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Detrital Zircon U-Pb Ages of the Uppermost Jinju Formation in the Natural Monument No. 534 ‘Tracksite of Pterosaurs, Birds, and Dinosaurs in Hotandong, Jinju’, Korea

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Detrital Zircon U-Pb Ages of the Uppermost Jinju Formation in the Natural Monument No. 534 ‘Tracksite of Pterosaurs, Birds, and Dinosaurs in Hotandong, Jinju’, Korea J. Korean Earth Sci. Soc., v. 41, no. 4, p. 367−380, August 2020 ISSN 1225-6692 (printed edition) https://doi.org/10.5467/JKESS.2020.41.4.367 ISSN 2287-4518 (electronic edition) Detrital zircon U-Pb ages of the uppermost Jinju Formation in the Natural Monument No. 534 ‘Tracksite of Pterosaurs, Birds, and Dinosaurs in Hotandong, Jinju’, Korea 1 2 3 Yong-Un Chae , Jong Deock Lim , Cheong-Bin Kim , 4 1 1, Kyung Soo Kim , Sujin Ha , and Hyoun Soo Lim * 1 Department of Geological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea 2 National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, Daejeon 34122, Korea 3 Department of Physics Education, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea 4 Department of Science Education, Chinju National University of Education, Jinju 52673, Korea Abstract: LA-MC-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating was conducted to constrain the timing of fossil formation and the depositional age of the uppermost Jinju Formation located in Natural Monument No. 534 (Tracksite of Pterosaurs, Birds, and Dinosaurs in Hotandong, Jinju), and 87 Cretaceous, 1 Precambrian, and 2 Jurassic zircons were obtained from 90 valid analytical points. Most Cretaceous zircons were found to have a youngest graphical peak age of ca. 106.5 Ma, suggesting the depositional age of the uppermost Jinju Formation. Based on this study and previous works, the average sedimentation rate of the Jinju Formation was calculated to be approximately 0.17-0.31 mm/year in the Milyang Subbasin, and the Cretaceous zircons of the uppermost Jinju Formation seem to have originated mainly from the western or northwestern parts of the Gyeonggi Massif. Unlike the Nakdong and Hasandong formations of the Sindong Group, most zircons analyzed in the uppermost Jinju Formation were Cretaceous. This suggests that volcanic activity occurred in the area closer to the Gyeongsang Basin due to the roll-back of subducting paleo-Pacific Plates during the Jinju period. Keywords: Gyeongsang Basin, Jinju Formation, Hotandong, Natural Monument, zircon U-Pb dating Introduction Museum’ has been established to display well-preserved fossils among the excavated specimens and two In Hotandong area, a large number of pterosaur, protective constructions have been installed for on-site bird, and dinosaur footprint fossils were discovered preservation of some track fossils. Diverse body and from the Jinju Formation during the development trace fossils have been reported in the Cretaceous project of the Jinju Innovation City in 2011. Among Jinju Formation (Table 1, Fig. 1). This formation is the discovered footprint fossils, the pterosaur footprints also important because the direct outcrop-scale were evaluated to be one of the best in the world in evidence of volcanic activity has been reported for the terms of preservation condition, population, density, first time in the Gyeongsang Supergroup (Choi, 1986a; and diversity. In recognition of those academic value Noh and Park, 1990; Lee and Lim, 2008). and the importance of other fossils, this site was So far, several researchers proposed the maximum designated as Natural Monument No. 534 (Tracksite depositional ages of the Jinju Formation based on the of Pterosaurs, Birds, and Dinosaurs in Hotandong, detrital zircon U-Pb dating results in different regions Jinju) in 2011. In addition, the ‘Jinju Pterosaur Tracks (Lee, Y.I. et al,. 2010; Lee, T.-H. et al., 2010; Lee et al., 2017; Lee, T.-H. et al., 2018a). In the previous *Corresponding author: [email protected] study, SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating was performed to *Tel: +82-51-510-2251 investigate the age of the fossils in the Jinju Pterosaur This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Track Museum. As a result, 3 Barremian, 21 Aptian, Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// and 9 Albian zircons were obtained from the total of creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, 35 zircons (Kim, K.S. et al., 2016). Such age provided the original work is properly cited. distribution was interpreted as a result of continuous 368 Yong-Un Chae, Jong Deock Lim, Cheong-Bin Kim, Kyung Soo Kim, Sujin Ha, and Hyoun Soo Lim Table 1. List of fossils found in the Jinju Formation, Gyeongsang Basin, Korea No Fossil (references) 1 coleopteran (Park et al., 2013) 2 plant (Kim, 2009) 3 palynomorphs (Choi, 1985; Choi and Park, 1987; Yi et al., 1994) 4 Charophytes, Conchostracans, Ostracods (Choi, 1990) 5 teeth (Yun et al., 2007) 6 molusks (Yun and Yang, 2004) 7 fish (Yabumoto et al., 2004; Kim et al., 2014) hopping mamaliform track (Kim et al., 2017), theropod track (Kim et al., 2018a), smallest raptor track (Kim et al., 2018b), lizard 8 trackway (Kim et al., 2019a), anuran trackway (Kim et al., 2019b), & crocodilian track (Lockley et al., 2020; Kim et al., 2020) 9 Ostracods (Choi and Huh, 2016; Choi et al., 2018) 10 skin impression (Kim et al., 2019c) 11 insect (Baek and Yang, 2004; Nam and Kim, 2016; Khramov et al., 2019; Sohn et al., 2019) 12 coleopteran (Park et al., 2013) 13 Isopod fossil (Park et al., 2012) 14 spider fossil (Selden et al., 2012; Park et al., 2019) 15 microbial-caddisfly bioherm (Paik, 2005) 16 Didactyl track (Kim et al., 2012) & turtle track (Kim and Lockley, 2016) 17 stromatolite (Lee and Kong, 2004; Choi, 2007) 18 trace fossil (Kim, J.Y. et al., 2000, 2002, 2005; Kim and Kim, 2008; Lee, 2017, 2018) volcanic activity, and among them, ca. 109 Ma, the Monument No. 534 is a place where more than 2,000 weighted mean age of 9 Albian zircons, was proposed pterosaur footprints and 78 pterosaur trackways with as the maximum depositional age of the Jinju various shapes and sizes discovered in 6 strata. In Formation at the site (Kim, K.S. et al., 2016). Since addition, this area is a very rare tracksite in the world this age is just the weighted mean age of 9 Albian because the preservation condition of distinct webbed zircons without enough consideration, however, it manus imprints, claw marks and phalangeal joint trace seems to be inaccurate, and the depositional age of the of pterosaur is excellent (Fig. 2, Kim, K.S. et al., Jinju Formation is still in debate. 2016). It is also paleoecologically important because In this study, we collected Jinju sandstone samples of the occurrence of various fossils, such as bird containing syndepositional volcanogenic zircons at the footprints (>1,000), dinosaur footprints (>100 theropods, Natural Monument No. 534 site, and LA-MC-ICP-MS >10 sauropods, >30 ornithopods), shellfishes, carbonized U-Pb dating was carried out to investigate the reliable trees, woods, aquatic plants, insects, crocodile footprints depositional age and track formational age of the and traces of swimming crocodiles (Kim, K.S. et al., uppermost Jinju Formation. This study is also 2016; Lockley et al., 2020). expected to provide the important information of the The Cretaceous Gyeongsang Basin is the largest potential provenance of Cretaceous zircons and nonmarine sedimentary basin in the Korean Peninsula, upward-increasing population of Cretaceous zircon in occupying a wide area in the Gyeongsang Province. It the Sindong Group. is known to have been formed by the oblique subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate, Study Area and General Geology but its formation mechanism is not yet clearly recognized. This basin can be subdivided into Yeongyang, Uiseong, The Jinju Inovation City area including Natural and Milyang subbasins from north to south, and the Detrital zircon U-Pb ages of the uppermost Jinju Formation 369 Fig. 1. (a) Geologic map of the Gyeongsang Basin. circles: reported fossil-bearing sites in the Jinju Formation, stars: sampling location for the zircon U-Pb dating in the Jinju Formation, (b) Zircon U-Pb dating results conducted in the Jinju Formation, (c) paleontological dating results reported in the Jinju Formation. *(1) Kobayashi and Suzuki (1936: mollusk), (2) Choi (1985: palynomorph), and Choi and Park (1987: palynomorph), (3) Yi et al. (1994: palynomorph), (4) Park et al. (2013: insect), (5) Park and Chang (1998: conchostraca), (6) Nam and Kim (2016: insect). Gyeongsang Supergroup can be divided into the In the first study on mollusk in the Jinju Formation, Sindong, Hayang, Yucheon, and the Bulguksa intrusive the depositional age of this formation was suggested groups in ascending order based on the intensity of as a relatively wide period covering the entire Early syndepositional magmatism (Chang, 1975, 1977; Choi, Cretaceous (Fig. 1c, Kobayashi and Suzuki, 1936). 1986b; Chang et al., 2003). The Sindong Group is Since then, many efforts have been made to constrain lithostratigraphically divided into the Nakdong, the depositional age of the Jinju Formation more Hasandong, and Jinju formations from the bottom to precisely based on various paleontologic studies (Fig. the top (Choi, 1986b). The study area is located in the 1c, Choi, 1985; Choi and Park, 1987; Yi et al., 1994; Milyang Subbasin, and belongs to the uppermost Jinju Park and Chang, 1998; Park et al., 2013). Among Formation (Fig. 1a). The Jinju Formation is made up them, the latest study on insect fossils suggested the mainly of lacustrine dark grey to black mudstones, depositional age of this formation as Albian (Nam and black shales, and channel sandstones. In the study Kim, 2016). area, however, tuffaceous sandstones and sandstones As already known, however, the radiometric dating containing much calcareous materials are commonly is more precise than paleontologic data. So far, several found (Fig. 3, Kim, K.S. et al., 2016). zircon U-Pb dating results have been reported in the 370 Yong-Un Chae, Jong Deock Lim, Cheong-Bin Kim, Kyung Soo Kim, Sujin Ha, and Hyoun Soo Lim Fig. 2. Photographs of footprints and trackway fossils found in the study area (from Kim, K.S.
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