworld without Foreign exchanges regulations were amended suitably and by reducing importduties Foreign privateby sector making rupee convertible on trade, on current account Fixation ofarealistic exchange rate ofrupeetoexchange exportsofIndian goods Reduction inthenumberofindustriesreserved for public sector. ofIndustrialAbolition licensing except for afew industries www.kalvikural.com any barriers in the free flow 252 of goods and services, technology, UNIT -II capital and 9. 8. Writeany fiveprinciplesofFairTradePractices. 7. 6. UNIT -II     TRIPs:                    Write short noteonTRIPs andTRIMs. What isthe mainobjective ofWTO? What isFair Trade? Trips agreement covers seven areas ofintellectual’s property rights i.e. Copy fieldsofindustrial technologies. in all Under TRIPs Patent be shall available for any invention whether product or process Value”. Intellectual TRIP meansTrade Related aspectsofIntellectual Property rights. To ensure full employment andbroad increase ineffective demand. To increase thetransparency ofdecisionmaking processes. Trade. To ensure thatdeveloping countries, secure abettershare ofgrowth in world Introduction thesustainabledevelopment andenvironment cangotogether. To resolve trade disputes. To provide aforum for negotiatingandmonitoring further trade liberalization. To setandenforce rulesfor internationaltrade. Respect for theEnvironment Providing Capacity andPromoting Building Fair Building Ensuring nochild Labour and Forced Labour Fair Trading Practices andPayment ofaFair Price. Transparency andAccountability Creating Opportunitiesfor Disadvantaged Economically producers and protecting theenvironment inwhichtheylive andwork It’s aboutsupporting the development ofthriving farming and worker communities for farmers andworkers. Fair trade is about betterprices, decentworking and conditions fair of tradeterms buyers ofagricultural commoditiesandhand-madecrafts. Fair Trade is a set ofbusiness practicesvoluntarily adopted by the producers and It aimstoempowerconsumermake purchases thatsupporttheirvalues. active partoftheworldMarket place. Fair Trade is a way of doing aimsbusiness tokeepthat ultimately farmers small an The StatutoryLiquidity Ratio (SLR)was reduced toincrease lendingby RBI. rights, Trade Market, Trade Secrets, Industrial Design, Geographical appellations Property www.kalvikural.com Right may be 253 defined as “Information with a G commercial anga

Xth Std Social Science ECONOMICS Xth Std Social Science ECONOMICS 3 Writethe 13. Whatare 12. 11. 10. G anga   TRIMs:                     Mention the reforms made toadoptglobalization. Write the positiveimpact ofGlobalization. their business agenda with capital. their businessagendawith capital. MNC breach ethical standards, accusing them ofevading ethical laws and leveraging downfall andlocalbusiness. ofsmaller The introduction of MNC in toa host country’s economy may also lead to the They are alsoadetrimentaleffect ontheenvironment. They are away for thecorporations todevelop amonopoly. Spurring jobgrowth inthelocaleconomies MNCs are abletotake advantage oftaxvariation. MNC reduce pricesandincrease thePurchasing power of consumersworldwide Producing thesamequality ofgoodsatlowercostandwithout transaction cost The StatutoryLiquidity Ratio (SLR)was reduced toincrease lendingby RBI. Foreign exchanges regulations were amended suitably and by reducing importduties. Foreign privateby sector making rupee convertible on trade, on current account Fixation of arealistic exchange rate ofrupeetoexchangeof Indian exports goods. Reduction inthenumberofindustriesreserved for public sector. of industriallicensingAbolition except for afew industries. Investment. It Globalization increasing theGDPofacountry. Introduced newtechnologiesandscientificresearch patterns. Globalization rapidly increase better trade sothatmore peopleare employed. Standard oflivinghasincreased. A better economy introduces rapid development market. ofthecapital to give adequateprovisions for thehomeindustriestodevelop imposed by a government in respectof foreign investmentin the countryin order The Uruguay Round Agreement on TRIMs refers (or) tocertainconditions restrictions TRIM meansTrade Related Investment Measures. Integrated circuits andPatents. helps www.kalvikural.com theadvantages ofMNC? disadvantage ofMNC. to increase ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS in free

flow 254 of goods and also to increase Foreign UNIT -II Direct . Writebriefly thehistory ofglobalization. 1. VI UNIT -II    Modern Globalization:    Proto Globalization:       Archaic Globalization:    background ofglobalization canbediscussedonthree stages.  Answer Questions briefly The term of ‘Globalization’ The term was introduced by Pro. Theodore Levitt. Thehistorical by multinationalfirms. production, a growth ofthe trade in and services the riseofproduction and trade The global trade in 20 20th century. There form. the adventThe 19th century witnessed ofglobalization approaching modern its Africa toAsia andBrazil. In 16th century, Portuguese establishing started trading posts [factories] from Dutch EastIndia Company East In the 17thcentury, globalization became private business phenomenon like British empires. and British in The Proto - globalization was charterized by European the riseofmaritime empires, globalization. These Pre-modern phase of global exchange are sometimesknown as archaic The advent oftheMongol Empire greatly facilitated travel alongtheSilk Road. The Islamic GoldenAgewas alsoanimportantearlystageofglobalization. inspired thedevelopment ofSilkRoad. empire and the Han Dynasty made the commercial powers linksthese between An early form of globalisation in the trade link Roamanbetween Empire, Parthian India toSpainwith like cities Alexandria,Athens, etc. This globalization focused around the urban centres ofGreeceand stretched from Age. existed duringHellenistic Archaic globalization is an early form ofglobalized economicsand culture that State –3ModernGlobalization Stage –2Proto Globalization Stage –1Archaic Globalization Agreement onTariffs andTrade [GATT] andWorld Trade Organization [WTO]. Multinational trade contracts and agreements have been signed, like the General the India 16th are significant and Company 17th www.kalvikural.com centuries, differences described th century shows a higher share of trade in merchant first as between 255 the the Portugues first the multinational globalization and Spanish company in the Empires, 19th G and and and anga the Dutch in first the

Xth Std Social Science ECONOMICS Xth Std Social Science ECONOMICS 3. Brieflyexplain theevolution ofMNCanditsadvantages anddisadvantages. 2. G anga  Evolution ofMNC: production ofgoodsorservicesinatleastonecountryotherthanits homecountry. Vasco do Gama had for reaching repercussions on the civilized world. India’s coastal and European TradersinSouthIndia    Early Traders and thePallavas. culture was Indianlands. to other exported South trade was dominated by the Cholas expand their trading Tradeactivities. guilds become channels through which Indian        Explain thetradeand tradersinSouthIndia. Multi Multi National Corporation is a corporate organization which owns or controls The discovery ofa new sea route from Europe to India Via cape ofGood Hope by IndianSouthern trade guilds were formed by merchants in order toorganize and premises. tradeSome guilds, such as theNakaras and Gavares, met only in the temple Nakaras, Mummuridandas,Ayyavole -500Settis, Gavaras, Birudas, etc.. Several trade guilds operated in medieval India Southern such astheGatrigas, stone decorative objectsfor trade and alsocotton Asia. toSoutheast textile In the year 1053AD(CE), the Kalinga traders (Modern Orissa) brought red colored process. technological exploit developments tomanufacture newproducts and discover new their huge resources, theMNCs are able to invest in research and development and They purchase the bestbrains in these countriesand resort tounfair practices. With flow offund across internationalboundaries. They thenacquirein enormous powers host countries,which smoothens thefree percent inAsiaticcountriesand22percent inAfrican countries. The Americanmultinationals realizesubstantial returns quite of 34 totheextent and Japan. held 14.5GreatBritain percentfollowed by France, Federal Republic ofGermany corporations. of foreign directInvestment. 11ofthe15largest multinationals are American In 1971, the American Corporations held 52 percentof thetotalworldstock USA, UK,France andGermany. However, thelargest isAmerican. Most of the MNC’s at present belong to the four major exporting countries viz., slowly entered manufacturing andservicesectorsafter1950s. industries or control raw materialsin the hostcountriesduring 1920s and then Like throughout dominant. thecountrytobecomepolitically The EastIndia Company cametoIndia as a trading company net and then its www.kalvikural.com East India Company, these multinationals 256 first start their activities in UNIT -II extractive UNIT -II     The French:    The Danes:      The BritishCompany:     The DutchinSouthIndia:    The Portuguese: trademaritime was monopolized by theEuropeans. After 1742, motivespolitical began to overshadow the desire for commercial gain In 1701,Pondicherry becametheheadquartersofFrench. In 1693,theDutchcaptured Pondicherry butwas handedbacktotheFrench. from theSultanofGolconda. The their India settlements totheBritish. They failed to strengthen themselves in India and in 1845, were forced all tosell was theheadquartersofDanesinIndia. The Danish settlements were at Tranguebar established (in Tamil nadu) in 1620. It The Danesformed anEastIndia company andarrived India in1616. Later, Madras becametheheadquartersofEnglishsettlements. Fort St.George. In trade freely intheir“KingdomPorts”. The of Golconda Sultan granted permission in 1632 by which they were to allowed establishedatMasulipatnam coast,theEnglish in1611. On theSouth-eastern Company. On 31 in 1659. The Dutch traders acquired Nagapatnam on the Tanjorefrom coast the Portuguese Pulicut. Itwas the headquartersoftheDutchinIndia. In theking of Chandragiri,1610, theynegotiated with found another factoryat (Nizamapatanam) andDevanampatinam. In 1605, they DutchFactoryestablished at Masulipatnam and Pettapoli Dutch EastIndia company was formed 1602. Cochin was ofthePortuguese theearlycapital inIndia. Cannanore. da Gama in 1502 led of tradingto theestablishment station at CalicutCochin and The arrival of Pedro Alvarez Cabral in 1500AD (CE) and the second trip of Vasco 17 The Portuguese under the leadership of Vasco da Gama landed at Calicut on the in theSettlements oftheEast. th 1639, May, 1498. first st December, 1600, Queen grantedElizabeth theChartertoTheEastIndia French they www.kalvikural.com factory built in a India fortified was 257 established factory in in Madras 1668 by which obtaining is G known permission anga as

Xth Std Social Science ECONOMICS Xth Std Social Science ECONOMICS 5. 4. G anga present, 164countriesenrolled asthemembersofWTO. January 1, 1995. The headquarters of the WTO in is situated Geneva, Switzerland. At to this effectwas signed by 104 members. The WTO Agreementcame into force from 1994. It paved the way for setting up of the World Trade Organisation. An agreement TheFinal Act oftheUruguay Round was signed by membernations of GATT in April    Challenges ofGlobalization international markets for goodsandservicesare integrated. creating   TRIMs:     TRIPs:        Objectives oftheW.T.O: Write the challenges of Globalization. Write about theWorld TradeOrganisation. Globalization is the processof integrating various economies of theworld without in wages, labourright,andemployment practice. The industrial world that increased lead global in will competition race tothebottom The fear thatglobalization leadstoinstability inthedeveloping world. The to give adequateprovisions for thehomeindustriestodevelop imposed by a government in respectof foreign investmentin the countryin order The Uruguay Round Agreement on TRIMs refers (or) tocertainconditions restrictions TRIM meansTrade Related Investment Measures. Integrated circuits andPatents. rights, Trade Market, Trade Secrets, Industrial Design, Geographical appellations Trips agreement covers seven areas ofintellectual’s property rights i.e. Copy fieldsofindustrialtechnologies. in all Under TRIPs Patent be shall available for any invention whether product or process Value”. Intellectual TRIP meansTrade Related aspectsofIntellectual Property rights. To ensure full employment andbroad increase ineffective demand. To increase thetransparency ofdecisionmaking processes. Trade. To ensure thatdeveloping countries, secure abettershare ofgrowth in world Introduction thesustainabledevelopment andenvironment cangotogether. To resolve trade disputes. To provide aforum for negotiatingandmonitoring further trade liberalization. To setandenforce rulesfor international trade. any benefits www.kalvikural.com barriers Property of globalization in the Right free extend may flow be 258 of to goods all defined countries and as services. that “Information will not Under happen with globalization, a automatically. commercial UNIT -II the . Write about thebeneficiaries ofFairtradepractices. 7. Whatare 6. UNIT -II  Consumer: Beneficiaries ofFairtradepractices: environment inwhichtheylive andwork. and worker communitiesthathave more central over their futures and protecting the for farmersand workers. It’s about supporting the development ofthriving farming Fair trade is about better prices, decentworking and conditions fairof trade terms products andsuperiordesignsofexisting products. Product innovations: whichthesefirmspossesascomparedsuperiorities tonationalcompanies. to participatein their industrial development is on account of the technological Technological superiorities: international resources. markets.external capital international ofits reputation, Because is able it to raise more It Financial Superiorities: adopt more effective advertising andsalespromotion techniques. It Marketing superiorities: activatesits beyond thephysical boundariesofthecountryinwhichit isincorporate. Expansion ofMarket territory: production ofgoodsorservicesinatleastonecountryotherthanits homecountry.      enjoys A MNCs have research and development engaged in the taskofdeveloping new The main reason why MNCs have beenencouraged by theunderdeveloped countries Multi National Corporation is a Corporate organization which owns or controls As multinational Consumer support enables Fair Trade Organisation to beadvocatesand comparing Globalization hasledtoenvironmental degradation. spread ofdiseases. People consuming started more junk food. It led to thedegradation and of health Globalization hasledtoanincrease suchaschildlabourandslavery. inactivities Globalization hasresulted theembarrassment. with It leadstoglobalimbalance. for wider reform ofInternational trading rules. has the financial market thereasons operations reputation firm resources www.kalvikural.com enjoys of forthegrowthofMNC? ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS large

and and a number sized faces a high firm 259 less of level expand, marketing difficulty of funds it superiorities seeks in utilization. selling more its and over It products. has more the easier national G extension Because, anga access firms. of of it

Xth Std Social Science ECONOMICS Xth Std Social Science ECONOMICS 3. 2. 1. G VII anga  Trader/companies:   in Indiaanditsproductspictures. map andkalingatrademap,etc) album. (South Indiantrade andtraders images, and silk route map, spice route    Producers:  Students are collect the picture of various Multinational corporation companies Students are collect the images regarded tothe globalization and make the Teacher and students arediscussabouttheglobalization. Project andActivity of farmers andworkers. Partnership (Producersare involved in decisions theirfuture). TheEmpowerment excluded from market. Marketaccess that enable buyers to trade producers with whowould be otherwise Stable pricescover thecostsofsustainableproduction. impact. Fair trade offers companies a credible way toensure thattheirtrade hasapositive label intheworld. The Fair trade markhas become themostwidely, recognized social and development struggling toimprovestruggling theirlives. buying By Fair trade productslabelled consumerssupport producers who are They canchoosefrom aneven growing range ofgreat products. www.kalvikural.com

(SELF ACTIVITY) (SELF ACTIVITY) (SELF ACTIVITY) XG DFD 260 GW UNIT -II